CN107901534B - 一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法。该液态金属柔性屏蔽材料包括从下而上依次设置的基材层、液态金属层以及防老化层。本发明提供的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料其屏蔽性能优异、厚度薄、无毒、屈服极限均远超传统含铅颗粒辐射屏蔽材料,可实现极为优异的可拉伸辐射屏蔽材料,在柔性屏蔽手套、屏蔽服装乃至X射线光刻领域方面具有优异的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗、军工业及工业防护领域,具体涉及一种防X、γ射线和中子辐射屏蔽的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国防、军工、医疗、工业、核电等领域核能和辐射技术的广泛应用,给我们生活带来了诸多方便,但同时也带来了日益严重的辐射危害问题。其中以高速带电粒子的α粒子、β粒子、质子,不带电粒子的中子以及X射线、γ射线的电离辐射其波长短、频率高、能量高,对机体具有急性放射损伤和慢性放射性损伤。短时间内接受一定剂量的照射,可引起机体的急性损伤,平时见于核事故和放射治疗病人。而较长时间内分散接受一定剂量的照射,可引起慢性放射性损伤,如皮肤损伤、造血障碍,白细胞减少、生育力受损等。另外,辐射还可以致癌和引起胎儿的死亡和畸形等。
如何采用有效的办法屏蔽外来辐射,防止电离辐射对人的伤害,以及减少辐射污染,保护生态环境,已成为亟待解决的问题。传统的含铅颗粒硅胶或橡胶的辐射屏蔽材料而言,其厚度较厚、柔韧性差、可拉伸性及机械强度差,以及所含的铅颗粒对人体健康及环境毒性危害极大。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,本发明提供的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料其屏蔽性能优异、厚度薄、无毒、屈服极限均远超传统含铅颗粒辐射屏蔽材料,可实现极为优异的可拉伸辐射屏蔽材料,在柔性屏蔽手套、屏蔽服装乃至X射线光刻领域方面具有优异的价值。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,包括:从下而上依次设置的基材层、液态金属层以及防老化层。
优选地,所述基材层与所述液态金属层之间还设有粘着剂层;所述粘着剂层的材料优选为热固型有机硅类树脂、橡胶类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、环氧类树脂中的一种或多种。
其中,所述粘着剂层优选为0.002~0.05mm。
其中,使用压辊将所述粘着剂层设于所述基材层与液态金属层之间,所述压辊压力优选为0.05~0.2Mpa。
优选地,所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度为0.01~5mm。
优选地,所述基材层的材料为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、高强聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种,优选为凯夫拉纤维;
优选地,所述基材层的厚度为0.005~2.5mm。
优选地,所述液态金属层中液态金属为熔点在110~300℃的铟基共晶合金;其中,铟基共晶合金组分进一步优选为In、Sn、Zn、Cd和W,进一步优选为In 42~70%、Sn 22~46%、Zn4~15%、Cd 2~8%和W0.5~5%。
优选地,所述液态金属层的厚度优选为0.002~2mm。
优选地,所述防老化层为通过OSP工艺镀的防氧化膜。其中,所述防老化层厚度为0.001~0.01um。
所述OSP材料为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种,优选为裂解温度为350℃的唑类。
本发明还提供一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的制备方法,包括:
将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层,通过OSP工艺在所述液态金属层的表面镀防老化层。
其中,所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度优选为0.01~5mm。
优选地,所述将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层具体包括:
在所述基材层表面涂布一层粘着剂层,将液态金属熔融涂布在衬底上形成含有液态金属层的衬底,再使用压辊将所述粘着剂层与所述含有液态金属层的衬底复合,去除所述衬底即得。
其中,所述压辊的压力优选为0.05~0.2Mpa。所述粘着剂层的材料优选为热固型有机硅类树脂、橡胶类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、环氧类树脂中的一种或多种。
