CN107898960A - 一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法,方法以黄芪、人参、桔梗、麦冬、石菖蒲、益智仁、三七、火麻仁、绞股蓝、大黄为原料制成。本发明的优点:本发明具有补气化浊、活血祛痰、醒脑开窍、安神益智之功效,是一种防治血管性痴呆及有痴呆症状的相关疾病的防治中药。临床实验表明,本发明药物组合物具有很好的治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物组合物,具体是一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法。
背景技术
血管性痴呆属祖国医学“中风”、“呆病”、“健忘”等范畴,目前公认该病病位在脑,病性属本虚标实,以脏腑虚损为本,痰、瘀、浊、毒为标。临床上多从五脏中肝、心、脾、肾论治,鲜有人提及肺脏在痴呆的发生发展过程中所起着的作用。我们依据经典,如《灵枢·大惑论》云:“人之善忘者,何气使然?......上气不足,下气有余,......,久之不以时上,故善忘也”;《灵枢·天年》曰:“八十岁,肺气衰,魄离,故言善误;以及肺与其他脏腑相生相克的密切关系;肺与大肠表里络属关系等中医理论,结合临床实践经验,首次提出“从肺论治痴呆”理论。我们认为“肺气虚”和“浊毒蕴结肠道”是血管性痴呆发生发展和演变过程中的重要因素,肺脏在痴呆的发病过程中起着不可忽视的作用。其一,如肝主升发,肺主肃降,失去肺金正常克制则肝阳上亢;心主血主神,没有肺朝百脉,辅佐心君,则心无所主,神无所舍,瘀血内生;肺虚则无力为脾宣发津液易致痰湿困脾;肾属水藏精,生髓,脑为髓海,而肺属金生肾水。正如《灵枢·决气》:谷入气满,沣泽注于骨,补益脑髓,是为疏之下源而肺为髓之上源也”。清·黄元御在《黄元御医学全书》中也有论述:“肺金不降,阴魄浮升,不能并精下蛰,故往事遗忘而不藏也”。记忆障碍实际上是肾不能“纳、藏”,不能有效的存储信息;而肺之“降、收”是肾之“纳、藏”的前提条件,“纳、藏”实际是“降、收”的延续。因此,肺是启动记忆存储过程的关键环节。其二,“瘀痰”的发生是气血津液运行失调的表现,与“肺主气、司宣降、朝百脉、通调水道”的功能密切联系,而“浊毒”则与肺相表里大肠之“腑滞”相关。老年人肺虚腑滞,传导不利,多有习惯性便秘,易生浊毒滞腑,上扰精明之府,也是导致痴呆发生病因病机之一。因此,肺与人体的气、血、精、液的运行有密切的关系,正是由于肺的一宣一降,实现了体内外的气体、血液和水液不断交换,从而保证了人体新陈代谢和生理功能的正常进行。因此,在治疗痴呆这一疾病时,重视调理肺气、通腑泄浊具有重要的临床指导意义。我们首先突破传统中医理论的束缚,大胆提出益肺宣肺降浊法及组方治疗VaD,前期临床与实验研究中采用该方法治疗血管性痴呆具有较好的疗效。如此,本研究的实行不但可提高中医对血管性痴呆的认识,而且为血管性痴呆的论治开拓了新的方法和途径,为今后提高临床疗效提供全新的理论依据。同时,本研究具有重要的实用价值和现实意义及推广价值,具有较好的开发应用前景。希冀通过进一步临床研究寻找循证医学的支持,真正造福广大血管性痴呆患者。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法。是一种防治老年性痴呆、血管性痴呆及有痴呆症状的疾病的治疗药物组合物。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法,是以黄芪、人参、桔梗、麦冬、石菖蒲、益智仁、三七、火麻仁、绞股蓝、大黄为原料,具体操作步骤如下:
1.称取原料药:黄芪200克、人参150克、桔梗100g、麦冬150g、石菖蒲300g、益智仁300g、三七150g、火麻仁100g、绞股蓝300g、大黄60g。净选,备用。
2.用20倍所述60g大黄的水煎煮15分钟,过滤,弃去滤渣,大黄滤液备用。
3.将所述三七150g粉碎成细粉,过80目筛,备用。
4.将其余药材加6倍重量的水煎煮二次,每次1小时,滤过,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;再将步骤2大黄滤液与其合并。在温度70℃条件下减压浓缩至在60~70℃测定相对密度为1.10~1.20的稠浸膏,真空干燥、粉碎,得到1022克干浸膏粉。所述其余药材是黄芪200克、人参150克、桔梗100g、麦冬150g、石菖蒲300g、益智仁300g、火麻仁100g、绞股蓝300g。
5.将步骤3的三七细粉及步骤4的干燥浸膏粉混合均匀后,装入胶囊,每粒胶囊重0.35克。
中药是在中医理论指导下的用药。本发明基础方的方解为:
该方突出“补消结合,宣降相宜、上下兼顾”的特点。方中以黄芪、人参、绞股蓝大补肺气为君药,麦冬滋肺柔肝为臣药,桔梗、杏仁、火麻仁、大黄宣降肺气,通腑降浊,辅以三七活血祛瘀,石菖蒲祛痰开窍、宁心益智,益智仁温养脾肾、固精健髓,诸药合用具有很好的益肺降浊、活血祛痰、醒神开窍、安神益智之功效。
《中国药典》2010版记载的本发明组合物的原料药之“功能与主治”:
黄芪:益气固表、利水消肿、脱毒、生肌的功效,适用于自汗、盗汗、血痹、浮肿、痈疽不溃或溃久不敛、内伤劳倦、脾虚泄泻、气虚、血虚、气衰等症。
