CN107910849B - Overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit - Google Patents

Overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107910849B
CN107910849B CN201711315409.2A CN201711315409A CN107910849B CN 107910849 B CN107910849 B CN 107910849B CN 201711315409 A CN201711315409 A CN 201711315409A CN 107910849 B CN107910849 B CN 107910849B
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power supply
resistor
switch
protection circuit
diode
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CN107910849A (en
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蒋建兵
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Shenzhen Phoenix Telecom Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Phoenix Telecom Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H02H11/003Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage

Abstract

The invention discloses an overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down protection circuit, which comprises a first switch, a reverse connection protection circuit, a second switch, an overvoltage protection circuit and a power-down reverse-filling protection circuit; the reverse connection protection circuit is used for controlling the on or off of the first switch and preventing the circuit from outputting a reverse polarity power supply when the polarity of the input power supply is reversely connected; the overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply and the control end of the second switch, and the overvoltage protection circuit prevents the circuit from outputting a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is high voltage; and the power-down reverse-charging protection circuit prevents the power supply at the output end of the circuit from reversely charging to the input end when the input power supply is powered down. So that when the electronic product is connected to the power supply. The electronic product is not damaged by misplug and misplug. In addition, the electronic product cannot be damaged due to overhigh input voltage or power failure, and the damage of the electronic product in the using process can be reduced better.

