CN107935654B - Fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs - Google Patents
Fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs Download PDFInfo
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- CN107935654B CN107935654B CN201711241477.9A CN201711241477A CN107935654B CN 107935654 B CN107935654 B CN 107935654B CN 201711241477 A CN201711241477 A CN 201711241477A CN 107935654 B CN107935654 B CN 107935654B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The fermentation equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer by using the mushroom dregs comprises a fermentation part and a feeding part, wherein the feeding part comprises a conveying belt for conveying a tray and a batching roller with a groove on the side wall, the arc length ratio of the groove is the same as that of the batching roller placed into the groove, and an upper cover which is in an open state at the lowest point is arranged on the groove; the fermentation part comprises a fermentation plate, the space enclosed by the fermentation plate is used for accommodating a tray, the fermentation plate is communicated with an air outlet pipeline, an air outlet of the air outlet pipeline is opposite to blades arranged on the batching roller, the tray descends after entering the space enclosed by the fermentation plate through a conveyor belt at a constant speed, the air is extruded at the moment, and the extruded air flow acts as the subsequent power of the batching roller. This scheme is applicable to the recovery of abandonment fungus package and recycles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an enzymology or microbiology device, and particularly relates to fermentation equipment for manufacturing an organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs.
Background
With the development of the edible fungus industry, a large amount of edible fungus dregs are generated every year. The edible fungus residue is a residual material after primary edible fungus decomposition, contains rich organic matters, trace elements, various mycoprotein, metabolites and unutilized nutrient substances, and is an incomparable raw material for producing organic fertilizer from other crop wastes. The edible fungus residues can not be effectively treated in time, so that the waste of agricultural organic resources is avoided, and the pollution to the agricultural ecological environment is also caused. Therefore, the production of the organic fertilizer by using the edible fungus residues is a promising and necessary project.
In the traditional project of using the bacterial dregs to produce organic fertilizer, composting fermentation is an important process. Compost is a product for keeping a good environment, has the characteristics of sustainability of biological treatment, recycling of waste resources and the like, and is commonly used for fermentation treatment of organic solid wastes. In the composting fermentation process, in order to improve the efficiency and quality of composting, a mode of adding exogenous microbial bacteria is often adopted. The equipment for producing the organic fertilizer by using the mushroom dregs usually needs to adjust the temperature and the humidity of the whole equipment; for example, when the bacterial dregs are used for preparing the selenium-rich organic fertilizer, after fermentation for 4 days, air is required to be blown at intervals, the composting temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the water content of raw materials fed into composting fermentation equipment is kept at about 65%.
For the fermentation of organic solids, Chinese patent CN104531521A proposes a tray type solid fermentation device, which comprises a fixed bed with holes in a tank body, a tray for fermentation raw materials arranged on the fixed bed, and a steam device at the bottom of the tank body, wherein the steam device comprises an air compressor, a sterile membrane filtering device communicated with the air compressor, and an automatic heating, cooling and humidifying adjusting device; the gas generated in the air compressor is filtered by the sterile membrane filtering device to become sterile gas, and the sterile gas is adjusted to the temperature suitable for the growth and fermentation of the thalli by the automatic adjusting device for heating, cooling and humidifying, thereby being more beneficial to the growth of the thalli in the fermentation process.
The temperature and the humidity of the air flow output by the air compressor are adjusted, so that the effect of adjusting the temperature and the humidity in the fermentation equipment is achieved.
According to the scheme, the problem of temperature and humidity control of fermentation equipment is solved, however, for the project of using the bacterial residues to manufacture organic fertilizers, the bacterial residues, animal wastes, fermentation strains, sodium nitrite, urea, lime powder for adjusting the pH value and the like are added into raw materials for compost fermentation according to a certain proportion. The above-described solutions do not have this function.
Therefore, the above solution still has the following problems:
1) the proportioning of the fermentation raw materials is difficult, the manual proportioning cost is high, and the fermentation raw materials are manually placed in a tray, so that the labor cost is increased;
2) after the fermentation raw materials are placed in the tray, because the bottom of the tray adopts the net-shaped bottom, the raw materials easily drop into the tray on the lower layer during fermentation, the quantity distribution in the tray is uneven, even the fermentation raw materials in the tray on the lower layer overflow the tray, and the raw materials are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer from mushroom dregs, and aims to solve the problems that fermentation raw materials are difficult to match, the raw materials are polluted by bacteria artificially fed and the raw materials fall off in the composting fermentation process in the prior art.
