CN107917578A - 一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统 - Google Patents

一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统 Download PDF

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CN107917578A
CN107917578A CN201711116618.4A CN201711116618A CN107917578A CN 107917578 A CN107917578 A CN 107917578A CN 201711116618 A CN201711116618 A CN 201711116618A CN 107917578 A CN107917578 A CN 107917578A
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CN107917578B (zh
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刘建栋
毕亮
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Yitong Gas Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/84—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，属于化工与低温工程技术领域，提供了一种利用净化器提高混合制冷剂纯度的混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，其利用MRC系统的低温环境分离出系统内无法液化的氦气等杂质气体，提高节流阀的稳定性，防止节流阀前气液两相流，进而提高换热器换热效率，广泛用于液化天然气的净化。

Description

一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，属于化工与低温工程技术领域。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展，对能源的需求越来越大，特别是对清洁能源的需求量逐渐增大，天然气作为清洁能源如今被大量使用，天然气储存与运输作为天然气工业重要组成部分。随着技术的发展出现多种天然气运输与储存型式，如CNG(压缩天然气)、LNG(液化天然气)等形式。目前，对于LNG存在多种液化技术，如级联式液化流程、混合制冷剂液化流程、带膨胀机液化流程等，各种流程各有优缺点。
MRC混合制冷剂液化流程由于其能耗比较低、工艺比较简单、设备可靠而被广泛运用。目前采用MRC混合制冷剂进行液化流程通常是采用五组分混合制冷剂(甲烷、乙烯、丙烷、氮气、异戊烷)。五种组分的比例对能耗和系统的稳定运行影响非常大。因此，五种组分的纯净度下降，就会导致高能耗从而增加运行成本。
同时，氦气临界温度-267.8℃，氮气临界温度-146.9℃，MRC循环中最低温度也不可能使氦气液化，因此氦气存在会使得节流阀处产生气液两相流，对产品阀和压缩机造成损害，同时氦气的存在会降低换热器的换热效率。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明提供了一种利用净化器提高混合制冷剂纯度的混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，包括用于储存混合制冷剂的进气缓冲罐，所述进气缓冲罐的出气口通过Ⅰ段压缩机与第一冷凝器相连接，所述第一冷凝器与极间分离罐相连接，所述极间分离罐的液相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，通过极间液相节流阀与Ⅰ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅰ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐；
所述极间分离罐的气相出口通过Ⅱ段压缩机与第二冷凝器相连接，所述第二冷凝器与末级分离罐相连接，所述末级分离罐的液相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅱ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅱ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐；
所述末级分离罐的气相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，一部分进入净化器罐，所述净化器罐的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，另一部分通过手动节流阀，再经末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅲ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐，所述净化器罐的顶部设置有放散管路，所述放散管路上安装有放散控制阀，所述净化器罐的底部设置有排污管路，所述排污管路上安装有手动排污阀，所述净化器罐的上部设置有液位计气相接口，下部设置有液位计液相接口。
优选的，一部分进入净化器罐，所述净化器罐的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，另一部分通过流量调节阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接。
优选的，所述净化器罐内安装有不锈钢丝网规整填料的滤芯，或者不锈钢精密过滤器。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术效果：本发明结构简单，使用方便，采用能够脱出固体杂质，减小固体颗粒对冷箱换热器等设备的损坏，同时能够利用MRC系统的低温环境分离出系统内无法液化的氦气等杂质气体，提高节流阀的稳定性，防止节流阀前气液两相流，进而提高换热器换热效率；并且利用制冷剂自身循环过程中的低温分离出杂质气体，能耗低。
附图说明
图1为本发明的MRC循环系统示意图。
图2为实施例一中净化器系统的连接示意图。
图3为实施例二中净化器系统的连接示意图。
图4为本发明中净化器罐中安装不锈钢丝网规整填料滤芯的结构示意图。
图5为本发明中净化器罐中不锈钢精密过滤器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施一
