CN107858879A - A kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type - Google Patents
A kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107858879A CN107858879A CN201711060480.0A CN201711060480A CN107858879A CN 107858879 A CN107858879 A CN 107858879A CN 201711060480 A CN201711060480 A CN 201711060480A CN 107858879 A CN107858879 A CN 107858879A
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- turnout
- track switch
- straight line
- translation
- junction girder
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- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 55
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000008037 Arthrogryposis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
- E01B25/08—Tracks for mono-rails with centre of gravity of vehicle above the load-bearing rail
- E01B25/12—Switches; Crossings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type, including track switch base (14) and Fixed frog beam, more guide rails (12) are provided between the Fixed frog beam, the guide rail (12) is provided with crossover turnout component and straight line track switch component, the crossover turnout component includes the first crossover turnout translation beam (5) and the second crossover turnout translation beam (6), the straight line track switch component includes first straight line track switch translation beam (7), 3rd straight line track switch translation beam (9), second straight line track switch translation beam (8) and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam (10).The small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the present invention, multigroup translation turnout beam is set between Fixed frog beam, guide rail and sliding block are set between translation turnout beam and track switch base, pass through motor drive gear rack, so as to drive different translation turnout beams to move, realize that the fast quick change under different operating modes is removed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Straddle type monorail turnout technology field, is crossed more particularly, to a kind of small line spacing list of translating type
Line single-track turnout.
Background technology
Straddle-type monorail is the important component in track traffic, and straddle-type monorail only has a train to ride in rail
On, supported by single rail, be stable and be oriented to, it is densely populated, road is narrow, how curved anxious, the congested in traffic city in slope
For, straddle-type monorail not only has climb very steep slopes, turns sharp turn, and noise is low, and the advantages that ride comfort, and construction costs is only about
The 1/3 of subway, the speed of service is then suitable with subway, and freight volume is close to Type B subway train, thus with being particularly suitable for middle freight volume, landform
Matter is complicated, wishes to control the city of urban rail construction cost and landscape, and Straddle type monorail can solve asking for traffic congestion well
Topic, the traffic of modern city can be adapted well to.
Straddle-type monorail track structure includes track girder, pillar and track switch, and track switch is that one kind makes rolling stock from a station track
The connection equipment of another station track circuit is transferred to, track switch is as important component in track traffic, to the peace of rail transportation operation
Quan Xing, comfortableness, high efficiency are most important.At present, in track traffic Riding-type Monorail Switch field designed, manufacture, should
Track switch type mainly includes joint turnout and joint flexible type track switch, space-consuming are big；Wherein joint turnout includes
Broken-line type and bendable, it is linear that broken-line type joint turnout turnout junction girder in turn-out track forms broken line in front of turning point, using more
Section broken line carrys out matched curve, and shortcoming is to form cusp in joint junction, and turnout linear is not round and smooth, can produce during train driving compared with
Big impact, especially when running at high speed；Bendable joint turnout each joint turnout junction girder in turn-out track can curve curve
It is linear, seamlessly transitted between joint, shortcoming is that the control difficulty of one curve of each arthrogryposis formation is big, can produce between joint and not assist
Adjust, curve round and smooth degree is not easy to keep.
In city track traffic engineering, the spirit for being provided for train of turning back temporarily, increasing during train operation of single branch-cut bridge
Activity, that realizes train turns line operation.The setting meaning of single branch-cut bridge includes：(1) turn back line, parking line and stop line are coordinated；(2)
Between two main tracks, train temporary organization and night engineering truck is organized to turn back.The setting of single branch-cut bridge should meet organization of driving and
For the requirement of passenger services.Single branch-cut bridge, when being arranged to curve, advantageously reduces station excavation generally proximate to station end set
Length, construction cost is reduced, it is cost-effective.But single branch-cut bridge is arranged to the line spacing of curve between association area not yet match line
It is also less to the line spacing research between urban track traffic main track to make clear and definite regulation, domestic scholars and expert.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge list of translating type
Track turnout, it is intended that single branch-cut bridge can be realized by the translation of turnout junction girder, while reducing line spacing, realize translation
Turnout junction girder motion interlocking.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type, including
Track switch base and the Fixed frog beam located at its both ends,
More guide rails are provided between the Fixed frog beam, the guide rail is provided with crossover turnout component and linear road
Trouble component, wherein, the crossover turnout component includes the first crossover turnout translation beam and the second crossover turnout translation beam, described straight
Drawing lines trouble component includes first straight line track switch translation beam, the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam, second straight line track switch translation beam and the 4th
Straight line track switch translation beam；
The first straight line track switch translation beam and the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam form one group, located at the Fixed frog beam
One end of component, the second straight line track switch translation beam and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam form another group, located at the fixation
The other end of track switch beam, the first crossover turnout translation beam are provided with the first straight line track switch translation beam and the 3rd straight line
The outside of track switch translation beam, the second crossover turnout translation beam are located at the second straight line track switch translation beam and the 4th linear road
The outside of trouble translation beam；
Motor is additionally provided with the track switch base, for driving crossover turnout component or straight line track switch the component edge
The slide block movement, realize that the fast quick change under different operating modes is removed.
