CN1079474C - 吸音板的制造方法和具有夹层结构的吸音板 - Google Patents

吸音板的制造方法和具有夹层结构的吸音板 Download PDF

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CN1079474C
CN1079474C CN96199598A CN96199598A CN1079474C CN 1079474 C CN1079474 C CN 1079474C CN 96199598 A CN96199598 A CN 96199598A CN 96199598 A CN96199598 A CN 96199598A CN 1079474 C CN1079474 C CN 1079474C
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K·奔德
R·瓦赫特
B·菲德勒
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Abstract

由一个载板(T)和一边或两边覆盖着此载板的覆盖层构成的吸音板(A)是形状稳定的、防火的,它可以按下述方式制作而成:处于载板(T)的朝向室内一边上的覆盖层(D)是双层的,即由一个形状稳定的、粗孔隙的中间层(DZ)、和一个覆盖着此中间层(DZ)的、细孔隙的外层(DA)构成,利用一种用粘结剂(K)做成的点状粘结剂网目将中间层和外层彼此地并和载板(T)粘接起来。

Description

吸音板的制造方法和具有夹层结构的 吸音板
本发明涉及一种用作室内吸音天花板或墙壁构件的具有夹层结构的吸音板的制造方法,这种吸音板包含一个疏松的、由一颗粒层构成的载板和至少设置在载板朝向室内的板面上的一个疏松的覆盖层,该覆盖层由一个直接贴放在载板的板面上的中间层和一个朝向室内的、可见的外层组合而成,在此,中间层是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网(Vlies)或织物做成的,而外层则是用一种相对细孔隙的、可挠曲的网(Vlies)或织物做成的。此外,本发明还一般涉及一种具有夹层结构的吸音板,可用作室内吸音天花板或墙壁的构件,这种吸音板包含一个疏松的载板和一个至少设置在载板朝向室内的板面上的疏松的覆盖层。
在专利申请书EP 93118865.0中已公开过一种吸音板,在这种吸音板上,用一种疏松多孔隙的有弹性的合成树脂做成的载板在吸音度方面有所改善,其中,该载板(一边或双边)使用多层用玻璃纤维、塑料纤维或天然纤维网或织物做的薄覆盖层加以覆盖,在这里,还可按已知方法改善整个吸音板的形状稳定性。为了将覆盖层同载板粘接起来,使用一种粘结剂,粘结剂应如此加以涂敷,以使载板和覆盖层的疏松度不受影响,从而室内空气可通过吸音板循环。
为了达到这一目的,根据该专利申请者的建议,粘结剂按照一种仅局部地覆盖所属粘合面的粘结剂网目(Raster)形式加以涂敷。为此,在同载板粘合时,要根据所涂敷的粘结剂的用量和稠度来选择对覆盖层施加的单位面积压力,务使同载板的粘合足够牢固,而基本上又不提高粘结剂在粘合面上的覆盖率。按照上述方法,吸音板的功能得以保持;与此同时,在这种情况下,覆盖层的网(Vlies)或织物纤维彼此又能均匀地粘结起来。视所用粘结剂之不同,粘结剂网目可以或多或少地设计呈粗网眼的,从而可减少粘结剂消耗量而且能适应各种条件。
这样一种吸音板必须满足几个彼此很矛盾的要求。它应确保良好的吸音效果,为此,载板必须尽可能设计成粗疏松孔隙的。先决条件是,这样一种吸音板是可以自支持地配装在室内天花板上-为此,它必须具有足够的强度,这种强度随载板孔隙率的增大而减小。吸音板的夹层结构,在其载板一面或两面加覆盖层,这已带来明显的改进。这种对着房间的覆盖层当然还必须满足美观上的要求,必须尽可能地设计成具有细孔隙的,从而使得可以不提高吸音板的强度。
