CN106631196B - Light movable type vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and anaerobic fermentation method using same - Google Patents
Light movable type vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and anaerobic fermentation method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN106631196B CN106631196B CN201611220575.XA CN201611220575A CN106631196B CN 106631196 B CN106631196 B CN 106631196B CN 201611220575 A CN201611220575 A CN 201611220575A CN 106631196 B CN106631196 B CN 106631196B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and a method for anaerobic fermentation by using the system. The device is simple and movable, and can prepare biogas from the wastes of planted and processed vegetables generated by intensive vegetable planting areas or dispersed vegetable growers through anaerobic fermentation to obtain organic fertilizer, realize energy utilization of the organic wastes in the vegetable areas, improve the environment of the vegetable areas, improve the quality of the vegetables and improve the land quality of the vegetable areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vegetable waste treatment device in an intensive vegetable area, in particular to a light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and a method for utilizing the system for anaerobic fermentation, and belongs to the technical field of waste recycling.
Background
Since the vegetable basket project is implemented in 1988, the yield of vegetables in China is continuously increased, the variety is increasingly enriched, and the quality of life of people is obviously improved. As a world vegetable big country, China has vegetable planting area of more than 3 hundred million mu and annual yield of more than 7 hundred million tons, and is the first place in the world in terms of vegetable planting area and total vegetable yield.
During the production and processing of vegetables, there are no commercial value of roots, stems, leaves, rotten fruits, and vegetables, which are called vegetable waste. The production amount of vegetable wastes in China is large, and according to statistics, 1.0-1.5 hundred million t of vegetable wastes are produced every year, and the vegetable wastes account for 20-50% of municipal domestic wastes in China. The vegetable waste has high water content and organic matter content, and if the vegetable waste is randomly piled up, the vegetable waste can cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment. And after the vegetable wastes which are randomly dumped and accumulated in the field are rotted and deteriorated, the environmental pollution of air, rivers and underground water is easily caused, thereby influencing the continuous development of vegetable production.
The biomass types of the vegetable wastes are mainly total sugar, protein, fat, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and the vegetable wastes are good biological fermentation raw materials. The main utilization modes of the vegetable wastes are anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have conducted some researches on vegetable waste composting, but the anaerobic digestion process has more advantages compared with the composting. The most important advantage is that the biogas can be generated, can be used for power generation and heat supply, and reduces CO2The digested product can be used as a high-quality fertilizer after simple treatment.
The method is characterized in that the dry fermentation is advocated because the problem can be solved, so-called anaerobic dry fermentation, also called solid anaerobic fermentation, the reaction essence of the anaerobic dry fermentation is the same as that of anaerobic wet fermentation, organic matters are divided into three stages of liquefaction, acidification and methane production through a microbial anaerobic bacteria decomposition fermentation process, ①, in the liquefaction stage, anaerobic bacteria carry out enzymolysis on the organic matters by using enzyme to enable the solid matters to be changed into water-soluble matters, ② in the acid production stage, the soluble matters are generated into acid intermediates by depending on acid-producing bacteria, ③ in the methane production stage, and finally the methane-producing bacteria convert the acid intermediates and other carbohydrates in the materials into the methane.
The anaerobic dry fermentation treatment process is a breakthrough of the traditional wet fermentation anaerobic treatment process, the process changes the mode that the traditional anaerobic treatment process must completely mix raw materials and water, but improves the dry matter concentration of the raw materials to more than 20 percent, and completes the anaerobic process by adopting some effective measures, the process is consistent with the traditional fermentation anaerobic treatment technology in the microenvironment, and can reach the maximum gas production potential of organic matters, and the new process can effectively save the temperature-increasing energy due to the adoption of higher dry matter concentration, does not produce biogas slurry, and cannot cause secondary pollution. The process is particularly suitable for treating solid wastes with high solid content, such as agricultural wastes like rural straws and livestock manure, municipal and rural domestic wastes and the like.
