CN107847505A - 多层脂质囊泡组合物及使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供具有更高的载荷容量,同时螯合高水平的疏水性和亲水性两种试剂的能力,和更长的释放概况的新颖和创新的药物递送系统。这些递送系统的一些方面包括含有稳定的多层脂质囊泡的组合物,所述囊泡具有共价缀合到试剂(如,抗原)的交联的脂质双层(本文称为双层之间‑交联的多层囊泡或ICMV)。
Description
发明背景
脂质体已被广泛用作小分子的递送介质;然而,它仍然难以实现许多大分子药物在脂质体内的高水平的封装,并且许多药物制剂从脂质体过快的泄漏,以致不能保持有用的药物递送动力学。虽然通过微米-和纳米粒子的药物递送可封装蛋白和小分子药物,这通常仍然产生非常低的总质量封装的药物/单位质量粒子,通常在约10μg药物/mg粒子的数量级。此外,用于聚合物粒子合成的有机溶剂和在这些粒子内的疏水性/酸性环境可导致治疗剂的破坏(见Zhu et al.Nat.Biotechnol.2000 18:52-57)。
可从通过微米-和纳米粒子有效递送药物获益的一个领域是人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)-相关癌。HPV-相关癌是世界上最快成长的癌症之一。大体说来,世界范围所有癌症的5%可归因于HPV感染。HPV-相关癌是女性中癌-相关死亡的第二大原因,并且是数量不断增加的宫颈癌、口咽癌,和肛门癌的主要原因。特别是,估计HPV株16和18造成70%的子宫颈癌病例,导致每年全世界约500,000个新病例和270,000人死亡。有大约十二个其它高危HPV株,其一起占宫颈癌的其它30%。HPV通过皮肤-至-皮肤的性接触传播。疾病控制中心(Centersfor Disease Control)估计至少一半的所有性活跃个体在其生命中的某些时间点会获得HPV,而至少80%的女性到50岁时会获得HPV感染。
由于缺少症状,HPV感染的早期发现是极其罕见的。FDA-批准的HPV疫苗被推荐用于所有的男性和女性,尤其是对于11-12岁的女孩,而对于至多26岁的女性追加疫苗接种。然而,美国2010年的调查发现,完全HPV免疫率是极其低的,13-17岁年龄中只有11%已经接受完全3个系列的HPV疫苗注射,而仅有25%已经接受至少一个剂量。
而且,可获得的预防性疫苗通常预防但不能治愈已存在的癌症,并且到目前为止的亚单位疫苗不能产生必要的细胞免疫力。现有的基于重组蛋白的癌症疫苗避免了与活疫苗(如,病毒)载体有关的毒性和抗-载体免疫力,但它们的免疫原性差,特别是对于CD8+ T细胞(CD8T)反应。已开发携带抗原和佐剂分子的合成粒子以增强亚单位疫苗,但一般来说这些材料不能在临床前动物模型中引起与活载体可比较的CD8T反应。
缺乏症状和低的完全HPV免疫率均造成极其广泛的HPV感染,其最终引起HPV-相关癌症。HPV感染的早期临床表现包括肛门-生殖器疣、复发性呼吸道乳头瘤样增生,和子宫颈癌先兆(子宫颈上皮内瘤变),其中一些可通过例如,手术治疗。然而,到了HPV感染已显示出这些症状的一个或多个时,发生HPV-相关癌,例如子宫颈、肛门、阴道、外阴、阴茎,或口咽的癌症的风险会变得极其高。目前,对HPV-诱发的癌症的唯一治疗的是化-放疗(chemoradiation)。
存在对针对HPV-诱发的癌症,例如宫颈癌的新颖和有效的免疫疗法的需求。
发明简述
本发明提供具有更高的载荷容量,同时螯合高水平的疏水性和亲水性两种试剂的能力,和更长的释放概况的新颖和创新的药物递送系统。这些递送系统的一些方面包括含有稳定的多层脂质囊泡的组合物,所述囊泡具有共价缀合到试剂例如抗原(如,突变体人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)肽)的交联的脂质双层(本文称为双层之间-交联的多层囊泡或ICMV)。共价缀合于本发明的ICMV的试剂不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,如8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的、携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。
本发明的囊泡意外地提高封装效率,并且它们能够通过缓慢而持续的动力学释放封装的(或以其它方式捕获的)药物,即使在血清的存在下,使得它们作为在体内的持续递送介质是高度需要的。此外,如在本文更详细描述的,本发明的囊泡可在水性环境中合成,从而避免在各种现有技术方法(包括使用有机溶剂和/或酸性环境)很常见的苛刻条件。因此,这些合成方法更适合各种各样的试剂,包括那些使用这样的现有技术方法通常将在结构上和/或功能上造成损伤的试剂。生成的囊泡因而不含有机溶剂,并且可以仅包含脂质(包括可生物降解的脂质)和任何封装在其中或由此通过的试剂。
本发明部分基于本发明囊泡的这些和其它令人惊讶和意外的特征,如在本文更详细描述的。因此,本发明提供这些稳定的囊泡,包含这些囊泡的组合物,制备这些囊泡的方法,及其使用方法。
在第一个方面,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含:(a)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和(b)一种或多种突变体人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)肽;其中一种或多种突变体HPV肽的至少一种缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽具有相对野生型HPV肽序列的至少一个氨基酸取代。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽具有相对野生型HPV肽序列的2-6个氨基酸取代。