人参:大补元气,固脱生津,安神。用于劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳痿,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊,及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之证。
绞股蓝:被誉为“南方人参”;益气健脾、养心安神、排除毒素、清热解毒、止咳化痰,可用于降血压、降血脂、降血糖、抗过敏、抗肿瘤、保护肝脏、排除毒素等。
麦冬:养阴生津,润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳。虚痨咳嗽,津伤口渴,心烦失眠,内热消渴,肠燥便秘;咽白喉。
杏仁:止咳润肺平喘、生津开胃散滞,治虚劳咳喘,肠燥便秘。
桔梗:开宣肺气,祛痰排脓。用于外感咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,肺痈吐脓,胸满胁痛,痢疾腹痛
大黄:泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。用于:实热便秘,积滞腹痛,泻痢不爽,湿热黄疽,血热吐衄,目赤,咽肿,肠痈腹痛,痈肿疔疮,瘀血经闭,跌扑损伤,外治水火烫伤。
火麻仁:润肠通便。用于血虚津亏,肠燥便秘;呕逆。
石菖蒲:祛痰开窍,化湿开胃,宁神益智。用于神志昏迷,惊悸,失眠,痴呆,健忘,胸腹胀痛,风寒湿痹,疥癣。
三七:散瘀止血,消肿定痛。用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹剌痛,跌扑肿痛。
益智仁:温脾止泻摄涎,暖肾缩尿固精。用于脾胃虚寒,呕吐,泄泻,腹中冷痛,口多唾涎,肾虚遗尿,尿频,遗精,白浊。
本发明的优点:
本发明具有补气化浊、活血祛痰、醒脑开窍、安神益智之功效。是一种防治血管性痴呆及有痴呆症状的相关疾病的治疗复方中药。临床实验表明,本发明药物组合物具有很好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合临床治疗病症分析和制备实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
临床治疗病症分析:
1资料
1.1一般资料
所有病例均来源于2012年1月-2014年12月就诊于广西中医药大学第一附属医院的门诊或住院患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组。伦理审查遵照赫尔辛基宣言及“涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查办法(试行)”执行。所有数据均由广西中医药大学第一附属医院临床科研数据管理小组负责收集和统计。两组人口学资料及临床特征经统计学检验差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。见表1。
表1 两组病例一般资料特征(n)
1.2临床标准
1.2.1中医诊断标准
按照2002年版《中药新药临床研究指导原则》相关标准拟订。根据主要临床症状评分:健忘、反应迟钝、表情呆板、语言不利等,主动说出记4分,被动问出症状较重记3分,中度记2分,轻度记1分,无症状记0分。
1.2.2西医诊断标准:
采用美国《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)中(VD)的诊断标准。痴呆程度判定采用长谷川痴呆量表(Hasegama’dementia scale,HDS)得分。根据HDS积分判定痴呆程度。
1.2.3纳入标准
符合以上中西医诊断标准者;年龄50~80岁;有脑卒中病史,脑卒中前无认识障碍;影像学诊断有脑卒中病灶;试验前2周内未接受同类药品治疗者;Hachinski缺血积分≥7分;HDS积分判定为轻度和中度者;签署知情同意书。
1.2.4排除标准
重度痴呆患者;患癫痫或帕金森病者;患老年精神病、精神分裂症者;患假性抑郁性痴呆或重度抑郁者;过敏体质及对多种药物过敏者;患严重心、肺、肝、肾疾病者。
1.2.5脱落和剔除标准
发生严重不良事件者;出现并发症不宜继续接受试验者;出现过敏反应者;自行退出或未完成整个疗程而影响疗效或安全性评价者;盲法试验中被破盲者;均应视为脱落。纳入观察后发现未按试验方案规定用药的病例予以剔除。
2方法
2.1治疗方法
2.1.1常规治疗
两组在治疗期间,高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、感染类疾病常规处理外,其它药物一律停用。
2.1.2治疗组
给予口服本发明胶囊(商品名:益肺宣肺化浊胶囊),由广西中医药大学制药厂提供(0.35g/粒,相当于生药1.4g),每次5粒,3次/d;采用随机、双盲法给药,1个疗程(2个月)结束后评价疗效。本试验方案经过中心伦理委员会批准(批准号:GZYLC10110815)。
2.1.3对照组
给予口服均按照《中国药典》要求重新包装后为每5粒含吡拉西坦0.8g的胶囊(北京紫竹药业有限公司提供,批号:国药准字H11020160),胶囊外观、形状、大小与本发明胶囊完全相同,每次5粒,3次/d。与治疗组给药疗程一致。
2.2观察指标及方法
