CN107118952A - High concentration multi-element material mixing anaerobic reaction test device - Google Patents
High concentration multi-element material mixing anaerobic reaction test device Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于沼气能源领域内的一种高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置，由发酵罐10和进料管8组成，其特征在于进料管8的出口位于发酵罐10内的底部；发酵罐10侧壁的不同高度和不同方向设置有取样口15；发酵罐10上部侧壁设置有出料口16，发酵罐10的底板14上设置有排空口13，发酵罐10的顶盖5上设置有沼气口1，安装有搅拌电机2、电热器3和温度传感器4；搅拌电机2与发酵罐10内的搅拌器17连接；发酵罐10四周设置有保温层。本发明克服了现有厌氧反应装置只能是同类原料混合，发酵液固含量不高的缺陷，提供的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置使用多种类原料，发酵液固含量高。
The present invention belongs to a high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device in the field of biogas energy, which is composed of a fermenter 10 and a feed pipe 8, and is characterized in that the outlet of the feed pipe 8 is located at the bottom of the fermenter 10; Different heights and different directions of the side walls of the tank 10 are provided with sampling ports 15; A biogas port 1 is arranged on the top, and a stirring motor 2, an electric heater 3 and a temperature sensor 4 are installed; the stirring motor 2 is connected to the stirrer 17 in the fermenter 10; the fermenter 10 is surrounded by an insulating layer. The invention overcomes the defect that the existing anaerobic reaction device can only mix similar raw materials and the solid content of the fermentation liquid is not high, and the provided high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device uses a variety of raw materials, and the solid content of the fermentation liquid is high.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于沼气能源领域，具体涉及一种高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置。The invention belongs to the field of biogas energy, and in particular relates to a high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device.
背景技术Background technique
沼气发酵原料通常为以下四类: ①农业废弃物（畜禽粪便、作物秸秆）；②产业废弃物（酒糟、甘蔗渣、豆渣）；③城市生活垃圾（餐厨垃圾、混合生活垃圾）；④污水污泥。目前的多元物料混合厌氧发酵的原料种类只能是同类原料混合，因为不同种类原料的流变性不同，混合后混合物料的流变性很难把握。现有厌氧发酵产沼气装置的发酵液TS（固含量）浓度一般在6~12%，高于12%后，物料不易流动，进出料困难。Biogas fermentation raw materials usually fall into the following four categories: ①Agricultural waste (livestock and poultry manure, crop straw); ②Industrial waste (distiller's grains, bagasse, bean dregs); ③Municipal domestic waste (kitchen waste, mixed domestic waste); ④ sewage sludge. The current multi-material mixed anaerobic fermentation raw materials can only be mixed with the same kind of raw materials, because the rheological properties of different types of raw materials are different, and it is difficult to grasp the rheological properties of the mixed materials after mixing. The TS (solid content) concentration of the fermentation liquid in the existing anaerobic fermentation biogas production device is generally 6-12%. If it is higher than 12%, the material will not flow easily, and it will be difficult to feed and discharge the material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有厌氧反应装置只能是同类原料混合，发酵液固含量不高的缺陷，为人们提供一种使用多种类原料，发酵液固含量高的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the existing anaerobic reaction device can only mix the same kind of raw materials and the solid content of the fermentation liquid is not high, and provide people with a kind of high-concentration multi-component material mixing with various raw materials and high solid content of the fermentation liquid Anaerobic reaction test device.
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案来实现的。The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
本发明的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置，由发酵罐10和进料管8组成，其特征在于进料管8的出口位于发酵罐10内的底部；发酵罐10侧壁的不同高度和不同方向设置有取样口15；发酵罐10上部侧壁设置有出料口16，发酵罐10的底板14上设置有排空口13，发酵罐10的顶盖5上设置有沼气口1，安装有搅拌电机2、电热器3和温度传感器4；搅拌电机2与发酵罐10内的搅拌器17连接；发酵罐10四周设置有保温层，分别为顶保温层7，底保温层12和壁保温层11。The high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device of the present invention is composed of a fermenter 10 and a feed pipe 8, and is characterized in that the outlet of the feed pipe 8 is located at the bottom of the fermenter 10; the different heights of the side walls of the fermenter 10 Sampling ports 15 are provided in different directions; the upper side wall of the fermenter 10 is provided with a discharge port 16, the bottom plate 14 of the fermenter 10 is provided with an emptying port 13, and the top cover 5 of the fermenter 10 is provided with a biogas port 1, Stirring motor 2, electric heater 3 and temperature sensor 4 are installed; Stirring motor 2 is connected with agitator 17 in fermenter 10; Insulation layer 11.
上述方案中，所述进料管8通过进料管固定装置9固定在发酵罐10上。In the above solution, the feed pipe 8 is fixed on the fermenter 10 by the feed pipe fixing device 9 .
上述方案中，所述顶盖5通过法兰6与发酵罐10连接。In the above solution, the top cover 5 is connected to the fermenter 10 through the flange 6 .