The fermentation equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer by using the mushroom dregs comprises a fermentation part and a feeding part;
the fermentation part comprises a fermentation cavity and an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system, wherein the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system comprises an air compressor, a steam pipe and an automatic adjusting device with heating, cooling and humidifying functions; the bottom of the fermentation cavity is communicated with an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system;
the feeding part is positioned at one side of the fermentation part and comprises a batching roller and a conveying belt, the circumferential side wall of the batching roller is provided with a groove, so that one raw material is ensured to have only one independent groove, and the arc length ratio of the groove is consistent with the volume ratio of the added raw material; an upper cover is arranged on the groove and can open the groove; the side wall of the batching roller is also fixedly provided with blades which are distributed along the radial direction of the batching roller; the conveying belt is positioned below the batching roller, the conveying belt carries a shallow disc, and the conveying belt carries the shallow disc to the fermentation part; the time of the tray on the conveyor belt moving below the batching roller is consistent with the time of the batching roller rotating for one circle;
the bottom wall of the fermentation cavity is vertically provided with a fermentation plate, the fermentation plate is detachably connected with the bottom wall of the fermentation cavity, the tray is conveyed between the fermentation plates by a conveyor belt, and after the tray falls into the space enclosed by the fermentation plates, the outer boundary of the tray can be contacted with the inner wall of the space enclosed by the fermentation plates;
an air outlet branch hole is formed in the lower portion of the fermentation plate, an air outlet branch pipe is arranged in the air outlet branch hole, a one-way valve is arranged on the air outlet branch pipe, the air outlet branch pipe is communicated with an air outlet header pipe, and an air outlet of the air outlet header pipe is located on one side of the batching roller.
The principle of the basic scheme is as follows: the fermentation part is used for fermenting the mushroom dregs, and the feeding part is used for proportioning the proportion of fermentation raw materials;
the feeding part comprises a batching roller for batching and a conveyor belt for conveying the tray, the tray is used for providing a space for fermenting mushroom dregs, the grooves formed in the circumferential side wall of the batching roller are used for feeding batching, and each groove can be used for feeding a batching, wherein the batching proportion is consistent with the arc length proportion of the groove, so that the batching capacity proportion in the groove is consistent with the required batching volume ratio; the upper cover is arranged on the groove, so that the ingredients in the groove can not be scattered randomly during movement, the groove can be opened by the upper cover, when the groove is positioned at the lowest horizontal point, the ingredients in the groove can be scattered on a tray on a conveyor belt right below the groove, the ingredient roller can rotate, and along with the rotation of the ingredient roller, the grooves on the ingredient roller reach the lowest point in turn, so that the upper cover on the ingredient roller is opened, the ingredients in the grooves are scattered downwards in turn, and the tray on the conveyor belt below the ingredient roller receives the ingredients scattered on the ingredient roller; the batching roller rotates to enable the volume ratio of the batching received by the tray below the batching roller to be consistent with the arc length ratio of the corresponding groove of the batching; the moving direction of the conveyor belt is towards the fermentation part, namely the conveyor belt conveys the tray with the ingredients to the fermentation part for fermentation; the time of the tray carrying the ingredients moving below the batching roller is consistent with the time of one turn of the batching roller under the driving of the conveyor belt, so that the batching roller only scatters the ingredients in each groove on the batching roller once for the tray;
the fermentation plates are vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the fermentation, a space is enclosed between the fermentation plates, the tray with ingredients is conveyed into the enclosed space of the fermentation plates by the conveyor belt, the tray is contacted with the fermentation plates and vertically descends under the action of gravity, the space below the tray is gradually reduced and the pressure is increased because the tray is contacted with the fermentation plates, and because the air outlet branch pipes are arranged in the air outlet branch holes below the fermentation plates, the air below the tray is pressed to the air outlet branch pipes to be converged to the air outlet main pipe, and airflow flows out of the air outlet main pipe; meanwhile, the space above the tray is increased, air suction is carried out above the tray, and the air inlet arranged on the fermentation plate is used for communicating the space above the tray with the fermentation cavity outside the fermentation plate;
