CN107950864A - 一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食品领域，具体涉及一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉及其制备方法和应用。该合生元谷蔬代餐粉以100g计包括下述组分：青稞粉60‑80g、南瓜粉10‑20g、大豆粉5‑10g、魔芋粉5‑10g、益生元0.5‑5.0g和益生菌106‑1012cfu。本发明提供的合生元谷蔬代餐粉中的组分的多重功效相互辅佐、效应增强，具有协同通肠润便、调节肠道菌群失调、控制血糖的作用，可以替代早餐、午餐或晚餐，可以满足健康人群或特殊人群对能量、营养素的基本需求，冲调后成淡咖啡色，具有麦香味并且口感浓稠绵滑。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，具体涉及一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
代餐粉能提供预先配制好的热量，针对消费者代谢特点配比合理的营养素，符合现代人追求营养、方便、美味饮食习惯的需要。发明专利CN104187635公开了一种润肠通便超微营养粉及其制备方法，所述营养粉的主要成分为燕麦、甘蓝、鹰嘴豆、苹果、银耳、海带、柠檬等。发明专利CN103859251A公开了一种临床营养代餐条及其制备方法，所述临床营养代餐条主要由超微豆粕粉组成，适合高血脂、高血糖疾病人群或健康人群用于预防高血糖和高血脂。发明专利CN105285952A公开了一种可控制餐后血糖、保肝养肾、保护心脑血管、调理脾胃和大肠的营养均衡的代餐粉，所述代餐粉包括小米、莲藕、荞麦、薏米、燕麦、黑米、山药、莲子、黄玉米、马铃薯、板栗、黑芝麻等。代餐粉如果既能够润肠通便又可以控制血糖则对身体的健康更有益。
合生元是指含有活的能够改善人体微生态并发挥对人体有益作用的益生菌(如双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等)和能够作为发酵底物促进益生菌生长并发挥其有益作用的益生元(主要为膳食纤维)的联合使用。合生元中益生菌和益生元的功能相互促进，能有效调节肠道微生态、增强机体免疫力、调节脂质代谢。
发明专利CN104822277A公开了包含双歧杆菌属菌株的益生微生物和阿糖基木寡糖的寡糖组分的组合对建立和/或维持健康消化道环境的合生元组合物的食品。发明专利CN102985105A公开了一种包含益生菌鼠李糖乳酸杆菌HN001和基于低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、人乳低聚糖或其组合碳水化合物的合生元组合物，该组合物用于变应性疾病的预防和/或治疗的用途。但上述公开的合生元组合物仅是益生菌和益生元的简单复配，能达到一定的预防或治疗效果，均未涉及普通食品原料和合生元之间的增效作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以全谷物为基质，具有通肠润便，调节肠道菌群失调，控制血糖作用的合生元谷蔬代餐粉。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供一种上述合生元谷蔬代餐粉的制备方法，该方法简单，适合大规模生产。
本发明再有一个目的在于提供一种上述合生元谷蔬代餐粉的应用。
本发明的一个技术方案提供了一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉，该代餐粉以100g计包括下述组分：
青稞粉 60-80g
南瓜粉 10-20g
大豆粉 5-10g
魔芋粉 5-10g
益生元 0.5-5.0g
益生菌 106-1012cfu。
进一步地，所述的益生菌选自动物双歧杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，所述的益生菌选自动物双歧杆菌BB-12和鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，所述合生元谷蔬代餐粉中包含动物双歧杆菌BB-12和鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG。
更进一步地，所述合生元谷蔬代餐粉中包含动物双歧杆菌BB-12107-108cfu/g和鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG 108-109cfu/g。
进一步地，所述的益生元选自抗性淀粉、低聚果糖和酚酸糖酯中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，所述的益生元为抗性淀粉、低聚果糖和酚酸糖酯。