Further, the Fixed frog beam includes the first turnout junction girder fixing end, the second turnout junction girder fixing end, the 3rd
Turnout junction girder fixing end and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end；
One group of the first turnout junction girder fixing end and the second turnout junction girder fixing end composition, one provided with the track switch base
End；
The 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end form another group, provided with the another of the track switch base
One end.
Further, the track switch base corresponds to the first turnout junction girder fixing end, the second turnout junction girder fixing end, the 3rd
Turnout junction girder fixing end and the 4th turnout junction girder position fixed ends are equipped with support base.
Further, the structure of the first straight line track switch translation beam and the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam is identical, and described
Two straight line track switch translation beams and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam structure are identical, and separate interlaced arrangement.
Further, the first crossover turnout translation beam and the second crossover turnout translation girder construction are similar, and end with
The first turnout junction girder fixing end, the second turnout junction girder fixing end, the end of the 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end
Portion matches.
Further, the every guide rail is provided with sliding block.
Further, gear is provided with the output shaft of the motor.
Further, rack is provided between the gear and the adjacent sliding block.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
(1) the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the invention, is set multigroup between Fixed frog beam
Translation turnout beam, guide rail and sliding block are set between translation turnout beam and track switch base, pass through motor sliding tooth
Rack is taken turns, so as to drive different translation turnout beams to move, realizes that the fast quick change under different operating modes is removed.
(2) the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the invention, compared to existing rotary-type single-track turnout etc.,
The line spacing between single branch-cut bridge main track is reduced, moreover, it is simple in construction, monorail transit space-consuming is saved, it is affected by environment small.
(3) the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the invention, profit change beam connection transition smooth-going, joint gap
It is small, be advantageous to cross at a high speed and branch off.
(4) the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the invention, is driven, control accuracy by rack and pinion engagement
Height, while ensure that the motion interlocking of turnout junction girder.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall schematic of the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of translating sections of the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the embodiment of the present invention are partially schematic
Figure；
Fig. 3 is a kind of small overall schematic of line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout operating mode 1 of translating type of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of overall schematic of operating mode 2 of the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the embodiment of the present invention.
In all of the figs, same reference represents identical technical characteristic, is specially：The turnout junction girders of 1- first are fixed
End；2- the second turnout junction girder fixing ends；The turnout junction girder fixing ends of 3- the 3rd；The turnout junction girder fixing ends of 4- the 4th；The crossover turnouts of 5- first are put down
Move beam；6- the second crossover turnout translation beams；7- first straight line track switch translation beams；8- second straight line track switch translation beams；9- the 3rd is straight
Drawing lines trouble translation beam；The straight line track switch translation beams of 10- the 4th；11- sliding blocks；12- guide rails；13- support bases；14- track switch bases；15-
Rack；16- gears；17- motors.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below that
Conflict can is not formed between this to be mutually combined.
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall schematic of the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the embodiment of the present invention.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of the translating type in the present embodiment mainly includes 4 Fixed frog beams and 2 groups of translations
Track switch beam, wherein, Fixed frog beam includes the first turnout junction girder fixing end 1, the second turnout junction girder fixing end the 2, the 3rd
Trouble beam fixing end 3 and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end 4.Translation turnout beam includes the first crossover turnout translation beam 5, first straight line
The straight line track switch translation beam 9 of track switch translation beam 7 and the 3rd；Second crossover turnout translation beam 6, second straight line track switch translation beam 8 with
And the 4th straight line track switch translation beam 10.The small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the present invention, in Fixed frog beam
Between multigroup translation turnout beam is set, guide rail and sliding block are set between translation turnout beam and track switch base, pass through drive
Dynamic motor-driven gear rack, so as to drive different translation turnout beams to move, realizes that the fast quick change under different operating modes is removed.