本发明的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置操作流程如下：The operation process of the high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device of the present invention is as follows:
首先确定原料种类、配比和固含量，原料进行预处理，投料，搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正，实验总结；其中，试验时，根据菌种数量多少逐步增加发酵原料数量，增加原料过程中重复操作流程：搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正，最后加入到负荷的100%，搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正。First determine the type, ratio and solid content of raw materials, pretreatment of raw materials, feeding, stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction, and experiment summary; Among them, during the test, gradually increase the number of fermentation raw materials according to the number of strains, increase Repeat the operation process in the raw material process: stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction, and finally add 100% of the load, stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction.
本发明采用从底部进料，上部出料，增加搅拌装置来解决多种类原料和高固含量混合物料的不易流动特性，并通过逐步提高负荷的方法，让物料在反应器中充分发酵，从而来研究其发酵特性。本发明的试验装置可同时使用四类原料，发酵液TS浓度可高达16%~18%。The present invention adopts feeding from the bottom, discharging from the top, and adding a stirring device to solve the difficult-to-flow characteristics of various raw materials and high-solid-content mixed materials, and through the method of gradually increasing the load, the materials are fully fermented in the reactor, thereby coming Study its fermentation properties. The test device of the present invention can use four types of raw materials at the same time, and the TS concentration of the fermentation liquid can be as high as 16% to 18%.
综上所述，本发明克服了现有厌氧反应装置只能是同类原料混合，发酵液固含量不高的缺陷，提供的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置使用多种类原料，发酵液固含量高。In summary, the present invention overcomes the defect that the existing anaerobic reaction device can only mix similar raw materials, and the solid content of the fermentation liquid is not high. High solid content.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的仰视示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention.
图3为本发明的顶盖示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the top cover of the present invention.
图中：1：沼气口；2：搅拌电机；3：电热器；4：温度传感器；5：顶盖；6：法兰；7：顶保温层；8：进料管；9：进料管固定装置；10：发酵罐；11：壁保温层；12：底保温层；13：排空口；14：底板；15：取样口；16：出料口；17：搅拌器。In the figure: 1: Biogas port; 2: Stirring motor; 3: Electric heater; 4: Temperature sensor; 5: Top cover; 6: Flange; 7: Top insulation layer; 8: Feed pipe; 9: Feed pipe Fixing device; 10: fermentation tank; 11: wall insulation layer; 12: bottom insulation layer; 13: emptying port; 14: bottom plate; 15: sampling port; 16: discharge port; 17: agitator.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过实施例进一步详述本发明，但本发明不仅限于所述实施例。The present invention is further described in detail below through examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
实施例一Embodiment one
本例的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置如图1、图2和图3所示，由发酵罐10和进料管8组成，其特征在于进料管8的出口位于发酵罐10内的底部；发酵罐10侧壁的不同高度和不同方向设置有取样口15；发酵罐10上部侧壁设置有出料口16，发酵罐10的底板14上设置有排空口13，发酵罐10的顶盖5上设置有沼气口1，安装有搅拌电机2、电热器3和温度传感器4；搅拌电机2与发酵罐10内的搅拌器17连接；发酵罐10四周设置有保温层，分别为顶保温层7，底保温层12和壁保温层11。The high-concentration multi-component material mixed anaerobic reaction test device of this example is shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, is made up of fermentor 10 and feed pipe 8, is characterized in that the outlet of feed pipe 8 is located in fermentor 10 The bottom of the bottom of the fermentor 10 sidewalls is provided with sampling ports 15 in different heights and in different directions; The top cover 5 is provided with a biogas port 1, and a stirring motor 2, an electric heater 3 and a temperature sensor 4 are installed; the stirring motor 2 is connected to the stirrer 17 in the fermenter 10; the fermenter 10 is surrounded by an insulating layer, respectively Top insulation layer 7, bottom insulation layer 12 and wall insulation layer 11.
进料管8通过进料管固定装置9固定在发酵罐10上。The feeding pipe 8 is fixed on the fermenter 10 by the feeding pipe fixing device 9 .
顶盖5通过法兰6与发酵罐10连接。The top cover 5 is connected to the fermenter 10 through a flange 6 .
本例的高浓度多元物料混合厌氧反应试验装置操作流程如下：The operation flow of the high-concentration multi-material mixed anaerobic reaction test device in this example is as follows:
首先确定原料种类、配比和固含量，原料进行预处理，投料，搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正，实验总结；其中，试验时，根据菌种数量多少逐步增加发酵原料数量，增加原料过程中重复操作流程：搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正，最后加入到负荷的100%，搅拌混合、发酵，试验参数监控、参数修正。First determine the type, ratio and solid content of raw materials, pretreatment of raw materials, feeding, stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction, and experiment summary; Among them, during the test, gradually increase the number of fermentation raw materials according to the number of strains, increase Repeat the operation process in the raw material process: stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction, and finally add 100% of the load, stirring and mixing, fermentation, test parameter monitoring, parameter correction.