Chinese patent document CN102344232A discloses a method for producing biogas and organic fertilizer by dry fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the steps of directly feeding solid livestock and poultry manure with dry matter concentration of more than 15% into a biogas fermentation device, or mixing the solid livestock and poultry manure with fermentation residues of the livestock and poultry manure and then feeding the mixture into the biogas fermentation device to produce biogas, wherein the fermentation residues are used as organic fertilizer or composted to produce organic fertilizer. Chinese patent document CN101734961A discloses a method for treating vegetable straw waste, which provides a method for harmless treatment by collectively stacking and inoculating vegetable straw waste into composite microorganism for fermentation through studying the composition and properties of the vegetable straw waste. Chinese patent document CN102242057A discloses a spiral drum type dry fermentation device. The method is a spiral cylinder type dry fermentation device which can realize continuous feeding and discharging, uniform mass transfer and stable gas production. Chinese patent document CN 105316220 a discloses an external stirring garage type anaerobic dry fermentation device, which adopts a garage type structure to facilitate feeding and discharging, and drives a garage type fermentation cabin to incline around a fulcrum through an automatic balance telescopic hydraulic cylinder after feeding inoculation, so that leachate flows in the fermentation solid, thereby realizing solving the problems of uneven mass and heat transfer, easy acidification of materials, and simultaneously showing the advantages of simple structure, low device cost and low energy consumption.
Therefore, domestic scholars can study more dry fermentation devices and methods for wastes such as excrement and straw of farms, and no relevant public reports specially aiming at anaerobic dry fermentation devices for vegetable wastes exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a light movable type vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system, which can be designed according to the amount of vegetable waste, and can carry out anaerobic fermentation treatment on vegetable waste generated by intensive vegetable areas or scattered vegetable growers and processed vegetable waste to obtain methane and organic fertilizer, thereby realizing resource utilization of organic waste in the vegetable areas, improving the environment of the vegetable areas, improving the quality of vegetables and improving the land quality of the vegetable areas.
Description of the terms
Vegetable waste: the vegetable waste refers to vegetable leaves, roots, stems, fruits and a large amount of defective vegetables generated in the vegetable planting or processing process. The solid content is 12-25 wt% in mass percentage.
Dry corn stalks: the solid content is 80-90 wt% in percentage by mass.
Inoculum: means substances rich in anaerobic bacteria added to the biogas digester in order to accelerate the start-up speed of the anaerobic fermentation device and improve the fermentation efficiency. The biogas residues in the biogas digester with good fermentation can be selected.
The solid content TS is the percentage of the dry matter mass in the waste to the total mass of the waste.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a light-duty movable vegetables discarded object anaerobism is fermentation system futilely, including rubbing crusher, allotment pond, conveyer belt and the dry fermenting installation of anaerobism that connects in order, the dry fermenting installation of anaerobism include a plurality of anaerobism reaction monomers of connecting side by side, the anaerobism reaction monomer dustcoat of connecting side by side is equipped with sunshine board insulated building, every anaerobism reaction monomer includes retort and gas storage membrane, the gas storage membrane is one end opening, the other end seals, inside storage device who is equipped with gas storage cavity, the open end zonulae occludens of gas storage membrane is at the upper portion edge of retort and the cavity of retort and the gas storage cavity intercommunication of gas storage membrane, connect through the connecting link between adjacent gas storage membrane and the adjacent retort, be provided with the row of cinder notch in the bottom of every retort, the row of cinder notch is sealed with sealed lid.
Preferably, the upper part and the lower part of the side edge of each gas storage film are respectively provided with a connecting ring, the connecting rings on the adjacent gas storage films are connected to form a connecting chain, a hanging ring is arranged at the position of the sunlight plate heat preservation room opposite to the gas storage films, the hanging ring is connected with a hanging hook, and the gas storage films are fixedly connected with the top of the sunlight plate heat preservation room through the hanging hook.
