CN107926670A - A kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp - Google Patents
A kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp Download PDFInfo
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- CN107926670A CN107926670A CN201711228022.3A CN201711228022A CN107926670A CN 107926670 A CN107926670 A CN 107926670A CN 201711228022 A CN201711228022 A CN 201711228022A CN 107926670 A CN107926670 A CN 107926670A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp.Cultured water plant level ground in device is taken out in engineer application, water plant level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus by the present invention out of device, and places stone or sand is fixed.Being laid with wet land system after completing 35 days can run.The water plant level ground can also be trimmed to required size and height as needed, so as to greatly improve the operating efficiency of plant culture in artificial swamp engineering, cost is built in reduction, is conducive to the large-scale promotion application of artificial swamp.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological environment technical field of water body purification, and in particular to a kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method
With the application in artificial swamp.
Background technology
Artificial marsh sewage treatment system is that the one kind to grow up on the basis of natural or semi-natural wet land system is dirty
Water technology, has the advantages such as cost low, energy consumption is small, excellent effect.Wetland plant, microorganism, medium are artificial swamps
Basic to form, wherein wetland plant is not only able to directly intake and utilizes nutriment in sewage, and conveys oxygen to root area,
Meet requirement of the root-zone microorganism growth and breeding to oxygen.Therefore plant plays highly important effect in wet land system.
At present in the engineer application of artificial swamp, the cultivation of water plant mainly has two kinds of approach：First, put cultivation in bottom of pond
Soil is planted, water plant is planted in burying, this mode quantities is big, and material requested is more, and time-consuming, and survival rate is low；Second, by
Water plant is planted into container and submerged, and this mode is transplanted uneven, and it is normal in artificial swamp that container influences plant
Growth, reduces the operational efficiency of artificial swamp.It can be seen from the above, the artificial swamp aquatic plant cultivation mode used at present exists
The extensive use of artificial swamp is limited to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, inventor is through long-term technology and practical exploration, there is provided a kind of water plant
Level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp.The present invention carries out preculture, shape in culture vessel to water plant
Directly it is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus after into water plant level ground, so that constructed wetland plant cultivation survival rate is greatly improved,
Reduce engineer operation amount and engineering cost.
The first aspect of the invention, discloses a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground, including：
1) it is laid with vermiculite power in culture apparatus bottom and forms vermiculite bisque, by the uniform cuttage of water plant seedling in vermiculite power
Surface；
2) fixed bed is set on the vermiculite power surface of cuttage water plant seedling, so as to reach fixed water plant, makes
The purpose that water plant root system is contacted with vermiculite power holding；
3) water filling into culture apparatus, adjusts water level in culture apparatus, when cultivating one section according to aquatic plants growth situation
Between, water plant plant strain growth, water plant root system is interlaced in matrix each other so that water plant is joined into whole
Body, forms water plant level ground；
Preferably, the culture apparatus is the container class device that PVC board or rigid plastics glue system form, the culture dress
Putting specification can be adjusted according to needed for practical application, it is further preferred that the culture apparatus specification for L200-500cm ×
W100-300cm×H50-100cm；
Preferably, the vermiculite powder layer thickness is 1~4cm (being most preferably 2cm)；
Preferably, the fixed bed be Tao Sha, mountain flour or quartz sand in any one or more, the fixed layer thickness
For 0.5~2cm (being most preferably 1cm)；
Preferably, the water plant is submerged plant or fluitante,
It is further preferred that the submerged plant grows bud, eel grass seedling, black algae strain section or waterweed strain section for water caltrop；Institute
Fluitante is stated as floating heart seedling or frogbit strain section；
Preferably, other devices such as plant lamp, shading tent, spray tube are additionally provided with the culture apparatus, according to water
Plant carries out the demand of environment collocation use, improves culture efficiency, and causes culture from season environmental restrictions；
The second aspect of the invention, discloses the water plant level ground that above-mentioned cultural method culture obtains；
The third aspect of the invention, discloses application of the above-mentioned water plant level ground in artificial swamp.
