CN107916219A - Anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus and method - Google Patents
Anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus and method, including pretreatment unit and anaerobic fermentation unit；Pretreatment unit includes screening plant, degreasing unit, breaker and pressing device；Anaerobic fermentation unit main body is fermentation tank, with entry/exit material, spoil disposal, electrical control, agitation cycle, collecting methane and heating function component；Entry/exit material component is formed by the feed pipe of the connection pressing device arranged on tank lower end side and arranged on the discharge nozzle of tank upper end opposite side；Electric control module is arranged on tank top, for monitoring the change of anaerobic fermentation process temperature, pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen；Agitation cycle component is made up of the suction/fill cycle pipeline for being arranged on blender central in tank and connection tank up/down end of Electronic control；Collecting methane component is arranged on one side ducts of upper end connection collected outside device.Apparatus of the present invention simple and compact, floor space is small, and process is simple, and the degree of automation is high, can realize that stability and high efficiency produces biogas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic solid castoff pollution control and recycling field, more particularly to a kind of kitchen garbage
Anaerobic ferment for methane integrated apparatus and method.
Background technology
With the acceleration of China's suburbia type beauty Rural Development process and the raising of Living consumption, kitchen garbage conduct
The main constituents of organic domestic waste, its proportion and yield cumulative year after year.Kitchen garbage itself has resource with giving up
The double grading of thing, one side kitchen waste biomass content is higher, has the value potentially developed；On the other hand its
Moisture content is high, easily becomes sour rotten, produces pernicious foul smell, grows mosquitos and flies, causes the environmental problems such as pollution of waterhead, serious threat people
The health of class.Therefore, it is right to changing food waste into resources harmless treatment under the background that the problems such as environment, energy becomes increasingly conspicuous
In building beautiful rural area and resource-efficient and environment friendly society, its is significant.
Anaerobic fermentation technology refers under anaerobic conditions, utilize the intrinsic microbiological anaerobic bacterium of nature（Particularly CH4
Bacterium）, by various organic matters（Including organic matter contained in human and animal excreta, agricultural crop straw and industrial or agricultural waste discharge etc.）
As its nutrient source, by CH4Organic matter, is converted into the whole life of biogas and natural pond fertilizer by the metabolic physiological function of bacterium
Production. art process.Since China's kitchen garbage moisture content is higher and the complexity of component, burning, pyrolysis can not fit well
With the country is completed or in the kitchen garbage treatment plant built, is recycling using anaerobic ferment process up to more than 60%
Higher, more mainstream treatment process.
Relatively large-scale kitchen garbage treating stations, also need to build substantial amounts of distributed kitchen in villages and towns in rural areas, community
Then there occurs diversification change for Biohazard Waste Disposal, required apparatus structure, technology controlling and process etc..Different from the kitchen rubbish in city
Rubbish anaerobic fermentation treatment process system, investment, land used, auxiliary facility, management service needed for it etc., usually requires that higher, pin
It is relatively small to villages and towns in rural areas, its treatment scale of community, lack suitable processing unit and method.Therefore, based on technology, warp
Ji is angularly set out, it would be highly desirable to develops anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste processing unit with strong points, to have a wide range of application, has well
Application prospect and huge actual application value.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane
Integrated apparatus and method, the device and method present invention can realize the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane of stability and high efficiency,
Apparatus structure simple and compact, land area is small, and process is simple, and operational management is convenient, and the degree of automation is high, collects multi-functional in one
Body, work efficiency are high.
Technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus, it is characterised in that：Integrated apparatus includes pretreatment unit
And anaerobic fermentation unit two parts；Pretreatment unit includes screening plant, degreasing unit, breaker and pressing device, each dress
Put and connected by pipeline, and same fixed mechanism is invested with anaerobic fermentation unit；Anaerobic fermentation unit main body is anaerobic fermentation tank, attached
There are entry/exit material component, spoil disposal component, electric control module, agitation cycle component, collecting methane component and heating and thermal insulation group
Part.
The screening plant, is roto-siofter, vibrating screen, gravity flow screen or shaker screen；The degreasing unit, to utilize weight
The equipment of power isolation technics, centrifugal separation technology or dissolved air flotation technology；The breaker, is hammer mill, impact
Formula crusher, shear crusher or kibbler roll.
