CN106577128A - 一种桃树的扦插育苗方法 - Google Patents

一种桃树的扦插育苗方法 Download PDF

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CN106577128A
CN106577128A CN201611157627.3A CN201611157627A CN106577128A CN 106577128 A CN106577128 A CN 106577128A CN 201611157627 A CN201611157627 A CN 201611157627A CN 106577128 A CN106577128 A CN 106577128A
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李玉龙
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，包括以下步骤：（1）插条的选取；（2）插条的处理；（3）营养土的配制；（4）插条扦插后日常管理，及时浇水除草灭虫。本发明提供的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法操作简单，经过实验，使用本发明提供的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，插条的生根率稳定在97.8%以上，比传统方法提高10个百分点，同时生根时间缩短了10天，效果显著，值得推广使用。

Description

一种桃树的扦插育苗方法
技术领域
本发明属于果树种植领域，具体涉及一种桃树的扦插育苗方法。
背景技术
桃，蔷薇科，桃属植物，是一种果实作为水果的落叶小乔木，花可以观赏，果实多汁，桃有多种品种，一般果皮有毛，“油桃”的果皮光滑，“蟠桃”果实是扁盘状，“碧桃”是观赏花用桃树，有多种形式的花瓣，原产中国，各省区广泛栽培。世界各地均有栽植。桃树的繁殖方法有播种、扦插、嫁接、压条等，其中扦插育苗法最为常用，但是处理不当会导致插条生根率低。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种桃树的扦插育苗方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）插条的选取
每年三月中下旬，选取长势良好、健康无病虫害的母株，挑选1年生木质化或半木质化的硬枝，剪取长度20-40cm；
（2）插条的处理
将插条顶端仅保留1-2片叶，末端5cm环装剥皮并纵向刻伤，然后50-100支扎成一捆，使用药液浸泡45分钟；所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液100-150份、1%赤霉素溶液50-80份、大蒜提取液100-150份、芦荟提取液20-40份、1%尿素水溶液50-100份、葡萄糖0.5-0.8份、硫酸亚铁0.1-0.2份、氯化镁0.1-0.3份、钼酸钠0.05-0.08份、丙氨酸0.02-0.05份、谷氨酸0.05-0.1份、水50-100份；
（3）营养土的配制
将田土、腐熟有机肥、沸石、按质量份数比100:100:1均匀混合后，使用营养液浇灌即得所述营养土；所述营养液，由0.2%尿素水溶液、硫酸锰、氯化钾按质量份数比500：1:5均匀混合而成；
（4）插条扦插后日常管理，及时浇水除草灭虫。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液120份、1%赤霉素溶液60份、大蒜提取液120份、芦荟提取液20份、1%尿素水溶液60份、葡萄糖0.6份、硫酸亚铁0.2份、氯化镁0.2份、钼酸钠0.07份、丙氨酸0.03份、谷氨酸0.08份、水80份。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述大蒜提取液，其制备方法为：将大蒜头加10倍大蒜头质量份数的水煮熟后捣烂，充分研磨，过滤后得滤液，将所述滤液将水20倍稀释，即得所述大蒜提取液。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述芦荟提取液，其制备方法为：将芦荟洗净切碎，放入榨汁机中加10倍芦荟质量份数的水处理15分钟，过滤得滤液，将所述滤液加水煮沸后再加水20倍稀释，即得所述芦荟提取液。
本发明的有益效果：将插条末端环装剥皮并纵向刻伤，有助于刺激细胞形成愈伤组织，然后使用药液浸泡45分钟，能够刺激细胞分化，补充插条所需营养元素，同时杀菌消毒，保证插条的健康，提高插条的生根率，配合特制营养土，进一步保障插条生长过程中所需营养，提高插条的生根率，同时其中的有效成分能够刺激愈伤组织的形成，加速细胞分化，加快插条生根速度。经过实验，使用本发明提供的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，插条的生根率稳定在97.8%以上，比传统方法提高10个百分点，同时生根时间缩短了10天，效果显著，值得推广使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）插条的选取
每年三月中下旬，选取长势良好、健康无病虫害的母株，挑选1年生木质化或半木质化的硬枝，剪取长度20-40cm；
（2）插条的处理
将插条顶端仅保留1-2片叶，末端5cm环装剥皮并纵向刻伤，有助于刺激细胞形成愈伤组织，然后50-100支扎成一捆，使用药液浸泡45分钟，能够刺激细胞分化，补充插条所需营养元素，同时杀菌消毒，保证插条的健康；所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液100份、1%赤霉素溶液50份、大蒜提取液100份、芦荟提取液20份、1%尿素水溶液50份、葡萄糖0.5份、硫酸亚铁0.1份、氯化镁0.1份、钼酸钠0.05份、丙氨酸0.02份、谷氨酸0.05份、水50份；
（3）营养土的配制
将田土、腐熟有机肥、沸石、按质量份数比100:100:1均匀混合后，使用营养液浇灌即得所述营养土；所述营养液，由0.2%尿素水溶液、硫酸锰、氯化钾按质量份数比500：1:5均匀混合而成；
（4）插条扦插后日常管理，及时浇水除草灭虫。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述大蒜提取液，其制备方法为：将大蒜头加10倍大蒜头质量份数的水煮熟后捣烂，充分研磨，过滤后得滤液，将所述滤液将水20倍稀释，即得所述大蒜提取液。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述芦荟提取液，其制备方法为：将芦荟洗净切碎，放入榨汁机中加10倍芦荟质量份数的水处理15分钟，过滤得滤液，将所述滤液加水煮沸后再加水20倍稀释，即得所述芦荟提取液。
实施例2
一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）插条的选取
每年三月中下旬，选取长势良好、健康无病虫害的母株，挑选1年生木质化或半木质化的硬枝，剪取长度20-40cm；
（2）插条的处理
将插条顶端仅保留1-2片叶，末端5cm环装剥皮并纵向刻伤，有助于刺激细胞形成愈伤组织，然后50-100支扎成一捆，使用药液浸泡45分钟，能够刺激细胞分化，补充插条所需营养元素，同时杀菌消毒，保证插条的健康；所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液150份、1%赤霉素溶液80份、大蒜提取液150份、芦荟提取液40份、1%尿素水溶液100份、葡萄糖0.8份、硫酸亚铁0.2份、氯化镁0.3份、钼酸钠0.08份、丙氨酸0.05份、谷氨酸0.1份、水100份；
（3）营养土的配制
将田土、腐熟有机肥、沸石、按质量份数比100:100:1均匀混合后，使用营养液浇灌即得所述营养土；所述营养液，由0.2%尿素水溶液、硫酸锰、氯化钾按质量份数比500：1:5均匀混合而成；
（4）插条扦插后日常管理，及时浇水除草灭虫。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述大蒜提取液，其制备方法为：将大蒜头加10倍大蒜头质量份数的水煮熟后捣烂，充分研磨，过滤后得滤液，将所述滤液将水20倍稀释，即得所述大蒜提取液。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述芦荟提取液，其制备方法为：将芦荟洗净切碎，放入榨汁机中加10倍芦荟质量份数的水处理15分钟，过滤得滤液，将所述滤液加水煮沸后再加水20倍稀释，即得所述芦荟提取液。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例1相比，步骤（2）不使用所述药液，仅使用常规生长素溶液处理插条，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例2
本对比实施例2与实施例2相比，步骤（3）不使用所述营养液浇灌营养土，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对照组
常规的桃树扦插育苗方法。
保证选自同一母株的插条分别使用上述2个实施例、2个对比实施例与1个对照组的方法进行桃树的扦插育苗，统计插条生根率及生根时间，经过多次实验，结果如表1：
表1
插条数 生根数 生根率（%） 生根时间（天）
实施例1 400 395 98.8 15
实施例2 400 391 97.8 15
对比实施例1 400 362 90.5 19
对比实施例2 400 377 94.3 21
对照组 400 350 87.5 25
由表1可知，使用本发明提供的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，插条的生根率稳定在97.8%以上，比传统方法提高10个百分点，同时生根时间缩短了10天，效果显著，值得推广使用。

