CN106561401A - 一种葡萄的育苗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于果树育苗技术领域,尤其是一种葡萄的育苗方法,具体方法如下:(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条;(2)将扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡;(3)将扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔9~11天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽。本发明能够提高扦插条的活性,杀灭其带有的细菌和微生物,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,促进叶片的萌发和生长,促进愈伤组织的形成,增强根部对细菌和真菌的抵抗力,促进根部的伸展和生长,促进根壮实肥厚,增强抗旱能力,使得生根时间缩短至11.3~12.0天、移栽成活率达到98.7%~99.2%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于果树育苗技术领域,尤其是一种葡萄的育苗方法。
背景技术
葡萄,世界上最古老、分布最广的一种水果之一,人类在很早以前就开始栽培这种果树,其浆果多为圆形或椭圆,色泽随品种而异,几乎占全世界水果产量的四分之一;其营养价值很高,可制成葡萄汁、葡萄干和葡萄酒;粒大、皮厚、汁少、水多,皮肉易分离,味道酸甜可口;果肉外有层薄皮,皮外有薄霜,有些品种无籽;葡萄既可做水果生食,也可酿酒或制作葡萄干;葡萄因颜色鲜艳、味道鲜美,而且具有很高的营养价值,被人们称为“水晶明珠”。
因此,食用价值和营养价值极高的葡萄在市场上广受欢迎,其需求量越来越大,急需提高葡萄的产量,但是葡萄扦插育苗后的移栽成活率并不理想;因此,发明一种能够有效提高育苗品质和育苗移栽成活率的的育苗方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种葡萄的育苗方法,能够有效缩短葡萄的生根时间,提高其移栽成活率。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种葡萄的育苗方法,具体方法如下:
(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条,截成24~26cm,剪除扦插条上的叶子,保留2~3个芽眼,用功率为34~38W、温度为42~44℃的超声波超声处理4~5min,升高功率至46~48W、升高温度至51~53℃超声处理2.8~3.6min,提高扦插条的活性,杀灭细菌和微生物;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡34~40min,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,置于温度为24~28℃、相对湿度为22%~26%的条件下自然风干16~18h;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理过的扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡8~9h,提高生根能力,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔9~11天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽;所述的生根液,由以下重量份的原料制成:赤霉素0.02~0.03份、杨梅黄素1.3~1.5份、环木脂素2.6~2.8份、绿原酸1.7~1.9份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液的质量分数为0.7%~0.8%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液的质量分数为0.04%~0.06%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液每次每根扦插条的浇施量为4~5mL。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的育苗棚的温度为22~26℃、相对湿度为82%~86%。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种葡萄的育苗方法,通过对扦插条进行反复超声处理,能够提高扦插条的活性,杀灭其带有的细菌和微生物,将扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液进行浸泡,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,促进叶片的萌发和生长,提高光合作用效率,扦插条扦插前使用生根液进行浸泡,有效促进愈伤组织的形成,增强根部对细菌和真菌的抵抗力,扦插条扦插后定期使用生根液进行浇施,能够有效促进根部的伸展和生长,促进根壮实肥厚,增强抗旱能力,使得生根时间缩短至11.3~12.0天、移栽成活率达到98.7%~99.2%。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种葡萄的育苗方法,具体方法如下:
(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条,截成24~26cm,剪除扦插条上的叶子,保留2~3个芽眼,用功率为34W、温度为42℃的超声波超声处理4min,升高功率至46W、升高温度至51℃超声处理2.8min,提高扦插条的活性,杀灭细菌和微生物;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡34~40min,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,置于温度为24℃、相对湿度为22%的条件下自然风干16~18h;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理过的扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡8h,提高生根能力,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔11天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽;所述的生根液,由以下重量份的原料制成:赤霉素0.02份、杨梅黄素1.3份、环木脂素2.6份、绿原酸1.7份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液的质量分数为0.7%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液的质量分数为0.04%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液每次每根扦插条的浇施量为4mL。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的育苗棚的温度为22~26℃、相对湿度为82%~86%。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种葡萄的育苗方法,具体方法如下:
(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条,截成24~26cm,剪除扦插条上的叶子,保留2~3个芽眼,用功率为36W、温度为43℃的超声波超声处理4.5min,升高功率至47W、升高温度至52℃超声处理3.2min,提高扦插条的活性,杀灭细菌和微生物;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡37min,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,置于温度为26℃、相对湿度为24%的条件下自然风干17h;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理过的扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡8.5h,提高生根能力,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔10天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽;所述的生根液,由以下重量份的原料制成:赤霉素0.025份、杨梅黄素1.4份、环木脂素2.7份、绿原酸1.8份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液的质量分数为0.75%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液的质量分数为0.05%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液每次每根扦插条的浇施量为4.5mL。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的育苗棚的温度为22~26℃、相对湿度为82%~86%。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种葡萄的育苗方法,具体方法如下:
(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条,截成24~26cm,剪除扦插条上的叶子,保留2~3个芽眼,用功率为38W、温度为44℃的超声波超声处理5min,升高功率至48W、升高温度至53℃超声处理3.6min,提高扦插条的活性,杀灭细菌和微生物;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡40min,提高芽眼的萌芽能力,置于温度为28℃、相对湿度为26%的条件下自然风干118h;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理过的扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡9h,提高生根能力,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔9天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽;所述的生根液,由以下重量份的原料制成:赤霉素0.03份、杨梅黄素1.5份、环木脂素2.8份、绿原酸1.9份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液的质量分数为0.8%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液的质量分数为0.06%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的生根液每次每根扦插条的浇施量为5mL。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的育苗棚的温度为22~26℃、相对湿度为82%~86%。
使用实施例葡萄的育苗方法与对比例葡萄的普通育苗方法对葡萄进行育苗,统计其平均生根时间和移栽成活率,实验对比结果如下表:
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
实施例组1 | 实施例组2 | 实施例组3 | 对比例组 | |
平均生根时间(天) | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 16.6 |
移栽成活率(%) | 98.7 | 98.9 | 99.2 | 83.4 |
从表1可以看出,本发明葡萄的育苗方法能够有效缩短葡萄的生根时间,提高其移栽成活率,使得生根时间缩短至11.3~12.0天、相对葡萄的普通育苗方法缩短了4.6~5.3天,使得移栽成活率达到98.7%~99.2%、相对葡萄的普通育苗方法提高了15.3%~15.8%。
Claims (5)
1.一种葡萄的育苗方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)3月下旬,选取生长健壮、长势良好的葡萄茎枝作为扦插条,截成24~26cm,剪除扦插条上的叶子,保留2~3个芽眼,用功率为34~38W、温度为42~44℃的超声波超声处理4~5min,升高功率至46~48W、升高温度至51~53℃超声处理2.8~3.6min;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的扦插条放入薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液中浸泡34~40min,置于温度为24~28℃、相对湿度为22%~26%的条件下自然风干16~18h;
(3)将经步骤(2)处理过的扦插条的根部放入生根液中浸泡8~9h,扦插于育苗棚的育苗基质中进行育苗,每隔9~11天用生根液浇施扦插条一次,直至移栽;所述的生根液,由以下重量份的原料制成:赤霉素0.02~0.03份、杨梅黄素1.3~1.5份、环木脂素2.6~2.8份、绿原酸1.7~1.9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的葡萄的育苗方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的薯蓣皂素和葛根素的混合溶液的质量分数为0.7%~0.8%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的葡萄的育苗方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的生根液的质量分数为0.04%~0.06%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的葡萄的育苗方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的生根液每次每根扦插条的浇施量为4~5mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的葡萄的育苗方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的育苗棚的温度为22~26℃、相对湿度为82%~86%。
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Cited By (3)
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CN107371451A (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-24 | 界首市鲜天下家庭农场 | 一种酿酒葡萄的育苗方法 |
CN109220263A (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-18 | 衡阳市仙碧果蔬专业合作社 | 一种葡萄的育苗方法 |
CN113367058A (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南萌芽蔬菜产业有限公司 | 绿豆苗及培育工艺 |
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