在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV基因型16(HPV-16)或18(HPV-18)。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV E6蛋白或HPV E7蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽包括第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽的融合蛋白。在一些实施方案中,第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽具有相同的基因型。在一些实施方案中,第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽具有不同的基因型。
在一些实施方案中,第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽都是HPV-16肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6肽或HPV-16 E7肽。在一些实施方案中,第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽都是HPV-18肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6肽或HPV-18 E7肽。
在一些实施方案中,第一种HPV肽是HPV-16肽和第二种HPV肽是HPV-18肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6或HPV-16E7肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV-18肽是HPV-18E6或HPV-18 E7肽。
在一些实施方案中,HPV-16 E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,HPV-18 E6肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,HPV-16 E7肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白。在一些实施方案中,HPV-18E7肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
HPV E6肽和HPV E7肽。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白或HPV-18 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E7肽衍生自HPV-16E7蛋白或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
在第二个方面,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包括一种或多种第一突变体HPV肽,和一种或多种第二突变体HPV肽,其中第一突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第一个脂质,其中第二突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第二个脂质,且其中第一和第二突变体HPV肽是不同的。在一些实施方案中,除了第一和第二突变体HPV肽外,具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡包含第三、第四、第五、第六、第七、第八、第九、第十、第十一,第十二,和/或第十三个突变体HPV肽。在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一个以上的突变体HPV肽,如,至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的突变体HPV肽。优选地,多层脂质囊泡包含不超过13个不同的突变体HPV肽(如,不超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的突变体HPV肽)。
在一些实施方案中,第一个和/或第二突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,HPV-16 E6蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列。
在一些实施方案中,HPV-16 E7蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列。
在一些实施方案中,HPV-18 E6蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:3的序列。
在一些实施方案中,HPV-18 E7蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:4的序列。
在一些实施方案中,一种或多种突变体HPV肽包括一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽包括硫醇官能化、马来酰亚胺官能化、肼官能化、叠氮化物官能化、炔烃官能化、胺官能化、羧酸官能化、烯烃官能化,和/或四嗪官能化突变体HPV肽。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽是马来酰亚胺官能化和/或肼官能化的。
