CN107901511A - 一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107901511A
CN107901511A CN201710987989.3A CN201710987989A CN107901511A CN 107901511 A CN107901511 A CN 107901511A CN 201710987989 A CN201710987989 A CN 201710987989A CN 107901511 A CN107901511 A CN 107901511A
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wood
plastic
parts
extrusion plate
board body
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陈志刚
刘李杨
李存杰
朱丙午
赵喜民
张帅
张成玉
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PUYANG DONGBAO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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PUYANG DONGBAO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710987989.3A priority Critical patent/CN107901511A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法，包括木塑板本体，所述木塑板本体内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体前端和后端的通孔，相邻的通孔之间设置有实心体，所述实心体内开设有矩形通孔，矩形通孔内设置有截面呈X型筋板，X型筋板端部分别与矩形通孔的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体表面包覆有外木塑层，所述木塑板本体上端面和下端面与外木塑层之间均设置有麻布层；所述木塑板本体和外木塑层均由木塑复合材料制成。本发明具备良好的防水、防潮效果，具有高环保性、无污染、无公害、可循环利用、高防火性、可加工性好、吸音效果好、节能性好等特点，结构稳定可靠，不易变形，大大提升了板体的整体的抗弯性能和支撑强度。

Description

一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑共挤板生产技术领域，具体为一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的木质板材由于自然因素，容易出现龟裂、翘曲、疤结、明显色差等缺陷。除了机械的和理化的损伤外，传统的木质产品还有一个致命的弱点，易受虫害损伤，如蠢虫、白蚁等害虫的侵害。
木塑，即木塑复合材料(Wood-Plastic Composites,WPC)，是国内外近年蓬勃兴起的一类新型复合材料，指利用聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚氯乙烯等，代替通常的树脂胶粘剂，与超过35％-70％以上的木粉、稻壳、秸秆等废植物纤维混合成新的木质材料，再经挤压、模压、注塑成型等塑料加工工艺，生产出的板材或型材。主要用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业。将塑料和木质粉料按一定比例混合后经热挤压成型的板材，称之为挤压木塑复合板材。现有的木塑共挤板的结构设计存在一定缺陷，耗材较多，生产加工较高；且生产制作出来的木塑共挤板整体的抗弯性能和支撑强度有待提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种木塑共挤板及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种木塑共挤板，包括木塑板本体，所述木塑板本体内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体前端和后端的通孔，相邻的通孔之间设置有实心体，所述实心体内开设有矩形通孔，矩形通孔内设置有截面呈X型筋板，X型筋板端部分别与矩形通孔的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体表面包覆有外木塑层，所述木塑板本体上端面和下端面与外木塑层之间均设置有麻布层；所述木塑板本体和外木塑层均由木塑复合材料制成；
所述木塑复合材料的由以下重量份的成分组成：改性植物纤维40～50份、HDPE树脂25～30份、DMC树脂10～16份、丁腈橡胶7～9份、纳米氧化锌0.8～1.2份、纳米二氧化钛0.4～0.7份、偶联剂1～3份、发泡剂0.9～1.2份、稳定剂0.6～0.8份、紫外吸收剂0.6～1份；
所述改性植物纤维由以下重量份的成分组成：植物纤维90～96份、硬脂酸4～7份、无水醋酸3～5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6～8份、三醋酸甘油酯2～5份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述植物纤维为木纤维、棉纤维或麻纤维中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述木纤维为木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉、麦壳粉中的一种或几种，所述木纤维的粒径为90～100目。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述麻布层是由亚麻、黄麻或剑麻中的一种或几种编织而成。