Description

Overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supplies, in particular to an overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit.
Background
The electronic product may burn out due to reverse connection of the power supply or connection of the electronic product to the high-voltage power supply during use; or damage to the electronic product due to power loss. In the single board application, the direct single board is connected to an external power supply, and if no corresponding detection protection exists, the damage rate of the electronic product is likely to be increased due to human access errors.
In the prior art, the detection control of the circuit is realized by adopting the corresponding integrated module, or the detection protection is realized by adopting the AD sampling control of the singlechip, the circuit structure of the method is complex, each integrated module has single function, and the method has the advantages of multiple protection, high cost, high power consumption and untimely response.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit.
To achieve the above object, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit includes:
the input end of the first switch is connected with the reference ground of the input power supply;
the reverse connection protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and a control end of the first switch and is used for controlling the first switch to be turned on or turned off so as to prevent the circuit from outputting a reverse polarity power supply when the polarity of the input power supply is reversed;
The input end of the second switch is connected with the output end of the first switch;
The overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and a control end of the second switch, and is used for preventing the circuit from outputting a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is high voltage;
The power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and the control end of the second switch, and the power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit prevents the power supply at the output end of the circuit from being reversely irrigated to the input end when the input power supply is powered down.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reverse connection protection circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R8 and a diode D7;
One end of the resistor R2 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the control end of the first switch, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the reference ground.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the overvoltage protection circuit comprises:
The overvoltage detection circuit is used for outputting a turn-off control level when the level of the input power supply is high voltage, so that the second switch is turned off;
And the conduction circuit is used for outputting a conduction level when the level of the input power supply is normal, so that the second switch is conducted.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the overvoltage detection circuit comprises:
Diode D1, resistor R10, resistor R9 and transistor Q5;
The cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the input power supply, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the control end of the second switch.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diode D1 is a zener diode.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the conduction circuit comprises: resistor R3, resistor R4 and diode D5;
One end of the resistor R3 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the control end of the second switch, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the anode of the diode D5 is connected with the reference ground.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the power-down reverse-current protection circuit comprises a diode D21, a resistor R1 and a resistor R5;
The positive pole of diode D21 with the control end of second switch is connected, the negative pole of diode D21 with the one end of resistance R1 is connected, the other end of resistance R1 with input power supply is connected, the one end of resistance R5 with the negative pole of diode D21 is connected, the other end of resistance R5 is connected with ground reference.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first switch and the second switch are each N-MOS transistors.
The overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention controls the on or off of the first switch through the reverse connection protection circuit, and prevents the circuit from outputting a reverse polarity power supply when the polarity of an input power supply is reversed, thereby enhancing the reliability of the output power supply and preventing the output reverse power supply from damaging a rear-end circuit when the polarity of the input power supply is reversed; the circuit outputs a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is high voltage, and the circuit is prevented from damaging a rear-end circuit when the input power supply is high voltage by the overvoltage protection circuit; when the power-down reverse-filling protection circuit prevents the input power supply from power down, the power supply at the output end of the circuit reversely fills the input end, so that the reverse-filling of the energy-storing power supply at the rear end is prevented, and the overvoltage, reverse-connection and power-down protection circuit and the front-end circuit are damaged. So that when the electronic product is connected to the power supply. The electronic product is not damaged by misplug and misplug. In addition, the electronic product cannot be damaged due to overhigh input voltage or power failure, and the damage of the electronic product in the using process can be reduced better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input voltage stabilizing filter circuit of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
A first switch 10;
A reverse connection protection circuit 20;
an overvoltage protection circuit 30;
a power-down reverse-current protection circuit 40;
And a second switch 50.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following description will make clear and complete descriptions of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the switching device comprises a first switch 10, a reverse connection protection circuit 20, a second switch 50, an overvoltage protection circuit 30 and a power-down reverse-filling protection circuit 40; the input end of the first switch 10 is connected with the reference ground of an input power supply; the reverse connection protection circuit 20 is respectively connected with an input power supply and a control end of the first switch 10, and the reverse connection protection circuit 20 is used for controlling the first switch 10 to be turned on or turned off so as to prevent the circuit from outputting a reverse polarity power supply when the polarity of the input power supply is reversed; the input end of the second switch 50 is connected with the output end of the first switch 10; the overvoltage protection circuit 30 is respectively connected with an input power supply and a control end of the second switch 50, and the overvoltage protection circuit 30 prevents the circuit from outputting a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is high-voltage; the power-down anti-charging protection circuit 40 is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and a control end of the second switch 50, and the power-down anti-charging protection circuit 40 prevents the power supply at the output end of the circuit from being reversely charged to the input end when the input power supply is powered down.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch 10 and the second switch 50 are N-MOS transistors, respectively.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 1, since the reverse connection protection circuit 20 is connected to an input power source, when the polarity of the input power source is reversed, the reverse connection protection circuit 20 outputs a reverse polarity level, and the reverse polarity level acts on the control terminal of the first switch 10, and since the first switch 10 is a positive level conduction switch. At this time, the first switch 10 is turned off, and the reverse power supply is not outputted.
Since the overvoltage protection circuit 30 is connected to an input power supply, when the input power supply is a high voltage, the overvoltage protection circuit 30 outputs a low level, and the low level acts on the control terminal of the second switch 50, and since the second switch 50 is a positive level on switch. At this time, the second switch 50 is in an off state. The high voltage power supply has no output.
Because the power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit 40 is connected with the input power supply and the reference ground, when the input power supply is powered down, the control end of the second switch 50 discharges rapidly through the power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit 40, so that the second switch 50 is turned off rapidly, and the output current is prevented from being irrigated reversely.
The overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention controls the on or off of the first switch 10 through the reverse connection protection circuit 20, so that when the polarity of an input power supply is reversed, the circuit outputs a reverse polarity power supply, thereby enhancing the reliability of the output power supply and preventing the back-end circuit from being damaged by the output reverse power supply when the polarity of the input power supply is reversed; the overvoltage protection circuit 30 prevents the circuit from outputting a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is at high voltage, and prevents the circuit from damaging a rear-end circuit when the input power supply is at high voltage; when the power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit 40 prevents the input power supply from power down, the power supply at the output end of the circuit is reversely irrigated to the input end, so that the protection of the rear-end stored energy power supply is prevented, and the automatic anti-overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit 40 and the front-end circuit are damaged. So that when the electronic product is connected to the power supply. The electronic product is not damaged by misplug and misplug. In addition, the electronic product cannot be damaged due to overhigh input voltage or power failure, and the damage of the electronic product in the using process can be reduced better.