2.2.1中医证候疗效判定:依据《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中医证候疗效评定标准拟定,分四级进行评定:临床控制、显效、有效、无效。疗效标准为:疗效指数(%)=(治疗后得分-治疗前得分)/治疗前得分×100%;当临床疗效指数证候积分减少<30%为无效,30%>有效>70%,70%>显效>95%,≥95%为临床控制。
2.2.2中医证候积分:采用血管性痴呆中医证候积分量表(SDSVD)[6]评定两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分的变化。
2.2.3认知功能测定:采用洛文斯顿作业疗法评定(LOTCA评定)评价治疗治疗前后认知功能的改变。
2.2.4日常生活能力测定:采用日常生活能力量表(daily livingability,ADL)评价患者治疗前后日常生活能力的改变。
2.2.5安全性监测
①一般体检:体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压等。
②实验室检查:血、尿、大便常规;肝肾功能检查。
③不良反应:包括临床研究中可能出现的不良反应。详细记录每一个不良事件等。
3结果
3.1两组治疗后中医证候疗效比较见表2。
治疗组治疗后总有效率为82.5%;对照组治疗后总有效率为70%。两组治疗后组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明说明两组药物均有效,但治疗组在中医证候疗效改善方面优于对照组。
表2 两组VD患者治疗后中医证候疗效比较(例)
注:治疗组和对照组总有效率比较,P<0.05。
3.2两组治疗前后SDSVD、LOTCA、ADL评分比较
两组治疗后较治疗前LOTCA评分增高,SDSVD、ADL评分下降(P<0.05);且治疗后两组SDSVD、LOTCA、ADL评分差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明益肺宣肺化浊胶囊治疗组在中医证候、认知功能及日常生活能力方面较吡拉西坦胶囊对照组有改善。见表3。
表3 两组VD患者治疗前后SDSVD、LOTCA、ADL评分比较(分)
注:与同组治疗前*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,△P<0.05。
3.3两组治疗前后MMSE、ADL评分比较见表2。两组治疗后较治疗前ADL评分下降(P<0.05);而治疗后两组MMSE、ADL评分变化,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明益肺宣肺化浊胶囊对VD患者认知功能及日常生活能力改善较吡拉西坦明显。
表4 两组VD患者治疗前后MMSE、ADL评分比较(分)
注:与同组治疗前P*<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,P△<0.05。
3.4两组治疗前后脑电地形图比较
治疗组显效5例(12.5%),有效22例(55%),无效13例(32.5%),总有效率为67.5%。对照组显效4例(10%),有效19例(47.5%),无效17例(42.5%),总有效率为57.5%。组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。
3.5不良反应:治疗组出现2例出现腹胀,无腹泻;对照组3例出现恶心、食欲不振,1例便秘,2例出现失眠,均不影响继续用药。所有患者治疗期间,生命体征平稳,治疗前后血尿常规、肝肾功能、心电图比较均无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
本发明一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药可以制备不同剂型时所需的各种常规辅料,如崩解剂、润滑剂、粘合剂等,以常规的中药制剂方法制备成任何一种常用口服制剂,如胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂或口服液等。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有补气化浊益智功效的复方中药制备方法,其特征在于,以黄芪、人参、桔梗、麦冬、石菖蒲、益智仁、三七、火麻仁、绞股蓝、大黄为原料,具体操作步骤如下:
1)称取原料药:黄芪200克、人参150克、桔梗100g、麦冬150g、石菖蒲300g、益智仁300g、三七150g、火麻仁100g、绞股蓝300g、大黄60g,净选,备用;
2)用20倍所述60g大黄的水煎煮15分钟,过滤,弃去滤渣,大黄滤液备用;
3)将所述三七150g粉碎成细粉,过80目筛,备用;
4)将其余药材加6倍重量的水煎煮二次,每次1小时,滤过,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;再将步骤2)大黄滤液与其合并,在温度70℃条件下减压浓缩至在60~70℃测定相对密度为1.10~1.20的稠浸膏,真空干燥、粉碎,得到1022克干浸膏粉;所述其余药材是黄芪200克、人参150克、桔梗100g、麦冬150g、石菖蒲300g、益智仁300g、火麻仁100g、绞股蓝300g;
5)将步骤3)的三七细粉及步骤4)的干燥浸膏粉混合均匀后,装入胶囊,每粒胶囊重0.35克。
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