在一些实施方案中,缀合的突变体HPV肽被封装在囊泡内。在一些实施方案中,缀合的突变体HPV肽被封装在囊泡的脂质双层之间。在一些实施方案中,缀合的突变体HPV肽存在于囊泡的外表面上。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含一种或多种突变体HPV肽的至少一个不缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质的分子。
在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物还包含免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物还包含佐剂。
在第三方面,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含:(a)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和(b)一种或多种试剂;其中一种或多种试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原;和其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。在一些实施方案中,所述试剂包含内部半胱氨酸。
在第四方面,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含:(a)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和(b)一种或多种试剂;其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质,和其中缀合不包括半胱氨酸。
在第五方面,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含:(a)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和(b)一种或多种试剂;其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于亲脂性部分。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的第三、第四,和第五方面的组合物还包含佐剂。在一些实施方案中,本发明的第三、第四,和第五方面的组合物还包含免疫调节剂。
在一些实施方案中,试剂是佐剂。
在一些实施方案中,一种或多种试剂包含一种或多种抗原。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种试剂包含两种或更多种抗原。在一些实施方案中,所述抗原是全长蛋白抗原。在一些实施方案中,所述抗原是肽抗原。在一些实施方案中,所述抗原是癌抗原。
在一些实施方案中,癌抗原是gp100(醣蛋白100)。在一些实施方案中,癌抗原是NY-ESO-1(食道癌-1)。在一些实施方案中,癌抗原是粘蛋白(MUC)家族的成员。在一些实施方案中,癌抗原是MUC1。在一些实施方案中,癌抗原选自MAGE-A1(黑素瘤抗原家族A1)、MAGE-A2、MAGE-A3、MAGE-A4、MAGE-A5、MAGE-A6、MAGE-A7、MAGE-A8、MAGE-A9、MAGE-A10、MAGE-A11、MAGE-A12、MAGE-Xp2(MAGE-B2)、MAGE-Xp3(MAGE-B3)、MAGE-Xp4(MAGE-B4)、MAGE-C1、MAGE-C2、MAGE-C3、MAGE-C4,和MAGE-05。
在某些实施方案中,癌抗原可以是威尔姆氏瘤(Wilms′tumor)抗原1(WT1)、MUC1、LMP2(来自厄泼斯坦-巴尔病毒的潜伏膜蛋白2)、EGFRvIII、Her2/neu、独特型抗原(见例如,Weng et al.,J.Clin Oncol.22:4717-24,2004)、MAGE-A3、非-突变体p53、NY-ESO-1、PSMA(前列腺特异性膜抗原)、GD2、CEA(癌胚抗原)、MelanA/MART1、Ras突变体、gp100、突变体p53、蛋白酶3(PR1)、BCR-Abl断裂点(见例如,Maslak et al.,Leukemia 22:1613-6、2008)、酪氨酸酶、存活蛋白、PSA(前列腺-特异性抗原)、hTERT(人端粒酶)、肉瘤易位断裂点(见例如,Mackall et al.、Clin Cancer Res.14:4850-8,2008)、EphA2、PAP(前列腺酸性磷酸酶)、ML-IAP(ML-细胞凋亡抑制剂)、AFP(甲胎蛋白)、EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子)、ERG(TMPRSS2ETS融合基因)、NA17、PAX3(配对框3)、雄激素受体、细胞周期蛋白B1、多聚唾液酸、MYCN(N-myc)、RhoC、TRP-2(酪氨酸酶-相关蛋白2)、GD3、岩藻糖基GM1(Fucosyl GM1)、间皮素、PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原)、MAGE-A1、CYP1B1(细胞色素P450 1B1)、PLAC1(胎盘-特异性1)、GM3、BORIS(印记位点调节因子样蛋白(brother of the regulator of imprintedsites))、Tn(通过糖苷键连接于丝氨酸或苏氨酸的N-乙酰半乳糖胺)、GloboH、ETV6-AML、NY-BR-1、RGS5(G蛋白信号转导调节因子5)、SART3(T细胞3识别的鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原)、STn(唾液酸化(sialyl)Tn抗原)、碳酸酐酶IX、PAX5(配对框5)、OY-TES1、精子蛋白17、LCK(p56形式)、HMWMAA(高分子量黑素瘤相关抗原)、AKAP-4(A-激酶锚定蛋白4)、SSX2(滑膜肉瘤断裂点基因2)、XAGE1(x抗原1)、B7H3、Legumain(Legumain)、Tie 2、Page4、VEGFR2(血管内皮生长因子受体2)、MAD-CT-1(黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-1)、FAP(成纤维细胞活化蛋白)、PDGFR-b(血小板-衍生生长因子受体-b)、MAD-CT-2(黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-2),或Fos-相关抗原1。
