CN107881789A - 一种高导热碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高导热碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高导热碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法，将环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇和去离子水混合，低速搅拌混合，再加入定向剂，低速搅拌混匀后，再加入银纳米线，低速搅拌混匀，加入纳米氧化锌，高速搅拌混合，即得环氧树脂改性剂。利用环氧树脂改性剂与碳纤维材料复合，不仅提高碳纤维的导热性能，而且，具有良好的抗菌性能，有较好的遮蔽紫外线性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域，具体涉及一种高导热碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维具有许多优良性能，碳纤维的轴向强度和模量高，密度低、比性能高，无蠕变，非氧化环境下耐超高温，耐疲劳性好，比热及导电性介于非金属和金属之间，热膨胀系数小且具有各向异性，耐腐蚀性好，X射线透过性好等特点，具有良好的导电导热性能、电磁屏蔽性好等，现已广泛应用于航天航空、新型纺织机械、石油化工、医药器械、汽车、机械制造、建筑行业、文体用品、电信、电加热等高新技术领域。
碳纤维按原料来源可分为聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、粘胶基碳纤维、酚醛基碳纤维、气相生长碳纤维。目前应用最广泛的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维，成本低廉，产量约占全球碳纤维总产量的90％以上。
碳纤维复合材料常会与有发热源的设备接触，将热量迅速导散可以有效保护发热设备还可以提高材料本身的使用寿命。因此高导热性的碳纤维复合材料的研究很有必要。
但是目前的导热碳纤维复合材料主要是注重导热性能，对抵御外部热源等很少研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，利用环氧树脂改性剂与碳纤维材料复合，不仅提高碳纤维的导热性能，而且，具有良好的抗菌性能，有较好的遮蔽紫外线性能。
本发明还提供了一种高导热碳纤维复合材料。
本发明具体技术方案：
本发明提供的一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)碳纤维进行电晕处理；
2)将步骤1)处理后的碳纤维置于环氧树脂改性剂中，浸-扎处理，烘干，即得高导热碳纤维复合材料；
步骤2)所述环氧树脂改性剂的制备方法为：将环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇和去离子水混合，低速搅拌混合，再加入定向剂，低速搅拌混匀后，再加入银纳米线，低速搅拌混匀，加入纳米氧化锌，高速搅拌混合，即得环氧树脂改性剂。
步骤1)所述电晕处理为在6-10kV条件下处理5-8s。
进一步的，步骤1)中电晕处理在氧气和氮气混合气体条件下进行，氧气和氮气的体积比为2:8。
步骤2)中所述定向剂选自毕克牌，型号为Aquatix 8421；
步骤2)中所述银纳米线尺寸为20-50nm；长度为1000-1800nm。
步骤2)中所述环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇、去离子水、定向剂、银纳米线和纳米氧化锌质量比为50-60:0.5-2:0.3-0.8:3-6:5-8:2-4:4-8:0.5-1。
步骤2)中所述低速搅拌混合是指在600-1000r/min条件下搅拌混合15-30min。所述高速搅拌混合是指在1500-2000r/min条件下搅拌混合10-20min。
所述环氧树脂选自热固性环氧树脂。
步骤2)中浸-扎处理中浸渍料液比1:3-7。
步骤2)中所述浸-扎处理具体为,浸渍2-10s，二浸二轧,轧余率50-70％。
步骤2)中所述烘干是指130-140℃烘干1-4min。
所述碳纤维优选自聚丙烯腈基碳纤维。
本发明提供的一种高导热碳纤维复合材料，采用上述方法制备得到。
本发明先将碳纤维电晕处理，使碳纤维表面的羧基、羟基、羰基等基团增多，更容易与制备的环氧树脂改性剂结合。在环氧树脂改性剂制备过程中，加尺寸为20-50nm；长度为1000-1800nm的银纳米线，配合纳米氧化锌，有利于提高碳纤维的导热性能，而且，定向剂配合硅酮流平剂的加入，有利于银纳米线和纳米氧化锌的均匀定向分散，提高碳纤维水平方向和垂直方向的导热性能。二氨基二苯甲烷的加入，有利于在碳纤维表面固化成膜，提高改性剂与碳纤维结合的牢固度。另外，银纳米线和纳米氧化锌在制备过程中最后加入，有利于分散均匀，以免被过渡包覆而失去作用。制备的环氧树脂改性剂与碳纤维复合，还可以提高碳纤维的抵御外部热源，其紫外线遮蔽高达99％以上。而且，能够起到杀菌功能，细菌抑制率达到99.9％。
与现有技术相比，本发明利用环氧树脂改性剂，提高碳纤维导热性能，在平行纤维平面方向和垂直纤维平面方向都有很高的导热率，能够有效抵御外部热源和阳光辐照，其紫外线遮蔽高达99％以上。还能够起到杀菌功能，细菌抑制率达到99.9％。本发明复合材料制备方法简单，成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)聚丙烯腈基碳纤维经过电晕处理：电晕处理在氧气和氮气混合气体条件下进行，氧气和氮气的体积比为2:8，在10kV条件下处理5s。