As shown in figure 1, in one embodiment of the present of invention, the first turnout junction girder fixing end 1, the second turnout junction girder fixing end 2,
Three turnout junction girder fixing ends 3, the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end 4 are fixed on track switch base 14 by support base 13.The translating type of the present invention
Small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout, compared to existing rotary-type single-track turnout etc., reduce between the line between single branch-cut bridge main track
Away from, moreover, it is simple in construction, monorail transit space-consuming is saved, it is affected by environment small.
As shown in figure 1, on track switch base 14, multiple guide rails 12, each guide rail are provided between the Fixed frog beam
Sliding block 11 is equipped with 12, sliding block 11 and translation turnout junction girder component are synchronized with the movement.Meanwhile sliding block 11 coordinates slip with guide rail 12.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, the motor 17 and the coaxial cooperation of gear 16 that are installed on track switch base 14,
Gear 16 engages with 2 racks 15.Rack 15 is respectively arranged on the sliding block 11 of translation turnout beam side, motor 17
Drive gear rack, so as to drive the opposite rail 12 of sliding block 11 to move.Said structure ensure that the motion of translation turnout beam
Negative correlation, realize the motion interlocking of turnout junction girder.Ensure that one group of translation turnout beam to a direction slide when, another group
Translation turnout beam moves to opposite direction.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, the drive gear 16 of motor 17 simultaneously moves with carry-over bar 15, while drives 2
Group translation turnout beam.The small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type of the present invention, is driven by rack and pinion engagement, control essence
Degree is high, while ensure that the motion interlocking of turnout junction girder, and profit changes beam connection transition smooth-going, and joint gap is small, is advantageous at a high speed
Cross trouble.
As shown in figure 3, operating mode 1：First turnout junction girder fixing end 1, the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end 4, the translation of first straight line track switch
Beam 7, the 4th straight line track switch translation beam 10 realize path；Second turnout junction girder fixing end 2, the 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end 3, second straight line
Track switch translation beam 8, the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam 9 realize path.
As shown in figure 4, operating mode 2：First turnout junction girder fixing end 1, the 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end 3, the translation of the first crossover turnout
Beam 5, the second crossover turnout translation beam 6 realize branch-cut bridge.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not used to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type, including track switch base (14) and the Fixed frog located at its both ends
Beam, it is characterised in that
More guide rails (12) are provided between the Fixed frog beam, the guide rail (12) is provided with crossover turnout component and directly
Drawing lines trouble component, wherein, the crossover turnout component includes the first crossover turnout translation beam (5) and the second crossover turnout translation beam
(6), the straight line track switch component includes first straight line track switch translation beam (7), the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam (9), second straight line
Track switch translation beam (8) and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam (10)；
The first straight line track switch translation beam (7) and the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam (9) form one group, located at the Fixed frog
One end of beam, the second straight line track switch translation beam (8) and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam (10) form another group, are located at
The other end of the Fixed frog beam, the first crossover turnout translation beam (5) translate provided with the first straight line track switch
The outside of beam (7) and the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam (9), the second crossover turnout translation beam (6) are located at the second straight line
The outside of track switch translation beam (8) and the 4th straight line track switch translation beam (10)；
Motor (17) is additionally provided with the track switch base (14), for driving crossover turnout component or straight line the track switch group
Part moves along the sliding block (11), realizes that the fast quick change under different operating modes is removed.
A kind of 2. small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fixation
Track switch beam includes the first turnout junction girder fixing end (1), the second turnout junction girder fixing end (2), the 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end (3) and the
Four turnout junction girder fixing ends (4)；
The first turnout junction girder fixing end (1) and the second turnout junction girder fixing end (2) form one group, provided with the track switch base (14)
One end；
The 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end (3) and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end (4) form another group, provided with the track switch base
(14) the other end.
3. the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of a kind of translating type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described
Track switch base (14) is fixed corresponding to the first turnout junction girder fixing end (1), the second turnout junction girder fixing end (2), the 3rd turnout junction girder
End (3) and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end (4) position are equipped with support base (13).
4. the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of a kind of translating type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first
Straight line track switch translation beam (7) is identical with the structure of the 3rd straight line track switch translation beam (9), the second straight line track switch translation beam (8)
And the 4th straight line track switch translation beam (10) structure it is identical, and separate interlaced arrangement.
5. the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of a kind of translating type according to any one of claim 1-3, its feature exist
In the first crossover turnout translation beam (5) is similar with second crossover turnout translation beam (6) structure, and end and described first
Turnout junction girder fixing end (1), the second turnout junction girder fixing end (2), the 3rd turnout junction girder fixing end (3) and the 4th turnout junction girder fixing end (4)
End match.