在专利公开说明书DE 31 47 174 Al中也已公开下述之点:用作覆盖层,采用一种由本来的覆盖层和石膏板组成的复合层,以满足那些互相矛盾的条件。在此情况下,使用一种粘结剂将该覆盖层固定在载体织物上;同一粘结剂用来将载体织物同所用具有打孔结构的石膏板粘合起来,借以达到所希望的对原有的吸音载板的透声率。
为覆盖层使用一种载体织物是不利的,这是因为这种织物的结构会在覆盖层的朝室内一侧的可见表面上映现出来,尤其是在利用压力板将吸音板压合起来的情况下更会这样,而由于使用粘结层之故上述压合处理又是必需的。如果载板为一种掺有粘结剂的颗粒层构成的,则上述压合处理还同时能确保各个颗粒的结合。在专利DE14 84 072 C3的说明书中已描述了那种颗粒层的应用,如该说明书中所述,粘结剂既埋置各个颗粒又促使各颗粒彼此连接。
特别对于不可燃烧的吸音板来说,早已知道应用膨化的珠光岩或蛭石来做载板用的颗粒层,并早已知道使用一种无机粘结剂来粘合颗粒层。但这种吸音板也表明有如前面所详细描述过的相同的缺点。
因此,本发明提出了这样一个任务:提供一种方法,用来制造上文中详细说明的那种隔音板,并提供一种吸音板,它可避免技术现状中述及的缺陷,同时设计一种从静力学角度上讲可加载相当高的吸音板,它既有良好的吸音效能又是可以防火的。这种吸音板的制造应当是没有任何问题的,在成本上是合算的。所用粘结剂不应显著影响吸音板的孔隙率。
根据本发明,上述任务在方法方面的解决方案在于,这种吸音板具有夹层结构,可用作室内(R)吸音天花板或墙壁的构件,它由一个疏松的以颗粒层(TK′)形成的载板(T)和一个至少设置在载板(T)朝向室内(R)的板面口)上的疏松覆盖层(D)所构成,该覆盖层由一个直接贴在载板(T)的板面(F)上的中间层(DZ)和一个朝向室内(R)的、可见的外层(DA)组合而成,在这里,中间层(DZ)是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网或织物做的,而外层(DA)则是用一种相对细孔隙的、可挠曲的网或织物做的,其中,用一种呈粘结剂网目形式涂敷的粘结剂(K)将中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)彼此相连接并同载板(T)连接,中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)是利用一种依粘结剂网目形式涂敷上去的粘结剂(K)而彼此连接并和载板(T)连接起来的,其步骤是:首先将外层(DA)和中间层(DZ)彼此相对叠地放置在一个用作为支撑物的衬垫上,将粘结剂网目如此敷在中间层(DZ)的朝上的层面上,使得由粘结剂(K)形成的网目点透过中间层(DZ)并接触到外层(DA);将作为填装物(TS)的载板(T)用的颗粒层(TK′)安置在如此准备好的覆盖层(D)上,以及然后利用一个向载板(T)施压的压力板(P)压制出吸音板(A)。
按照上述方式可以确保粘结剂分布十分均匀,而不是仅是按覆盖表面地加以涂敷的。从而,从一开始就能保持被粘结剂覆盖的表面和没有粘结剂的表面之间的比例关系。在将覆盖层安放在载板上时对它所施加的表面压力按照所涂敷的粘结剂的厚度和稠度这样选择,即使得在压力板的作用下它可与载板结合得足够牢固,而且基本上不致提高粘结剂的覆盖系数。依此,吸音板能保持它的功能,与此同时覆盖层的Vlieses纤维或织物纤维能彼此匀称地粘合起来。根据所用的粘结剂不同,粘结剂网目的结构可以多少设计成粗网形式,这样耗费少而又适合于各种条件。
颗粒层最好由这样的颗粒构成:这种颗粒均由一种粘结剂包覆着,在以压力板施压时粘结剂便将散的颗粒粘合起来,从而获得具有高孔隙率的稳定的载板。
采取下述措施便可提高吸音板的形状固定性:在载板的朝向室内的板面上另配置一个覆盖层,此覆盖层在吸音板进行压制之前即安置在载板的装填物上。上述覆盖层可以整体地用一种玻璃纤维网或类似织物做成。
采取下述措施可使吸音板的不同的各层实现完善的可加高负荷的连结:在通过压力板进行压制之后,将粘合好的吸音板加以硬化处理,最好在140°~250°的温度条件下进行。
