CN107880419A - 一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107880419A
CN107880419A CN201711055445.XA CN201711055445A CN107880419A CN 107880419 A CN107880419 A CN 107880419A CN 201711055445 A CN201711055445 A CN 201711055445A CN 107880419 A CN107880419 A CN 107880419A
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杨华亮
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,该聚苯板包括以下重量份的组分:负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末1‑10、聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒65‑100、填料1‑5、发泡剂5‑10、阻燃剂0.1‑5。

Description

一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及挤塑聚苯板技术领域,尤其涉及一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板及其制备方法。
背景技术
挤塑板是以聚苯乙烯树脂辅以聚合物在加热混合的同时,注入催化剂,而后挤塑压出连续性闭孔发泡的硬质泡沫塑料板,其内部为独立的密闭式气泡结构,是一种具有高抗压、吸水率低、防潮、不透气、质轻、耐腐蚀、超抗老化(长期使用几乎无老化)、导热系数低等优异性能的环保型保温材料,广泛应用于干墙体保温、平面混凝土屋顶及钢结构屋顶的保温,低温储藏地面、低温地板辐射采暖采暖管下、泊车平台、机场跑道、高速公路等领域的防潮保温,控制地面冻胀,是建筑业物美价廉、品质俱佳的隔热、防潮材料。
目前,外墙外保温系统中使用的挤塑聚苯板,耐火性差,不能够满足实际使用中的防火要求,需要提高其阻燃性能。由于挤塑板表皮为光面,粘结力差,实现表面改性处理较为困难。专利CN102134882A公开了一种用于提高外墙外保温系统中挤塑聚苯板防火性能的方法,提供一种由聚合物乳液、阻燃剂、消泡剂和水泥等组成的新型挤塑聚苯板界面处理剂,然后用这种界面处理剂对挤塑聚苯板进行增强处理,以提高其阻燃性和表面粘结性,处理后的挤塑聚苯板阻燃性能得到提高,但是这种涂层材料还是存在高分子材料,本身还是具有一定的可燃性,且其抗紫外线老化性差,易发白开裂,在外墙保温系统中应用性能较差。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,该聚苯板包括以下重量份的组分:负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末1-10、聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒65-100、填料1-5、发泡剂5-10、阻燃剂0.1-5。
所述的负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末的粒径为0.1-50μm,是由表面负载纳米氧化锌的碳纳米球作为构筑单元交联堆叠而成。
所述的填料为白炭黑、纳米碳酸钙、纳米级氢氧化镁、滑石粉中的一种。
所述的发泡剂为乙醇、二氧化碳中的一种或两种混合。
所述的阻燃剂为有机磷系阻燃剂。
所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末
制备有机锌溶胶:将乙酸锌、二乙醇胺和乙二醇甲醚混合,并在温度为30-55℃和搅拌速度为400-500r/min条件下搅拌2-10h,得到混合溶液,然后将混合溶液静置陈化10h-24h,得到有机锌溶胶,其中乙酸锌与二乙醇胺的体积比为(1-1.5)g:1mL,乙酸锌与乙二醇甲醚的体积比为1g:(10-20)mL;
将水热法制备得到的纳米酚醛树脂微球投入装有无水四氯化碳的反应釜中,搅拌溶胀5-12h后加入有机锌溶胶,继续搅拌混合1-5h,随后加入无水三氯化铝,在45-60℃条件下搅拌反应1-24h后加入水终止反应,反应结束后体系经过滤、洗涤、干燥得到复合气凝胶材料,最后将该气凝胶材料高温碳化处理,即得到负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末;
(2)将上述制备得到的碳气凝胶粉末与聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒混合,在125-132℃温度下搅拌均匀,用双螺杆挤出机挤出造出的颗粒,将造出的颗粒与其它剩余组分在95-115℃温度下搅拌混匀加入挤塑机内挤压成型,出料即得。
所述步骤(1)中纳米酚醛树脂微球与无水三氯化铝的质量比为0.5:2-2.5;其中每1g纳米酚醛树脂微球对应10-50mL有机锌溶胶;有机锌溶胶、无水四氯化碳、水三者的体积比为1:(1-5):(2-5)。
本发明通过对纳米酚醛树脂微球进行溶胀处理后,与有机锌溶胶混合,在催化剂和交联剂的作用下进行交联反应,然后再不良溶剂作用下实现凝胶化,最终获得了粉末状的负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶,将其加入聚苯乙烯树脂体系中与无机填料、阻燃剂等一起进行发泡处理,制成了一种新型的高阻燃、高抗光老化的挤塑聚苯板。由于碳气凝胶具有独特的单分散纳米网络结构单元,其表面气孔率高,有改善泡沫结构的特点,进一步提高了泡沫板的保温、隔音效果,同时碳气凝胶良好的吸附性能还可在一定程度上改善聚苯板的表面性能,使其更易粘结或者改性处理,纳米氧化锌的加入可以有效的提升聚苯板抗紫外光老化的能力,其是以碳气凝胶作为载体进入到发泡树脂体系中的,其粒径更小,与树脂体系结合的更为牢固,较之直接添加纳米氧化锌的处理方式更为高效。本发明制备的聚苯板改善了传统挤塑聚苯板表面改性困难以及容易老化开裂等缺陷,无论是直接使用还是组合使用都具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,该聚苯板包括以下重量份的组分:负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末1、聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒65、白炭黑1、发泡剂乙醇5、阻燃剂BDP 0.1。
其中负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末的粒径为0.1μm,是由表面负载纳米氧化锌的碳纳米球作为构筑单元交联堆叠而成。
一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末
制备有机锌溶胶:将乙酸锌、二乙醇胺和乙二醇甲醚混合,并在温度为30℃和搅拌速度为400r/min条件下搅拌2h,得到混合溶液,然后将混合溶液静置陈化10h,得到有机锌溶胶,其中乙酸锌与二乙醇胺的体积比为1g:1mL,乙酸锌与乙二醇甲醚的体积比为1g:10mL;
将水热法制备得到的纳米酚醛树脂微球投入装有无水四氯化碳的反应釜中,搅拌溶胀5h后加入有机锌溶胶,继续搅拌混合1h,随后加入无水三氯化铝,在45℃条件下搅拌反应1h后加入水终止反应,反应结束后体系经过滤、洗涤、干燥得到复合气凝胶材料,最后将该气凝胶材料高温碳化处理,即得到负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末,其中纳米酚醛树脂微球与无水三氯化铝的质量比为0.5:2;其中每1g纳米酚醛树脂微球对应10mL有机锌溶胶;有机锌溶胶、无水四氯化碳、水三者的体积比为1:1:2;
(2)将上述制备得到的碳气凝胶粉末与聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒混合,在125℃温度下搅拌均匀,用双螺杆挤出机挤出造出的颗粒,将造出的颗粒与其它剩余组分在95℃温度下搅拌混匀加入挤塑机内挤压成型,出料即得。

