CN107936279A - 一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107936279A
CN107936279A CN201711470678.6A CN201711470678A CN107936279A CN 107936279 A CN107936279 A CN 107936279A CN 201711470678 A CN201711470678 A CN 201711470678A CN 107936279 A CN107936279 A CN 107936279A
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陈庆
贯大为
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Shandong Longchang New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法。该农用转光复合塑料膜包括薄膜基材层,薄膜基材层表面涂覆有粘接层,粘接层表面涂覆有液态玻璃封合层,粘接层中分散有有机荧光染料类转光剂,所述转光剂包括有机蒽类转光剂、有机芴类转光剂和均三嗪衍生物转光剂中的一种或几种的组合。该农用转光复合塑料膜能够克服转光剂在塑料薄膜中分散不好,转光效率低的缺陷,且制备方法简单,成本低。

Description

一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于农业转光技术领域,涉及一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳光能是农作物进行光合作用的重要因素之一,是农作物生长、发育、结果的必要条件,而能够穿过大气层到达地面的太阳光波段大部分在300-1000nm之间,大量的研究实验证明,在照射到地球表面的太阳光光谱中,并非所有的不同波长的光都对植物生长有利,真正有利于植物光合作用的有两个峰区:一个是蓝光区(400-500nm),其中叶绿素α最强吸收峰为425nm,叶绿素β,叶黄素和α-胡萝卜素最强吸收峰为440nm;另一个是红橙区(600-680nm),其中645nm为叶绿素β的最强吸收峰,660nm为叶绿素α的最强吸收峰。植物光合作用通常通过叶绿素进行,叶绿素能够吸收蓝光或红光,而对紫外以及近紫外光吸收较弱。如果能够将太阳光中紫外或近紫外光转化为可被叶绿素吸收的光,无疑将会提高植物对阳光的利用率,使作物根系发达,茎叶茂盛,增产增收和品质优越。
农用转光膜在农业上的应用是人们在太阳光能利用方面的一个非常重要的进步。目前大多数农用转光膜是通过添加转光剂将对植物生长有害的紫外光转换成对作物有用的蓝紫光及红橙光,或将植物不吸收的绿光和黄绿光转换成红光,促进植物对氮、磷、钾、锌等营养元素的吸收,提高叶片中的光合作用产物含量升高,促进作物生长,同时起到减少病虫害的作用。与普通膜相比,转光膜能明显的提高农作物的光合作用强度、提高地温和棚温、降低作物病情指数、加快生育过程、提高作物产量、增加果实中维生素C、胡萝卜素和可溶性糖的含量。根据目前的开发技术,与常规的聚乙烯膜覆盖的大棚相比,用转光膜覆盖的大棚种植黄瓜可增产10﹪-20﹪,西红柿可增产20﹪-40﹪,白菜增产35﹪左右,生菜可达40﹪,作物的生长期也可以大大提高。
转光农膜的核心技术是转光剂,现有的转光剂按化学组成来划分,主要有以下两类。(1)有机荧光染料类。主要是一些芳香烃和芳香杂环型化合物,如酞菁衍生物、荧光红、荧光黄等。这些化合物的特点是分子内带有大的共轭π电子结构,分子轨道中的n-π和π-π跃迁能量与近紫外和可见光能量重合,并有很大的摩尔吸收系数。吸收紫外和可见光之后,光能以荧光的形式发出,并发生红移。(2)稀土荧光化合物。包括稀土无机荧光化合物和稀土有机配合物。前者比较典型的是CaS:EuCL,荧光性能优异。其转光机制是有机配体吸收紫外光后,跃迁到单线态激发态,然后转变到能量较低的三线态激发态,并通过非辐射方式将光能传递给稀土离子,最后由稀土离子以荧光方式将能量释放,产生红橙光。
但上述现有的这两种转光材料存在着缺点。转光膜的主要组成是高分子基质和转光剂,其制备方式是将转光剂作为添加成分掺杂于高分子基质中,形成“掺杂型高分子”,但是转光剂在基质树脂中分散性差,会出现相分离现象,因此导致转光剂在树脂中的分散情况不好,使转光效率未能达到理想水平,甚至由于结构上的差异,还可能导致荧光分子之间发生淬灭作用,造成有效荧光分子比例减少、荧光强度降低、荧光寿命下降,影响材料的性能;有机荧光染料类荧光物质作为农膜转光剂时,虽然解决了相容性不好的问题,但是容易发生氧化和分解,使用寿命不长,对太阳光的吸收与转换效率不高,影响农膜的透光性。
因此,需要设计一种新型的农业转光膜,解决现有技术存在的缺点与不足。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种农用转光复合塑料膜及其制备方法。该农用转光复合塑料膜能够克服转光剂在塑料薄膜中分散不好,转光效率不高的缺陷。该制备方法简单,成本低。
为了达到前述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述转光复合塑料膜以薄膜为基层,表面涂覆有粘接层,粘接层表面涂覆有液态玻璃封合层;其中,所述粘接层中分散有转光剂;所述液态玻璃封合层为无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂形成的厚度为1-2μm的液态玻璃层。
优选地,所述转光剂包括有机荧光染料类转光剂,所述转光剂包括有机蒽类转光剂、有机芴类转光剂和均三嗪衍生物转光剂中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述有机蒽类转光剂包括蒽及其衍生物、齐聚蒽和高分子聚蒽中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述有机芴类转光剂包括芴及其衍生物、齐聚芴和高分子聚芴中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述均三嗪衍生物转光剂包括2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)和/或2,4,6-三(2-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNB-1)。
优选地,所述薄膜基材层包括聚乙烯层、尼龙层、聚乙烯醇层和聚丙烯层中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述粘接层包括聚氨酯胶粘层、环氧树脂胶粘层中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述粘接层中,转光剂的含量为0.1wt%-10wt%。
优选地,所述薄膜基材层的厚度为10μm-150μm,所述粘接层的厚度为10μm-100μm。
本发明还提供上述农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将转光剂溶于有机溶剂中,超声分散,然后与粘接层原料混合,搅拌均匀,形成粘接层原料胶;
步骤二:将所述粘接层原料胶涂覆在薄膜基材层的表面,然后在100℃-150℃温度下压膜成型,形成粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
优选地,所述步骤一中,有机溶剂包括甲苯、苯和二甲亚砜中的一种或几种组合。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果包括:
(1)本发明提供的农用转光复合塑料膜,通过粘接剂将转光剂能够均匀分在转光复合膜的粘接层中;
(2)本发明提供的农用转光复合塑料膜,采用液态玻璃作为表面封合层,不但保证了转光剂的长效稳定,而且增加了对光源的敏感和吸收,大幅提升转光效率,增强了农作物对光的利用。
(3)本发明制备方法简单,工艺易控,适合规模化应用。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)转光剂溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与聚氨酯混合,并添加CH-1超分散剂,以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶;2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)转光剂与甲苯、聚氨酯、CH-1超分散剂的质量比为0.5:20:100:0.5;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在聚乙烯薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为50μm,粘接层的厚度为20μm,封合层的厚度为1μm。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将2,4,6-三(2-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNB-1)转光剂溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与聚氨酯混合,并添加CH-1超分散剂,以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶;2,4,6-三(2-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNB-1)转光剂与甲苯、聚氨酯、CH-1超分散剂的质量比为0.5:20:100:0.5;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在聚乙烯薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为50μm,粘接层的厚度为20μm,封合层的厚度为2μm。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将蒽转光剂溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与聚氨酯混合,并以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶;蒽转光剂与甲苯、聚氨酯的质量比为0.5:20:100;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在聚乙烯薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为50μm,粘接层的厚度为50μm,封合层的厚度为2μm。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将高分子转光剂PBF溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与环氧树脂混合,并添加CH-1超分散剂,以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶;高分子转光剂PBF转光剂与甲苯、环氧树脂、CH-1超分散剂的质量比为0.5:20:100:0.5;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在聚乙烯醇薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为100μm,粘接层的厚度为50μm,封合层的厚度为2μm。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将高分子转光剂BPF-Cz转光剂溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与环氧树脂混合,并以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶高分子转光剂BPF-Cz转光剂与甲苯、环氧树脂的质量比为1.0:20:100;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在聚乙烯/乙烯醇薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为100μm,粘接层的厚度为40μm,封合层的厚度为1.5μm。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)转光剂溶于甲苯中,超声分散,形成转光剂溶液;然后将该转光剂溶液与乙烯基树脂混合,并添加CH-1超分散剂,以500rpm的转速搅拌300min-60min,形成均匀分散的粘接层原料胶;2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)转光剂与甲苯、乙烯基树脂、CH-1超分散剂的质量比为10:30:100:0.5;
步骤二:将粘接层原料胶涂覆在尼龙薄膜基材层的表面,然后在150℃温度下压膜成型,形成紧密贴合的薄膜基材层和粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
在本实施例制得的农用转光复合塑料膜,薄膜基材层的厚度为100μm,粘接层的厚度为80μm,封合层的厚度为1μm。
将实施例1-3得到的农用转光复合塑料膜用于初春烟苗的培育棚,能够较长时间保持棚内的温度,具体使用数据如表1:
表1:

Claims (9)

1.一种农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述转光复合塑料膜以薄膜为基层,表面涂覆有粘接层,粘接层表面涂覆有液态玻璃封合层;其中,所述粘接层中分散有转光剂;所述液态玻璃封合层为无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂形成的厚度为1-2μm的液态玻璃层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述转光剂包括有机荧光染料类转光剂,所述转光剂包括有机蒽类转光剂、有机芴类转光剂和均三嗪衍生物转光剂中的一种或几种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述有机蒽类转光剂包括蒽及其衍生物、齐聚蒽和高分子聚蒽中的一种或几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述有机芴类转光剂包括芴及其衍生物、齐聚芴和高分子聚芴中的一种或几种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述均三嗪衍生物转光剂包括2,4,6-三(1-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNA-1)和/或2,4,6-三(2-萘乙基)均三嗪(TNNB-1)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述薄膜基层包括聚乙烯层、尼龙层、聚乙烯醇层和聚丙烯层中的一种或几种的组合,厚度为10μm-150μm;所述粘接层包括聚氨酯胶粘层、环氧树脂胶粘层中的一种或几种的组合,厚度为10μm-100μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的农用转光复合塑料膜,其特征在于:所述粘接层中,转光剂的含量为0.1wt%-10wt%。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将转光剂溶于有机溶剂中,超声分散,然后与粘接层原料混合,搅拌均匀,形成粘接层原料胶;
步骤二:将所述粘接层原料胶涂覆在薄膜基材层的表面,然后在100℃-150℃温度下压膜成型,形成粘接层;
步骤三:将无定形氧化硅纳米粉末分散于光敏树脂基体中形成的分散系,喷涂在粘接层表面形成液态玻璃封合层,然后经平整整理得到农用转光复合塑料膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的农用转光复合塑料膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,有机溶剂包括甲苯、苯和二甲亚砜中的一种或几种组合。
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