Preferably, the connecting rings are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the side edge of the fermentation tank, and the connecting rings on the adjacent fermentation tanks are connected to form a connecting chain.
Preferably, the side wall of the gas storage film is 1-2mm thick, each gas storage film is connected with a gas guide tube, and the opening end of each gas storage film is horn-shaped. The horn-shaped opening is conveniently connected with the upper part of the reaction tank, and the sealing performance is good.
Preferably, the anaerobic dry fermentation device further comprises a sliding track, the sliding track is covered in the sunlight plate heat preservation room and transversely paved at the bottom of the sunlight plate heat preservation room, a track groove is formed in the sliding track, a pulley is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, the pulley is embedded in the track groove and can slide in the track groove, and the reaction tank is cylindrical.
Preferably, the bottom of the anaerobic dry fermentation device is provided with a support frame, a biogas residue composting device is arranged in the support frame, the biogas residue composting device comprises a composting pool and a blower, and the composting pool of the biogas residue composting device is opposite to a slag discharge port of a reaction tank of the anaerobic dry fermentation device and is used for containing materials discharged by the reaction tank.
After being harvested, the vegetable wastes are crushed by a crusher, blended in a blending pool, then input into an anaerobic fermentation device through a conveyer belt, and enter a biogas residue composting device for composting post-treatment after being fermented by the anaerobic fermentation device.
Preferably, the reaction tank is made of PE, the monomer volume of each reaction tank is 200-400L, and the number of anaerobic reaction monomers is 3-6.
Preferably, the retort also can adopt current plastic refuse bucket to improve and obtain, makes things convenient for business turn over material and removes. In practical application, the number of the anaerobic reaction monomers is set according to the amount of the vegetable wastes, and the reaction tank monomers are sequentially connected through the connecting rings.
Preferably, the sunlight plate heat preservation room is cuboid, and the top wall and the side wall of the sunlight plate heat preservation room are transparent heat preservation sunlight plates with the thickness of 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the front side and the rear side of the sunlight plate heat preservation room are provided with switch doors.
Preferably, the output port of the pulverizer is connected with the blending tank, the bottom of the blending tank is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port of the blending tank is connected with the feed port of the conveyer belt, the discharge port of the conveyer belt is connected with the anaerobic dry fermentation device, and the two side edges of the conveyer belt are provided with guardrails to prevent materials from being scattered.
Preferably, one end of the conveying belt is provided with a buckle which can be tightly connected with the edge of the top of the reaction tank.
The integrated gas storage membrane is made of a corrosion-resistant environment-friendly special composite material and is sold by urban Wanbo environmental protection science and technology Limited.
The pulverizer is a food waste disposer and is commercially available.
The vegetable waste blending tank and the biogas residue composting tank can be designed according to the conventional technology in the field, and preferably have an above brick-concrete structure.
The above-mentioned system for the anaerobic dry fermentation of movable vegetable wastes is designed according to the amount of the vegetable wastes, and those skilled in the art can implement the design according to the general knowledge.
The method for performing dry fermentation by using the light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting vegetable wastes, and crushing the vegetable wastes to 1-2cm by using a crusher;
(2) material adjustment: crushing the vegetable wastes by a crusher, and then blending the vegetable wastes in a blending tank, if the solid content TS of the vegetable wastes is 12-20%, adding corn straws into the vegetable wastes, and adjusting the solid content TS to be 20-25% to obtain a mixed material; if the solid content TS of the vegetable waste is 20-25%, the vegetable waste can be directly fermented by a single material;
(3) and (3) adding an inoculum into the mixed material or the single material obtained in the step (2), adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.0 to obtain a fermented material, conveying the fermented material into the reaction tanks through a conveying belt, moving the fermented material to the lower part of the gas storage film through a sliding track after the feeding of one reaction tank is finished, sealing the gas storage film and the reaction tanks, feeding and sealing the other reaction tanks, closing the opening and closing doors of the sunlight plate heat preservation room, and performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 33-39 ℃.