Specifically, the application mode is：The water plant level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus as wet
Ground plant；Since wetland plant is not planted directly in artificial swamp hypothallus, Root of Wetland Plants is penetrating matrix process
In played dredging effect, so as to improve matrix pores rate, transmit the waterpower of matrix and strengthened and maintained, while to be micro-
The growth of biology provides space and oxygen, so as to improve the stability of artificial swamp operation, reduces operating cost, reduces at the same time
Root system of plant is to the lateral compacting of hypothallus, so as to effectively slow down substrate clogging time and degree；
The artificial swamp includes surface flow artificial marshland, horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land, vertical subsurface flow wetland, preferably
, the artificial swamp is surface flow artificial marshland；Since surface flow artificial marshland top layer has preferable oxygen-enriched ability so that manually
Wet land system can effectively remove removal organic polluter, be experimentally verified that, the artificial wet land system treated sewage excellent effect；
The fourth aspect of the invention, discloses a kind of construction method of artificial swamp, the described method includes：By the water
Plant level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus, is then laid with stone on water plant level ground surface or sand is fixed；Then
The water filling into artificial swamp, artificial swamp are constructed completion and are run；
Preferably, the artificial swamp is surface flow artificial marshland.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) present invention is substantially increased the survival rate of constructed wetland plant cultivation, is reduced by the preculture of water plant
Engineer operation amount；It is that growth is managed in culture apparatus, so that water simultaneously as in the water plant preculture stage
Plant growing way is more consistent, and water plant root system disk knot, forms a unified entirety, i.e. water plant level ground, effectively improves
The resistance of water plant, so as to improve water plant survival rate；
(2) the configuration of the present invention is simple, convenient transportation is quick, easily operated, can reduce engineering cost, is conducive to extensive
Promote and apply；
(3) water plant selected by the present invention, it has therefore proved that pollutant in water is removed to artificial swamp with many
Advantageous effect, purification efficiency is high, high treating effect；
(4) the highdensity root structure in water plant level ground has Wetland Substrate very strong penetration, is formed in media as well
Many small gaps, strengthen matrix gas porosity, while for the growth of microorganism provide space and oxygen, so that matrix
Waterpower transmission strengthened and maintained, improve artificial swamp operation stability, reduce operating cost；Due to wetland plant simultaneously
Directly plantation does not reduce lateral compacting of the root system of plant to hypothallus, so as to effectively slow down matrix in artificial swamp hypothallus
Duration of congestion and degree；Meanwhile the convenient renewal subsequently to water plant is replaced, thus extend artificial swamp service life and
The time limit；
The present invention takes out on cultured water plant level ground in device, by water plant in engineer application out of device
Level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus, and places stone or sand is fixed.Being laid with wet land system after completing 3-5 days can transport
OK.The water plant level ground can also be trimmed to required size and height as needed, so as to greatly improve in artificial swamp engineering
The operating efficiency of plant culture, reduction build cost, are conducive to the large-scale promotion application of artificial swamp.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram that the embodiment of the present invention 1 cultivates water caltrop lawn；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram that the embodiment of the present invention 2 cultivates eel grass lawn；
In figure, 1 is vermiculite bisque, and 2 be fixed bed, and 3 be PVC material culture vessel, and 4 be spray tube, and 5 be plant lamp, and 6 are
Shading tent.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all illustrative, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another
Indicate, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As it was previously stated, the planting type of water plant limits artificial swamp to a certain extent in artificial swamp at present
Using.
