CN107920516A - 植物病害防治组合物和植物病害防治方法 - Google Patents
植物病害防治组合物和植物病害防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明提供具有优异的植物病害防治效果的植物病害防治组合物,其包含由式(1)表示的化合物和由式(2)表示的唑化合物[其中R1表示C1‑6烷基,R2表示氢原子等,A表示氮原子等,Y1表示卤素原子,并且n表示0或1]。本发明还提供植物病害防治方法,其包括使用有效剂量的由式(1)表示的化合物和由式(2)表示的唑化合物处理植物或其中栽培植物的土壤的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求2015年8月11日提交的日本专利申请2015-158975号和2015年12月25日提交的日本专利申请2015-253224号的优先权和权益,其完整内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明涉及用于防治植物病害的组合物和用于防治植物病害的方法。
背景技术
迄今,已知一些化合物作为用于防治植物病害的组合物的活性成分(参见专利文献1和2)。
引用清单
专利文献
专利文献1:WO 95/27693册
专利文献2:WO 2012/169516册
发明概述
(本发明所要解决的问题)
本发明的一个目的是提供用于防治植物病害的组合物和用于防治植物病害的方法,每种都具有优异的对植物病害的防治功效。
(解决问题的手段)
本发明人已经深入细致地研究而发现用于防治植物病害的组合物和用于防治植物病害的方法,每种都具有优异的对植物病害的防治功效。结果,已经发现包含由下述式(1)表示的化合物和由下述式(2)表示的唑化合物的组合物显示出优异的对植物病害的防治效果。
换言之,本发明提供以下技术方案:
[1]一种用于防治植物病害的组合物,所述组合物包含:
由式(1)表示的化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
[2][1]中所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(2)表示的化合物表示由式(2a)表示的化合物:
其中
Y2表示氯原子、氟原子或氢原子。
[3][2]中所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(2a)表示的化合物是其中在式(2a)中Y2表示氯原子的化合物。
[4][1]至[3]中任一项中所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(1)表示的化合物与由式(2)表示的化合物的重量比是1:0.0125至1:500。
[5]一种用于防治植物病害的方法,所述方法包括向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用有效量的以下化合物中的每一种:
由式(1)表示的化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
[6][5]中所述的用于防治植物病害的方法,其中向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用的步骤是向种子施用的步骤。
[7]以下化合物的组合用途:
由式(1)表示的甲酰胺化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
本发明可以防治植物病害。
实施发明的方式
本发明的用于防治植物病害的组合物(在下文中,称作“本发明组合物”)包含上述由式(1)表示的化合物(在下文中,称作“本发明化合物1”)和上述由式(2)表示的唑化合物(在下文中,称作“本发明化合物2”)。
说明如本文中所述的一种或多种取代基。
本文中所述的表述“C1-C3”表示碳原子的数量为1至3。
本文中所述的术语“卤素原子”表示氟原子、氯原子、溴原子和碘原子。
本文中所述的术语“C1-C6烷基”表示具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,并且包括例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基等。同样,本文中所述的术语“C1-C3烷基”表示具有1至3个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,并且包括例如甲基、乙基、丙基和异丙基。
本文中所述的术语“C2-C3烯基”表示具有2至3个碳原子的直链或支链不饱和烃基,并且包括例如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、异丙烯基和2-丙烯基。
本文中所述的术语“C2-C3炔基”表示具有2至3个碳原子的直链不饱和烃基,并且包括例如乙炔基、1-丙炔基和2-丙炔基。
首先,描述本发明化合物1。
本发明化合物1是在例如WO 95/27693册中描述的化合物,并且可以根据其中描述的方法制备。
接下来,描述本发明化合物2。
在上述式(2)中,R1优选地包括C1-C4烷基,更优选甲基或乙基,并且进一步优选甲基。
在上述式(2)中,R2优选地包括氢原子、甲基、乙基或丙基,并且更优选甲基。
当n是1时,Y1的结合位置不具体限制,但是优选地是产生4-取代苄基的位置。
例如,在WO 2012/169516册中描述本发明化合物2。本发明化合物2可以根据已知方法制备。
本发明化合物2的实例包括以下化合物。
由式(2a)表示的化合物:
其中
Y2表示氯原子、氟原子和氢原子。
由上述式(2a)表示的化合物,其中Y2表示氯原子(在下文中,称作本发明化合物2-1);
由上述式(2a)表示的化合物,其中Y2表示氟原子(在下文中,称作本发明化合物2-2);和
由上述式(2a)表示的化合物,其中Y2表示氢原子(在下文中,称作本发明化合物2-3)。
此处,本发明化合物2由于与环戊烷环键合的有机残留物的构型而包含对映异构体和非对映异构体。因此,本发明化合物2可以单独地包含这些异构体中的每一种,或者包含由这些异构体以各异构体的各自任意比例组成的任意混合物(例如,外消旋混合物或非对映混合物)。在它们中,其中与环戊烷环键合的羟基和-R1基团彼此位于顺式形式的本发明化合物2是优选的,并且其中与环戊烷环键合的羟基、-R1基团和取代或未取代的苄基彼此位于顺式形式的本发明化合物2是更优选的。