更进一步地，所述合生元谷蔬代餐粉以100g计包含抗性淀粉0.8g、低聚果糖1.4g和酚酸糖酯0.6g。
进一步地，所述酚酸糖酯选自对香豆酸糖酯和阿魏酸糖酯中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述合生元谷蔬代餐粉以100g计包括下述组分：
青稞粉 68-72g
南瓜粉 14-16g
大豆粉 7-9g
魔芋粉 5-7g
益生元 0.5-5.0g
益生菌 106-1012cfu。
进一步地，所述合生元谷蔬代餐粉还包含调味剂和其它营养成分；
其中，所述调味剂选自酵母提取物、食盐、木聚糖和洋葱粉中的一种或多种；
其中，所述其它营养成分选自奶粉、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，所述其它营养成分选自奶粉、钾、镁、钙、铁、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸中的一种或多种。
本发明的另一个技术方案提供了一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉的制备方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
1)将大颗粒配料粉碎过40-80目筛；
2)按照配方量称取青稞粉、南瓜粉、魔芋粉和大豆粉，混合均匀；
3)将步骤2)得到的混合粉与纯净水按照5-7:1-3混匀，加入双螺旋挤压膨化机，设置四段挤压温度，第一段温度控制在50-60℃，第二段温度控制在70-90℃，第三段温度控制在110-130℃，第四段温度控制在150-170℃，螺杆转速180-200r/min，出口温度130-140℃；
4)步骤3)得到的膨化物料从膜孔挤出后，用流化床干燥至水分含量5-8％，后粉碎至40-80目的膨化粉；
5)将步骤4)制备的膨化粉与代餐粉中的其余配料混合。
本发明还有一个技术方案提供了一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉在通肠润便、调节肠道菌群失调、控制血糖方面的应用。
合生元中益生菌和益生元的功能相互促进，能有效调节肠道微生态、增强机体免疫力、调节脂质代谢。
青稞英文名：hullessbarley是禾本科大麦属的一种禾谷类作物，因其内外颖壳分离，籽粒裸露，故又称裸大麦、元麦、米大麦。
青稞是更丰富的次生代谢产物；青稞具有抗缺氧、抗疲劳、降血脂、降体重以及改善胰岛素敏感性等多种保健作用；此外，青稞中的β-葡聚糖、阿拉伯木聚糖和酚类物质均被证实具有调节肠道菌群的作用。
南瓜具有很好的降血糖、防治糖尿病的保健作用。
魔芋又名蒟蒻，为天南星科魔芋属的多年生草本植物，具有极高的医疗保健价值，具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、减肥等作用。
本发明提供的合生元谷蔬代餐粉中的合生元与青稞都具有调节肠道菌群的作用，其配合食用具有协同辅佐、效应增强的作用；南瓜、魔芋和青稞的相互协同配合，能够增强对人体的降血糖的作用。
本发明提供的合生元谷蔬代餐粉中的组分的多重功效相互辅佐、效应增强，具有通肠润便，调节肠道菌群失调，控制血糖作用，可以替代早餐、午餐或晚餐，可以满足健康人群或特殊人群对能量、营养素的基本需求，冲调后成淡咖啡色，具有麦香味并且口感浓稠绵滑。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制得的代餐粉1-6体外发酵24h的益生元指数PI值的柱状图。
图2为本发明对比例3-5制得的代餐粉和实施例1制得的代餐粉6体外发酵24h的益生元指数PI值的柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明并不限于实施例。
在以下实施例和对比例中，如无特殊说明，益生菌使用的单位cfu/g是指每克(实施例或对比例中制得的)代餐粉中含有的细菌群落总数。
实施例1
本实施例中制备的合生元谷蔬代餐粉1-6的组成如下表1所示：
表1
制备方法：
1)将大颗粒配料粉碎过60目筛；
2)按照配方量称取青稞粉、南瓜粉、魔芋粉和大豆粉，混合均匀；
3)将步骤2)得到的混合粉与纯净水按照7:3混匀，加入双螺旋挤压膨化机，设置四段挤压温度分别为60-90-130-170℃之间，螺杆转速200r/min，出口温度140℃；
4)步骤3)得到的膨化物料从膜孔挤出后，用流化床干燥至水分含量6％，后粉碎至60目的膨化粉；
5)将步骤4)制备的膨化粉与代餐粉中的其余配料混合。
实验例1
合生元谷蔬代餐粉的降血糖功能的验证