In view of this, in a kind of embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground, bag
Include：
1) it is laid with vermiculite power in culture apparatus bottom and forms vermiculite bisque, by the uniform cuttage of water plant seedling in vermiculite power
Surface；
2) fixed bed is set on the vermiculite power surface of cuttage water plant seedling, so as to reach fixed water plant, makes
The purpose that water plant root system is contacted with vermiculite power holding；
3) water filling into culture apparatus, adjusts water level in culture apparatus, when cultivating one section according to aquatic plants growth situation
Between, water plant plant strain growth, water plant root system is interlaced in matrix each other so that water plant is joined into whole
Body, forms water plant level ground；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the culture apparatus is that PVC board or rigid plastics glue system form
Container class device, the culture apparatus specification can be adjusted according to needed for practical application, it is further preferred that the culture dress
It is L200-500cm × W100-300cm × H50-100cm to put specification；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the vermiculite powder layer thickness is 1~4cm (be most preferably 2cm), vermiculite
Powder footpath is 1-2mm, above-mentioned vermiculite power thickness and particle diameter, is conducive to water plant and fixes and be beneficial to root system take root extension；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the fixed bed is any one in Tao Sha, mountain flour or quartz sand
Or it is a variety of, the fixed layer thickness is 0.5~2cm (being most preferably 1cm), and the Tao Sha, mountain flour or quartz sand particle size are 0.5-
1mm；Above-mentioned fixed layer thickness and particle diameter are conducive to the fixation of water plant；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the water plant is submerged plant or fluitante,
The present invention still another embodiment in, the submerged plant for water caltrop grow bud, eel grass seedling, black algae strain section or
Waterweed strain section；The fluitante is floating heart seedling or frogbit strain section；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, plant lamp, shading tent, spray are additionally provided with the culture apparatus
Other devices such as pipe, the demand of environment is carried out collocation use according to water plant, improves culture efficiency, and cause culture from
Season environmental restrictions；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the water plant level ground that above-mentioned cultural method culture obtains；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided application of the above-mentioned water plant level ground in artificial swamp.
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the application mode is：The water plant level ground is layed in manually
Wetland plant is used as on Wetland Substrate layer；
The artificial swamp includes surface flow artificial marshland, horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land, vertical subsurface flow wetland, preferably
, the artificial swamp is surface flow artificial marshland；Since surface flow artificial marshland top layer has preferable oxygen-enriched ability so that manually
Wet land system can effectively remove removal organic polluter, be experimentally verified that, the artificial wet land system treated sewage excellent effect；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kind of construction method of artificial swamp, the described method includes：
The water plant level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus, then stone is laid with water plant level ground surface or sand is consolidated
It is fixed；And water filling in backward artificial swamp, artificial swamp are constructed completion and are run；
In the still another embodiment of the present invention, the artificial swamp is surface flow artificial marshland；
Below by embodiment, the operation to the present invention, is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Research shows that water caltrop is suitable for improving artificial wetland winter operation efficiency, therefore device for raising seedlings is in 20 day operation of August.Such as
Shown in Fig. 1, design-build length is respectively the PVC material culture vessel 3 of 200cm, 100cm, 60cm specification.Container bottom
For vermiculite bisque 1, thickness 2cm, vermiculite power particle diameter is 1-2mm.Water caltrop is grown into bud vermiculite bisque 1 is uniformly sprinkling upon with suitable distance
On.In order to which bud is grown in fixation, it is ensured that grow bud and come into full contact with vermiculite power, set fixed bed 2 in the superiors, thickness 1cm, selects material
Expect that for mountain flour, mountain flour particle diameter be 0.5-1mm.After cuttage, intake using water pump with recycle stream, water inlet to flooding fixed bed 2,
Height of water level is arranged to 2cm.Daily observation water level, it is ensured that water flooding water caltrop seedling.After water plant level ground is cultivated 20-30 days,
Grown to water caltrop seedling to 4-5cm, water plant forms the level ground shape structure of 200*100cm in culture vessel 3, mutual due to root system
It is tortuous water caltrop is joined into entirety, water caltrop water plant level ground is formed, water plant level ground can conveniently take out at this time, applied to wet
Among ground engineering and reactor.
Using above-mentioned water plant level ground carry out surface flow artificial marshland structure when, by cultured water plant level ground in device from
Rise in device, be laid immediately on Wetland Substrate layer, and to appropriate fine sand is sprinkled on water plant level ground, play fixation
The effect on water plant level ground.After water plant level ground is fixed, intake into wetland, run artificial swamp.With the growth of plant, root
Fasten in matrix, realize plantation of the water plant in artificial swamp engineering.