一种如上任一所述的木塑共挤板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将植物纤维原料依次进行硬脂酸处理、无水醋酸处理、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯处理后，喷洒三醋酸甘油酯形成改性植物纤维；
2)将麻布层浸泡于硅烷偶联剂中处理，然后，取出晾干；
3)将改性植物纤维、HDPE树脂、DMC树脂、丁腈橡胶、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、偶联剂、发泡剂份、稳定剂以及紫外吸收剂按权利要求1所述的配比放入高温混合机中，进行高温混合，待温度达到120℃时，将混合物料导出，并放置冷却至常温；
4)将步骤3)中降至常温的混合物料导入造粒机中，造粒机内部温度为180～200℃，进行高温塑化，造粒机的造粒模头将混合物料切割成粒子物料；
5)将步骤4)中造好的粒子物料加入挤出机内，挤出机的内部温度为160～180℃，进行二次塑化；
6)通过挤出机将熔融物料挤进初始模具内，冷却成型后，进行牵引、切割，得到初始木塑共挤板；
7)将初始木塑共挤板的上端面和下端面覆盖上经步骤2)处理后的麻布层，然后，导入压铸机内一直保持高温状态的模具中，通过步骤5)中的挤出机将熔融物料挤出涂覆在初始木塑共挤板的外表面；
8)用压铸机对模具中的物料施加高强度压力，压制成型；
9)将步骤8)压制成型的产品冷却后导出，包装、放入仓库待运，完成整个生产过程。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述的步骤7至步骤8)中模具温度为155～165℃。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述步骤8)中的高强度压力为400～460MPa。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述步骤2)中麻布层浸泡处理的时间为10～15min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：采用木塑复合材料挤塑制成，具备良好的防水、防潮效果，根本解决了木质产品对潮湿和多水环境中吸水受潮后容易腐烂、膨胀变形的问题，可以使用到传统木制品不能应用的环境中；防虫、防白蚁，有效杜绝虫类骚扰，延长使用寿命；可塑性强，能非常简单的实现个性化造型，充分体现个性风格；高环保性、无污染、无公害、可循环利用；具备高防火性、可加工性好、吸音效果好、节能性好；木塑板本体内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体前端和后端的通孔，相邻的通孔之间设置有实心体，所述实心体内开设有矩形通孔，矩形通孔内设置有截面呈X型筋板，如此结构布置，不仅能够降低整体重量，节省原料消耗，还保证了木塑共挤板具备良好的抗压强度，结构稳定可靠，不易变形；木塑板本体上端面和下端面与外木塑层之间均设置有麻布层，使得木塑共挤板内部结构连接更加紧密，有利于提升板体的整体的抗弯性能和支撑强度，延长了使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为一种木塑共挤板的结构示意图。
图中：1-木塑板本体，2-通孔，3-实心体，4-矩形通孔，5-X型筋板，6-麻布层，7-外木塑层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1，一种木塑共挤板，包括木塑板本体1，所述木塑板本体1内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体1前端和后端的通孔2，相邻的通孔2之间设置有实心体3，所述实心体3内开设有矩形通孔4，矩形通孔4内设置有截面呈X型筋板5，X型筋板5端部分别与矩形通孔4的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体1表面包覆有外木塑层7，所述木塑板本体1上端面和下端面与外木塑层7之间均设置有麻布层6；所述木塑板本体1和外木塑层7均由木塑复合材料制成；
所述木塑复合材料的由以下重量份的成分组成：改性植物纤维50份、HDPE树脂30份、DMC树脂16份、丁腈橡胶9份、纳米氧化锌1.2份、纳米二氧化钛0.7份、偶联剂3份、发泡剂1.2份、稳定剂0.8份、紫外吸收剂1份；
所述改性植物纤维由以下重量份的成分组成：植物纤维96份、硬脂酸7份、无水醋酸5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯8份、三醋酸甘油酯5份。
可优选地，所述植物纤维为木纤维、棉纤维或麻纤维中的一种或几种。
可优选地，所述木纤维为木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉、麦壳粉中的一种或几种，所述木纤维的粒径为90～100目。
可优选地，所述麻布层是由亚麻、黄麻或剑麻中的一种或几种编织而成。
一种如上任一所述的木塑共挤板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将植物纤维原料依次进行硬脂酸处理、无水醋酸处理、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯处理后，喷洒三醋酸甘油酯形成改性植物纤维；
2)将麻布层浸泡于硅烷偶联剂中处理，浸泡处理的时间为10～15min，然后，取出晾干；
3)将改性植物纤维、HDPE树脂、DMC树脂、丁腈橡胶、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、偶联剂、发泡剂份、稳定剂以及紫外吸收剂按权利要求1所述的配比放入高温混合机中，进行高温混合，待温度达到120℃时，将混合物料导出，并放置冷却至常温；
4)将步骤3)中降至常温的混合物料导入造粒机中，造粒机内部温度为200℃，进行高温塑化，造粒机的造粒模头将混合物料切割成粒子物料；