The pretreatment unit, by by screening plant, degreasing unit, breaker and pressing device with certain order
Connection, realizes screening-oil removing-broken-squeezing process, broken-screening-oil removing-squeezing process or screening-oil removing-broken-sieve
Point-squeezing process.
The pretreatment unit, with the one of which including heat treatment, acid treatment, freeze-thaw processing or several pre-
Treatment process is combined.
The anaerobic fermentation tank, its feeding assembly be arranged on retort upper end side the feed pipe with gate valve, this into
Expects pipe one end horizontally extends into retort, other end connection screw extruder；Discharge component is arranged on retort upper end opposite side, downwards
Retort is stretched into, and is connected with the external world；Spoil disposal component is realized outer by the external collection device of sludge pipe of fermenter base both sides
Row；Electric control module is arranged on retort top, for monitoring the change of temperature in anaerobic fermentation process, pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen
Change；Agitation cycle component is by the blender being arranged in the middle part of retort, the function of circular water absorption pipe of retort upper end by Electronic control
And its circulation water inlet pipe composition of lower end, for inoculation substrate and kitchen garbage after pretreatment to be sufficiently stirred；Natural pond
Gas collection assembly, by arranged on reaction upper end side biogas pipe connection collected outside device；Heating and thermal insulation component, arranged on retort
Outer wall, is heated by chuck heat transfer, while utilizes electric control module control temperature.
The anaerobic fermentation tank, probe tube is equipped with its outer wall side at different height, and top is equipped with watch window.
The heating and thermal insulation component, for electric heating heating or heating water bath.
The agitation cycle component includes blender and recirculation assembly：Blender is paddle, anchor formula, frame or spiral
Formula；Recirculation assembly uses interior circulation, by being formed for motor, circulation water inlet pipe, function of circular water absorption pipe, by being connected with timer, from
Dynamic control operation.
The anaerobic fermentation tank, pipeline are stainless steel.
A kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane method of above device, comprises the following steps：
1）Design and produce production anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus；
2）Processing parameter is set, the technological parameter includes pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid
Solid holdup and anaerobic fermentation temperature；
3）Kitchen garbage is pre-processed using pretreatment unit；
4）The preprocessed anaerobic fermentation tank that is transported to of kitchen garbage carries out Anaerobic Treatment；
5）Inoculation substrate is added into anaerobic fermentation tank；
6）Kitchen garbage and inoculation substrate are fully mixed by agitation cycle component；
7）Temperature adjustment is carried out to anaerobic fermentation system by heating and thermal insulation component so that anaerobic fermentation system maintains stable
Preset temperature；
8）Periodic monitoring anaerobic fermentation system water quality index, methane production index, until stable reaction, periodically charging, discharge slag
Liquid；
9）Change processing parameter, the technological parameter includes pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid
Solid holdup and anaerobic fermentation temperature, repeat step 3）~ step 8）, collate the minutes creation data and analysis result, obtains stablizing height
The method for imitating producing methane.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
1. pretreatment unit process sequence is changeable, a variety of processing modes can be freely combined, and tackle China different regions kitchen garbage
The complexity of component, the scope of application are wider；
2. integrated apparatus is simple and compact for structure, land area is small, integrates multiple functions, and investment is relatively fewer；
3. anaerobic fermentation tank is using temperature, pressure automatic control mode, process is simple, and operational management is convenient；
4. the biogas produced after the degraded of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation, it is real for resident living to can access tourism Rural Families user
With.The biogas slurry produced after fermentation can be used as liquid state organic fertilizer in agricultural irrigation Chinese garden planting etc. after denitrogenation, desalting processing
Field widely uses.Biogas residue can also be used as Fertilizer application after aerobic compost, so as to fulfill the minimizing of kitchen garbage, resource
Change is handled, and realizes the situation of economic interests and social benefit win-win.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the anaerobic fermentation tank plane of the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 is that the anaerobic fermentation tank A-A of the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is cutd open
Face figure.
Fig. 5 is that the anaerobic fermentation tank B-B of the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is cutd open
Face figure.
Fig. 6 is that the anaerobic fermentation tank C-C of the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is cutd open
Face figure.