与吸音板相关的任务通过是这样实现的,即这种吸音板包括一个疏松的载板(T)和一个至少配置在载板(T)的朝向室内(R)的板面(F)上的疏松覆盖层(D),其中,覆盖层(D)由一个直接贴在载板(T)的板面(F)上的中间层(DZ)和一个朝向室内(R)的可见的外层(DA)组合而成,于此,中间层(DZ)是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网或织物做成的,而外层(DA)则是用一种相对细孔隙的、可挠曲的网或织物做成的,而且利用一种粘结剂(K)将中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)彼此地并和载板(T)一起粘接起来,粘结剂以一种粘结剂网目形式只局部地接触到彼此粘合的层面,其中粘结剂(k)要么做成点状要么做成格子状的粘结剂网目,而且粘结剂颗粒(k′)把载板(T)/中间板(DZ)和外层(DA)连接起来。
吸音板可以在它的背向室内的载板板面上另加一个最好是整体的覆盖层,例如用一种相对地粗孔隙的、固定形状的网(Vlies)或织物做成的覆盖层。
载板最好用这样一种粒状材料做成:这种材料从材质上连接的例如是可用一种粘结剂彼此连结起来的颗粒构成的。
颗粒材料的颗粒最好是用一种矿物如膨化玻璃、膨化粘土、玄武岩珠、珠光岩之类或这些矿物的混合物做成的,它们的粒度可在0.25至8mm之间,而且和粘结剂一样还可以用一种无机材料做成。水玻璃用作为粘结剂已证明是有效的,它最好用一种或几种添加剂如磷酸盐之类加以增浓。
用作为中间层和/或外层,合适的是一种无机材料网(Vlies)或织物,最好是用玻璃纤维制成的织物,在这里,中间层最好用玻璃纤维毡做成,而外层则用玻璃纤维做成。
粘结剂可以设计成一种点状粘结剂网目,在这里,各网目点都是由粘结剂质点构成,其中每一个单独的点都将载板、中间层和外层彼此连结起来。但还有一个可行的做法,就是将粘结剂设计成格子状的粘结剂网目,将之分别置于载板和覆盖层之间和/或中间层和外层之间,这种格子状粘结剂网目例如可以有一种粘接网的形状。粘结剂最好是水玻璃和添加剂特别是磷酸盐组成的一种混合物。
按照本发明方法制造的吸音板可用于高度地隔音(噪音)的目的,亦可用于隔热,它不但重量很轻,而且具有很高的形状固定性,不需要用依平面涂敷的粘结剂膜来将覆盖层(单层或多层)固定在载板上。按照本发明提出的制造方法制造出来的吸音板也能满足防火的各种要求,而且可以节约制造成本。
下面根据附图就一个实施例对本发明做更为详细的说明。附图是:
图1依本发明处于其制造过程初始阶段的吸音板;
图2制成的成品吸音板。
这两个图都是立体示意图。
图1中示明依本发明制造的吸音板A,它由一载板T和一覆盖层D构成,在这里(图1)覆盖层D应固定在朝向室内R的板面F上。覆盖层D安置在一个在图中删去了的位置固定的平的衬垫上、该衬垫在压缩吸音板A时还用作为支撑。
载板T是由散颗粒TK作填装物TS经压力板P加压而制造出来的。图1中示明颗粒TK作的松散填装物TS,图2中象征地示明由松散填装物烧结而成的载板T的颗粒层TK′。颗粒TK事先就包覆有一种粘结剂,该粘结剂在填装物TS受压之后使得颗粒层TK′连结起来。
载板T以它的朝向室内R的板面F通过粘结剂K与覆盖层D相连结。
覆盖层D由一个与板面F相接触的中间层DZ和一个朝向室内R的外层DA构成,中间层和外层都是按覆盖面积设计的。中间层DZ是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网(Vlies)做成的,而外层DA则是用一种细孔隙的、可挠曲的网(Vlies)做成的。
在图1中,外层DA和中间层DZ叠置在一起,并按点状网目形式用粘结剂K加以覆盖,粘结剂聚集成众多的网目点;粘结剂的用量和稠度以及中间层DZ的孔隙率是这样加以测定的,使得粘结剂质点K′仅靠自身的重力和填装物TS产生的压力而挤进到中间层DZ中,并接触到外层DA即有限制地流入它的表面。
然后如图2所示,将压力板P降下,向吸音板A施压;随后对粘结剂K进行硬化处理,于是对最终完成的吸音板A再加以卸载。