本发明化合物2中包括的光学活性异构体的具体实例在表1至3中示出。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
在本发明组合物中本发明化合物1与本发明化合物2的重量比通常是1:0.0125至1:500,优选1:0.025至1:100,并且更优选1:0.1至1:10。
尽管本发明组合物可以是本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的混合物本身,但是本发明组合物通常通过以下制备:混合本发明化合物1、本发明化合物2和惰性载体,并且如果需要,添加表面活性剂或其他药物添加剂,并且然后配制成油溶液、可乳化浓缩物、可流动制剂、可湿性粉剂、粒状可湿性粉剂、粉末制剂、粒剂等的形式。这样的制剂自身可用作用于防治植物病害的试剂或可在添加其他惰性组分的情况下用作用于防治植物病害的试剂。
本发明组合物通常可以包含总计0.1至99重量%、优选0.2至90重量%、并且更优选1至80重量%的本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2。
关于制剂使用的惰性载体的实例包括固体载体和液体载体,并且固体载体的实例包括由以下组成的细粉或颗粒:矿物质(例如,高岭土、凹凸棒石粘土、膨润土、蒙脱石、酸性粘土、叶腊石、滑石、硅藻土或方解石),天然有机物(例如,玉米芯粉末或花生壳粉末),合成有机物(例如,尿素),盐(例如,碳酸钙或硫酸铵),合成无机物(例如,合成的含水氧化硅)等。液体载体的实例包括芳族烃(例如,二甲苯、烷基苯或甲基萘),醇(例如,2-丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇或乙二醇单乙醚),酮(例如,丙酮、环己酮或异佛尔酮),植物油(例如,大豆油或棉籽油),来源于石油的脂族烃,酯,二甲亚砜,乙腈和水。
表面活性剂的实例包括阴离子表面活性剂(例如,烷基硫酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚磷酸盐、木质素磺酸盐或萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物),非离子表面活性剂(例如,聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物或失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯),和阳离子表面活性剂(例如,烷基三甲基铵盐)。
其他药物添加剂的实例包括水溶性聚合物(例如,聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮),多糖(例如,阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸及其盐、CMC(羧甲基-纤维素)或黄原胶),无机物(例如,硅酸铝镁或氧化铝-溶胶),防腐剂,着色剂,和PAP(酸式磷酸异丙酯),和稳定剂(例如,BHT(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚))。
本发明组合物也可以通过以下制备:根据上述过程分别将本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2配制成不同制剂,如果需要,进一步用水稀释它们中的每一种,之后,将分别制备的分别包含本发明化合物1或本发明化合物2的不同制剂或其稀释溶液彼此混合。
本发明组合物还可以包含一种或多种其他杀真菌剂和/或杀虫剂。
可以向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用本发明组合物以防治植物病害。
可以通过本发明防治的植物病害的实例包括由植物病原丝状真菌或通过植物病原丝状真菌介导的其他病原体引起的植物病害,但是不限于此。
稻病害:稻瘟病(稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea))、褐斑病(宫部旋孢腔病菌(Cochliobolus miyabeanus))、纹枯病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、以及恶苗病(藤仓赤霉(Gibberella fujikuroi));
小麦病害:白粉病(麦类白粉菌(Erysiphe graminis))、赤霉病(禾谷镰刀病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、燕麦镰刀病菌(F.avenaceum)、山顶镰刀病菌(F.culmorum)、雪霉叶枯病菌(Microdochium nivale))、锈病(例如,黄锈病(小麦条锈病菌(Pucciniastriiformis))、黑锈病(小麦秆锈病菌(P.graminis))、红锈病(小麦叶锈病菌(P.recondita)))、雪霉病(雪霉叶枯病菌(Micronectriella nivale))、雪腐小粒菌核病(核瑚菌属种(Typhula sp.))、散黑穗病(小麦散黑粉菌(Ustilago tritici))、腥黑穗病(小麦网腥黑偻病菌(Tilletia caries))、眼纹病(小麦基腐病菌(Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides))、叶枯病(小麦壳针孢菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola))、颖枯病(颖枯壳多孢(Stagonospora nodorum))、以及褐斑病(小麦德氏霉(Pyrenophora tritici-repentis));