In figure：Sifter 1；Silo 1-1；Oil expeller 2；Crusher 3；Screw extruder 4；Non-return valve 4-1；Butterfly valve 4-2；
Anaerobic jar 5；Cylindrical anaerobic jar cylinder of steel body 5-1；Tank body basis 5-2；Sludge pipe 5-3；Agitating shaft 5-4；Motor 5-5；Blade 5-
6；Feed pipe 5-7；Discharge nozzle 5-8；Observation window 5-9；Biogas pipe 5-10；Pressure protection module 5-11；Electric control module 5-12；
Positive pressure protection device 5-13；Negative pressure protector 5-14；Protector casing 5-15；Function of circular water absorption pipe 5-16；Circulation water inlet pipe 5-17；Electricity
Machine 5-18；Heating and thermal insulation component 5-19；Probe tube 5-20；Fixed mechanism 6.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the screening of kitchen waste pre-processing device, oil removing, it is broken after through screw conveyor be promoted to one
Change anaerobic fermentation tank and carry out Anaerobic Treatment, the biogas that integration fermentation produces is handled and passed through by steam-water separator, desulfurizing tower
After the metering of biogas flowmeter, for other biogas utilizations.Biogas slurry, the biogas residue of anaerobic fermentation tank generation are discharged into the storage of biogas slurry pond.Natural pond
Liquid is applied to the comprehensive utilization such as nursery stock, orchard, Vegetable Base, and the bottom biogas residue of precipitation is applied to nuisanceless farmland or heap
Fertilizer.
As shown in Fig. 2, anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus of the present invention, integrated apparatus includes pretreatment
Two parts of unit and anaerobic fermentation unit；Kitchen waste pre-processing device sifter 1, oil expeller 2, crusher 3, it is spiral squeeze
The size scale of press 4 is designed according to the inlet amount of 20kg/d；The vibration decomposition sieve of the sifter is 450 × 1250mm,
Power 0.18kw, crusher size are 300 × 300mm, power 1.5kw, a diameter of 125mm of screw extruder, power
0.75kw；The anaerobic jar size is diameter 0.8m；It is larger-diameter in the silo 1-1 of kitchen garbage access sifter 1
Material is blocked first, is then entered crusher 3 by water-oil separating, kitchen garbage by pipeline, is formed homogeneous
Kitchen garbage feed liquid, then by pipeline to screw extruder 4, by kitchen garbage expression separation slagging, slurry, then passes through spiral shell
Inclined tube in rotation extruder 4 is connected with anaerobic jar 5, and pipeline is equipped with non-return valve 4-1, butterfly valve 4-2, and bottom material is delivered to anaerobic jar 5
In；Each equipment is connected by pipeline, and pipeline is equipped with gate valve, and is fixed on same fixed mechanism 6.
As shown in figure 3, the anaerobic jar 5, including cylindrical anaerobic jar cylinder of steel body 5-1, tank body basis 5-2（By steel plate
Manufactured tank body substrate）；The spoil disposal component is arranged in parallel the sludge pipe 5-3 of 2 DN100 in the bottom of anaerobic jar 5,
Can external collection device；The agitating device includes the agitating shaft 5-4 for being installed on the center of anaerobic jar 5, is arranged on upper end
Motor 5-5 and 2 pairs are in the blade 5-6 gone out away from tank bottom 0.2m and 0.4, power of motor 1.5kw, for will inoculation substrate and warp
Pretreated kitchen garbage is sufficiently stirred, and improves reaction efficiency；The entry/exit material component includes being located at away from tank bottom
At 0.8m external screw extruder 4 with the feed pipe 5-7 that stretches in level and away from tank bottom 0.65m at and tank skin into 30 ° of angles to
The discharge nozzle 5-8 of outer external discharging collection device；The observation window 5-9 is DN150, is arranged on upper end, window center away from
At tank wall 150mm；The collecting methane component, the external collections of biogas pipe 5-10 of the DN25 by being arranged on upper end
Device.
