CN107880418A - 一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法 - Google Patents
一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,本发明采用聚氨酯包覆环戊烷微胶囊作为发泡剂制备挤塑聚苯板,这种微胶囊发泡剂利用异氰酸酯的低温聚合作用,实现了对环戊烷的高效包覆,这样处理后的发泡剂较之常规的物理发泡剂不仅在添加方式上更为简单,降低了生产成本,聚氨酯微胶囊在相容剂的作用下实现了聚苯乙烯的良好相容,进一步提升了发泡材料的综合性能,此外,还可以通过控制聚氨酯微胶囊的粒径大小实现发泡孔径的控制,以此方法生产的聚苯板保温效果更佳,生产成本更低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及挤塑聚苯板生产技术领域,尤其涉及一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法。
背景技术
挤塑板是以聚苯乙烯树脂辅以聚合物在加热混合的同时,注入催化剂,而后挤塑压出连续性闭孔发泡的硬质泡沫塑料板,其内部为独立的密闭式气泡结构,是一种具有高抗压、吸水率低、防潮、不透气、质轻、耐腐蚀、超抗老化(长期使用几乎无老化)、导热系数低等优异性能的环保型保温材料,广泛应用于干墙体保温、平面混凝土屋顶及钢结构屋顶的保温,低温储藏地面、低温地板辐射采暖采暖管下、泊车平台、机场跑道、高速公路等领域的防潮保温,控制地面冻胀,是建筑业物美价廉、品质俱佳的隔热、防潮材料。
在挤塑聚苯板生产过程中,发泡剂气化,膨胀充盈,形成气泡孔,与聚苯乙烯膜泡包裹在一起,储存在气泡内部,被吸收和溶解。当这种溶解达到饱和之后,多余的发泡剂会扩散到外部,与此同时,向挤塑板内部扩散的空气与发泡剂一起形成混合气体,导致泡孔内部气压上升,由于空气的导热系数高于发泡孔的导热系数,因此混合气体的导热系数也随之增大。空气向内扩散的速度大于发泡剂向外扩散的速度,所以这个阶段导热系数急剧增大,当空气的扩散结束后,空气充满泡孔内,挤塑板内部的发泡剂将持续以非常缓慢的速度向外扩散(陈化过程),表现为导热系数缓慢增长。由于孔隙中的气体传导了大部分热量,气泡内气体的导热系数又贡献了约60%的影响,因此选用一种低导热,同时可以在气泡内储存较长时间的发泡剂显得尤为关键。氟利昂是一种比较理想的发泡剂,但是由于其会破坏大气臭氧层,加剧温室效应,被限制使用,需要选用别的发泡剂作为替代品。超临界二氧化碳属于较为理想的环保型发泡剂,但是其导热系数偏高,以其作为主发泡剂时会提高聚苯板的导热系数,制造使用困难较大。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表面活性剂、助表面活性剂依次加入水中,搅拌使其完全溶解后备用,溶液中表面活性剂的浓度为2-5%,助表面活性剂的浓度为0.1-0.5%;
(2)将环戊烷、异氰酸酯单体混合均匀后投入步骤(1)配制的溶液中,在0-5℃条件下以8000-12000rpm的速度剪切乳化30-50min,得悬浮液备用;
(3)将聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺依次滴加到步骤(2)制备的悬浮液中,滴加完毕后密闭搅拌反应2-5h,其中反应温度为10-25℃,搅拌速度为150-300rpm,反应完毕后体系经冷却、抽滤、干燥,得聚氨酯包裹环戊烷的微胶囊化发泡剂备用;
(4)将上述制备得到的微胶囊化发泡剂、聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒、相容剂以(1-10):(30-80):(1-5)的重量比一起加入挤塑机内,在130-138℃下挤出发泡,冷却成型后即得。
所述的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温80中的一种。
所述的助表面活性剂为正丁醇。
所述的异氰酸酯单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述的环戊烷与异氰酸酯单体的重量比为1:(1-2)。
所述的悬浮液中环戊烷的重量百分数为10-30%。
所述的异氰酸酯单体与聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺三者的质量比为1:(0.5-1.8):(0.001-0.005)。
所述的相容剂为苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐。
本发明采用聚氨酯包覆环戊烷微胶囊作为发泡剂制备挤塑聚苯板,这种微胶囊发泡剂利用异氰酸酯的低温聚合作用,实现了对环戊烷的高效包覆,这样处理后的发泡剂较之常规的物理发泡剂不仅在添加方式上更为简单,降低了生产成本,聚氨酯微胶囊在相容剂的作用下实现了聚苯乙烯的良好相容,进一步提升了发泡材料的综合性能,此外,还可以通过控制聚氨酯微胶囊的粒径大小实现发泡孔径的控制,以此方法生产的聚苯板保温效果更佳,生产成本更低。
具体实施方式
一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将十二烷基硫酸钠、正丁醇依次加入水中,搅拌使其完全溶解后备用,溶液中表面活性剂的浓度为2%,助表面活性剂的浓度为0.1%;
(2)将环戊烷、甲苯二异氰酸酯按照1:1的重量比混合均匀后与步骤(1)配制的溶液混合,调节体系环戊烷浓度为10%,然后在0℃条件下以8000rpm的速度剪切乳化30min,得悬浮液备用;
(3)将聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺依次滴加到步骤(2)制备的悬浮液中,滴加完毕后密闭搅拌反应2h,其中反应温度为10℃,搅拌速度为150rpm,反应完毕后体系经冷却、抽滤、干燥,得聚氨酯包裹环戊烷的微胶囊化发泡剂备用;
(4)将上述制备得到的微胶囊化发泡剂、聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒、苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐以1:30:1的重量比一起加入挤塑机内,在130℃下挤出发泡,冷却成型后即得。
步骤(3)中甲苯二异氰酸酯单体与聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺三者的质量比为1:0.5:0.001。
Claims (8)
1.一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表面活性剂、助表面活性剂依次加入水中,搅拌使其完全溶解后备用,溶液中表面活性剂的浓度为2-5%,助表面活性剂的浓度为0.1-0.5%;
(2)将环戊烷、异氰酸酯单体混合均匀后投入步骤(1)配制的溶液中,在0-5℃条件下以8000-12000rpm的速度剪切乳化30-50min,得悬浮液备用;
(3)将聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺依次滴加到步骤(2)制备的悬浮液中,滴加完毕后密闭搅拌反应2-5h,其中反应温度为10-25℃,搅拌速度为150-300rpm,反应完毕后体系经冷却、抽滤、干燥,得聚氨酯包裹环戊烷的微胶囊化发泡剂备用;
(4)将上述制备得到的微胶囊化发泡剂、聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒、相容剂以(1-10):(30-80):(1-5)的重量比一起加入挤塑机内,在130-138℃下挤出发泡,冷却成型后即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温80中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的助表面活性剂为正丁醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的异氰酸酯单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的环戊烷与异氰酸酯单体的重量比为1:(1-2)。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的悬浮液中环戊烷的重量百分数为10-30%。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的异氰酸酯单体与聚乙二醇、三乙烯二胺三者的质量比为1:(0.5-1.8):(0.001-0.005)。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种采用微胶囊化发泡剂生产挤塑聚苯板的方法,其特征在于,所述的相容剂为苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐。
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