6. the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of a kind of translating type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in every
Guide rail (12) is provided with sliding block (11).
A kind of 7. small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of translating type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the driving
Gear (16) is provided with the output shaft of motor (17).
8. the small line spacing list branch-cut bridge single-track turnout of a kind of translating type according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that described
Rack (15) is provided between gear (16) and the adjacent sliding block (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711060480.0A CN107858879B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Translation type small-line-spacing single-crossover single-track turnout |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711060480.0A CN107858879B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Translation type small-line-spacing single-crossover single-track turnout |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107858879A true CN107858879A (en) | 2018-03-30 |
| CN107858879B CN107858879B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
Family
ID=61697216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711060480.0A Active CN107858879B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Translation type small-line-spacing single-crossover single-track turnout |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107858879B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108454651A (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2018-08-28 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Straddle-type monorail replaces beam list crossover turnout equipment |
| CN109808733A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-28 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of coal mine roadway single track vehicles suspention translation turnout method |
| CN111827017A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-27 | 湖州德奥机械设备有限公司 | Movable switching track device for track turnout device of annular shuttle |
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| GB190914789A (en) * | 1908-06-24 | 1909-11-18 | William Philander Finley | Improvements in Railway Switches. |
| GB883095A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1961-11-22 | Alweg Forschung Gmbh | Improvements in and relating to points for single-rail railways |
| US3905302A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1975-09-16 | Krupp Gmbh | Switch, especially for magnetically and pneumatically floating vehicles |
| US3905568A (en) * | 1973-04-28 | 1975-09-16 | Japan National Railway | Movable girder type high speed turnout device |
| DE2426624A1 (en) * | 1974-05-31 | 1975-12-04 | Dieter Hoffmann | CROSSING SWITCH FOR A MON-RAIL TRACK OR CONVEYOR TRACK, IN PARTICULAR FOR UNDERGROUND MINING |
| US6374745B1 (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2002-04-23 | Thyssenkrupp Technologies Ag | Line-changing device for tracks of a magnetic levitation train |
| AU2004200492A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-02 | Conveyor Equipment Specialists Pty Ltd | Switch Assembly for Monorail |
| CN201932197U (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆市轨道交通设计研究院有限责任公司 | Electric-driven device for translational type track switch of straddle-type monorail transportation |
| CN206308561U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-07-07 | 株洲中车特种装备科技有限公司 | A kind of motor-operated switch device for straddle-type monorail train |
| CN206553839U (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆川东船舶重工有限责任公司 | Monorail PC Track Girders rail switch |
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2017
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Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190914789A (en) * | 1908-06-24 | 1909-11-18 | William Philander Finley | Improvements in Railway Switches. |
| GB883095A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1961-11-22 | Alweg Forschung Gmbh | Improvements in and relating to points for single-rail railways |
| US3905302A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1975-09-16 | Krupp Gmbh | Switch, especially for magnetically and pneumatically floating vehicles |
| US3905568A (en) * | 1973-04-28 | 1975-09-16 | Japan National Railway | Movable girder type high speed turnout device |
| DE2426624A1 (en) * | 1974-05-31 | 1975-12-04 | Dieter Hoffmann | CROSSING SWITCH FOR A MON-RAIL TRACK OR CONVEYOR TRACK, IN PARTICULAR FOR UNDERGROUND MINING |
| US6374745B1 (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2002-04-23 | Thyssenkrupp Technologies Ag | Line-changing device for tracks of a magnetic levitation train |
| AU2004200492A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-02 | Conveyor Equipment Specialists Pty Ltd | Switch Assembly for Monorail |
| CN201932197U (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆市轨道交通设计研究院有限责任公司 | Electric-driven device for translational type track switch of straddle-type monorail transportation |
| CN206308561U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-07-07 | 株洲中车特种装备科技有限公司 | A kind of motor-operated switch device for straddle-type monorail train |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108454651A (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2018-08-28 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Straddle-type monorail replaces beam list crossover turnout equipment |
| CN108454651B (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2024-04-26 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Straddle type monorail replacement Liang Shan crossover turnout equipment |
| CN109808733A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-28 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of coal mine roadway single track vehicles suspention translation turnout method |
| CN111827017A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-27 | 湖州德奥机械设备有限公司 | Movable switching track device for track turnout device of annular shuttle |
| CN111827017B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-04-01 | 湖州德奥机械设备有限公司 | Movable switching track device for track turnout device of annular shuttle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107858879B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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