CN107926199A - 一种番茄种子抗病处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于番茄种植技术领域,尤其是一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,具体方法如下:(1)获取番茄种子;(2)将番茄种子冷冻干燥至含水率为20%~25%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理;所述的浸种剂,由以下原料制成:丙氨酸、没食子酸、山奈酚、聚丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、硫酸锌、水;(3)微波干燥至含水率为14%~18%;不但促进番茄种子细胞的伸长、分裂和分化,使胚快速成长,而且有效促进番茄种子体内三磷酸腺苷的合成,促进酶的活化,促进种子内抗病因子的形成,有效促进种子抗逆性的提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于番茄种植技术领域,尤其是一种番茄种子抗病处理方法。
背景技术
番茄,是茄科番茄属一年生或多年生草本植物,体高0.6~2米,全体生粘质腺毛,有强烈气味,茎易倒伏,叶羽状复叶或羽状深裂,花序总梗长2~5厘米,常3~7朵花,花萼辐状,花冠辐状,浆果扁球状或近球状,肉质而多汁液,种子黄色,花果期夏秋季;番茄营养丰富,具特殊风味,可以生食、煮食、加工番茄酱、汁或整果罐藏,中国是西红柿的主要生产国之一,其应用价值与营养价值是不可替代的,其市场需求量非常大。
但是在西红柿的种植过程中,由于种子的处理方法不当,不但导致其发芽率低,而且播种后极易发生病害,从而对番茄的生产造成极大不良影响;因此,发明一种能够有效解决以上问题的番茄种子的处理方法能够有效促进番茄的生产。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种番茄种子抗病处理方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,具体方法如下:
(1)从番茄植株上采摘熟透、生长健壮的番茄,切开挖取出带番茄籽的汁液,加入重量为其重量0.5~0.6倍量、质量分数为0.12%~0.16%的黄腐酸钾溶液混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为31~35℃的发酵箱内恒温发酵9~10h,取出,用清水冲洗干净,得番茄种子;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的番茄种子置入温度为-8~-6℃的冷冻干燥箱干燥至含水率为20%~25%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡30~35min并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理19~23min;
所述的浸种剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:丙氨酸2.4~2.8份、没食子酸0.7~0.9份、山奈酚0.4~0.5份、聚丙烯酸钠3.7~4.1份、海藻酸钠2.9~3.1份、硫酸锌5.4~5.8份、水250~270份;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的番茄种子微波干燥至含水率为14%~18%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的高压电场处理,先在电场强度为120~130kV/m的条件下处理8~10min,然后在电场强度为210~220kV/m的条件下处理11~13min。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的搅拌器,转速为300~350r/min,搅拌方向为逆时针搅拌。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的微波干燥,温度为44~48℃、频率为440~480MHz。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,将番茄汁液与黄腐酸钾溶液混合发酵,使得获得的番茄种子具有较强的细胞活性,且携带较少的病菌,然后进行冷冻干燥、浸种、高压电场处理,不但有效激发番茄种子内新的赤霉素合成,提高种子内源赤霉素含量,促使束缚型的赤霉素通过酶促水解转变成游离型赤霉素而发挥其生理作用,促进细胞的伸长、分裂和分化,加强吲哚乙酸对养分的动员效应,作为种子萌发的促进因子,通过调节酶合成来促进胚乳物质的分解,使胚快速成长,而且有效促进番茄种子体内三磷酸腺苷的合成,促进酶的活化,促进种子内抗病因子的形成,有效促进种子抗逆性的提高。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,具体方法如下:
(1)从番茄植株上采摘熟透、生长健壮的番茄,切开挖取出带番茄籽的汁液,加入重量为其重量0.5倍量、质量分数为0.12%的黄腐酸钾溶液混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为31℃的发酵箱内恒温发酵9h,取出,用清水冲洗干净,得番茄种子;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的番茄种子置入温度为-8℃的冷冻干燥箱干燥至含水率为20%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡30min并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理19min;
所述的浸种剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:丙氨酸2.4份、没食子酸0.7份、山奈酚0.4份、聚丙烯酸钠3.7份、海藻酸钠2.9份、硫酸锌5.4份、水250份;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的番茄种子微波干燥至含水率为14%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的高压电场处理,先在电场强度为120kV/m的条件下处理8min,然后在电场强度为210kV/m的条件下处理11min。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的搅拌器,转速为300r/min,搅拌方向为逆时针搅拌。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的微波干燥,温度为44℃、频率为440MHz。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,具体方法如下:
(1)从番茄植株上采摘熟透、生长健壮的番茄,切开挖取出带番茄籽的汁液,加入重量为其重量0.55倍量、质量分数为0.14%的黄腐酸钾溶液混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为33℃的发酵箱内恒温发酵9.5h,取出,用清水冲洗干净,得番茄种子;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的番茄种子置入温度为-7℃的冷冻干燥箱干燥至含水率为23%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡33min并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理21min;
所述的浸种剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:丙氨酸2.6份、没食子酸0.8份、山奈酚0.45份、聚丙烯酸钠3.9份、海藻酸钠3份、硫酸锌5.6份、水260份;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的番茄种子微波干燥至含水率为16%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的高压电场处理,先在电场强度为125kV/m的条件下处理9min,然后在电场强度为215kV/m的条件下处理12min。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的搅拌器,转速为325r/min,搅拌方向为逆时针搅拌。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的微波干燥,温度为46℃、频率为460MHz。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,具体方法如下:
(1)从番茄植株上采摘熟透、生长健壮的番茄,切开挖取出带番茄籽的汁液,加入重量为其重量0.6倍量、质量分数为0.16%的黄腐酸钾溶液混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为35℃的发酵箱内恒温发酵10h,取出,用清水冲洗干净,得番茄种子;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的番茄种子置入温度为-6℃的冷冻干燥箱干燥至含水率为25%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡35min并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理23min;
所述的浸种剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:丙氨酸2.8份、没食子酸0.9份、山奈酚0.5份、聚丙烯酸钠4.1份、海藻酸钠3.1份、硫酸锌5.8份、水270份;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的番茄种子微波干燥至含水率为18%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的高压电场处理,先在电场强度为130kV/m的条件下处理10min,然后在电场强度为220kV/m的条件下处理13min。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的搅拌器,转速为350r/min,搅拌方向为逆时针搅拌。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的微波干燥,温度为48℃、频率为480MHz。
对比例
现有技术的番茄种子处理方法
使用实施例的方法和对比例的方法进行番茄种子的处理,每组处理番茄种子1000粒,处理后进行播种育苗,除种子处理方法不同外,其他条件均相同,统计其36h出苗率、病害率和育苗成活率:
表1 实施例和对比例的处理结果
项 目 | 36h出苗率(%) | 病害率(%) | 育苗成活率(%) |
实施例1 | 97.1 | 1.1 | 98.4 |
实施例2 | 97.4 | 0.9 | 98.9 |
实施例3 | 97.2 | 1.2 | 98.7 |
对比例 | 68.7 | 22.3 | 76.8 |
从表1可知,本发明的方法能够有效提高番茄的36h出苗率和育苗成活率,降低其病害率。
Claims (4)
1.一种番茄种子抗病处理方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)从番茄植株上采摘熟透、生长健壮的番茄,切开挖取出带番茄籽的汁液,加入重量为其重量0.5~0.6倍量、质量分数为0.12%~0.16%的黄腐酸钾溶液混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为31~35℃的发酵箱内恒温发酵9~10h,取出,用清水冲洗干净,得番茄种子;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的番茄种子置入温度为-8~-6℃的冷冻干燥箱干燥至含水率为20%~25%,浸没于浸种剂中浸泡30~35min并用搅拌器不断进行搅拌,滤剂取出,置入高压电场处理19~23min;
所述的浸种剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:丙氨酸2.4~2.8份、没食子酸0.7~0.9份、山奈酚0.4~0.5份、聚丙烯酸钠3.7~4.1份、海藻酸钠2.9~3.1份、硫酸锌5.4~5.8份、水250~270份;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的番茄种子微波干燥至含水率为14%~18%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的番茄种子抗病处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的高压电场处理,先在电场强度为120~130kV/m的条件下处理8~10min,然后在电场强度为210~220kV/m的条件下处理11~13min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的番茄种子抗病处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的搅拌器,转速为300~350r/min,搅拌方向为逆时针搅拌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的番茄种子抗病处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的微波干燥,温度为44~48℃、频率为440~480MHz。
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