Embodiment 2
Device is cultivated in spring, substantially the same manner as Example 1, and it is respectively 300cm, 200cm, 50cm rule to select length
The PVC material culture vessel 3 of lattice, container bottom are vermiculite bisque 1, and thickness 2cm, vermiculite power particle diameter is 1-2mm.Difference is such as
Under：Selection plant is eel grass seedling, uniformly transplants the eel grass seedling to have sprouted in vermiculite bisque 1 according to suitable distance.
2 material therefor of fixed bed is that particle diameter 1-2mm Tao Sha, Tao Sha thickness are 1cm, plays fixed plant.Each layer of device has been built
Bi Hou, adds tap water to flooding eel grass seedling apical just.During follow-up operation, water level is improved with the growth of eel grass.
Using above-mentioned water plant level ground carry out surface flow artificial marshland structure when, by cultured water plant level ground in device from
Rise in device, be laid immediately on Wetland Substrate layer, and to appropriate fine sand is sprinkled on water plant level ground, it is aquatic to play fixation
The effect of lawn.After water plant level ground is fixed, intake into wetland, run artificial swamp.With the growth of plant, root system is pricked
Enter in matrix, realize plantation of the water plant in artificial swamp engineering.
Embodiment 3
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, select the PVC material culture that length is respectively 200cm, 200cm, 60cm specification
Container 3, container bottom are vermiculite bisque 1, and thickness 2cm, vermiculite power particle diameter is 1-2mm.In the superiors, fixed bed 2 is set, it is thick
It is mountain flour to spend for 1cm, the selection of material, and mountain flour particle diameter is 0.5-1mm.Difference is as follows：Selection plant is black algae, according to suitably away from
From by black algae strain the uniform cuttage of section in vermiculite bisque 1.After each layer of device is built, tap water is added to flooding black algae just
Strain section top.During follow-up operation, water level is improved with the growth of black algae.
Using above-mentioned water plant level ground carry out surface flow artificial marshland structure when, be laid immediately on Wetland Substrate layer it
On, and to appropriate fine sand is sprinkled on water plant level ground, play the role of fixed water plant level ground.After water plant level ground is fixed, to
Water inlet in wetland, runs artificial swamp.With the growth of plant, root system is penetrated in matrix, realizes water plant in Manual moist
Plantation in ground engineering.
Embodiment 4
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, select the PVC material culture that length is respectively 400cm, 300cm, 50cm specification
Container 3, container bottom are vermiculite bisque 1, and thickness 2cm, vermiculite power particle diameter is 1-2mm.In the superiors, fixed bed 2 is set, it is thick
It is mountain flour to spend for 1cm, the selection of material, and mountain flour particle diameter is 0.5-1mm.Difference is as follows：Selection plant is waterweed, according to suitable
Distance is by the waterweed strain uniform cuttage of section in vermiculite bisque 1.Each layer of device after setting completed, adds tap water to flooding just
Waterweed strain section top.During follow-up operation, water level is improved with the growth of waterweed.Since waterweed is suitable for improving manually
Wetland winter operation efficiency, therefore device is in 5 day operation of August.Install plant lamp 5 additional, enough light is provided for the growth of waterweed
According to.
Using above-mentioned water plant level ground carry out surface flow artificial marshland structure when, by cultured water plant level ground in device from
Rise in device, be laid immediately on Wetland Substrate layer, and to appropriate fine sand is sprinkled on water plant level ground, play fixation
The effect on water plant level ground.After water plant level ground is fixed, intake into wetland, run artificial swamp.With the growth of plant, root
Fasten in matrix, realize plantation of the water plant in artificial swamp engineering.
Embodiment 5
Device spring and summer season run, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, select length be respectively 400cm, 200cm,
The PVC material culture vessel 3 of 50cm specifications, container bottom are vermiculite bisque 1, and thickness 2cm, vermiculite power particle diameter is 1-2mm.