Claims (4)

1.一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）插条的选取
每年三月中下旬，选取长势良好、健康无病虫害的母株，挑选1年生木质化或半木质化的硬枝，剪取长度20-40cm；
（2）插条的处理
将插条顶端仅保留1-2片叶，末端5cm环装剥皮并纵向刻伤，然后50-100支扎成一捆，使用药液浸泡45分钟；所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液100-150份、1%赤霉素溶液50-80份、大蒜提取液100-150份、芦荟提取液20-40份、1%尿素水溶液50-100份、葡萄糖0.5-0.8份、硫酸亚铁0.1-0.2份、氯化镁0.1-0.3份、钼酸钠0.05-0.08份、丙氨酸0.02-0.05份、谷氨酸0.05-0.1份、水50-100份；
（3）营养土的配制
将田土、腐熟有机肥、沸石、按质量份数比100:100:1均匀混合后，使用营养液浇灌即得所述营养土；所述营养液，由0.2%尿素水溶液、硫酸锰、氯化钾按质量份数比500：1:5均匀混合而成；
（4）插条扦插后日常管理，及时浇水除草灭虫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述药液，由如下质量份数的组份均匀混合而成：1%吲哚丁酸溶液120份、1%赤霉素溶液60份、大蒜提取液120份、芦荟提取液20份、1%尿素水溶液60份、葡萄糖0.6份、硫酸亚铁0.2份、氯化镁0.2份、钼酸钠0.07份、丙氨酸0.03份、谷氨酸0.08份、水80份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述大蒜提取液，其制备方法为：将大蒜头加10倍大蒜头质量份数的水煮熟后捣烂，充分研磨，过滤后得滤液，将所述滤液将水20倍稀释，即得所述大蒜提取液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种桃树的扦插育苗方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述芦荟提取液，其制备方法为：将芦荟洗净切碎，放入榨汁机中加10倍芦荟质量份数的水处理15分钟，过滤得滤液，将所述滤液加水煮沸后再加水20倍稀释，即得所述芦荟提取液。
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