As shown in figures 3 to 6, the anaerobic jar 5, electric control module are arranged on retort top, pressure protection module 5-
Stretch tank body in 11 probe, the body of pressure protection module 5-11 is installed on tank wall and locates away from tank bottom 0.85m, and it is warm to survey collection in one
The probe of the multi-functional electric control module 5-12 of degree, pH, dissolved oxygen stretches into tank body, the machine of electric control module 5-12
Body is installed on tank wall is away from tank bottom 0.35m at, is respectively used to monitor pressure, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen in anaerobic fermentation process
Change.The pressure protection module 5-11 includes positive pressure protection device 5-13, negative pressure protector 5-14 and protector casing 5-15,
Fermentation tank is connected with positive and negative pressure protector by protector casing.Positive and negative pressure protector adjusts fermentation pressure inside the tank, prevents tank
Cubical expansion splits or is extruded；The electric control module 5-12 selects pH dissolved oxygen instruments；Recirculation assembly further include in stretch 0.1m,
Circulation water inlet pipe 5-17 and motor 5-18 at tube center distance tank bottom 0.5m at function of circular water absorption pipe 5-16,0.1m of DN50, lead to
Motor operating is crossed, fill cycle pipeline, water suction circulating line and the tank interior that outside is connected with each other form a circulation line；
The anaerobic jar, external probe tube 5-20 is set in its outer wall side at 0.25m, 0.5m respectively；The heating and thermal insulation group
Part 5-19, is wrapped in reaction tank wall, is heated by heat transfer, while utilizes electric control module control temperature, heating
Power is 5kw；The anaerobic jar interior conduit, pipe fitting are stainless steel.
A kind of method of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane using above device, comprises the following steps：
1）Design and produce scale up test anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus.Base of the present invention in laboratory model
On plinth, a kind of integrated apparatus is designed and developed according to kitchen garbage 20kg/d inlet amounies.
2）Related data is arranged, with reference to pertinent literature, sets processing parameter, including pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate
Type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid solid holdup, anaerobic fermentation temperature etc.；By reference to pertinent literature and arrangement, such as 1）Process experiment
Data, obtain kitchen garbage and anaerobic sludge common fermentation production biogas optimal proportion；Obtain kitchen garbage and sludge different ratio
Influence to anaerobic fermentation microbiologic population etc., Preliminary design associated production technological parameter.
3）Start to pre-process kitchen garbage.Present example using physics screening, water-oil separating, swing crushing,
The process of screw press pre-processes kitchen garbage.
4）The preprocessed anaerobic fermentation tank that is transported to of kitchen garbage carries out Anaerobic Treatment.By way of screw extrusion, it will press
Organic matter after squeezing is transported to anaerobic fermentation tank by feed pipe.
5）Add inoculation substrate.The present invention using anaerobic sludge and kitchen garbage mixed fermentation, first in the lab into
Row anaerobic fermentation is tamed, and is then used for subsequent experimental as kind of mud after its methane phase stabilization.It tames key reaction condition：Room
30 °C of temperature, add weekly suitable kitchen garbage, comes into operation after continuously adding 8 times as kind of mud.
6）Kitchen garbage and inoculation substrate are fully mixed.Circulated by the agitating device and water that are arranged on tank body center
Device is realized.
7）Temperature adjustment is carried out to anaerobic fermentation system so that anaerobic fermentation system maintains stable preset temperature.Just
Step control fermentation temperature carries out under mesophilic condition.
8）The indexs such as periodic monitoring anaerobic fermentation system water quality index, methane production, until stable reaction.Monitor including
Learn oxygen demand, volatile fatty acid, dehydrogenase activity, total solids content, volatile solid content, ammonia nitrogen, coenzyme F420, methane
Bacterial content etc.；Periodically charging, discharge slag liquid.
9）Change processing parameter, including pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid solid holdup, detest
Aerobe fermentation temperature etc., repeat step 3）~ step 8）, collate the minutes creation data and analysis result, finally obtains a kind of stable high
The method for imitating producing methane.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail in good embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, can be to the present invention's
Technical solution technical scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it should all cover
Among scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus, it is characterised in that：It is single that integrated apparatus includes pretreatment Member and anaerobic fermentation unit two parts；Pretreatment unit includes screening plant, degreasing unit, breaker and pressing device, respectively Device is connected by pipeline, and invests same fixed mechanism with anaerobic fermentation unit；Anaerobic fermentation unit main body is anaerobic fermentation tank, With entry/exit material component, spoil disposal component, electric control module, agitation cycle component, collecting methane component and heating and thermal insulation group Part.
