CN107855073B - 生物环保表面活性剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

生物环保表面活性剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107855073B
CN107855073B CN201710742537.9A CN201710742537A CN107855073B CN 107855073 B CN107855073 B CN 107855073B CN 201710742537 A CN201710742537 A CN 201710742537A CN 107855073 B CN107855073 B CN 107855073B
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徐云丽
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物环保表面活性剂及其制备方法,将铜绿假单胞菌以2‑4%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,摇床培养80‑100小时,得到发酵液;将发酵液于110‑130℃保温20‑50分钟,随后冷却至35‑45℃,离心,取上清液即得到所述生物环保表面活性剂。本发明的生物环保表面活性剂,可以应用于石油工业、绿色农业、生态环境、食品行业、化妆品和医疗等方面。

Description

生物环保表面活性剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面活性剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种生物环保表面活性剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
表面活性剂(surfactant),是指加入少量能使其溶液体系的界面状态发生明显变化的物质。具有固定的亲水亲油基团,在溶液的表面能定向排列。表面活性剂的分子结构具有两亲性:一端为亲水基团,另一端为疏水基团;亲水基团常为极性基团,如羧酸、磺酸、硫酸、氨基或胺基及其盐,羟基、酰胺基、醚键等也可作为极性亲水基团;而疏水基团常为非极性烃链,如8个碳原子以上烃链。表面活性剂分为离子型表面活性剂(包括阳离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂)、非离子型表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、复配表面活性剂、其他表面活性剂等。
鼠李糖脂是由假单胞菌或伯克氏菌类产生的一种生物代谢性质的生物表面活性剂。同时也是一种研究时间最长、应用技术最为成熟的一种生物表面活性剂。它在土壤、水体和植物中都自然存在。它属于一种糖脂类的阴离子表面活性剂。
国内外一般采用铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonase)利用不同碳源来产生鼠李糖脂。通常我们表述的“鼠李糖脂”不是一种单一的结构体,而是由很多种同族结构组成的混合物,在已知的报道中已经发现多达28种(另有说法为60种)不同结构的鼠李糖脂结构(Deziel等在P_aeruginosa 57RP的发酵液中检测到)。其具备一般表面活性剂的基本特征,其亲水基团一般由1~2分子的鼠李糖环构成,憎水基团则由1~2分子具有不同碳链长度的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸构成。在生物合成过程中,这些基团之间可能相互链接而生成多种化学结构相近的同系物。
鼠李糖脂是由微生物产生的阴离子生物表面活性剂,它们不仅溶于甲醇、氯仿和乙醚,在碱性水溶液中也表现出良好的溶解特性。它兼具良好的化学和生物特性。具有油、水两亲性,可以降低水表面张力,可以作为润湿剂、乳化剂和发泡剂使用,鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂可以在温度、PH值及盐度处于极端状况下使用,并且无毒,可以生物降解。
现有技术中,鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂,去污力并不理想。
发明内容
为解决上述技术中存在的不足,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种生物环保表面活性剂的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
将铜绿假单胞菌加入发酵培养基中,培养80-100小时,得到发酵液;
将发酵液于110-130℃保温20-50分钟,离心。
优选的,
一种生物环保表面活性剂的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
将铜绿假单胞菌以2-4%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,摇床培养80-100小时,得到发酵液;进一步优选的,摇床培养转速为200-400转/分钟,培养温度为35-40℃;
将发酵液于110-130℃保温20-50分钟,随后冷却至35-45℃,离心,取上清液即得到所述生物环保表面活性剂。
其中,发酵培养基的组成为植物油40-80g/L、硝酸钠6-10g/L、氯化钠0.5-1.5g/L、氯化钾0.5-1.5g/L、氯化钙0.05-0.2g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3-5g/L、硫酸镁0.1-0.5g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.0002-0.002g/L,余量为水,pH值6.2-6.9。
所述植物油为花生油、核桃油、橄榄油、杏仁油、芝麻油、大豆油、菜油、葵花籽油、玉米胚芽油和红花籽油中的一种或其混合物。优选的,所述植物油为橄榄油和红花籽油按质量比为1:(1-3)混合而成。
所述离心速度为8000-20000转/分钟。
所述铜绿假单胞菌为铜绿假单胞菌BNCC 185967和/或铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB2013184。优选的,所述所述铜绿假单胞菌为铜绿假单胞菌BNCC 185967和铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184按质量比为(1-3):(1-3)混合而成。