大麦病害:白粉病(麦类白粉菌(Erysiphe graminis))、散黑穗病(禾谷镰刀病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、燕麦镰刀病菌(F.avenaceum)、山顶镰刀病菌(F.culmorum)、雪霉叶枯病菌(Microdochium nivale))、锈病(小麦条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis)、小麦秆锈病菌(P.graminis)、大麦褐锈病菌(P.hordei))、散黑穗病(裸黑粉病菌(Ustilagonuda))、云形病(大麦云纹病菌(Rhynchosporium secalis))、网斑病(大麦网斑病菌(Pyrenophora teres))、斑点病(大麦斑点病菌(Cochliobolus sativus))、叶纹病(大麦条纹病菌(Pyrenophora graminea))、以及由丝核菌真菌引起的猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani));
玉米病害:黑穗病(玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis))、南方叶枯病(异旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus heterostrophus))、豹纹病(高粱胶尾孢菌(Gloeocercospora sorghi))、南方锈病(多堆柄锈菌(Puccinia polysora))、灰斑病(玉米灰斑病菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis))、以及由丝核菌真菌引起的猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani));
柑橘病害:黑点病(柑橘间座壳菌(Diaporthe citri))、疮痂病(柑橘痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe fawcetti))、果腐病(指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)、意大利青霉菌(P.italicum))、以及疫腐病(烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica)、柑桔褐腐疫霉(Phytophthora citrophthora));
苹果病害:花枯病(苹果链核盘菌(Monilinia mali))、腐烂病(苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa ceratosperma))、白粉病(白叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera leucotricha))、斑点落叶病(苹果斑点落叶病菌(Alternaria alternata apple pathotype))、疮痂病(苹果黑星菌(Venturia inaequalis))、苦腐病(尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum acutatum))、以及冠腐病(恶疫霉(Phytophtora cactorum));
梨病害:疮痂病(梨黑星菌(Venturia nashicola)、纳雪黑星菌(V.pirina))、黑斑病(日本梨斑点落叶病菌(Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype))、锈病(担子菌梨胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium haraeanum))、以及疫霉冠果腐病(恶疫霉(Phytophthoracactorum));
桃病害:褐腐病(果生丛梗孢(Monilinia fructicola))、疮痂病(嗜果枝孢菌(Cladosporium carpophilum))、以及拟茎点霉病(拟茎点霉属种(Phomopsis sp.));
葡萄病害:炭疽病(葡萄痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe ampelina))、晚腐病(围小丛壳菌(Glomerella cingulata))、白粉病(葡萄白粉菌(Uncinula necator))、锈病(层锈菌属(Phakopsora ampelopsidis))、黑腐病(葡萄球座菌(Guignardia bidwellii))、以及霜霉病(葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola));
日本柿子病害:炭疽病(柿盘长孢菌(Gloeosporium kaki))、以及叶斑病(柿尾孢菌(Cercospora kaki)、柿叶球腔菌(Mycosphaerella nawae));
葫芦科病害:炭疽病(瓜类炭疽菌(Colletotrichum lagenarium))、白粉病(瓜类白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea))、蔓枯病(蔓枯病菌(Mycosphaerella melonis))、镰刀菌萎蔫病(尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum))、霜霉病(古巴假霜霉菌(Pseudoperonospora cubensis))、疫腐病(疫霉属种(Phytophthora sp.))、以及猝倒病(腐霉菌属种(Pythium sp.));
番茄病害:早疫病(茄链格孢(Alternaria solani))、叶霉病(黄枝孢(Cladosporium fulvum))、以及晚疫病(致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans));
茄子病害:褐斑病(褐纹拟茎点霉(Phomopsis vexans))、以及白粉病(二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum));
芸苔科病害:链格孢叶斑病(日本链格孢(Alternaria japonica))、白斑病(芸苔小尾孢(Cercosporella brassicae))、根肿病(根肿菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae))、以及霜霉病(寄生霜霉(Peronospora parasitica));
大葱病害:锈病(柄锈菌属(Puccinia allii))、以及霜霉病(毁坏霜霉(Peronospora destructor));