the fermentation part comprises a fermentation cavity containing a fermentation plate and an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system, wherein the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system comprises an air compressor, a steam pipe and an automatic adjusting device with heating, cooling and humidifying functions, the system is a known technology, and the working principle of the system is not described again; the temperature and humidity automatic measuring and adjusting system sends steam with proper temperature and humidity into the fermentation cavity; during the falling of the tray, the space above the tray is enlarged, and the enlarged space above the tray absorbs the gas which is filled in the fermentation cavity and has proper temperature and humidity after being regulated by the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and regulating system, so that the aim of improving the temperature and humidity environment in the tray in the falling process of the tray is fulfilled;
because the air outlet branch pipe is provided with the one-way valve, the air in the air outlet branch pipe above the tray cannot be sucked out by the low pressure above the tray; the tray descends slowly under the action of air resistance in the descending process, and because the fermentation plate limits the space below the tray, the air below the tray can only overflow from the air outlet branch pipe after being extruded, so that the air scattering speed below the tray is low, the impact force generated when the upper tray and the lower tray are contacted is reduced to a certain extent, and the tray is prevented from falling from the high altitude and being damaged;
the air outlet of the air outlet main pipe aims at the blades on the batching roller, the air outlet main pipe can blow the blades to push the batching roller to move subsequently, and the rotation of the batching roller needs to be applied by external force before the first tray enters the fermentation part;
the fermentation plates are detachably connected with the bottom wall of the fermentation cavity, so that the fermentation plates can be detached, the fermentation plates are detached, the trays in the space defined by the fermentation plates are vertically aligned and stacked under the limiting action of the fermentation plates on the left side and the right side of each tray, and the trays cannot collapse when the fermentation plates are pulled out; after the fermentation plate is detached, the steam diffusion channel with the appropriate temperature and humidity sent into the fermentation cavity is increased, and the speed of reforming the environment in the fermentation cavity is quicker.
The basic scheme has the beneficial effects that: 1) compared with the prior art that manual material scattering is adopted, the scheme utilizes the rotation of the batching roller to scatter the raw materials in the batching roller to the tray, thereby avoiding manual contact and reducing bacterial pollution;
2) in the scheme, all ingredients are filled in corresponding grooves of the ingredient roller, the volume ratio of the ingredients in the grooves of the ingredient roller is controlled through the length ratio of the arc lengths of the grooves on the ingredient roller, and the ingredient volume ratio received by the tray below the ingredient roller is consistent with the arc length ratio of the corresponding grooves on the ingredient roller due to the uniform rotation of the ingredient roller, so that the effect of accurately controlling the ingredient ratio in the tray is achieved;
3) according to the scheme, the first rotation of the batching roller is pushed by the outside, then the rotation of the batching roller is pushed by wind provided by the air outlet main pipe, the wind in the air outlet main pipe is from the fact that the tray falls into a space defined by the fermentation plate, when the gravity of the tray is reduced, the space below the tray is extruded to increase the pressure intensity of the space below the tray, and the air below the tray is gathered to the air outlet main pipe through the air outlet branch pipe, so that the scheme realizes the self-driving of the batching roller to a certain degree;
4) after the shallow dish fell down, this moment the shallow dish diapire and the shallow dish both sides fermentation board between form a space, along with the gliding of shallow dish, the volume in this space reduces, and the gas in the space is extruded, and the air of shallow dish below can only overflow from the branch pipe of giving vent to anger after being extruded, therefore the air current of shallow dish below scatters slowly, and the impact force when having reduced the contact of upper and lower shallow dish to a certain extent, and the structure of protection shallow dish can not take place to warp.
Furthermore, a fermentation cover is arranged on the fermentation plate, the fermentation cover can completely cover the fermentation cavity, a gas outlet main hole is formed in the fermentation cover, and a gas outlet header pipe is arranged in the gas outlet main hole; the fermentation plate is provided with a conveying opening, one side of the fermentation plate, which is far away from the conveyor belt, is hinged with a conveying door, the conveying door can completely block the conveying opening, the top of the conveying door is hinged with the conveying opening, and the upper part of the fermentation plate is provided with an air inlet; the height of the conveying opening is consistent with that of the conveying belt.