5)将步骤4)中造好的粒子物料加入挤出机内，挤出机的内部温度为180℃，进行二次塑化；
6)通过挤出机将熔融物料挤进初始模具内，冷却成型后，进行牵引、切割，得到初始木塑共挤板；
7)将初始木塑共挤板的上端面和下端面覆盖上经步骤2)处理后的麻布层，然后，导入压铸机内一直保持高温状态的模具中，模具温度为165℃，通过步骤5)中的挤出机将熔融物料挤出涂覆在初始木塑共挤板的外表面；
8)用压铸机对模具中的物料施加460MPa的高强度压力，压制成型，模具温度为165℃；
9)将步骤8)压制成型的产品冷却后导出，包装、放入仓库待运，完成整个生产过程。
实施例2
一种木塑共挤板，包括木塑板本体1，所述木塑板本体1内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体1前端和后端的通孔2，相邻的通孔2之间设置有实心体3，所述实心体3内开设有矩形通孔4，矩形通孔4内设置有截面呈X型筋板5，X型筋板5端部分别与矩形通孔4的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体1表面包覆有外木塑层7，所述木塑板本体1上端面和下端面与外木塑层7之间均设置有麻布层6；所述木塑板本体1和外木塑层7均由木塑复合材料制成；
所述木塑复合材料的由以下重量份的成分组成：改性植物纤维40份、HDPE树脂25份、DMC树脂10份、丁腈橡胶7份、纳米氧化锌0.8份、纳米二氧化钛0.4份、偶联剂1份、发泡剂0.9份、稳定剂0.6份、紫外吸收剂0.6份；
所述改性植物纤维由以下重量份的成分组成：植物纤维90份、硬脂酸4份、无水醋酸3份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6份、三醋酸甘油酯2份。
可优选地，所述植物纤维为木纤维、棉纤维或麻纤维中的一种或几种。
可优选地，所述木纤维为木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉、麦壳粉中的一种或几种，所述木纤维的粒径为90～100目。
可优选地，所述麻布层是由亚麻、黄麻或剑麻中的一种或几种编织而成。
一种如上任一所述的木塑共挤板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将植物纤维原料依次进行硬脂酸处理、无水醋酸处理、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯处理后，喷洒三醋酸甘油酯形成改性植物纤维；
2)将麻布层浸泡于硅烷偶联剂中处理，浸泡处理的时间为10～15min，然后，取出晾干；
3)将改性植物纤维、HDPE树脂、DMC树脂、丁腈橡胶、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、偶联剂、发泡剂份、稳定剂以及紫外吸收剂按权利要求1所述的配比放入高温混合机中，进行高温混合，待温度达到120℃时，将混合物料导出，并放置冷却至常温；
4)将步骤3)中降至常温的混合物料导入造粒机中，造粒机内部温度为180℃，进行高温塑化，造粒机的造粒模头将混合物料切割成粒子物料；
5)将步骤4)中造好的粒子物料加入挤出机内，挤出机的内部温度为160℃，进行二次塑化；
6)通过挤出机将熔融物料挤进初始模具内，冷却成型后，进行牵引、切割，得到初始木塑共挤板；
7)将初始木塑共挤板的上端面和下端面覆盖上经步骤2)处理后的麻布层，然后，导入压铸机内一直保持高温状态的模具中，模具温度为155℃，通过步骤5)中的挤出机将熔融物料挤出涂覆在初始木塑共挤板的外表面；
8)用压铸机对模具中的物料施加400MPa的高强度压力，压制成型，模具温度为155℃；
9)将步骤8)压制成型的产品冷却后导出，包装、放入仓库待运，完成整个生产过程。
实施例3
一种木塑共挤板，包括木塑板本体1，所述木塑板本体1内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体1前端和后端的通孔2，相邻的通孔2之间设置有实心体3，所述实心体3内开设有矩形通孔4，矩形通孔4内设置有截面呈X型筋板5，X型筋板5端部分别与矩形通孔4的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体1表面包覆有外木塑层7，所述木塑板本体1上端面和下端面与外木塑层7之间均设置有麻布层6；所述木塑板本体1和外木塑层7均由木塑复合材料制成；
所述木塑复合材料的由以下重量份的成分组成：改性植物纤维45份、HDPE树脂28份、DMC树脂13份、丁腈橡胶8份、纳米氧化锌1份、纳米二氧化钛0.5份、偶联剂2份、发泡剂1份、稳定剂0.7份、紫外吸收剂0.8份；
所述改性植物纤维由以下重量份的成分组成：植物纤维94份、硬脂酸5份、无水醋酸4份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯7份、三醋酸甘油酯3份。
可优选地，所述植物纤维为木纤维、棉纤维或麻纤维中的一种或几种。
可优选地，所述木纤维为木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉、麦壳粉中的一种或几种，所述木纤维的粒径为90～100目。
可优选地，所述麻布层是由亚麻、黄麻或剑麻中的一种或几种编织而成。
一种如上任一所述的木塑共挤板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将植物纤维原料依次进行硬脂酸处理、无水醋酸处理、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯处理后，喷洒三醋酸甘油酯形成改性植物纤维；
2)将麻布层浸泡于硅烷偶联剂中处理，浸泡处理的时间为10～15min，然后，取出晾干；
3)将改性植物纤维、HDPE树脂、DMC树脂、丁腈橡胶、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、偶联剂、发泡剂份、稳定剂以及紫外吸收剂按权利要求1所述的配比放入高温混合机中，进行高温混合，待温度达到120℃时，将混合物料导出，并放置冷却至常温；