Preferably, the inoculum is biogas residue in a normal biogas generating pit, the solid content TS of the biogas residue is 20-25% by mass, and the Volatile Solid (VS) of the inoculum is the same as the Volatile Solid (VS) of the mixed material.
The marsh gas generated by the method is dehydrated and desulfurized and then is used for cooking by peasant households and lighting in a sunlight greenhouse; the generated biogas residues are used as base fertilizer for vegetable greenhouses.
Preferably, in the step (2), straws are added into the crushed vegetable waste and are uniformly stirred, and the mass ratio of the added straws to the crushed vegetable waste is as follows: (1-2): (7-20).
According to the invention, the temperature of the anaerobic dry fermentation in the step (3) is preferably 35-37 ℃, and more preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic dry fermentation is 36 ℃.
Most sunlight greenhouses are operated individually, the planting modes are dispersed, more than 10 greenhouses are arranged in each planting main body, less than 1-2 greenhouses are arranged, the quantity of generated vegetable wastes is different, and centralized processing and collection are difficult. The light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and the method for utilizing the system for anaerobic fermentation can set the number of anaerobic dry fermentation devices according to the number of greenhouses and the amount of vegetable waste generated, can move, and is convenient for vegetable growers to use. In addition, biogas is used for supplementing CO during lighting of vegetable greenhouse2The air fertilizer is more convenient.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the anaerobic fermentation method of the vegetable waste is dry fermentation, has high fermentation concentration, does not generate acidification phenomenon to cause system collapse, and does not generate biogas slurry to cause secondary pollution;
2. the movable anaerobic fermentation device is designed according to the characteristics of the vegetable planting area, can be moved randomly according to the requirements, and is convenient to use;
3. the anaerobic fermentation device is characterized in that a plurality of reaction tank monomers are connected in sequence, the number of the fermentation devices can be controlled according to the vegetable waste production amount, and the anaerobic fermentation device is simple and practical.
4. The invention relates to an anaerobic dry fermentation method and device, which have high treatment efficiency and small occupied area, and biogas residues generated after fermentation can be directly used for vegetable fertilizers.
5. The vegetable waste treatment method is convenient to operate, simple to use and maintain and high in practicability, and can be popularized and applied in intensive vegetable areas on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a lightweight mobile vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a material conveyor and connections;
figure 4 is a schematic view of a glide track,
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the pH variation of the fermentation liquid during anaerobic fermentation.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a grinder, 2, a blending tank, 3, an anaerobic dry fermentation device, 4, a biogas residue composting tank, 5, a feeding pump, 6, a conveying belt, 7, a supporting frame, 8, a blower, 9, an anaerobic reaction monomer, 10, a connecting ring, 11, a gas storage film, 12, a connecting chain, 13, a sliding track, 14, a sunlight plate heat preservation room, 16, a buckle, 17, a guardrail, 18, a track groove, 19, a hanging ring, 20 and a reaction tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples. The examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention so that those skilled in the art may further understand the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples are not described in detail and are in accordance with the prior art in the field.
The biogas residues are obtained from a biogas digester which normally and continuously operates for more than 1 month, and are sourced from biogas engineering of professional cooperative society of lucky livestock-raising farmers in the middle of the city of Jinan.
The characteristics of the vegetable waste, cow dung and corn stalks in the examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 vegetable waste and inoculum Properties
Example 1
The utility model provides a light-duty movable vegetables discarded object anaerobism is fermentation system futilely, as shown in fig. 1-4, including rubbing crusher 1 that connects in order, blending tank 2, conveyer belt 6 and anaerobism dry fermentation device 3, anaerobism dry fermentation device 3 includes a plurality of anaerobism reaction monomer 9 of connecting side by side, rubbing crusher 1's delivery outlet is connected with blending tank 2, blending tank 2's bottom is provided with the discharge gate, blending tank 2's discharge gate is connected with conveyer belt 6's feed inlet, conveyer belt 6's discharge gate and anaerobism dry fermentation device 3 are connected, set up the guardrail on conveyer belt 6's both sides limit, prevent that the material from spilling.