为考察本发明提供的合生元谷蔬代餐粉的降血糖功能，对实施例1中制得的合生元谷蔬代餐粉1-6进行降血糖功能实验。
征集35名健康的20-25岁志愿者，随机分成7组，每组5人，早餐分别进食白面馒头、合生元谷蔬代餐粉1、2、3、4、5、6，连续试食14天后，对比观察受试者血糖值变化。结果如下表2所示。
表2的结果显示，6种合生元谷蔬代餐粉均显示了降血糖功效，其降血糖功效为代餐粉6>代餐粉4>代餐粉3>代餐粉5>代餐粉1、代餐粉2。
表2实施例1中制得的合生元谷蔬代餐粉降血糖功效
对比例1-2(各对比例制得的代餐粉均以对比例序号代替，以下同)对比列1-2中制备的合生元谷蔬代餐粉的组成如下表3所示：
表3
将对比例1-2中制得的代餐粉与代餐粉6进行相同条件下的降血糖实验，结果如下表4：
表4不同合生元谷蔬代餐粉对人体餐后血糖的影响
实验例2
合生元谷蔬代餐粉的调节肠道菌群失调功能的验证
为考察本发明提供的合生元谷蔬代餐粉的调节肠道菌群失调功能，对实施例1中制得的合生元谷蔬代餐粉1-6进行调节肠道菌群功能实验。
体外调节人体肠道菌群功能实验Sánchez-Patán等人【Sánchez-Patán,etal.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2012,60(9):2136-2147】的方法：
(1)培养基配制：胰蛋白胨2g/L，酵母浸粉2g/L、氯化钠0.1g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.04g/L、碳酸钠2g/L、七水硫酸镁0.01g/L、无水氯化钙0.01g/L、吐温80 2mL/L、氯化血红素50mg/L、维生素K1 10μL/L、L-半胱氨酸0.5g/L、猪胆盐0.5g/L、树脂天青1mg/L；上述组分配成溶液后，用1mol/L盐酸调节基础培养基的pH＝6.8，分装到100mL锥形瓶中，每个锥形瓶45mL基础培养基，经高压灭菌后转移到厌氧工作站除氧24h；
(2)人体肠道菌悬液制备：于实验当天原位采集2女1男的粪便各30g左右，置于厌氧箱中，整个采集过程10min内完成。要求所有提供粪便的志愿者身体健康，没有胃肠病史，近半年来没有接受过抗生素的治疗。在厌氧工作站中用0.1M pH＝6.8的无氧无菌磷酸盐缓冲溶液按1:10(w/v)稀释混匀；
(3)体外发酵：分别向每个培养基中加入5mL的粪便稀释液和0.5g合生元谷蔬代餐粉1-6，在37℃厌氧条件下发酵24h。同时，以添加0.5g缓冲液作为空白对照组；
(4)调节肠道菌群能力评价：发酵结束后，发酵液离心取沉淀，利用细菌16S r RNA基因高通量测序技术分析菌群多样性。以益生元指数(prebioticindex,PI)评价代餐粉调节肠道菌群效果。
PI＝(Bif/Total)-(Esc/Total)+(Lac/Total)-(Clos/Total)
其中，Bif、Esc、Lac、Clos分别代表发酵一定时间后发酵液中双歧杆菌、肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌的数量与对应菌初始时间的菌数之比；Total表示培养一定时间后的总菌数与初始时间总菌数之比。
(4)结果：益生元指数综合考虑了有益菌和潜在有害菌的变化情况，PI值越大，益生元作用越强。结果显示，代餐粉1-6组均有较强的益生元作用，而且益生菌、益生元、青稞、南瓜、魔芋和大豆具有协同增效作用。实施例1制得的6种合生元谷蔬代餐粉的调节肠道菌群能力为代餐粉4>代餐粉5、6>代餐粉1>代餐粉2>代餐粉3，具体结果参见图1。
对比例3-5
对比例3-5中制备的合生元谷蔬代餐粉的组成如下表5所示：
表5
将对比例3-5制得的代餐粉与代餐粉6进行相同条件下的调节肠道菌群失调功能实验，结果参见图2。
实验例3
合生元谷蔬代餐粉的通肠润便功能的验证
为考察本发明谷蔬代餐粉的通肠润便功能，对实施例制得的代餐粉1-6进行促进小鼠排便能力的研究。
(1)实验动物：健康雄性清洁级ICR小鼠，体重(22±2)g，由北京维通利华实验动物有限公司提供；实验前动物适应3天。
(2)实验分组：正常对照组、便秘模型组、代餐粉1、2、3、4、5、6组，每组6只，灌胃饲养10天。
正常对照组、便秘模型组灌胃给予玉米淀粉0.1g/只；
代餐粉1组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉1 0.1g/只；
代餐粉2组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉2 0.1g/只；
代餐粉3组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉3 0.1g/只；