When the tray is conveyed to the conveying opening on the fermentation plate by the conveyor belt, the conveying door on the conveying opening is pushed by the tray to enter a space enclosed by the fermentation plate, and the conveying door is restored to a vertical state again under the action of gravity after the tray enters the conveying door, so that the conveying opening is blocked; the conveying door blocks the conveying opening, and the fermentation cover covers the fermentation cavity, so that the fermentation cavity is in a sealed state; when the tray descends in the space enclosed by the fermentation plate, the part above the tray absorbs gas, the air inlet arranged on the fermentation plate communicates the space above the tray with the fermentation cavity outside the fermentation plate, and the part above the tray absorbs gas which is full of the fermentation cavity and is suitable for temperature and humidity after being adjusted by the temperature and humidity automatic measurement and adjustment system, so that the purpose of improving the temperature and humidity environment in the tray in the process of descending the tray is achieved.
Further, one end of the upper cover is hinged with the groove, and the upper cover can rotate.
Because the recess rotates along with the rotation of batching roller, consequently also rotates with recess articulated upper cover, when the upper cover rotated the minimum, when the recess was in minimum point position promptly, the upper cover received the effect of gravity, and the expansion end of upper cover is rotatory, exposes the recess to reach the batching in the recess and spill the purpose in the shallow dish, and then the batching roller continues to rotate, and the upper cover is because under the action of gravity, with the pin joint with the recess to recess direction internal rotation, reach the effect of closing again.
Further, the groove side wall is provided with a sliding rail, the upper cover is fixedly connected with a sliding plate, the sliding plate can slide on the sliding rail, and the two sides of the sliding plate are close to the upper cover and are provided with material scattering openings.
When the groove is at the lowest point, the upper cover on the groove is also positioned at the lowest point, the upper cover is under the action of gravity, the sliding plate fixedly connected with the upper cover slides downwards along the sliding rail, so that the upper cover moves downwards, the material spreading openings at the positions, close to the upper cover, of the two sides of the sliding plate are also exposed, and the ingredients in the groove are spread out from the material spreading openings; along with the batching roller continues to rotate, the groove gradually moves upwards, the upper cover gradually pushes the sliding plate to retract along the sliding rail under the action of gravity, the sliding rail retracts into the groove, and the upper cover gradually covers the groove.
Further, the upper cover is connected with the bottom wall of the groove through a tension spring.
When the groove is at the lowest point, the upper cover on the groove is also positioned at the lowest point, the upper cover is subjected to the action of gravity and moves downwards, the tension force of the tension spring is balanced with the gravity, the descending upper cover exposes the groove, the ingredients in the groove are scattered out of the groove, then the groove gradually moves upwards along with the continuous rotation of the ingredient roller, the gravity component in the tension direction of the tension spring is smaller originally, and the tension spring pulls the upper cover back to the surface of the groove of the ingredient roller.
Further, the fermentation board includes inner panel and planking, the inner panel passes through slide rail and planking sliding connection, the inner panel is equipped with the hole that admits air, the planking is equipped with admits air outer hole and planking through-hole, when inner panel and planking bottom are on a water flat line, admit air outer hole and the hole of admitting air of the top corresponding.
Considering the problem that the shallow trays stacked gradually can block air outlet branch holes in the fermentation plate, when the shallow trays descend, the air extruded below the shallow trays cannot be discharged from the air outlet branch holes, and further the batching roller cannot work normally, the scheme adopts a plurality of outer plate through holes as air outlet channels, corresponding air outlet branch pipes are arranged on the outer plate through holes, the inner plate is gradually lifted in the process of stacking the shallow trays, and the condition that the outer plate through holes can discharge air always in the space below the shallow trays in the descending process of the shallow trays is ensured (for example, when the first shallow tray falls, the inner plate is not moved; when the second shallow tray falls, the inner plate rises to expose two outer plate through holes, when the third shallow tray falls, the inner plate continues to rise to expose three outer plate through holes, and so on); and in the process of lifting the inner plate, when the air inlet inner plate is not lifted, the air inlet inner hole corresponds to the air inlet outer hole to form an air inlet channel, so that when the tray descends, the air with proper temperature and humidity outside the fermentation plate is sucked in the air inlet channel formed by the air inlet inner hole and the air inlet outer hole, and when the inner plate is lifted, the air inlet inner hole sequentially forms the air inlet channel with the outer plate through hole to finish air inlet of the space above the tray.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a fermentation apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from mushroom dregs according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the fermenting plate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the batching roller in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a material distribution roller in a second embodiment of the fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer from mushroom dregs according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a material mixing roller in a third embodiment of the fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer from mushroom dregs.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a batching roller 1, a conveyor belt 2, a groove 11, an upper cover 12, blades 13, a fermentation plate 3, a tray 4, an air outlet branch pipe 31, an air outlet main pipe 32, a fermentation cover 33, a conveying door 34, an inner plate 35, an outer plate 36, an air inlet inner hole 37, an air inlet outer hole 38 and an outer plate through hole 39.