具体操作流程如下：The specific operation process is as follows:
1.确定原料种类及配比：㈠原料种类确定，首先根据试验需要确定原料的种类（农业废弃物、产业废弃物、农村生活垃圾、污水污泥），㈡原料种类间配比确定，在确定好选择什么样的原料混合后根据不同原料的C/N（碳/氮）比以及适合沼气发酵最优营养条件确定各种原料之间的配比。㈢确定原料的TS浓度，根据试验需要拟定原料的TS浓度。目前，沼气发酵原料的TS浓度一般在6~12%，本实验设计的原料TS浓度为16~18%。1. Determine the types and proportions of raw materials: (1) determine the types of raw materials, first determine the types of raw materials (agricultural waste, industrial waste, rural domestic waste, sewage sludge) according to the needs of the test, (2) determine the proportion of raw material types, after determining It is best to choose what kind of raw materials to mix and determine the ratio of various raw materials according to the C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio of different raw materials and the optimal nutritional conditions suitable for biogas fermentation. (3) Determine the TS concentration of the raw material, and formulate the TS concentration of the raw material according to the needs of the test. At present, the TS concentration of raw materials for biogas fermentation is generally 6-12%, and the TS concentration of raw materials designed in this experiment is 16-18%.
2.原料预处理：㈠将选定的不同种类的原料进行预处理，秸杆、生活垃圾中的纸屑等需要粉碎的原料粉碎到发酵要求的大小。㈡不同种类的原料混合，根据事先确定的不同种类原料之间的配比（或者以C/N比，或者以质量比）将原料混合均匀。㈢调配原料的TS浓度，根据事先确定好的试验要求的混合发酵原料的TS浓度，第二步中已混合的混合料中加入适量的水，将混合料的TS浓度调整到试验要求的发酵原料的TS浓度。2. Pretreatment of raw materials: (1) Pretreatment of different types of selected raw materials, such as straw and paper scraps in domestic garbage, which need to be crushed, are crushed to the size required for fermentation. (2) Different types of raw materials are mixed, and the raw materials are mixed evenly according to the ratio between different types of raw materials determined in advance (either by C/N ratio or by mass ratio). (3) To adjust the TS concentration of the raw material, according to the TS concentration of the mixed fermentation raw material determined in advance, add an appropriate amount of water to the mixed material in the second step, and adjust the TS concentration of the mixed material to the fermented material required by the test TS concentration.
3.投料：将准备好的发酵原料由装置的进料管8投入实验装置，加料根据菌种数量多少逐步增加发酵原料数量。在加入负荷100%发酵原料时，出料口16有料液流出说明加料已到100%，而后关闭出料口16。3. Feeding: Put the prepared fermentation raw materials into the experimental device through the feeding pipe 8 of the device, and gradually increase the amount of fermentation raw materials according to the number of strains. When loading 100% of the fermentation raw material, the material liquid flowing out from the discharge port 16 indicates that the feed has reached 100%, and then the discharge port 16 is closed.
4.混合搅拌、发酵：加入发酵原料后，启动搅拌电机2，将原料搅拌均匀，原料在装置内发酵25~30天。在原料发酵期间由温度传感器4探测装置内的发酵温度，当温度低于32℃，电热器3通过自动控制系统自动启动。这样发酵温度通过保温层（顶保温层7、壁保温层11、底保温层12）始终控制在35℃左右。4. Mixing and stirring, fermentation: After adding the fermentation raw materials, start the stirring motor 2 to stir the raw materials evenly, and the raw materials are fermented in the device for 25~30 days. During raw material fermentation, the temperature sensor 4 detects the fermentation temperature in the device, and when the temperature is lower than 32° C., the electric heater 3 is automatically started by an automatic control system. Fermentation temperature is controlled at about 35 ℃ all the time by insulation layer (top insulation layer 7, wall insulation layer 11, bottom insulation layer 12) like this.
发酵期间可以通过取样口15取不同时段，不同位置的发酵液测定其参数（全氮、水溶性磷、速效钾等），从而掌握高浓度多元混合物料的发酵特性。During the fermentation period, the parameters (total nitrogen, water-soluble phosphorus, available potassium, etc.) of the fermentation broth can be measured at different periods and locations through the sampling port 15, so as to grasp the fermentation characteristics of the high-concentration multi-component mixed material.
5.试验参数监控、参数修正：原料在装置内发酵25~30天，在这期间监测发酵液的各个参数。原料加入根据菌种数量逐步加到负荷的100%，这个过程中不断对发酵参数进行修正，掌握发酵工艺参数（容积产气率、发酵温度与产气效率的关系）等，为工程实际应用提供依据。5. Test parameter monitoring and parameter correction: the raw materials are fermented in the device for 25-30 days, during which the parameters of the fermentation broth are monitored. Raw materials are gradually added to 100% of the load according to the number of strains. During this process, the fermentation parameters are constantly corrected, and the fermentation process parameters (volume gas production rate, the relationship between fermentation temperature and gas production efficiency) are mastered to provide practical engineering information. in accordance with.
6.试验总结：试验完成，余留的发酵液由排空口13排出装置外。同时对整个试验总结，整理得到需要的科学数据。6. Test summary: After the test is completed, the remaining fermentation liquid is discharged out of the device through the emptying port 13. At the same time, summarize the whole experiment and sort out the required scientific data.
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