其中,所述基材层的材料为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、高强聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种;所述液态金属层中液态金属优选为熔点在110~300℃的铟基共晶合金;所述OSP材料优选为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。
本发明的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料吸收射线性能好、屏蔽性能优异、厚度薄、质量轻、化学性能稳定、无毒、柔性程度高,可拉伸率远优于传统含铅橡胶屏蔽材料,且在相同的几何尺寸下具有更高的极限拉伸应力;可制作超低成本的柔性屏蔽防护手套、屏蔽性护服装等材料。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明一个优选实施方式中液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的结构示意图;
图2为根据本发明一个优选实施方式中液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的制备方法示意图,其中虚线箭头表示设备运行方向;
图3为根据本发明一个优选实施方式中液态金属柔性屏蔽材料制备方法中熔融涂布示意图;
图4为根据本发明一个优选实施方式中液态金属柔性屏蔽材料制备方法中熔融涂布结构图;
其中,Ⅰ:基材层、Ⅱ:粘着剂层、Ⅲ:液态金属层、Ⅳ:防老化层、1:粘着剂储存罐、2:导管、3:挤压涂布头、4:涂布基材、5:前段放卷辊、6:传送导辊、7:烘箱、8:冷压辊、9:熔融涂布头、10:进料口、11:后段放卷辊、12:保护衬底、13:收卷棍、31:涂布牵引方向、32:液态金属层、41:真空泵接口、42:涂布头腔体、43:刮刀口。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规技术手段。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的试剂为市售。
本发明提供的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,包括:从下而上依次设置的基材层、液态金属层以及防老化层。
本发明将液态金属层置于基材层与防老化层之间,得到的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料吸收射线性能好、屏蔽性能优异。
α射线由于其质量较大,穿透能力差,在空气中的射程只有几厘米,只要一张纸或健康的皮肤就能挡住。β射线,其电离本领比α射线小得多,但穿透本领比α射线大,但与X、γ射线比β射线的射程短,很容易被铝箔、有机玻璃等材料吸收。X射线和γ射线是不带电波长短的电磁波,两者的穿透力极强。本发明的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料也是一种防X、γ射线和中子辐射屏蔽的液态金属柔性材料,对低能和高能X射线和γ射线有着很高的减弱能力,足够使180Kev能量区的X射线完美屏蔽减弱到所要求的水平。
在一个优选实施方式中,为了提高液态金属柔性屏蔽材料防辐射的性能,在基材层与液态金属层之间还设有粘着剂层。即该液态金属柔性屏蔽材料包括四层,如图1所示,从下而上依次设置的基材层Ⅰ、粘着剂层Ⅱ、液态金属层Ⅲ和防老化层Ⅳ。
其中,粘着剂层涂覆在基材层的表面,液态金属层设在粘着剂层表面,老化层涂覆在液态金属层的表面。优选4层材料紧密结合。
该粘着剂层的材料优选为热固型树脂粘着剂,进一步优选为热固型有机硅类树脂、热固型橡胶类树脂、热固型饱和聚酯类树脂、热固型环氧类树脂中的一种或多种。其中,热固型树脂粘着剂进一步优选为非结晶型的饱和聚酯树脂,常温下成固态,用溶剂溶解可以调节成任一固含量进行涂布。该非结晶型的饱和聚酯树脂含有端羟基官能团,通过与异氰酸酯、氨基树脂等树脂交联固化成膜。
该粘着剂层优选为0.002~0.05mm,进一步优选为0.005mm~0.02mm。
为了提高液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的耐候性以及在剥离强度,优选使用压辊将所述粘着剂层设于所述基材层与液态金属层之间,压辊压力优选为0.05~0.2Mpa。
在一个优选实施方式中,液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度为0.01~5mm,优选为0.1mm~2mm。
在一个优选实施方式中,该液态金属柔性屏蔽材料基材层的材料为纤维材料,优选为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、高强聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种,进一步优选为高性能的凯夫拉纤维,其抗张强度极高、重量轻,具有优异的热稳定性、低侵蚀性、耐磨性。
其中,基材层的厚度优选设为0.005~2.5mm,优选为0.06mm~1mm。