Claims (7)

1.一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,其特征在于,该聚苯板包括以下重量份的组分:负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末1-10、聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒65-100、填料1-5、发泡剂5-10、阻燃剂0.1-5。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,其特征在于,所述的负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末的粒径为0.1-50μm,是由表面负载纳米氧化锌的碳纳米球作为构筑单元交联堆叠而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,其特征在于,所述的填料为白炭黑、纳米碳酸钙、纳米级氢氧化镁、滑石粉中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,其特征在于,所述的发泡剂为乙醇、二氧化碳中的一种或两种混合。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板,其特征在于,所述的阻燃剂为有机磷系阻燃剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末
制备有机锌溶胶:将乙酸锌、二乙醇胺和乙二醇甲醚混合,并在温度为30-55℃和搅拌速度为400-500r/min条件下搅拌2-10h,得到混合溶液,然后将混合溶液静置陈化10h-24h,得到有机锌溶胶,其中乙酸锌与二乙醇胺的体积比为(1-1.5)g:1mL,乙酸锌与乙二醇甲醚的体积比为1g:(10-20)mL;
将水热法制备得到的纳米酚醛树脂微球投入装有无水四氯化碳的反应釜中,搅拌溶胀5-12h后加入有机锌溶胶,继续搅拌混合1-5h,随后加入无水三氯化铝,在45-60℃条件下搅拌反应1-24h后加入水终止反应,反应结束后体系经过滤、洗涤、干燥得到复合气凝胶材料,最后将该气凝胶材料高温碳化处理,即得到负载纳米氧化锌的碳气凝胶粉末;
(2)将上述制备得到的碳气凝胶粉末与聚苯乙烯树脂单体颗粒混合,在125-132℃温度下搅拌均匀,用双螺杆挤出机挤出造出的颗粒,将造出的颗粒与其它剩余组分在95-115℃温度下搅拌混匀加入挤塑机内挤压成型,出料即得。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种高阻燃抗老化的挤塑聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中纳米酚醛树脂微球与无水三氯化铝的质量比为0.5:2-2.5;其中每1g纳米酚醛树脂微球对应10-50mL有机锌溶胶;有机锌溶胶、无水四氯化碳、水三者的体积比为1:(1-5):(2-5)。
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CN110040713A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-23 太原理工大学 一种碳气凝胶的制备方法
CN110591222A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2019-12-20 安徽四建控股集团有限公司 一种轻质隔音墙板
CN111019321A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-04-17 内蒙古民族大学 一种高分子保温隔热材料及其制备方法

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CN110040713A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-23 太原理工大学 一种碳气凝胶的制备方法
CN110040713B (zh) * 2019-04-25 2022-08-05 太原理工大学 一种碳气凝胶的制备方法
CN110591222A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2019-12-20 安徽四建控股集团有限公司 一种轻质隔音墙板
CN111019321A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-04-17 内蒙古民族大学 一种高分子保温隔热材料及其制备方法

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