Note: the conveying door in the scheme is not a common door structure, but a plate structure capable of opening and closing the conveying opening.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the fermentation equipment for producing the organic fertilizer by using the mushroom dregs comprises a fermentation part and a feeding part;
the fermentation part comprises a fermentation cavity and an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system, wherein the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system comprises an air compressor, a steam pipe and an automatic adjusting device with heating, cooling and humidifying functions; the bottom of the fermentation cavity is communicated with an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system; the fermentation part is the prior art, so redundant description is not repeated in the application;
the feeding part is positioned on the left side of the fermentation part and comprises a batching roller 1 and a conveyor belt 2, as shown in fig. 3, the circumferential side wall of the batching roller 1 is provided with grooves 11, the batching roller 1 is used for feeding batching, the grooves 11 are used for accommodating batching, the number of the grooves 11 is consistent with the type of the added raw materials (for example, three kinds of the added raw materials are A, B, C, and the number of the grooves 11 is three), the ratio of the arc lengths of the grooves 11 is consistent with the volume ratio of the added raw materials (for example, the three kinds of the raw materials are A, B, C, the ratio of the raw materials is A: B: C: 3:2:1, the arc length of the groove for placing the raw material A: the arc length of the raw material B: the arc length of the raw material for placing the raw material C: 3:2: 1); the groove 11 is provided with the upper cover 12, so that the ingredients in the groove 11 can not be spilled randomly during movement, the upper cover 12 can be opened to expose the groove 11, one end of the upper cover 12 is hinged with the groove 11, the hinged point of the upper cover 12 and the groove 11 is a base end, and the movable end of the upper cover 12 can rotate; when the upper cover 12 is at the lowest point of the horizontal position of the groove 11, the upper cover 12 rotates along a hinge point with the groove 11 under the action of gravity, so that the groove 11 is opened, and the groove 11 can be opened when the groove 11 is at the lowest point;
as shown in fig. 1, the conveyor belt 2 is positioned below the batching roller 1, and the tray 4 is arranged on the conveyor belt 2, so that the batching in the opened groove 11 can be sprinkled to the tray 4 on the conveyor belt 2 right below; with the rotation of the batching roller 1, the grooves 11 on the batching roller 1 alternately reach the lowest point, so that the upper cover 12 on the batching roller 1 is opened alternately to scatter the batching in the grooves 11 into the tray 4 below the grooves 11; then the batching roller 1 continues to rotate, the upper cover 12 rotates towards the groove 11 by taking a hinge point with the groove 11 as a base point under the action of gravity, and the effect of covering again is achieved;
the conveyor belt 2 is conveyed to a fermentation part, namely the conveyor belt 2 conveys the tray 4 with the ingredients to the fermentation part for fermentation; the conveying speed of the conveying belt 2 for conveying the ingredients ensures that the time of the tray 4 on the conveying belt 2 moving below the ingredient roller 1 is consistent with the time of one rotation of the ingredient roller 1, and ensures that the ingredient roller rotates exactly one rotation when the tray 4 passes below the ingredient roller, the ingredients on the tray are scattered once by the ingredient roller (the ingredient roller 1 finishes the scattering of A, B, C), and the volume ratio of the ingredients in the tray 4 is consistent with the arc length ratio corresponding to the grooves 11 (namely, the ingredient A in the tray, the ingredient B in the tray, the ingredient C in the tray, the arc length of the groove 11 where the ingredient A is located, the arc length of the groove 11 where the ingredient B is located, and the arc length of the groove 11 where the ingredient C is located, are 3:2: 1);
as shown in fig. 1, the fermentation cavity comprises a bottom wall, a fermentation plate 3 and a fermentation cover 33, the fermentation plate 3 is perpendicular to the bottom wall, the fermentation plate 3 and the bottom wall are detachably connected (in the scheme, joggled joint is adopted), and the mode of detachable connection is convenient for later recovery of the fermentation plate; the fermentation cover 33 is arranged above the fermentation plate 3, and the fermentation cover 33 can completely cover the fermentation cavity; the fermentation plate 3 is provided with an air outlet branch hole, an air outlet branch pipe 31 is arranged in the air outlet branch hole, and the air outlet branch pipe 31 is provided with a one-way valve; the fermentation cover 33 is provided with a gas outlet main hole, a gas outlet main pipe 32 is arranged in the gas outlet main hole, the gas outlet branch pipe 31 is communicated with the gas outlet main pipe 32, and a gas outlet hole of the gas outlet main pipe 32 is positioned on one side of the batching roller 1.