在本发明的第三、第四,和第五方面的一些实施方案中,所述试剂是HPV肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16 E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽包含HPV E6肽和HPV E7肽的融合蛋白。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白或HPV-18 E6蛋白。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E7肽衍生自HPV-16E7蛋白或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
在本发明的第三、第四,和第五方面的一些实施方案中,一种或多种试剂包含一种或多种官能化剂。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种官能化剂包括硫醇官能化、马来酰亚胺官能化、肼官能化、叠氮化物官能化、炔烃官能化、胺官能化、羧酸官能化、烯烃官能化,和/或四嗪官能化剂。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种官能化剂是马来酰亚胺官能化和/或肼官能化的。
在本发明的第三、第四,和第五方面的一些实施方案中,缀合的试剂被封装在囊泡内。在一些实施方案中,缀合的试剂被封装在囊泡的脂质双层之间。在一些实施方案中,缀合的试剂存在于囊泡的外表面上。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物包含一种或多种试剂的至少一个不缀合于脂质的分子。
在本文描述的本发明的所有方面的一些实施方案中,多层脂质囊泡中的至少两个脂质双层通过头基彼此共价交联,所述头基与共价交联剂反应,在脂质双层之间形成共价交联。在一些实施方案中,脂质双层包括阴离子和/或中性脂质。在一些实施方案中,脂质双层包括阳离子脂质。在一些实施方案中,所述囊泡包含官能化脂质。在一些实施方案中,官能化脂质是马来酰亚胺官能化脂质。在一些实施方案中,马来酰亚胺官能化脂质是马来酰亚胺官能化磷酸乙醇胺。在一些实施方案中,所述囊泡包含磷酸胆碱。在一些实施方案中,所述囊泡包含磷酸甘油。在一些实施方案中,所述囊泡包含二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG),和马来酰亚胺官能化脂质。在一些实施方案中,所述囊泡缀合于聚乙二醇。
在本文描述的本发明的所有方面的一些实施方案中,组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。在一些实施方案中,组合物还包含适用于冻干的赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,适用于冻干的赋形剂包含蔗糖。
在第六方面,本发明的特征是一种方法,其包括给予有此需要的受试者治疗有效量的本文描述的组合物。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂不给予受试者。
在本发明的第七方面,本发明的特征是一种方法,其包括给予有此需要的受试者,1)治疗有效量的本文描述的组合物,和2)一种或多种免疫调节剂,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在本发明的第八方面,本发明的特征是一种方法,其包括给予有此需要的受试者,1)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包括一种或多种突变体HPV肽,和2)一种或多种免疫调节剂,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在本发明的第六和第八方面的一些实施方案中,1)和2)基本上同时给予。在一些实施方案中,1)和2)分开给予。在一些实施方案中,1)首先给予,接着给予2)。在一些实施方案中,2)首先给予,接着给予1)。
在本发明的第六和第八方面的一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂选自PD-1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1)抑制剂、抗-CTLA-4(细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞-相关蛋白4)抗体、抗-CD40(分化抗原簇(Cluster of