Be equipped with sunshine board insulated building 14 in the anaerobic reaction monomer 9 dustcoat that connects side by side, every anaerobic reaction monomer 9 includes retort 20 and gas storage membrane 11, gas storage membrane 11 is one end opening, the other end seals, inside storage device who is equipped with gas storage cavity, gas storage membrane 11's open end zonulae occludens is at retort 20's upper portion edge and retort's cavity and gas storage membrane's gas storage cavity intercommunication, the thickness of 11 lateral walls of gas storage membrane is 2mm, every gas storage membrane all is connected with the air duct, the open end of gas storage membrane is the loudspeaker form. The horn-shaped opening is conveniently connected with the upper part of the reaction tank, and the sealing performance is good.
The upper part and the lower part of the side edge of the gas storage membrane 11 are both provided with connecting rings, the connecting rings on the adjacent gas storage membranes are connected to form a connecting chain 12, the upper part and the lower part of the side edge of the fermentation tank are both provided with connecting rings, and the connecting rings on the adjacent fermentation tanks are connected to form a connecting chain. The position opposite to the gas storage film on the sunlight plate heat preservation room 14 is provided with a hanging ring 19, the hanging ring 19 is connected with a hanging hook, and the gas storage film 11 is fixedly connected with the top of the sunlight plate heat preservation room 14 through the hanging hook.
The anaerobic dry fermentation device also comprises a sliding track 13, the sliding track 13 is covered in the sunlight plate heat preservation room 14 and is transversely paved at the bottom of the sunlight plate heat preservation room 14, a track groove 18 is arranged on the sliding track 13, a pulley is arranged at the bottom of a reaction tank 20, the pulley is embedded in the track groove and can slide in the track groove 18, and the reaction tank is cylindrical. The material of the reaction tank is PE, and the number of anaerobic reaction monomers is 4. The bottom of the anaerobic dry fermentation device is provided with a support frame 7, a biogas residue composting device is arranged in the support frame 7 and comprises a composting pool 4 and an air blower 8, and the composting pool 4 of the biogas residue composting device is opposite to a slag discharge port of a reaction tank of the anaerobic dry fermentation device and is used for containing materials discharged by the reaction tank.
The sunlight plate heat preservation room 14 is cuboid, and the top wall and the side wall are transparent heat preservation sunlight plates with the thickness of 2 cm. The switch doors are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the sunlight plate heat preservation room. One end of the conveying belt is provided with a buckle which can be tightly connected with the edge of the top of the reaction tank.
Example 2
The difference between the system and the embodiment 1 is that:
the number of anaerobic reaction monomers is 3.
Example 3
The difference between the system and the embodiment 1 is that:
the number of anaerobic reaction monomers is 2.
Example 4: 3 sunlight greenhouses, occupying 2000m2The produced rhizome vegetable waste is singly fermented
The characteristics of the rootstock vegetable waste and the inoculum are shown in table 1.
The method for dry fermentation by using the light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system of example 1 comprises the following steps of designing a vegetable waste blending tank with a design volume of 800L and a size of 0.5m × 0.4.4 m × 0.4m, designing a single anaerobic dry fermentation device with a volume of 300L and a size of r =0.31m and h =1m, designing a biogas residue composting device with a design volume of 1000L and a size of 1.0m × 1.0.0 m × 1.0 m.
(1) Crushing the collected vegetable wastes to 1.5 cm;
(2) taking 130kg of crushed vegetable waste, adding 130kg of inoculum, adding a small amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material with a solid TS of 23%; the inoculum is biogas residue in the normal biogas generating pit, the solid content TS of the biogas residue is 20-25% by mass percent,
(3) conveying the fermented materials into the reaction tanks through a conveying belt to obtain the fermented materials, moving the fermented materials to the lower part of the gas storage film through a sliding rail after the feeding of one reaction tank is finished, sealing the gas storage film and the reaction tanks, closing the opening and closing doors of the sunlight plate heat preservation room when the feeding and sealing of other reaction tanks are the same, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 36 ℃; the retention period of the materials is 30d, and the generated biogas is used for lighting in a sunlight greenhouse to increase carbon dioxide fertilizer.