如图1、图2所示，采用节流阀调节通过净化器的流量时，具体包括用于储存混合制冷剂的进气缓冲罐V1，进气缓冲罐V1的出气口通过Ⅰ段压缩机P1与第一冷凝器E2相连接，第一冷凝器E2与极间分离罐V2相连接，极间分离罐V2的液相出口与换热器组E1相连接，经换热器组E1换热后，通过极间液相节流阀FCV0与Ⅰ段换热器分液罐V4相连接，Ⅰ段换热器分液罐V4分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组E1换热后进入进气缓冲罐V1；
极间分离罐V2的气相出口通过Ⅱ段压缩机P2与第二冷凝器E3相连接，第二冷凝器E3与末级分离罐V3相连接，末级分离罐V3的液相出口与换热器组E1相连接，经换热器组E1换热后，通过末级气相节流阀FCV1与Ⅱ段换热器分液罐V5相连接，Ⅱ段换热器分液罐V5分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组E1换热后，进入进气缓冲罐V1；
末级分离罐V3的气相出口与换热器组E1相连接，经换热器组E1换热后，一部分进入净化器罐V7，净化器罐V7的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀FCV2与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐V6相连接，另一部分通过手动节流阀K2，再经末级气相节流阀FCV2与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐V6相连接，Ⅲ段换热器分液罐V6分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐V1，净化器罐V7的顶部设置有放散管路W2，放散管路W2上安装有放散控制阀KV1，净化器罐V7的底部设置有排污管路W1，排污管路W1上安装有手动排污阀K1，净化器罐V7的上部设置有液位计气相接口N6，下部设置有液位计液相接口N5。
由于氦气临界温度是-267.8℃，氦气在MRC系统中不能液化。净化器罐V7中混合冷剂是液相，因此如果存在氦气或其它不液化的杂质气，气液两相分离，气体逐渐聚集，液位逐渐下降，通过液位计液相接口N5、液位计气相接口N6连接的液位计监控液位，通过放散口N4连接的放散控制阀KV1放散气体从而调节液位，使液位保持正常范围。即，当液位低于下限值时，打开放散控制阀KV1，气体通过进入放散管路W2，液位上升；当液位达到上线值时，关闭放散控制阀KV1停止放散气体，逐渐聚集氦气等杂质气体，当MRC混合制冷剂入口N1、MRC混合制冷剂出口N2压差过大时，将V7切出MRC系统，逐渐恢复常温，通过排污口N3、手动排污阀K1进入排污管路W1，液氮置换净化器罐V7后，重新投入MRC系统。
由于MRC混合制冷剂末级气相出换热器组E1后，均处于高压低温状态，此时各种制冷剂均处于液态。杂质气氦气处于气态。在通过净化器罐V7时，气液两相分离，气相聚集在净化器顶部，液相通过过滤器，过滤掉固体杂质，如二氧化碳、重烃等一些在此温度下为固体颗粒的杂质。经过净化器的制冷剂与通过手动节流阀K2的冷剂混合后经末级气相节流阀PCV2节流降温后，通过分液罐气相和液相分别返回换热器E1。
如图4、图5所示，净化器罐内可以安装不锈钢丝网规整填料制成的滤芯，也可以安装不锈钢精密过滤器，进而提高净化效果。
实施例二
如图1、图3所示，采用流量调节阀控制净化器的流量，此时末级分离罐V3分离出来的气相进入换热器组E1后，一部分进入净化器罐V7，净化器罐V7的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀FCV2与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐V6相连接，另一部分直接通过流量调节阀FCV3节流降温后与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐V6相连接。其余与实施例一相同。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包在本发明范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，其特征在于：包括用于储存混合制冷剂的进气缓冲罐，所述进气缓冲罐的出气口通过Ⅰ段压缩机与第一冷凝器相连接，所述第一冷凝器与极间分离罐相连接，所述极间分离罐的液相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，通过极间液相节流阀与Ⅰ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅰ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐；
所述极间分离罐的气相出口通过Ⅱ段压缩机与第二冷凝器相连接，所述第二冷凝器与末级分离罐相连接，所述末级分离罐的液相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅱ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅱ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐；
所述末级分离罐的气相出口与换热器组相连接，经换热器组换热后，一部分进入净化器罐，所述净化器罐的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，另一部分通过手动节流阀，再经末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，所述Ⅲ段换热器分液罐分离后的气相和液相再经过换热器组换热后进入进气缓冲罐，所述净化器罐的顶部设置有放散管路，所述放散管路上安装有放散控制阀，所述净化器罐的底部设置有排污管路，所述排污管路上安装有手动排污阀，所述净化器罐的上部设置有液位计气相接口，下部设置有液位计液相接口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，其特征在于：一部分进入净化器罐，所述净化器罐的液相出口通过末级气相节流阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接，另一部分通过流量调节阀与Ⅲ段换热器分液罐相连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合制冷剂循环液化天然气自净化系统，其特征在于：所述净化器罐内安装有不锈钢丝网规整填料的滤芯，或者不锈钢精密过滤器。
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