The fermentation plate 3 is vertically arranged on the bottom wall of the fermentation, a space is enclosed between the fermentation plates 3, the tray 4 with ingredients is conveyed into the enclosed space of the fermentation plates 3 by the conveyor belt 2, namely when the tray 4 is conveyed to the conveying opening on the fermentation plate 3 by the conveyor belt 2, the conveying door 34 on the conveying opening is pushed open by the tray 4 to enter the space enclosed by the fermentation plates 3, and the conveying door 34 is restored to the vertical state again under the action of gravity after the tray 4 enters, so that the conveying opening is blocked; since the delivery door 34 blocks the delivery opening and the fermentation part is covered by the fermentation cover 33, the fermentation part is in a sealed state;
the tray 4 is contacted with the fermentation plate 3, the tray 4 vertically descends under the action of gravity, the space below the tray 4 is gradually reduced and the pressure is increased due to the contact of the tray 4 and the fermentation plate 3, the air below the tray 4 is pressed to the air outlet branch pipes 31 due to the communication of the fermentation plate 3 and the air outlet branch pipes 31, the air outlet branch pipes 31 are converged to the air outlet header pipe 32, and airflow flows out of the air outlet header pipe 32;
because the gas outlet branch pipe 31 is provided with the one-way valve, the gas in the gas outlet branch pipe 31 above the tray 4 cannot be sucked out by the low pressure above the tray 4; the shallow tray 4 descends slowly due to the action of air resistance in the descending process, because the fermentation plate 3 limits the space below the shallow tray 4, the air below the shallow tray 4 can only overflow from the air outlet branch pipe 31 after being extruded, so that the air flow-off speed below the shallow tray 4 is slow, the impact force generated when the upper and lower shallow trays 4 are contacted is reduced to a certain extent, and the damage caused by the falling of the shallow tray 4 from the high altitude is avoided;
meanwhile, when the tray 4 descends in the space enclosed by the fermentation plate 3 under the action of gravity, the space above the tray 4 is gradually increased, the part above the tray 4 absorbs gas, the gas inlet arranged on the fermentation plate 3 communicates the space above the tray 4 with the fermentation cavity outside the fermentation plate 3, and the space above the tray 4 absorbs gas which is filled in the fermentation cavity and has proper temperature and humidity after being adjusted by the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system, so that the aim of improving the temperature and humidity environment in the tray 4 in the descending process of the tray 4 is fulfilled;
in order to provide power for the batching roller 1, the blades 13 are fixedly arranged on the side wall of the batching roller 1 along the radial direction of the batching roller, the air outlet of the air outlet header pipe 32 is arranged on one side of the batching roller 1, so that air blown out from the air outlet is over against the blades 13 on the batching roller 1, and the air outlet header pipe 32 can blow the blades 13 to push the batching roller 1 to move subsequently; when the shallow tray 4 descends, air below the shallow tray 4 is extruded into the air outlet branch pipes in the air outlet branch holes, and then the air outlet air pipes collect the air into the air outlet main pipe 32;
it is worth noting that before the first tray 4 enters the fermentation part, the rotation of the batching roller 1 needs the application of external relay force, and the batching roller 1 can be driven to rotate by the wind blown out from the air outlet at the later stage, the specific process is as follows: when the trays 4 are driven by the conveyor belt 2 to sequentially enter the fermentation part, and the spacing distances between the trays 4 on the conveyor belt 2 are the same, so that the time intervals between the trays 4 entering the fermentation part are the same, in this way, only one tray 4 enters the fermentation part in the same interval time period, that is, the tray 4 intermittently extrudes the space enclosed by the fermentation plates 3 below the tray 4, the pressure of the space below the tray 4 is increased, the air below the tray 4 is converged to the air outlet main pipe 32 through the air outlet branch pipe 31, the air outlet main pipe 32 pushes the blades 13 to rotate so as to drive the batching roller 1 to rotate, and the air outlet main pipe 32 intermittently provides rotating power for the batching roller 1.