The biogas gas production situation is shown in table 2. compared with the wet fermentation by using the device of the invention, the fermentation time is 40d, the accumulated gas production of single vegetable waste dry fermentation (fermentation concentration is 23.0%) unit VS biogas reaches 424.64m L/g, the accumulated gas production is improved by 26.4% compared with the accumulated gas production of wet fermentation, the methane content in the biogas reaches 58.9%, and the wet fermentation is 53.4%.
The pH of the fermentation broth during anaerobic fermentation is shown in FIG. 5. The pH value of the single vegetable waste dry fermentation is kept between 7.1 and 8.3, the system is stable, the change of the pH value of the wet fermentation is large, the pH value is lower than 5 after 18 days of fermentation and always shows a descending trend, the lowest pH value reaches 4.22, and serious acidification occurs.
TABLE 2 biogas production
| Material(s) | Fermentation concentration (%) | Unit VS biogas cumulative gas production (m L/g) | Average methane concentration in biogas (%) |
| Dry fermentation of single vegetable waste | 23.0 | 424.64 | 58.9 |
| Wet fermentation of single vegetable waste | 12.0 | 312.55 | 53.4 |
Example 5: 3 sunlight greenhouses, occupying 2000m2The produced rhizome vegetable waste is mixed with cow dung for fermentation
The characteristics of the root vegetable waste, cow dung and inoculum are shown in table 1.
The method for dry fermentation by using the light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system of example 1 comprises the following steps of designing a vegetable waste blending tank with a design volume of 800L and a size of 0.5m × 0.4.4 m × 0.4m, designing a single anaerobic dry fermentation device with a volume of 300L and a size of r =0.31m and h =1m, designing a biogas residue composting device with a design volume of 1000L and a size of 1.0m × 1.0.0 m × 1.0 m.
(1) Crushing the collected vegetable wastes to 1.5cm for later use;
(2) taking 104kg of crushed vegetable waste and 26kg of cow dung, adding 130kg of inoculum, adding a small amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, wherein the solid TS is 23%; the inoculum is biogas residue in the normal biogas generating pit, the solid content TS of the biogas residue is 20-25% by mass percent,
(3) conveying the fermented materials into the reaction tanks through a conveying belt to obtain the fermented materials, moving the fermented materials to the lower part of the gas storage film through a sliding rail after the feeding of one reaction tank is finished, sealing the gas storage film and the reaction tanks, closing the opening and closing doors of the sunlight plate heat preservation room when the feeding and sealing of other reaction tanks are the same, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 36 ℃; the retention period of the materials is 30d, and the generated biogas is used for lighting in a sunlight greenhouse to increase carbon dioxide fertilizer.
The biogas gas production condition is shown in table 3. the vegetable waste and the cow dung which are prepared by the method and the device are subjected to dry fermentation according to the proportion of 4:1, the fermentation time is 40d, the cumulative gas production per VS biogas reaches 412.67m L/g, the gas production is improved by 11.5% compared with the proportion of 1:1, and the methane content in the biogas is more than 57%, so that the difference is small.
TABLE 3 biogas production
| Vegetable waste: cow dung (wet weight) | Fermentation concentration (%) | Unit VS biogas cumulative gas production (m L/g) | Average methane concentration in biogas (%) |
| 4:1 | 23.0 | 412.67 | 57.9 |
| 3:1 | 23.0 | 390.81 | 57.2 |
| 2:1 | 23.0 | 389.41 | 57.4 |
| 1:1 | 23.0 | 365.08 | 56.6 |
Example 6: 3 sunlight greenhouses, occupying 2000m2The produced leaf and fruit vegetable waste is mixed with straw for fermentation
The characteristics of the leafy fruit vegetable waste, straw and inoculum are shown in table 1.