The superiors set fixed bed 2, and thickness 1cm, the selection of material is mountain flour, and mountain flour particle diameter is 0.5-1mm.Difference is as follows：Select
Fluitante floating heart seedling or frogbit strain section, according to suitable distance by plant seedlings or the uniform cuttage of strain section in vermiculite bisque 1.
After each layer of device is built, tap water, depth of water 2-3cm are added.It can be set in the present embodiment according to season and intensity of illumination change
Put corresponding shading tent 6, plant lamp 5.
Using above-mentioned water plant level ground carry out surface flow artificial marshland structure when, by cultured water plant level ground in device from
Rise in device, first intake into wetland, after the completion of water inlet, fluitante duckweed is placed directly within the wetland water surface.With plant
The growth of thing, root system are penetrated in matrix, realize plantation of the water plant in artificial swamp engineering.
Experimental example 1
Water caltrop being planted on artificial swamp hypothallus with 1 same period of embodiment and growing bud, and fixed bed is set, fixed layer thickness is
1cm, the selection of material are mountain flour, and mountain flour particle diameter is 0.5-1mm, 1 water plant level ground transferred labor wetland of example to be performed and thereto
While water filling is run, water filling is carried out to this experimental example, the two runs at the same time, and Testing index is as follows after running 8 months：
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the application, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground, it is characterised in that step includes：
1) it is laid with vermiculite power in culture apparatus bottom and forms vermiculite bisque, by the uniform cuttage of water plant seedling in vermiculite power table
Face；
2) fixed bed is set on the vermiculite power surface of cuttage water plant seedling, so as to reach fixed water plant, makes aquatic
The purpose that root system of plant is contacted with vermiculite power holding；
3) water filling into culture apparatus, water level in culture apparatus, culture a period of time, water are adjusted according to aquatic plants growth situation
Plant plant strain growth, water plant root system are interlaced in matrix each other so that water plant is joined into entirety, is formed
Water plant level ground.
2. a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture apparatus is PVC board
Or the container class device that rigid plastics glue system forms, the culture apparatus specification can be adjusted according to needed for practical application, institute
It is L200-500cm × W100-300cm × H50-100cm to state culture apparatus specification.
A kind of 3. cultural method on water plant level ground as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the vermiculite powder layer thickness for 1~
4cm (being preferably 2cm).
4. a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fixed bed is Tao Sha, mountain flour
Or any one or more in quartz sand, the fixed layer thickness are 0.5~2cm (being preferably 1cm).
5. a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the water plant is submerged plant
Or fluitante；The submerged plant grows bud, eel grass seedling, black algae strain section or waterweed strain section for water caltrop；The fluitante
For floating heart seedling or frogbit strain section.
6. a kind of cultural method on water plant level ground as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also set up on the culture apparatus
There are plant lamp, shading tent, spray tube.
7. the water plant level ground that the cultural method culture as described in claim any one of 1-6 obtains.
8. application of the water plant level ground as claimed in claim 7 in artificial swamp.
9. application as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the application mode is：The water plant level ground is layed in people
Wetland plant is used as on work Wetland Substrate layer；
The artificial swamp includes surface flow artificial marshland, horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land, vertical subsurface flow wetland, it is preferred that institute
It is surface flow artificial marshland to state artificial swamp.
10. a kind of construction method of artificial swamp, it is characterised in that construction method includes：By described in claim any one of 1-6
Water plant level ground is layed on artificial swamp hypothallus, is then laid with stone on water plant level ground surface or sand is fixed；And
Water filling in backward artificial swamp, artificial swamp are constructed completion and are run；
Wherein, the artificial swamp is surface flow artificial marshland.
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| CN201711228022.3A CN107926670A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp |
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| CN201711228022.3A CN107926670A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of water plant level ground and its cultural method and the application in artificial swamp |
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| 赵道全: "《现代渔业提升工程·水产标准化健康养殖丛书 鲟鱼标准化健康养殖技术》", 31 July 2015, 中原农民出版社 * |
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