大豆病害:紫斑病(大豆紫斑病菌(Cercospora kikuchii))、痂圆孢疮痂病(大豆痂原孢(Elsinoe glycines))、黑点病(菜豆间壳座大豆变种(Diaporthe phaseolorumvar.sojae))、壳针孢褐点病(大豆褐纹壳针孢(Septoria glycines))、尾孢菌叶斑病(大豆灰斑病菌(Cercospora sojina))、锈病(豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi))、疫霉根茎腐病(大豆疫霉根腐病菌(Phytophthora sojae))、由丝核菌真菌引起的猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、褐色轮纹病(棒孢叶斑病菌(Corynespora casiicola))、以及菌核病(核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum));
菜豆病害:炭疽病(炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum lindemthianum));
花生病害:叶斑病(球座尾孢(Cercospora personata))、褐斑病(落花生尾孢(Cercospora arachidicola))、以及白绢病(白绢菌(Sclerotium rolfsii));
豌豆病害:白粉病(豌豆白粉菌(Erysiphe pisi));
马铃薯病害:早疫病(茄链格孢(Alternaria solani))、晚疫病(致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans))、绯腐病(马铃薯疫霉绯腐病菌(Phytophthoraerythroseptica))、以及粉状疮痂病(马铃薯粉状疮痂病菌(Spongospora subterraneanf.sp.subterranea));
草莓病害:白粉病(白粉菌属(Sphaerotheca humuli))、以及炭疽病(围小丛壳菌(Glomerella cingulata));
茶树病害:网饼病(网状外担菌(Exobasidium reticulatum))、白星病(茶白星病菌(Elsinoe leucospila))、轮斑病(拟盘多毛抱属真菌(Pestalotiopsis sp.))、以及炭疽病(炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum theae-sinensis));
烟草病害:褐斑病(长柄链格孢(Alternaria longipes))、白粉病(二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum))、炭疽病(烟草炭疽菌(Colletotrichum tabacum))、霜霉病(烟草霜霉(Peronospora tabacina))、以及黑胫病(烟草疫霉(Phytophthoranicotianae));
油菜籽病害:菌核病(核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum))、以及由立枯丝核菌引起的油菜籽猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani));
棉花病害:由立枯丝核菌引起的棉花猝倒病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani));
甜菜病害:尾孢叶斑病(甜菜生尾孢菌(Cercospora beticola))、叶枯病(稻纹枯病原菌(Thanatephorus cucumeris))、根腐病(稻纹枯病原菌(Thanatephoruscucumeris))、以及丝囊菌根腐病(黑腐丝囊霉(Aphanomyces cochlioides));
蔷薇病害:黑斑病(蔷薇双壳菌(Diplocarpon rosae))、白粉病(蔷薇单囊壳(Sphaerotheca pannosa))、以及霜霉病(蔷薇霜霉(Peronospora sparsa));
菊花和菊科蔬菜病害;霜霉病(莴苣盘霜霉(Bremia lactucae))、叶枯病(菊壳针孢(Septoria chrysanthemi-indici))、以及锈病(堀氏菊柄锈菌(Puccinia horiana));
各种植物病害:由腐霉属(Pythium spp.)(瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、德巴利腐霉(Pythium debarianum)、禾生腐霉(Pythium graminicola)、畸雌腐霉(Pythiumirregulare)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum))引起的病害、灰霉病(灰葡萄孢石竹变种(Botrytis cinerea))、以及菌核病(核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum));
日本萝卜病害:链格孢叶斑病(甘蓝链格孢(Alternaria brassicicola));
草坪用草病害:币斑病(银斑病病菌(Sclerotinia homeocarpa))、褐斑病、以及巨斑病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani));
香蕉病害:黑条叶斑病(香蕉黑条叶斑病菌(Mycosphaerella fijiensis)、香蕉生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella musicola));
向日葵病害:霜霉病(向日葵霜霉病菌(Plasmopara halstedii));
由曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、青霉属(Penicillium spp.)、镰刀霉属(Fusariumspp.)、赤霉属(Gibberella spp.)、木霉属(Tricoderma spp.)、串珠霉属(Thielaviopsisspp.)、根霉属(Rhizopus spp.)、毛霉属(Mucor spp.)、伏革菌属(Corticium spp.)、茎点霉属(Phoma spp.)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia spp.)、二孢霉属(Diplodia spp.)的细菌引起的种子病害或在各种植物生长的早期阶段的病害;以及