The method for dry fermentation by using the light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system of example 1 comprises the following steps of designing a vegetable waste blending tank with a design volume of 800L and a size of 0.5m × 0.4.4 m × 0.4m, designing a single anaerobic dry fermentation device with a volume of 300L and a size of r =0.31m and h =1m, designing a biogas residue composting device with a design volume of 1000L and a size of 1.0m × 1.0.0 m × 1.0 m.
(1) Crushing the collected vegetable wastes to 1.5cm for later use;
(2) crushing the collected corn straws to about 1cm for later use;
(3) taking 104kg of crushed vegetable waste and 26kg of cow dung, adding 130kg of inoculum, adding a small amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, wherein the solid TS is 23%; the inoculum is biogas residue in the normal biogas generating pit, the solid content TS of the biogas residue is 20-25% by mass percent,
(3) conveying the fermented materials into the reaction tanks through a conveying belt to obtain the fermented materials, moving the fermented materials to the lower part of the gas storage film through a sliding rail after the feeding of one reaction tank is finished, sealing the gas storage film and the reaction tanks, closing the opening and closing doors of the sunlight plate heat preservation room when the feeding and sealing of other reaction tanks are the same, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 36 ℃; the retention period of the materials is 30d, and the generated biogas is used for lighting in a sunlight greenhouse to increase carbon dioxide fertilizer.
The biogas gas production conditions are shown in table 4. the vegetable wastes and the corn straws which are subjected to the method and the device are subjected to dry fermentation according to the proportion of 4:1, the fermentation time is 40d, the cumulative gas production rate of biogas per VS unit is 220.6m L/g, the gas production rate is improved by 10.2% compared with the proportion of 1:1, and the methane content in the biogas is over 56% with little difference.
TABLE 4 biogas production
| Vegetable waste: cow dung (wet weight) | Fermentation concentration (%) | Unit VS biogas cumulative gas production (m L/g) | Average methane concentration in biogas (%) |
| 4:1 | 23.0 | 220.6 | 56.4 |
| 3:1 | 23.0 | 208.3 | 56.2 |
| 2:1 | 23.0 | 202.4 | 56.4 |
| 1:1 | 23.0 | 198.6 | 56.1 |
Claims (8)
1. A light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system comprises a pulverizer, a blending tank, a conveyer belt and an anaerobic dry fermentation device which are sequentially connected, wherein the anaerobic dry fermentation device comprises a plurality of anaerobic reaction monomers which are connected side by side, a sunlight plate heat preservation room is covered outside the anaerobic reaction monomers which are connected side by side, each anaerobic reaction monomer comprises a reaction tank and an air storage film, one end of each air storage film is open, the other end of each air storage film is closed, a storage device with an air storage cavity is arranged in each air storage film, the open end of each air storage film is tightly connected to the edge of the upper part of each reaction tank, the cavity of each reaction tank is communicated with the air storage cavity of each air storage film, the adjacent air storage films and the adjacent reaction tanks are connected through connecting chains, a residue discharge port is arranged at the bottom of each reaction tank, and the residue discharge port;
connecting rings are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the side edge of each gas storage film, the connecting rings on adjacent gas storage films are connected to form a connecting chain, a hanging ring is arranged at a position of the sunlight plate heat preservation room opposite to the gas storage films, the hanging ring is connected with a hanging hook, and the gas storage films are fixedly connected with the top of the sunlight plate heat preservation room through the hanging hook; connecting rings are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the side edge of each reaction tank, and the connecting rings on adjacent reaction tanks are connected to form a connecting chain;
the anaerobic dry fermentation device also comprises a sliding track, the sliding track is covered in the sunlight plate heat preservation room and is transversely paved at the bottom of the sunlight plate heat preservation room, a track groove is arranged on the sliding track, a pulley is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, the pulley is embedded in the track groove and can slide in the track groove, and the reaction tank is cylindrical.