- 2. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sieve Separating device, is roto-siofter, vibrating screen, gravity flow screen or shaker screen；The degreasing unit, to utilize Gravity Separation technology, centrifugation The equipment of isolation technics or dissolved air flotation technology；The breaker, is hammer mill, impact crusher, shearing Crusher or kibbler roll.
- 3. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is pre- Processing unit, by the way that screening plant, degreasing unit, breaker and pressing device are necessarily linked in sequence, realization is sieved-removed Oil-broken-squeezing process, broken-screening-oil removing-squeezing process or screening-oil removing-broken-screening-squeezing process.
- 4. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is pre- Processing unit, is combined with the one of which including heat treatment, acid treatment, freeze-thaw processing or several pretreating process.
- 5. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described detests Aerobe fermentation tank, its feeding assembly are arranged on the feed pipe with gate valve of retort upper end side, which horizontally extends into Retort, other end connection screw extruder；Discharge component is arranged on retort upper end opposite side, extends downwardly into retort, and with External world's connection；Spoil disposal component realizes outer row by the external collection device of sludge pipe of fermenter base both sides；Electric control module Arranged on retort top, for monitoring the change of temperature in anaerobic fermentation process, pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen；Agitation cycle component by Intake by the circulation of the blender being arranged in the middle part of retort of Electronic control, the function of circular water absorption pipe of retort upper end and its lower end Pipe forms, for inoculation substrate and kitchen garbage after pretreatment to be sufficiently stirred；Collecting methane component, by arranged on anti- Answer upper end side biogas pipe connection collected outside device；Heating and thermal insulation component, arranged on reaction tank wall, passes through chuck heat transfer Heated, while utilize electric control module control temperature.
- 6. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described detests Aerobe fermentation tank, probe tube is equipped with its outer wall side at different height, and top is equipped with watch window.
- 7. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described adds Hot heat insulation module, for electric heating heating or heating water bath.
- 8. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described stirs Mixing recirculation assembly includes blender and recirculation assembly：Blender is paddle, anchor formula, frame or spiral；In recirculation assembly uses Circulation, by being formed for motor, circulation water inlet pipe, function of circular water absorption pipe, by being connected with timer, auto-controll operation.
- 9. anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described detests Aerobe fermentation tank, pipeline are stainless steel.
- 10. a kind of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane method based on device any one of claim 1-9, including with Lower step：1) production anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus is designed and produced；2) processing parameter is set, the technological parameter includes pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid Solid holdup and anaerobic fermentation temperature；3) kitchen garbage is pre-processed using pretreatment unit；4) the preprocessed anaerobic fermentation tank that is transported to of kitchen garbage carries out Anaerobic Treatment；5) inoculation substrate is added into anaerobic fermentation tank；6) kitchen garbage and inoculation substrate are fully mixed by agitation cycle component；7) temperature adjustment is carried out to anaerobic fermentation system by heating and thermal insulation component so that anaerobic fermentation system maintains stable Preset temperature；8) periodic monitoring anaerobic fermentation system water quality index, methane production index, until stable reaction, periodically charging, discharge slag Liquid；9) processing parameter is changed, the technological parameter includes pretreatment mode, inoculation substrate type, rate of vaccination, zymotic fluid Solid holdup and anaerobic fermentation temperature, repeat step 3)~step 8), collate the minutes creation data and analysis result, obtains stablizing height The method for imitating producing methane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711218665.XA CN107916219A (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2017-11-28 | Anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste producing methane integrated apparatus and method |
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| CN111215429A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-06-02 | 广东石油化工学院 | Ecological circulating device for harmless treatment of biogas slurry and biogas residues |
| CN111320273A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-23 | 湖南北控威保特环境科技股份有限公司 | Anaerobic fermentation equipment and method |
| CN113351617A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-09-07 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | A multistage utilization of resources device for organic solid waste |
| CN116856766A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-10-10 | 武汉大学 | Resource type zero-carbon movable sink and digital control system thereof |
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