2)将热固性环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇和去离子水混合，800r/min条件下搅拌混合20min，再加入定向剂，800r/min条件下搅拌混合25min，再加入银纳米线，600r/min条件下搅拌混合30min，加入纳米氧化锌，1500r/min条件下搅拌混合15min，即得环氧树脂改性剂。所述定向剂选自毕克牌，型号为Aquatix 8421；所述银纳米线尺寸为20-50nm；长度为1000-1800nm。所述环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇、去离子水、定向剂、银纳米线和纳米氧化锌质量比为50:0.6:0.4:3:5:2:4:0.6。
3)将步骤1)处理后的纤维置于环氧树脂改性剂中，浸-扎处理，按照料液比1:4浸渍，浸渍5s，二浸二轧,轧余率50-70％，130℃烘干2min，即得高导热碳纤维复合材料。
实施例2
一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)聚丙烯腈基碳纤维经过电晕处理：电晕处理在氧气和氮气混合气体条件下进行，氧气和氮气的体积比为2:8，在6kV条件下处理8s。
2)将热固性环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇和去离子水混合，600r/min条件下搅拌混合30min，再加入定向剂，800r/min条件下搅拌混合20min，再加入银纳米线，800r/min条件下搅拌混合30min，加入纳米氧化锌，2000r/min条件下搅拌混合15min，即得环氧树脂改性剂。所述定向剂选自毕克牌，型号为Aquatix 8421；所述银纳米线尺寸为20-50nm；长度为1000-1800nm。所述环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇、去离子水、定向剂、银纳米线和纳米氧化锌质量比为55:1:0.5:5:6:3:5:0.8。
3)将步骤1)处理后的纤维置于环氧树脂改性剂中，浸-扎处理，按照料液比1:5浸渍，浸渍6s，二浸二轧,轧余率50-70％，140℃烘干2min，即得高导热碳纤维复合材料。
对比例1
一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，同实施例1，环氧树脂改性剂中不加入银纳米线。
对比例2
一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，同实施例2，环氧树脂改性剂中不加入纳米氧化锌。
性能测试：
按ASTM E1461标准进行导热率测试、抑菌测试和抗紫外线UPF值，实施例1-2和对比例1-2的实验结果如表1所示：
表1
本发明制备的复合材料在平行纤维平面方向和垂直纤维平面方向都有很高的导热率，能够有效抵御外部热源和阳光辐照，其紫外线遮蔽高达99％以上。还能够起到杀菌功能，细菌抑制率达到99.9％。本发明复合材料制备方法简单，成本低。
Claims (10)
1.一种高导热碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)碳纤维进行电晕处理；
2)将步骤1)处理后的碳纤维置于环氧树脂改性剂中，浸-扎处理，烘干，即得高导热碳纤维复合材料；
步骤2)所述环氧树脂改性剂的制备方法为：将环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇和去离子水混合，低速搅拌混合，再加入定向剂，低速搅拌混匀后，再加入银纳米线，低速搅拌混匀，加入纳米氧化锌，高速搅拌混合，即得环氧树脂改性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)所述电晕处理为在6-10kV条件下处理5-8s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所述环氧树脂、硅酮流平剂、二氨基二苯甲烷、乙二醇、去离子水、定向剂、银纳米线和纳米氧化锌质量比为50-60:0.5-2:0.3-0.8:3-6:5-8:2-4:4-8:0.5-1。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所述银纳米线尺寸为20-50nm；长度为1000-1800nm。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所述低速搅拌混合是指在600-1000r/min条件下搅拌混合15-30min。所述高速搅拌混合是指在1500-2000r/min条件下搅拌混合10-20min。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂选自热固性环氧树脂。
7.根据权利要求1或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中浸-扎处理中浸渍料液比1:3-7。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所述浸-扎处理具体为,浸渍2-10s，二浸二轧,轧余率50-70％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中所述烘干是指130-140℃烘干1-4min。
10.一种权利要求1-9任意所制备的高导热碳纤维复合材料。
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