Claims (16)

1.用于制造一种吸音板(A)的方法,这种吸音板具有夹层结构,可用作室内(R)吸音天花板或墙壁的构件,它由一个疏松的以颗粒层(TK′)形成的载板(T)和一个至少设置在载板(T)朝向室内(R)的板面(F)上的疏松覆盖层(D)所构成,该覆盖层由一个直接贴在载板(T)的板面(F)上的中间层(DZ)和一个朝向室内(R)的、可见的外层(DA)组合而成,在这里,中间层(DZ)是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网或织物做的,而外层(DA)则是用一种相对细孔隙的、可挠曲的网或织物做的,其特征在于:
用一种呈粘结剂网目形式涂敷的粘结剂(K)将中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)彼此相连接并同载板(T)连接,
中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)是利用一种依粘结剂网目形式涂敷上去的粘结剂(K)而彼此连接并和载板(T)连接起来的,其步骤是:
(1)首先将外层(DA)和中间层(DZ)彼此相对叠地放置在一个用作为支
   撑物的衬垫上,
(2)将粘结剂网目如此敷在中间层(DZ)的朝上的层面上,使得由粘结
   剂(K)形成的网目点透过中间层(DZ)并接触到外层(DA);
(3)将作为填装物(TS)的载板(T)用的颗粒层(TK′)安置在如此准备好的
   覆盖层(D)上,以及
(4)然后利用一个向载板(T)施压的压力板(P)压制出吸音板(A)。
2.按照权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:颗粒层(TK′)是由颗粒(TK)构成的,这些颗粒上都包覆着一种粘结剂,在压力板(P)加压时粘结剂将颗粒(TK)彼此粘接起来。
3.按照权利要求1或2中所述的方法,其特征在于:载板(T)的朝向室内(R)的板面(F)另配有一覆盖层(D),在对吸音板(A)进行压制之前便将该覆盖层安置在载板(T)的填装物(TS)上面。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:粘合起来的吸音板(A)在用压力板(P)加以压制之后进行硬化处理,处理温度最好在180°~250°。
5.用作室内(R)的吸音天花板或吸音墙壁的具有夹层结构的吸音板,它包括一个疏松的载板(T)和一个至少配置在载板(T)的朝向室内(R)的板面(F)上的疏松覆盖层(D),其特征在于:
覆盖层(D)由一个直接贴在载板(T)的板面(F)上的中间层(DZ)和一个朝向室内(R)的可见的外层(DA)组合而成,于此,中间层(DZ)是用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网或织物做成的,而外层(DA)则是用一种相对细孔隙的、可挠曲的网或织物做成的,而且利用一种粘结剂(K)将中间层(DZ)和外层(DA)彼此地并和载板(T)一起粘接起来,粘结剂以一种粘结剂网目形式只局部地接触到彼此粘合的层面,其中粘结剂(k)要么做成点状要么做成格子状的粘结剂网目,而且粘结剂颗粒(k′)把载板(T)/中间板(DZ)和外层(DA)连接起来。
6.按照权利要求5中所述的吸音板,其特征在于:载板(T)的朝向室内(R)的板面(F)配有另一个最好是整体的覆盖层(D),例如用一种相对粗孔隙的、形状固定的网(Vlies)或织物做成的覆盖层。
7.按照权利要求5或6中所述的吸音板,其特征在于:载板(T)是用一种颗粒状材料做成的,这种材料从材质上说例如是利用一种粘结剂而相互粘接起来的颗粒(TK)构成的。
8.按照权利要求7所述的吸音板,其特征在于:所用颗粒(TK)的粒度在0.25和8mm之间。
9.按照权利要求7所述的吸音板,其特征在于:所用颗粒(TK)和/或粘结剂是分别用一种无机材料做成的。
10.按照权利要求9所述吸音板,其特征在于:所用颗粒(TK)是用一种矿物材料如膨化玻璃、膨化粘土、玄武岩珠、珠光岩等或这些材料组成的一种混合物做成的。
11.按照权利要求9或10所述的吸音板,其特征在于:粘结剂是用水玻璃做的,最好用一种或几种添加剂磷酸盐之类加以增浓。
12.按照权利要求5所述的吸音板,其特征在于:中间层(DZ)和/或外层(DA)是用一种无机网或织物做成的,最好用玻璃纤维。
13.按照权利要求12中所述的吸音板,其特征在于:中间层(DZ)是用一种玻璃纤维毡做的。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的吸音板,其特征在于:外层(DA)是用一种玻璃纤维或聚酯纤维网做的。
15.按照权利要求5所述的吸音板,其特征在于:点状粘结剂网目由粘结剂网构成。
16.按照权利要求5所述的吸音板,其特征在于:粘结剂(K)是用一种由水玻璃和添加剂特别是磷酸盐组成的混合物做成的。
CN96199598A 1996-01-10 1996-11-22 吸音板的制造方法和具有夹层结构的吸音板 Expired - Fee Related CN1079474C (zh)

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