代餐粉4组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉4 0.1g/只；
代餐粉5组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉5 0.1g/只；
代餐粉6组灌胃给予合生元谷蔬代餐粉6 0.1g/只；
10天内，上述实验组的小鼠自由饮水进食。
(3)促小鼠排便的能力评价：饲养结束，受试前各组动物禁食16h(期间自由饮水)后，便秘模型组和6个产品组灌胃给予复方地芬诺酯片10mg/kg，给予复方地芬诺酯片30min后，各组经口给予含相应样品的墨汁后开始计时，正常饮水和进食，观察记录每只小鼠首次排黑便的所需时间及6h内排黑便粒数和重量。
(4)结果：代餐粉1-6组小鼠首便时间减短、粪便重量明显增加，而且益生菌、益生元、青稞、南瓜、魔芋和大豆具有协同增效作用。6种合生元谷蔬代餐粉的促排便能力为代餐粉6>代餐粉4>代餐粉5>代餐粉3>代餐粉1>代餐粉2。具体结果见表6和表8。
表6不同合生元谷蔬代餐粉对小鼠排便的影响
对比例6-11
对比例6-11中制备的合生元谷蔬代餐粉的组成如下表7所示：表7
对比例6-11中制得的代餐粉对比例与代餐粉6进行相同条件下的小鼠排便实验，结果如下表8：
表8不同合生元谷蔬代餐粉对小鼠排便的影响
以上列举的仅是本范明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
本发明合生元谷蔬代餐粉的食用方法为：先在杯中倒入200-300mL的温水(50-60℃)，将1袋25g谷蔬代餐粉倒入，搅拌均匀，早、中、晚餐均可食用。
Claims (10)
1.一种合生元谷蔬代餐粉，该代餐粉以100g计包括下述组分：
青稞粉60-80g
南瓜粉10-20g
大豆粉5-10g
魔芋粉5-10g
益生元0.5-5.0g
益生菌106-1012cfu。
2.根据权利要求1所述的代餐粉，其中，所述的益生菌选自动物双歧杆菌BB-12和鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的代餐粉，其中，所述的益生菌为动物双歧杆菌BB-12 107-108cfu/g和鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG 108-109cfu/g。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的代餐粉，其中，所述的益生元选自抗性淀粉、低聚果糖和酚酸糖酯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的代餐粉，其中，该代餐粉以100g计包含的益生元为抗性淀粉0.8g、低聚果糖1.4g和酚酸糖酯0.6g。
6.根据权利要求5所述的代餐粉，其中，所述的酚酸糖酯选自对香豆酸糖酯和阿魏酸糖酯中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的代餐粉，其中，该代餐粉以100g计包括下述组分：
青稞粉68-72g
南瓜粉14-16g
大豆粉7-9g
魔芋粉5-7g
益生元0.5-5.0g
益生菌106-1012cfu。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的代餐粉，其中，该代餐粉还包含调味剂和其它营养成分；
所述调味剂选自酵母提取物、食盐、木聚糖和洋葱粉中的一种或多种；
所述其它营养成分选自奶粉、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸中的一种或多种。
9.一种权利要求1-8中任一项所述的代餐粉的制备方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
1)将大颗粒配料粉碎过40-80目筛；
2)按照配方量称取青稞粉、南瓜粉、魔芋粉和大豆粉，混合均匀；
3)将步骤2)得到的混合粉与纯净水按照5-7:1-3混匀，加入双螺旋挤压膨化机，设置四段挤压温度，第一段温度控制在50-60℃，第二段温度控制在70-90℃，第三段温度控制在110-130℃，第四段温度控制在150-170℃，螺杆转速180-200r/min，出口温度130-140℃；
4)步骤3)得到的膨化物料从膜孔挤出后，用流化床干燥至水分含量5-8％，后粉碎至40-80目的膨化粉；
5)将步骤4)制备的膨化粉与代餐粉中的其它配料混合。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的代餐粉，其在通肠润便、调节肠道菌群失调、控制血糖方面的应用。
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