2. The system for anaerobic dry fermentation of vegetable wastes according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the gas storage membrane has a thickness of 1-2mm, each gas storage membrane is connected with a gas guide tube, and the open end of the gas storage membrane is horn-shaped.
3. The system for anaerobic dry fermentation of vegetable wastes with light weight and mobility according to claim 1, wherein a support frame is arranged at the bottom of the anaerobic dry fermentation device, a biogas residue composting device is arranged in the support frame, the biogas residue composting device comprises a composting pool and a blower, and the composting pool of the biogas residue composting device is opposite to a slag discharge port of a reaction tank of the anaerobic dry fermentation device and is used for containing materials discharged from the reaction tank.
4. The light-weight movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction tank is made of PE, the volume of each reaction tank is 200-400L, the number of anaerobic reaction monomers is 3-6, the sunlight plate heat preservation room is rectangular, the top wall and the side wall are transparent heat preservation sunlight plates with the thickness of 1-2cm, and the front side and the rear side of the sunlight plate heat preservation room are provided with switch doors.
5. The light-weight movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein the output port of the pulverizer is connected with a blending tank, the bottom of the blending tank is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port of the blending tank is connected with the feed port of a conveyor belt, the discharge port of the conveyor belt is connected with an anaerobic dry fermentation device, and guardrails are arranged on two side edges of the conveyor belt to prevent materials from spilling; one end of the conveying belt is provided with a buckle.
6. A method for dry fermentation using the lightweight transportable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting vegetable wastes, and crushing the vegetable wastes to 1-2cm by using a crusher;
(2) material adjustment: crushing the vegetable wastes by a crusher, and then blending the vegetable wastes in a blending tank, if the solid content TS of the vegetable wastes is 12-20%, adding corn straws into the vegetable wastes, and adjusting the solid content TS to be 20-25% to obtain a mixed material; if the solid content TS of the vegetable waste is 20-25%, the vegetable waste can be directly fermented by a single material;
(3) and (3) adding an inoculum into the mixed material or the single material obtained in the step (2), adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.0 to obtain a fermented material, conveying the fermented material into the reaction tanks through a conveying belt, moving the fermented material to the position below the gas storage film through a sliding track after the feeding of one reaction tank is finished, sealing the gas storage film and the reaction tanks, feeding and sealing the other reaction tanks, closing the opening and closing doors of the sunlight plate heat preservation room, and performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 33-39 ℃.
7. The dry fermentation method according to claim 6, wherein the inoculum is biogas residue in a normal biogas generating pit, the solid content TS of the biogas residue is 20-25% by mass, and the weight ratio of Volatile Solids (VS) of the inoculum to Volatile Solids (VS) of the mixed material is the same.
8. The dry fermentation method according to claim 6, wherein the straw is added into the crushed vegetable waste in the step (2) and is uniformly stirred, and the mass ratio of the added straw to the crushed vegetable waste is as follows: (1-2): (7-20); the temperature of the anaerobic dry fermentation in the step (3) is 35-37 ℃.
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| CN101830744B (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2012-12-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for simultaneously producing electric fertilizer by mixing and continuous dry fermentation of raw materials with complementary characteristics |
| CN101974413A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-02-16 | 东北农业大学 | Dry type anaerobic fermentation tank |
| CN201883042U (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-06-29 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Column-type anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation device |
| PL68718Y1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2016-11-30 | Gascontrol Společnost S R O | Mobile device for dry anaerobic fermentation - bioreactor |
| US20160297700A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-10-13 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Presented By The Minister Of Agriculture And | Psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of high solids content |
| CN104357487A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 中国农业大学 | Method for efficiently producing marsh gas by performing moderate-temperature anaerobic dry fermentation on agricultural waste |
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