differentiation)40)抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM)、AMD3100、抗-LAG-3/CD223(淋巴细胞活化基因3/分化抗原簇223)抗体、抗-B7-H5抗体、抗-OX40抗体、抗-CD28抗体、抗-GITR(糖皮质激素-诱导的TNFR相关蛋白受体)抗体、抗-4-1BB/CD137抗体、4-1BB配体、抗-BTLA(B-和T-淋巴细胞弱化子)抗体、抗-TIM-3/HAVCR2(T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘液素蛋白3/甲型肝炎病毒细胞受体2)抗体、抗-KIR(杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白-样受体)抗体、抗-Flt3/CD135(Fms-相关酪氨酸激酶3/分化抗原簇135)抗体、抗-FasL抗体、抗-CD25抗体、GM-CSF(粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落-刺激因子)、抗-GM-CSF-受体(R)抗体、IL-2(白介素-2)、抗-IL-2-R抗体、IL-7、抗-IL-7-R抗体、IL-21、抗-IL-21-R抗体、IL-12、抗-IL-12-R抗体、IL-15、抗-IL-15-R抗体、IL-18、抗-IL-18-R抗体、抗-IDO抗体、伊匹木单抗、克唑替尼(crizotinib)、色瑞替尼、塞来考昔、SOCS-1(胞因子信号转导抑制因子-1)抑制剂、热休克蛋白(HSP)、HSP抑制剂,和抗-半乳凝素-1抗体。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂选自PD-1抑制剂、抗-GITR抗体、抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD40抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM),和AMD3100。在一些实施方案中,PD-1抑制剂是抗-PD-1抗体或抗-PD-L1抗体。
在本文描述的方法的一些实施方案中,受试者患有癌症。
在一些实施方案中,癌症呈HPV-阳性。在一些实施方案中,癌症选自宫颈癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、头颈癌、口咽癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌、病毒诱发的癌症、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、白血病、肉瘤、癌、基底细胞癌、非-小细胞肺癌、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、红细胞白血病、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、CNS癌、喉癌、小细胞肺癌、非-小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、腺癌、巨细胞(或燕麦细胞)癌、鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、直肠癌、呼吸系统癌,和泌尿系统癌。
在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是宫颈癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是肛门癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是外阴癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是头颈癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是口咽癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是阴茎癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是阴道癌。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症是实体瘤癌。
在本文描述的方法的一些实施方案中,受试者患有感染。在一些实施方案中,所述感染是HPV感染。
在本文描述的方法的一些实施方案中,受试者是哺乳动物。在一些实施方案中,所述哺乳动物是人。
在第九方面,本发明的特征是一种方法,其包括(a)使官能化脂质与官能化剂接触,以形成包含缀合于试剂的脂质的脂质体;(b)使包含缀合于试剂的脂质的脂质体与二价阳离子接触,以形成融合的脂质体;和(c)使融合的脂质体与交联剂接触,以形成具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包含缀合于试剂的脂质,其中官能化剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。
在第十方面,本发明的特征是药剂盒。在一些实施方案中,所述药剂盒包含:(i)具有脂质双层之间的交联的包含一种或多种试剂的多层脂质囊泡,(ii)一种或多种免疫调节剂,和(iii)给予(i)和(ii)至患病的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,所述药剂盒包含:(i)具有脂质双层之间的交联的包含一种或多种试剂的多层脂质囊泡,和(ii)给予(i)与一种或多种免疫调节剂至患病的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,所述药剂盒包含:(i)一种或多种免疫调节剂,和(ii)用于给予(i)与具有脂质双层之间的交联的包含一种或多种试剂的多层脂质囊泡至患病的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在本文描述的药剂盒的一些实施方案中,所述试剂是突变体HPV肽。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16 E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。在一些实施方案中,突变体HPV肽包含HPV E6肽和HPV E7肽的融合蛋白。