本发明还提供了一种生物环保表面活性剂,采用上述方法制备而成。
本发明的生物环保表面活性剂具有降低油水界面张力的作用,可运用于初次采油和二次采油之后的三采技术;可作为润湿剂应用于叶面肥的生产上;具备将部分微量元素鳌合的功能,在弱碱性环境下电离出的羧基可固定根系周围的微量元素,降低微量元素在土壤中快速散失的可能性,保证了肥料的长效性;有润湿剂的作用及良好的表面活性,可应用到农药上起润湿、铺展及渗透作用;可以通过分散和润湿性能来使物质扩散。以帮助保留水分、润滑、产生泡沫、作为一种清洗剂。
本发明的生物环保表面活性剂,可以应用于石油工业、绿色农业、生态环境、食品行业、化妆品和医疗等方面。
具体实施方式
菌种名称:铜绿假单胞Pseudomonas,aeruginosa,菌种编号:BNCC 185967,北纳生物保藏。
菌种名称:铜绿假单胞Pseudomonas,aeruginosa,菌种编号:CCTCC AB 2013184,中国典型培养物保藏中心保藏。
实施例1
将铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;
其中发酵培养基的组成为橄榄油60g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6。
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L,即得到本发明的所述生物环保表面活性剂。
实施例2
将铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;
其中发酵培养基的组成为红花籽油60g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6。
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L,即得到本发明的所述生物环保表面活性剂。
实施例3
将铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;
其中发酵培养基的组成为橄榄油20g/L、红花籽油40g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4·7H2O0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6。
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L,即得到本发明的所述生物环保表面活性剂。
实施例4
将铜绿假单胞菌BNCC 185967以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;
其中发酵培养基的组成为橄榄油20g/L、红花籽油40g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4·7H2O0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6。
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L,即得到本发明的所述生物环保表面活性剂。
实施例5
将铜绿假单胞菌以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;所述铜绿假单胞菌为铜绿假单胞菌BNCC 185967和铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184按质量比为1:1混合而成。
其中发酵培养基的组成为橄榄油20g/L、红花籽油40g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4·12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4·7H2O0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6。
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L,即得到本发明的所述生物环保表面活性剂。
测试例1:
10克生物环保表面活性剂中滴加纯机油(金装美孚1号,全合成机油0W-40 SN级),振荡,滴加到最后一滴机油不溶解为止,准确记录生物环保表面活性剂溶解纯机油的质量(g),该溶解纯机油的质量(g)的大小可以表征生物环保表面活性剂去污能力的相对大小,具体数据见表1。
表1:生物环保表面活性剂去污能力测试表
去污力,g
实施例1 0.7
实施例2 0.8
实施例3 1.0
实施例4 1.0
实施例5 1.3
去离子水 0
10g扇牌洗衣皂的1wt%水溶液 0.6
以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而非对本发明的限制,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以作出各种变换或变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的范畴,应由各权利要求所限定。

Claims (2)

1.一种生物环保表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
将铜绿假单胞菌以3%(V/V)的接种量加入发酵培养基中,于37℃以280转/分钟的转速摇床培养90小时,得到发酵液;所述铜绿假单胞菌为铜绿假单胞菌BNCC 185967和铜绿假单胞菌CCTCC AB 2013184按质量比为1:1混合而成;
其中发酵培养基的组成为橄榄油20g/L、红花籽油40g/L、硝酸钠8g/L、氯化钠1.0g/L、氯化钾1.0g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L、KH2PO4•12H2O 3.5g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、FeSO4•7H2O 0.001g/L,余量为水,pH6.6;
将发酵液于120℃保温30分钟,随后冷却至40℃,以10000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,去除菌体碎片,取上清液,用等体积乙酸乙酯萃取,再用旋转蒸发器减压蒸馏,控制鼠李糖脂含量为10g/L。
2.一种生物环保表面活性剂,采用权利要求1所述方法制备而成。
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