在一个优选实施方式中,为了提高该液态金属屏蔽材料对X、γ射线和中子辐射屏蔽的性能,液态金属层中液态金属优选为熔点在110~300℃的铟(In)基共晶合金。其中,铟基共晶合金组分进一步优选为In、Sn、Zn、Cd和W,进一步优选为In 42~70%、Sn 22~46%、Zn4~15%、Cd 2~8%和W 0.5~5%。上述比例值为重量比值。
其中,为了提高屏蔽性能,液态金属层的厚度优选为0.002~2mm,进一步优选为0.01mm~0.2mm。
在一个优选实施方式中,防老化层为通过OSP工艺镀的防氧化膜。其中,OSP材料优选为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。即该防氧化膜的原料为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。进一步优选为唑类防氧化膜材料,其裂解温度高达350℃,化学稳定性优异。
其中,防老化层厚度优选为0.001~0.01um,进一步优选为0.005mm~0.008mm。
在一个优选实施方式中,该液态金属柔性屏蔽材料中包括从下而上依次设置的基材层Ⅰ、粘着剂层Ⅱ、液态金属层Ⅲ和防老化层Ⅳ,其中,液态金属层中液态金属为熔点在110~300℃的铟(In)基共晶合金,厚度0.002~2mm;粘着剂层为厚度0.002~0.05mm的非结晶型饱和聚酯树脂。
本发明还提供了一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的制备方法,包括:将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层,通过OSP工艺在该液态金属层的表面镀防老化层。
在一个优选实施方式中,液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度优选为0.01~5mm。
其中,将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层具体包括:
在基材层表面涂布粘着剂层,将液态金属熔融涂布在衬底上形成含有液态金属层的衬底,再使用压辊将粘着剂层与含有液态金属层的衬底复合,去除衬底即得。
其中,粘着剂层的材料优选为热固型树脂粘着剂,进一步优选为热固型有机硅类树脂、橡胶类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、环氧类树脂中的一种或多种。基材层的材料为纤维材料,优选为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、高强聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。液态金属层中液态金属优选为熔点在110~300℃的铟基共晶合金。OSP材料优选为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。衬底即临时保护衬底,可以选用离型纸或离型膜,贴合后通过复卷去除。优选地,保护衬底12为离型膜,其耐温性达180℃。
其中,压辊压力优选为0.05~0.2Mpa。
在一个优选实施方式中,液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的制备方法优选为,如图2所示:
将待涂布的基材4放置于前段放卷辊5上面,通过传送导辊6牵引经过涂布头3及烘箱7至后段收卷辊13。
将配置好的粘着剂置于储存罐2中通过导管3抽入到挤压涂布头3中,基材4运行的同时使粘着剂通过涂布头涂在基材表面。
在基材表面涂布附着粘着剂后优选将其烘干固化。烘干的温度优选为60~180℃。即在一个优选实施方式中,在基材表面涂布附着粘着剂后进入烘箱7内烘烤使粘着剂稀释剂烘干,同时其初步的热固化。其中,烘箱7的烘烤温度优选为60~180℃。
在使用保护衬底12对液态金属进行涂布时,可以将待涂布的保护衬底12放置于后段放卷辊11上面,通过传送导辊6牵引经过热熔涂布头9。其中,保护衬底12可以为离型纸或离型膜,贴合后通过复卷去除。进一步优选地,保护衬底12为离型膜,其耐温性达180℃。
可以将液态金属材料通过加热熔融后由进料口11进入到熔融涂布头10后挤压通过刮刀口43涂布到保护衬底12表面。如图3所示,32为熔融涂布成膜后的液态金属层,31为涂布牵引方向。
其中,该液态金属由热熔涂布头腔体42到刮刀口43流动过程中温度呈梯度降低,逐渐固化但仍有流动性。
其中,可以通过真空泵接口41连接真空泵压力将熔融的液态金属抽入到涂布头腔体42内,同时冲入惰性气体氮气或者氩气,如图4所示,防止液态金属氧化。
将涂布好的粘着剂层与液态金属层通过导辊张力的牵引,到达冷压辊8处,在上下压辊压力下,粘着剂面与液态金属层面紧密的贴合为一体。
其中,上下冷压辊的压力为0.05~0.2Mpa,且含有保护衬底的液态金属层与纤维基材层在粘着剂密着下剥离强度及耐候性极强。
其中,粘着剂层及液态金属层涂布厚度均是通过调节涂布头的刮刀口间隙控制。
其中,经过冷压贴合后的复合材料经过导辊牵引在收卷辊13的张力下收卷储存。将收卷得的复合材料经过OSP防氧化镀层后复卷、分切后制得各种不同规格的本发明液态金属柔性屏蔽材料。