Considering the problem that the shallow trays 4 stacked gradually can block the air outlet holes on the fermentation plate 3, so that air cannot be discharged, and the batching roller 1 cannot work normally; the scheme also makes the following optimization: a conveying opening is formed in the fermenting plate 3, a conveying door 34 is hinged to one side, far away from the conveyor belt 2, of the fermenting plate 3, the conveying opening can be completely blocked by the conveying door 34, the top of the conveying door 34 is hinged to the fermenting plate 3, and an air inlet is formed in the upper portion of the fermenting plate 3; the height of the conveying opening is consistent with that of the conveyor belt 2, so that the tray 4 on the conveyor belt 2 can enter a space enclosed by the fermentation plate 3; the distance between the fermentation plates 3 is consistent with the length of the tray 4, so that after the tray 4 is conveyed between the fermentation plates 3, the outer boundary of the tray 4 can be in contact with the fermentation plates at two ends of the tray 4;
as shown in fig. 2, the fermenting plate 3 comprises an inner plate 35 and an outer plate 36, the inner plate 35 is connected with the outer plate 36 in a sliding manner through a sliding rail, the inner plate 35 is provided with an air inlet inner hole 37, the outer plate 36 is provided with an air inlet outer hole 38, when the bottoms of the inner plate 35 and the outer plate 36 are on a horizontal line, the air inlet inner hole 37 corresponds to the air inlet outer hole 38, and the outer plate 36 is uniformly provided with outer plate through holes 39; in the scheme, a plurality of outer plate through holes 39 are used as air outlet channels, the inner plate 35 is gradually lifted in the stacking process of the tray 4, and the outer plate through holes 39 in the space below the tray 4 can be used for exhausting air in the descending process of the tray 4 (for example, when the first tray falls, the inner plate is not moved; when the second tray falls, the inner plate rises to expose two outer plate through holes 39, when the third tray falls, the inner plate continues to rise to expose three outer plate through holes, and the like); and in the process that the inner plate 35 is lifted, when the air inlet inner plate is not lifted, the air inlet inner hole 37 corresponds to the air inlet outer hole 38 to form an air inlet channel, so that when the tray 4 descends, the space above the tray 4 absorbs air with appropriate temperature and humidity outside the fermentation plate 3 from the air inlet channel formed by the air inlet inner hole 37 and the air inlet outer hole 38, and when the inner plate 35 is lifted, the air inlet inner hole 37 sequentially forms an air inlet channel with the outer plate through hole 39, so that air inlet of the space above the tray 4 is also completed.
Example two
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the way of opening the groove by the upper cover 12 is shown in fig. 4, the side wall of the groove 11 is provided with a slide rail, the upper cover 12 is fixedly connected with a sliding plate, the sliding plate can slide on the slide rail, and the two sides of the sliding plate are close to the upper cover 12 and provided with a material spreading port.
When the groove 11 is at the lowest point, the upper cover 12 on the groove 11 is also at the lowest point, the upper cover 12 and the sliding plate fixedly connected with the upper cover 12 are under the action of gravity, so that the upper cover 12 and the sliding plate both move downwards along the sliding rail, the material spreading ports at the positions, close to the upper cover 12, of the two sides of the sliding plate are also exposed, and the ingredients in the groove 11 are spread out from the material spreading ports; as the batching roller 1 continues to rotate, the groove 11 gradually goes upwards, the upper cover 12 is gradually pushed by the gravity to retract along the sliding rails, the sliding rails retract into the groove 11, and the upper cover 12 gradually covers the groove 11.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the present solution and the first embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 5, the upper cover 12 is connected with the bottom wall of the groove 11 through a tension spring.