在本文描述的药剂盒的一些实施方案中,所述疾病是癌症。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症呈HPV-阳性。在一些实施方案中,所述癌症选自宫颈癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、头颈癌、口咽癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌、病毒诱发的癌症、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、白血病、肉瘤、癌、基底细胞癌、非-小细胞肺癌、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、红细胞白血病、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、CNS癌、喉癌、小细胞肺癌、非-小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、腺癌、巨细胞(或燕麦细胞)癌、鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、直肠癌、呼吸系统癌,和泌尿系统癌。
在本文描述的药剂盒的一些实施方案中,所述疾病是感染。在一些实施方案中,所述感染是HPV感染。
在本文描述的药剂盒的一些实施方案中,受试者是哺乳动物。在一些实施方案中,所述哺乳动物是人。
附图描述
图1显示IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比,作为由E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV或HPV-16 E6+E7可溶性蛋白诱导的免疫原性的量度。
图2显示HPV-16 E6+E7可溶性蛋白和E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV在小鼠实体瘤模型中对肿瘤大小和存活率的影响。
图3A显示IFNγ分泌细胞在E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比,作为由ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)、免疫调节剂单一疗法(抗-CTLA-4抗体(aCTLA-4)、抗-PD-1抗体(aPD-1),或抗-PD-L1抗体(aPD-L1)),或ICMV+免疫调节剂组合疗法诱导的免疫原性的量度。
图3B显示IFNγ分泌细胞在E6-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比,作为由ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)、免疫调节剂单一疗法(抗-CTLA-4抗体(aCTLA-4)、抗-PD-1抗体(aPD-1),或抗-PD-L1抗体(aPD-L1)),或ICMV+免疫调节剂组合疗法诱导的免疫原性的量度。
图3C显示免疫调节剂单一疗法和ICMV单一疗法对小鼠实体瘤模型中的肿瘤大小的影响。
图4显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV不与免疫调节剂和与免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体一起对小鼠实体瘤模型中大肿瘤的肿瘤大小的影响。
图5显示ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)、免疫调节剂环磷酰胺(CPM)单一疗法,和ICMV+CPM组合疗法在小鼠实体瘤模型中对肿瘤大小和存活率的影响。
图6显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+环磷酰胺(CPM)组合疗法对小鼠实体瘤模型中的肿瘤大小和肿瘤再生长的影响。
图7显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+环磷酰胺(CPM)组合疗法对小鼠实体瘤模型中不同尺寸肿瘤的肿瘤消退和存活率的影响。
图8A显示ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)、免疫调节剂环磷酰胺(CPM)单一疗法,和ICMV+CPM组合疗法对小鼠模型中舌肿瘤重量变化的影响。
图8B显示ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)、免疫调节剂环磷酰胺(CPM)单一疗法,和ICMV+CPM组合疗法对小鼠模型中舌肿瘤的存活率的影响。
图8C显示小鼠模型中用ICMV+CPM组合疗法治疗的舌肿瘤的图像。
图9显示ICMV单一疗法(E7-ICMV+E6-ICMV)和ICMV+吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)抑制剂组合疗法对小鼠模型中舌肿瘤的肿瘤大小的影响。
图10显示E7-ICMV不与佐剂和与作为佐剂的单磷酰脂质A(MPLA)一起对小鼠实体瘤模型中肿瘤大小的影响。
图11显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV对小鼠实体瘤模型中肿瘤大小的影响。
图12显示包含四聚体阳性(H2-Db E749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11))的四聚体)细胞在CD8-阳性T细胞中的百分比,作为由E7-ICMV与佐剂诱导的免疫原性的量度。