本发明的液态金属柔性屏蔽材料吸收射线性能好、屏蔽性能优异,对低能和高能X射线和γ射线有着很高的减弱能力,足够使180Kev能量区的X射线完美屏蔽减弱。同时,厚度薄、质量轻、化学性能稳定、无毒、柔性程度高,在制作柔性屏蔽手套、屏蔽服装乃至X射线光刻等领域具有优秀的实用价值。
实施例1
(1)、该液态金属柔性屏蔽材料结构如下:
传统含铅颗粒硅胶或橡胶的辐射屏蔽材料厚度大于2mm;
(2)、材料力学性能及180Kev能量区屏蔽性能数据表:
性能内容 | 数值 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 19.20 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 300 |
耐弯折性(次) | >1000 |
X射线屏蔽率(%) | 95.2 |
γ射线屏蔽率(%) | 96.7 |
中子屏蔽率(%) | 96.9 |
最后,本发明的方法仅为较佳的实施方案,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (14)
1.一种液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,包括:从下而上依次设置的基材层、液态金属层以及防老化层;所述液态金属层中液态金属为熔点在110~300℃的铟基共晶合金;其中,铟基共晶合金组分为In、Sn、Zn、Cd和W;所述基材层与所述液态金属层之间还设有粘着剂层;
所述屏蔽材料由如下方法制备得到:在所述基材层表面涂布粘着剂层,将液态金属熔融涂布在衬底上形成含有液态金属层的衬底,再使用压辊将所述粘着剂层与所述含有液态金属层的衬底复合,去除所述衬底即得,压辊压力为0.05~0.2Mpa。
2.根据权利要求1所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述粘着剂层的材料为热固型有机硅类树脂、橡胶类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、环氧类树脂中的一种或多种,所述粘着剂层的厚度为0.002~0.05mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度为0.01~5mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述基材层的材料为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材 料,其特征在于,所述基材层为凯夫拉纤维。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述基材层的厚度为0.005~2.5mm。
7.根据权利要求6所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述液态金属层中液态金属的组成为In 42~70%、Sn 22~46%、Zn4~15%、Cd 2~8%和W 0.5~5%;其中,所述液态金属层的厚度为0.002~2mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述防老化层为通过OSP工艺镀的防氧化膜;所述防老化层厚度为0.001~0.01um;所述OSP材料为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求8所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料,其特征在于,所述防老化层为裂解温度为350℃的唑类。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的制备方法,包括:
将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层,通过OSP工艺在所述液态金属层的表面镀防老化层;所述液态金属柔性屏蔽材料的厚度为0.01~5mm。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将液态金属熔融涂布在基材层表面形成液态金属层具体包括:
在所述基材层表面涂布粘着剂层,将液态金属熔融涂布在衬底上形成含有液态金属层的衬底,再使用压辊将所述粘着剂层与所述含有液态金属层的衬底复合,去除所述衬底即得。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述压辊压力为0.05~0.2Mpa;所述粘着剂层的材料为热固型有机硅类树脂、橡胶类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、环氧类树脂中的一种或多种。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基材层的材料为凯夫拉纤维、碳纤维芳纶、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述液态金属层中液态金属为熔点在110~300℃的铟基共晶合金;所述OSP材料为松香类、活性树脂类和唑类中的一种或多种。
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