由杆菌(Polymixa)属或油壶菌(Olpidium)属介导的各种植物的病毒病害。
可以对其施用本发明组合物的植物的实例包括以下,但是不限于此。
作物:玉米、稻、小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、高粱、棉花、大豆、花生、荞麦、甜菜、油菜籽、向日葵、甘蔗、和烟草等;
蔬菜:茄科蔬菜(茄子、番茄、甘椒、辣椒和马铃薯等),葫芦科蔬菜(黄瓜、南瓜、绿皮西葫芦、西瓜和甜瓜等),十字花科蔬菜(日本萝卜、白萝卜、辣根、甘蓝、大白菜、卷心菜、芥菜、西兰花和花椰菜等),紫菀科蔬菜(牛蒡、苘蒿、朝鲜蓟和莴苣等),百合科蔬菜(大葱、洋葱、大蒜和芦笋),伞形科(ammiaceous)蔬菜(胡萝卜、欧芹、芹菜和欧防风等),藜科蔬菜(菠菜和牛皮菜等),唇形科蔬菜(白苏、薄荷和罗勒等),草莓,甘薯,野山药,和芋头等;
花卉;
观叶植物;
草坪用草;
水果:梨果类水果(苹果、梨、日本梨、木瓜和榅桲等),核果类水果(桃、李子、油桃、梅子(Prunus mume)、樱桃、杏和李子等),柑橘类水果(温州蜜柑、橘子、柠檬、酸橙和葡萄柚等),坚果类(栗子、胡桃、榛子、杏仁、阿月浑子、腰果和澳洲坚果等),浆果类水果(蓝莓、蔓越莓、黑莓和树莓等),葡萄,柿子,橄榄,日本李(Japanese plum),香蕉,咖啡,海枣,和椰子等;以及
除果树外的其他树木:茶树,桑树,开花植物,行道树(梣树、桦树、梾木、桉树、银杏(ginkgo biloba)、丁香、枫树、橡树(quercus)、杨树、紫荆、枫香(Liquidambarformosana)、悬铃木、榉树、日本香柏(Thuja standishii)、冷杉、铁杉、刺柏、松树、云杉和紫杉(Taxus cuspidate))等。
上述“植物”可以包括已经通过基因重组赋予了抗性的植物。
本发明组合物的示例性实施方案包括以下,但是不限于此。
一种本发明组合物,其中本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的组合表示如下:
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-2的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-3的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-4的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-5的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-6的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-7的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-8的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-9的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-10的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-11的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-12的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-13的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-14的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-15的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-16的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-17的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-18的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-19的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-20的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-21的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-22的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-23的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-24的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-25的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-26的组合;
本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-27的组合。
一种包含本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的本发明组合物,其中本发明化合物1与本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的重量比是1:0.0125至1:500;
一种包含本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的本发明组合物,其中本发明化合物1与本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的重量比是1:0.025至1:100;