Referring to fig. 2; fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the reverse connection protection circuit 20 includes a resistor R2, a resistor R8, and a diode D7; one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the control end of the first switch 10, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the reference ground.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 2, when the input power supply is in positive and negative connection, the input power supply is connected to the control end of the first switch through a resistor R2 and a diode D7, and through a resistor R8. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch is an N-MOS transistor. At this time, since the control terminal of the first switch is at a non-positive level, the first switch is in a cut-off state, and the reverse polarity power supply does not output. When the input power is normally connected, the input power is connected to the control end of the first switch through a resistor R2 and a diode D7 and through a resistor R8. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch is an N-MOS transistor. At this time, since the control end of the first switch is at a positive level, the conduction condition of the first switch is satisfied, and the first switch is in a conduction state, so that a power supply is normally output to a subsequent circuit.
In the embodiment, the reverse connection protection circuit 20 is realized through the resistor R2, the resistor R8 and the diode D7, and the circuit is simple and reliable to realize; the first switch is automatically turned off or turned on according to the output control level of the input power supply, and the reaction is timely and the cost is low.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the overvoltage protection circuit 30 includes: an overvoltage detection circuit for outputting an off control level to turn off the second switch 50 when the level of the input power is high voltage; the turn-on circuit is configured to output a turn-on level to turn on the second switch 50 when the level of the input power is normal.
The overvoltage detection circuit includes: diode D1, resistor R10, resistor R9 and transistor Q5; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the input power supply, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the control end of the second switch 50.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor Q5 is an NPN transistor. The diode D1 is a zener diode.
The conduction circuit includes: resistor R3, resistor R4 and diode D5; one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the control end of the second switch 50, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected with the one end of the resistor R3, and the anode of the diode D5 is connected with the reference ground.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 2, the diode D1, the resistor R9, the resistor R10, and the triode Q5 are used to implement automatic overvoltage protection, and when the voltage input voltage is greater than the value of the voltage of the diode D1 due to snow jumping, the diode D1 is turned on, so that the collector and the emitter of the triode Q5 are turned on. At this time, the collector of the triode Q5 outputs a voltage level to the control terminal of the second switch 50; in one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch is an N-MOS transistor. Thus, the second switch 50 is turned off, and automatic overvoltage protection is achieved, and no high voltage is outputted. When the input power supply is at normal voltage, the diode D1 is in a cut-off state, the collector and the emitter of the triode Q5 are not conducted, and the overvoltage detection circuit does not output. At this time, the input power supply continues to provide the conduction level to the control terminal of the second switch 50 through the resistor R3, the resistor R4 and the diode D5, and the second switch 50 is in the conduction state, so that the power supply for the subsequent circuit is continued when the normal voltage input is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, an overvoltage detection circuit is realized through the diode D1, the resistor R10, the resistor R9 and the triode Q5, whether the input power supply is overvoltage or not is automatically detected, and the second switch 50 is cut off when the output control level is output when the input power supply is overvoltage, so that the output of the high-voltage power supply is prevented. The circuit has simple structure, reliability, timely response and lower cost.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the power-down reverse-current protection circuit 40 includes a diode D21, a resistor R1, and a resistor R5; the anode of the diode D21 is connected to the control end of the second switch 50, the cathode of the diode D21 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the input power supply, one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the cathode of the diode D21, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the reference ground.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, since the second switch 50 is an N-MOS transistor Q3, when the N-MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the gate-source electrode of the N-MOS transistor Q3 turned on has registered power, and when the power supply input is powered down, the parasitic power Vgs of the N-MOS switch Q3 is rapidly discharged through the diode D21 and the resistor R5; therefore, the N-MOS switch tube is turned off rapidly, damage of excessive residual voltage on a rear-end circuit to a front-end circuit is avoided, and rapid hot plug of the circuit is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input voltage stabilizing filter circuit of an overvoltage, reverse connection and power-down protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or equivalents substituted for some of the features thereof. All equivalent structures made by the content of the specification and the drawings of the invention are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are also within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. An overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit, characterized in that the overvoltage, reverse connection and power down protection circuit comprises:
the input end of the first switch is connected with the reference ground of the input power supply;
the reverse connection protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and a control end of the first switch and is used for controlling the first switch to be turned on or turned off so as to prevent the circuit from outputting a reverse polarity power supply when the polarity of the input power supply is reversed;
The input end of the second switch is connected with the output end of the first switch;
The overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and a control end of the second switch, and is used for preventing the circuit from outputting a high-voltage power supply when the input power supply is high voltage;
The power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit is respectively connected with an input power supply, a reference ground and the control end of the second switch, and the power-down anti-irrigation protection circuit prevents the power supply at the output end of the circuit from being anti-irrigated to the input end when the input power supply is powered down;
wherein, the overvoltage protection circuit includes: the overvoltage detection circuit is used for outputting a turn-off control level when the level of the input power supply is high voltage, so that the second switch is turned off; the conduction circuit is used for outputting a conduction level when the level of the input power supply is normal, so that the second switch is conducted;
Wherein, the overvoltage detection circuit includes: diode D1, resistor R10, resistor R9 and transistor Q5; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the input power supply, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the control end of the second switch; wherein the diode D1 is a voltage stabilizing diode;
Wherein, the conduction circuit includes: resistor R3, resistor R4 and diode D5; one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the control end of the second switch, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected with the one end of the resistor R3, and the anode of the diode D5 is connected with the reference ground;
The reverse connection protection circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R8 and a diode D7;
One end of the resistor R2 is connected with the input power supply, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the control end of the first switch, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected with the one end of the resistor R8, and the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the reference ground;
The power-down reverse-current protection circuit comprises a diode D21, a resistor R1 and a resistor R5;
The positive pole of diode D21 with the control end of second switch is connected, the negative pole of diode D21 with the one end of resistance R1 is connected, the other end of resistance R1 with input power supply is connected, the one end of resistance R5 with the negative pole of diode D21 is connected, the other end of resistance R5 is connected with ground reference.
2. The over-voltage, reverse-connection and power-down protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch are N-MOS transistors, respectively.
CN201711315409.2A 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Overvoltage, reverse connection and power failure protection circuit Active CN107910849B (en)

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CN102026447A (en) * 2010-10-18 2011-04-20 东莞市勤望达光电科技有限公司 Daylight lamp constant current driving method and driving circuit thereof
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CN202930903U (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-05-08 重庆西南集成电路设计有限责任公司 Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit
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CN103312310A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-09-18 电子科技大学 High-speed photoelectric relay
CN105743076A (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-07-06 安徽艾可蓝节能环保科技有限公司 Power source reversal connection prevention circuit
CN204886683U (en) * 2015-08-19 2015-12-16 上官光信 Level protection circuit behind pure sine wave inverter
CN205248774U (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-05-18 广州金升阳科技有限公司 Reverse -connection protective circuit is prevented in input
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CN207588431U (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-07-06 深圳市菲菱科思通信技术股份有限公司 Overvoltage, reversal connection and power-down protection circuit

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