When the groove 11 is at the lowest point, the upper cover 12 on the groove 11 is also at the lowest point, the upper cover 12 is under the action of gravity and moves downwards, the tension of the tension spring is balanced with the gravity, the descending upper cover 12 exposes the groove 11, the ingredients in the groove 11 are scattered out of the groove 11, then the groove 11 gradually moves upwards along with the continuous rotation of the ingredient roller 1, the gravity component along the tension direction of the tension spring is smaller originally, and the tension spring pulls the upper cover 12 back to the surface of the groove 11 of the ingredient roller 1.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The fermentation equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer by the mushroom dregs comprises a feeding part and a fermentation part;
the fermentation part comprises a fermentation cavity and an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system, wherein the automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system comprises an air compressor, a steam pipe and an automatic adjusting device with heating, cooling and humidifying functions; the bottom of the fermentation cavity is communicated with an automatic temperature and humidity measuring and adjusting system;
the feeding part is positioned at one side of the fermentation part and comprises a batching roller and a conveying belt, the circumferential side wall of the batching roller is provided with a groove, so that one raw material is ensured to have only one independent groove, and the arc length ratio of the groove is consistent with the volume ratio of the added raw material; an upper cover is arranged on the groove and can open the groove; the side wall of the batching roller is also fixedly provided with blades which are distributed along the radial direction of the batching roller; the conveying belt is positioned below the batching roller, the conveying belt carries a shallow disc, and the conveying belt carries the shallow disc to the fermentation part; the time of the tray on the conveyor belt moving below the batching roller is consistent with the time of the batching roller rotating for one circle;
the bottom wall of the fermentation cavity is vertically provided with a fermentation plate, the fermentation plate is detachably connected with the bottom wall of the fermentation cavity, the tray is conveyed between the fermentation plates by a conveyor belt, and after the tray falls into the space enclosed by the fermentation plates, the outer boundary of the tray can be contacted with the inner wall of the space enclosed by the fermentation plates;
an air outlet branch hole is formed in the lower portion of the fermentation plate, an air outlet branch pipe is arranged in the air outlet branch hole, a one-way valve is arranged on the air outlet branch pipe, the air outlet branch pipe is communicated with an air outlet header pipe, and an air outlet of the air outlet header pipe is located on one side of the batching roller.
2. The fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation equipment comprises: a fermentation cover is arranged on the fermentation plate, the fermentation cover can completely cover the fermentation cavity, a gas outlet main hole is formed in the fermentation cover, and a gas outlet header pipe is arranged in the gas outlet main hole; the fermentation plate is provided with a conveying opening, one side of the fermentation plate, which is far away from the conveyor belt, is hinged with a conveying door, the conveying door can completely block the conveying opening, the top of the conveying door is hinged with the conveying opening, and the upper part of the fermentation plate is provided with an air inlet; the height of the conveying opening is consistent with that of the conveying belt.
3. The fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation equipment comprises: one end of the upper cover is hinged with the groove, and the upper cover can rotate.
4. The fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation equipment comprises: the groove side wall is provided with a sliding rail, the upper cover is fixedly connected with a sliding plate, the sliding plate can slide on the sliding rail, and two sides of the sliding plate are close to the upper cover and provided with a material scattering port.
5. The fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation equipment comprises: the upper cover is connected with the bottom wall of the groove through a tension spring.
6. The fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fermentation equipment comprises: the fermentation board includes inner panel and planking, the inner panel passes through slide rail and planking sliding connection, the inner panel is equipped with the hole that admits air, the planking is equipped with admits air outer hole and planking through-hole, when inner panel and planking bottom are on a water flat line, admit air the outer hole corresponding with the hole that admits air of the top.
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| CN201711241477.9A CN107935654B (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | Fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs |
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| CN201711241477.9A CN107935654B (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | Fermentation equipment for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom dregs |
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| CN107935654B true CN107935654B (en) | 2020-09-29 |
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| CN104230400A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-24 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Device for quick resourceful treatment of kitchen wastes |
| CN104531521A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-22 | 福建农大科技开发总公司 | Shallow dish type solid fermenting equipment |
| CN204281624U (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 桐乡市恒易生物科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer fermenting apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AT402207B (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1997-03-25 | Johannes Zimmer | METHOD FOR SELECTING OR COMBINABLE EDITING OF SHAPED MATERIAL |
| CN1842466A (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-10-04 | I.M.A.工业机械自动装置股份公司 | Dosing device for feeding an infusion product |
| CN101496574A (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-05 | 华东理工大学 | Closed type solid fermentation reaction device |
| CN103693829A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 常州市新港热电有限公司 | Sludge treatment equipment and process |
| CN104230400A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-24 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Device for quick resourceful treatment of kitchen wastes |
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