一种包含本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的本发明组合物,其中本发明化合物1与本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种的重量比是1:0.1至1:10。
本发明的用于防治植物病害的方法(在下文中,称作“本发明的防治方法”)通过向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用有效量的本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2中的每一种来进行。植物的实例包括植物的叶、植物的种子和植物的球根。另外,本文所述的球根意指鳞茎、球茎、根茎、块茎、块根和根托。
在本发明的防治方法中,本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2可以在相同时间内向植物或用于载体植物的土壤单独地施用,但是从施用的方便性方面来看通常作为本发明组合物施用。
在本发明的防治方法中,施用本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的方法的实例包括叶处理、土壤处理、根部处理、和种子处理。
这样的叶处理包括例如将本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2施用到要通过叶面施用或茎施用栽培的植物的表面上的方法。
这样的土壤处理包括例如土壤撒播、土壤掺合和试剂溶液至土壤的灌溉。
这样的根部处理包括例如将植物的整体或根部浸泡到包含本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的药用溶液中的方法,和使包含本发明化合物1、本发明化合物2和固体载体的固体制剂附着至植物的根部的方法。
这样的种子处理包括例如向要防止植物病害的植物的种子或球根施用本发明组合物,具体地,例如,通过将雾状形式的本发明组合物的悬浮液喷洒到种子的表面或球根的表面上的喷雾处理,通过将本发明组合物的可湿性粉剂、可乳化浓缩物或可流动制剂添加少量水或作为其本身施用至种子或球根的涂抹处理,通过将种子浸入到本发明组合物的溶液中一定时间的浸渍处理,膜包衣处理和颗粒包衣处理。
在本发明的防治方法中的本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的各自剂量可以根据待处理的植物的种类、作为防治对象的植物病害的种类或发生频率、用药形式、处理时间、处理方法、处理场所、气候条件等而改变。在向植物的叶或用于栽培植物的土壤施用的情况下,本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的总量通常是1至500g、优选2至200g、并且更优选10至100g,每1000m2。另外,在用于种子的处理中的本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的各自剂量通常是0.001至10g、并且优选0.01至1g,每1kg种子。
可乳化浓缩物、可湿性粉剂或可流动制剂等通常通过用水稀释它们并且然后散布它们来施用。在该情况下,通常,本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的各自浓度包含总计0.0005至2重量%、并且优选0.005至1重量%的本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2。粉末制剂或颗粒制剂等通常作为其本身施用而无需稀释它们。
实施例
以下通过制剂例和试验例更详细地描述本发明,但是本发明不应限于此。
首先,描述制剂例。在本文中,“份”意指“重量份”。
制剂例1
将5份本发明化合物1、5份本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种、35份白炭墨和聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸铵盐(重量比1:1)的混合物和55份水混合,并且然后根据湿式研磨法对所得溶液进行精细研磨以获得各种可流动制剂。
制剂例2
将10份本发明化合物1、5份本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种、1.5份三油酸失水山梨醇酯和28份包含2份聚乙烯醇的水溶液混合,并且然后对所得溶液进行湿式精细研磨法,并且向其添加45.50份包含0.05份黄原胶和0.1份硅酸铝镁的水溶液,然后添加10份丙二醇,并且通过搅拌将混合物共混以获得各种可流动制剂。
制剂例3
将10份本发明化合物1、40份本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种、3份木质素磺酸钙、2份月桂基硫酸钠和45份合成的含水氧化硅充分研磨并且混合以获得各种可湿性粉剂。
制剂例4
将5份本发明化合物1、5份本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种、14份聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚、6份十二烷基苯磺酸钙盐和70份二甲苯精细地混合以获得各种制剂。
接下来,描述试验例。
试验例1
将本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种混合,将所得混合物中的每种用二甲亚砜稀释,以使得本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的各自浓度是10ppm。将所得稀释溶液以其1μl份分配到微量滴定板(具有96个孔)中。然后向其分配其中预先接种了小麦叶枯病真菌(小麦壳针孢菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola))的150μl马铃薯右旋糖液体培养基(PBD培养基)。将该板在18℃下培养四天,从而允许小麦叶枯病真菌进行增殖,并且然后测量微量滴定板的各孔在550nm处的吸光度以检查小麦叶枯病真菌的生长度。
基于分别获得的处理组和未处理组的生长度通过下述“等式1”计算功效。由试验结果确认高功效。