4)将步骤3)中降至常温的混合物料导入造粒机中，造粒机内部温度为190℃，进行高温塑化，造粒机的造粒模头将混合物料切割成粒子物料；
5)将步骤4)中造好的粒子物料加入挤出机内，挤出机的内部温度为170℃，进行二次塑化；
6)通过挤出机将熔融物料挤进初始模具内，冷却成型后，进行牵引、切割，得到初始木塑共挤板；
7)将初始木塑共挤板的上端面和下端面覆盖上经步骤2)处理后的麻布层，然后，导入压铸机内一直保持高温状态的模具中，模具温度为160℃，通过步骤5)中的挤出机将熔融物料挤出涂覆在初始木塑共挤板的外表面；
8)用压铸机对模具中的物料施加500MPa的高强度压力，压制成型，模具温度为160℃；
9)将步骤8)压制成型的产品冷却后导出，包装、放入仓库待运，完成整个生产过程。
按照GB/T 24137-2009的标准进行检测，实施例1、实施例2和实施例3的检测结果见表1:
表1
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
吸水率％ 0.16 0.14 0.15
拉伸强度MPa 26.37 26.13 27.07
弯曲强度MPa 41.38 42.18 41.67
抗弯弹性模量MPa 3124 3211 3133
尺寸稳定性％ 0.8 0.8 0.8
邵氏硬度(HD) 62 64 63
加热尺寸变化率％ 0.11 0.12 0.11
甲醛释放量mg/L 0.33 0.33 0.33
由此可见，本发明的木塑共挤板各项性能和指标均达到或超过GB/24137-2009的使用标准。

Claims (8)

1.一种木塑共挤板，包括木塑板本体，其特征在于：所述木塑板本体内部从左至右依次分布设置有多个贯穿木塑板本体前端和后端的通孔，相邻的通孔之间设置有实心体，所述实心体内开设有矩形通孔，矩形通孔内设置有截面呈X型筋板，X型筋板端部分别与矩形通孔的四个角端连接；所述木塑板本体表面包覆有外木塑层，所述木塑板本体上端面和下端面与外木塑层之间均设置有麻布层；所述木塑板本体和外木塑层均由木塑复合材料制成；
所述木塑复合材料的由以下重量份的成分组成：改性植物纤维40～50份、HDPE树脂25～30份、DMC树脂10～16份、丁腈橡胶7～9份、纳米氧化锌0.8～1.2份、纳米二氧化钛0.4～0.7份、偶联剂1～3份、发泡剂0.9～1.2份、稳定剂0.6～0.8份、紫外吸收剂0.6～1份；
所述改性植物纤维由以下重量份的成分组成：植物纤维90～96份、硬脂酸4～7份、无水醋酸3～5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6～8份、三醋酸甘油酯2～5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑共挤板，其特征在于：所述植物纤维为木纤维、棉纤维或麻纤维中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑共挤板，其特征在于：所述木纤维为木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉、麦壳粉中的一种或几种，所述木纤维的粒径为90～100目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑共挤板，其特征在于：所述麻布层是由亚麻、黄麻或剑麻中的一种或几种编织而成。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一所述的木塑共挤板的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)将植物纤维原料依次进行硬脂酸处理、无水醋酸处理、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯处理后，喷洒三醋酸甘油酯形成改性植物纤维；
2)将麻布层浸泡于硅烷偶联剂中处理，然后，取出晾干；
3)将改性植物纤维、HDPE树脂、DMC树脂、丁腈橡胶、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、偶联剂、发泡剂份、稳定剂以及紫外吸收剂按权利要求1所述的配比放入高温混合机中，进行高温混合，待温度达到120℃时，将混合物料导出，并放置冷却至常温；
4)将步骤3)中降至常温的混合物料导入造粒机中，造粒机内部温度为180～200℃，进行高温塑化，造粒机的造粒模头将混合物料切割成粒子物料；
5)将步骤4)中造好的粒子物料加入挤出机内，挤出机的内部温度为160～180℃，进行二次塑化；
6)通过挤出机将熔融物料挤进初始模具内，冷却成型后，进行牵引、切割，得到初始木塑共挤板；
7)将初始木塑共挤板的上端面和下端面覆盖上经步骤2)处理后的麻布层，然后，导入压铸机内一直保持高温状态的模具中，通过步骤5)中的挤出机将熔融物料挤出涂覆在初始木塑共挤板的外表面；
8)用压铸机对模具中的物料施加高强度压力，压制成型；
9)将步骤8)压制成型的产品冷却后导出，包装、放入仓库待运，完成整个生产过程。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种木塑共挤板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤7至步骤8)中模具温度为155～165℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种木塑共挤板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤8)中的高强度压力为400～460MPa。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种木塑共挤板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2)中麻布层浸泡处理的时间为10～15min。
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