等式1
功效=100×(X-Y)/X
X:未处理组中的真菌的生长度
Y:处理组中的真菌的生长度
试验例2
用土壤填充塑料罐并且向其播种小麦(栽培品种Shirogane),并且使植物在温室中生长十天。将本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1至2-27中的任一种中的每种根据上述制剂例1至4中的任一种制成制剂,并且将所得制剂中的每种用水稀释,以使得本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2的各自浓度分别是100ppm。将所得稀释溶液喷洒到叶部分以使其充分粘附到上述小麦的叶表面上。在喷洒稀释液后,将植物风干,并且在施用后一天通过喷洒向其接种小麦锈病真菌(小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia recondita))的孢子的水悬浮液。在接种后,将植物在27℃在潮湿条件下放置一天,并且然后在光照下栽培十至十五天,并且检查病斑面积(在下文中称作“处理组”)。
另一方面,除了不进行上述试剂溶液的叶施用,类似于处理组栽培小麦(在下文中称作“未处理组”)。类似于上述处理组检查小麦锈病真菌的病斑面积。
由处理组和未处理组的病斑面积中的每个,通过以下等式2计算处理组的功效。由试验结果确认高功效。
等式2
功效=[1-(处理组的病斑面积)/(未处理组的病斑面积)]×100
试验例3
将本发明化合物1或本发明化合物2-1溶解到二甲亚砜中,以使得本发明化合物1或本发明化合物2-1的各自浓度被调整至下述表4中指示的浓度的一百五十倍。将所得试剂溶液以其1μl份每孔分配到微量滴定板(具有96个孔)中。将149μl的YBG培养基(其通过将10g酵母提取物、10g细菌蛋白胨(Bacto Peptone)和20mL甘油溶解到1L水中,然后对培养基灭菌来制备)分配到一个或多个试剂溶液所分配到的孔中。将该板在18℃下培养六天,从而允许小麦叶枯病真菌进行增殖,并且然后测量微量滴定板的各孔在550nm处的吸光度以检查小麦叶枯病真菌的生长度(在下文中称作“处理组”)。
另一方面,除了使用二甲亚砜代替试剂溶液,类似于处理组的情况使小麦叶枯病真菌增殖,并且检查生长度(在下文中称作“未处理组”)。由分别获得的生长度通过下述“等式1”计算功效。
由试验结果确认,当与上述化合物中每种的单独使用组相比时,本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1的混合使用组中显示出协同效果。
等式1
功效(%)=100×(X-Y)/X
X:未处理组中的真菌的生长度
Y:处理组中的真菌的生长度
[表4]
试验例4
将5份本发明化合物1、35份白炭墨和聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸铵(1:1的重量比)的混合物和55份水混合,并且然后将混合物通过湿式研磨法精细研磨以获得包含本发明化合物1的可流动制剂。分别地,除了使用本发明化合物2-1代替本发明化合1以形成包含本发明化合物2-1的可流动制剂,根据上述类似方法制备包含本发明化合物2-1的可流动制剂。
将上述各个可流动制剂、和根据上述制剂例3制备的包含本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1的可流动制剂中的每种用水稀释,以使得稀释溶液中的各化合物的各自浓度分别被调整至表5中所指示的浓度,以制备稀释溶液。
用土壤填充塑料罐并且向其播种小麦(栽培品种Shirogane),并且使植物在温室中生长十天。将上述稀释溶液喷洒到叶部分以使其充分粘附到上述小麦的叶表面上。在喷洒稀释液后,将植物风干,并且在施用后一天通过喷洒向其接种小麦锈病真菌(小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia recondita))的孢子的水悬浮液。在接种后,将植物在23℃在潮湿条件下放置一天,并且然后在23℃在光照下栽培十天,并且检查病斑面积(在下文中称作“处理组的病斑面积”)。
另一方面,除了不进行上述试剂溶液的叶施用,类似于处理组栽培小麦,并且接种小麦红锈病真菌(小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia recondita)),并且检查其病斑面积(在下文中称作“未处理组的病斑面积”)。
分别由处理组和未处理组的病斑面积中的每个,通过下式等式2计算处理组的功效。
由试验结果确认,当与上述化合物中每种的单独使用组相比时,本发明化合物1和本发明化合物2-1的混合使用组中显示出协同效果。
等式2
功效(%)=[1-(处理组的病斑面积)/(未处理组的病斑面积)]×100
[表5]
Claims (7)
1.一种用于防治植物病害的组合物,所述组合物包含:
由式(1)表示的化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(2)表示的化合物表示由式(2a)表示的化合物:
其中
Y2表示氯原子、氟原子或氢原子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(2a)表示的化合物是其中在式(2a)中Y2表示氯原子的化合物。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于防治植物病害的组合物,其中由式(1)表示的化合物与由式(2)表示的化合物的重量比是1:0.0125至1:500。
5.一种用于防治植物病害的方法,所述方法包括向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用有效量的以下化合物中的每一种:
由式(1)表示的化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于防治植物病害的方法,其中向植物或用于栽培植物的土壤施用的步骤是向种子施用的步骤。
7.以下化合物的组合用途:
由式(1)表示的甲酰胺化合物:
和由式(2)表示的唑化合物:
其中
R1表示C1-C6烷基,
R2表示氢原子、C1-C3烷基、C2-C3烯基或C2-C3炔基,
A表示氮原子或次甲基,
Y1表示卤素原子,并且
n是0或1。
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