图13显示由E6+E7ICMV促进的肿瘤消退与由E7小肽疫苗接种促进的肿瘤消退的比较。
图14显示由E6+E7ICMV促进的肿瘤消退与由E7李斯特菌(Listeria)疫苗接种促进的肿瘤消退的比较。
图15显示ICMV单一疗法(E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV)不与免疫调节剂和与作为免疫调节剂的抗-CD40抗体一起对小鼠实体瘤模型中肿瘤大小的影响。
图16显示ICMV单一疗法(E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV)、免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体单一疗法、ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体组合疗法,和ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+环磷酰胺(CPM)组合疗法对小鼠实体瘤模型中肿瘤大小的影响。
图17显示IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比,作为由ICMV单一疗法(E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV)、免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体单一疗法、ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体组合疗法,或ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+AMD3100组合疗法诱导的免疫原性的量度。
发明详述
本发明提供尤其是用于递送试剂的稳定的多层脂质囊泡。基于重组蛋白的现有疫苗避免了与活疫苗(如,病毒)载体有关的毒性和抗-载体免疫力,但它们的免疫原性差,特别是对于CD8+ T细胞(CD8T)反应。已开发携带抗原和佐剂分子的合成粒子以增强亚单位疫苗,但一般来说这些材料不能在临床前动物模型中引起与活载体可比较的CD8T细胞反应。对比这些现有组合物和方法,本发明提供稳定的多层囊泡,例如通过使多层囊泡内的邻近脂质双层的头基交联形成的双层之间-交联的多层囊泡(ICMVs),其中试剂已被共价缀合。这些囊泡包括蛋白抗原(如,缀合蛋白抗原)和任选的免疫调节分子(如,免疫调节分子),但在内溶酶体的脂酶的存在下显示快速的释放。蛋白抗原和任选的免疫调节分子(如,免疫调节分子)可存在于囊泡核心内、囊泡壁内,或在囊泡外表面上。当用来单独或在佐剂的存在下递送抗原时,本发明的囊泡形成极其有效的疫苗(如,全-蛋白疫苗),引发可比得上最强的疫苗载体的内源性T细胞。在一些实施方案中,共价缀合于本发明的ICMV的试剂不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,例如在8页,[0091],8-30行中限定的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。
囊泡通过其脂质双层的内部连接(如,交联)稳定。这些囊泡和试剂的共价缀合的稳定性质允许它们缀合更高量的试剂并保留这样的试剂更长的时间段,如与简单的脂质体或脂质涂层的纳米-或微米粒子比较的。它们的持续释放动力学,特别是在血清的存在下,使得它们可用于在体内递送试剂,而对于体内递送试剂,缓慢、稳定和长期的释放是可取的,或者对于体内递送试剂,在细胞外环境缓慢释放但在细胞内快速释放是可取的。本发明构思了使用这样的具有许多和各种试剂包括预防剂、治疗剂,和/或诊断剂的囊泡,如在本文非常详细描述的。本发明因而提供包含前述囊泡的组合物,它们的合成方法,以及它们的使用方法。
稳定的多层脂质囊泡(MLV)
本发明提供通过连接彼此邻近的(或相对的)脂质双层来稳定并包含共价缀合于囊泡(如,在囊泡核心内,在囊泡壁内,或在囊泡外表面上)的试剂的MLV。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供还包含连接单个双层的两个单层的囊泡。如本文所用的,多层囊泡是具有外壳的纳米-或微米球,所述壳由两个或两个以上的同心地布置的脂质双层组成。如本文所用的,邻近的或相对的脂质双层(或脂质双层表面)指彼此密切接近,但截然不同且通常物理上分开的双层或表面。该术语通常不是指单个双层的两个单层之间的关系。
如本文所用的,″连接″意指两个实体通过任何物理化学方式彼此稳定地缀合。可采用本领域普通技术人员已知的任何键合,包括共价或非共价键合,虽然共价键合是优选的。在本文描述的一些重要的实施方案中,MLV中的脂质双层(如,邻近的或相对的脂质双层)的共价键合通过使用交联剂和脂质双层的官能化成分实现。然而,本发明构思了连接(包括共价连接)可以其它方式进行。作为一个例子,本发明构思了方法,其中互补反应性基团存在于邻近的双层表面的成分上,而双层表面之间的键合即使在交联剂的不存在下,也可通过使那些基团彼此反应来进行。合适的互补反应性基团是本领域已知的并在此描述。
囊泡的内部通常是水性环境,且它可包含试剂例如但不限于预防剂、治疗剂或诊断剂。在一些情况下,囊泡不包含实心核心,例如实心聚合物核心(如,合成聚合物核心)。相反,如上文讨论的,它们可具有液体核心包括感兴趣的试剂。在一些情况下,核心可包含用于聚合成水凝胶核心的单体。囊泡在本文也可称为粒子,包括纳米-或微米粒子,虽然要理解这样的纳米-或微米-粒子具有本发明的稳定的MLVs和双层之间交联的多层脂质囊泡(ICMVs)的属性。
囊泡可在它们的核心具有空隙体积和/或它们可在它们的核心和/或在邻近的(或相对的)脂质双层之间包含一种或多种试剂。缀合的试剂可通过反应性基团(如,硫醇)共价连接于官能化脂质(如,马来酰亚胺官能化脂质)。非-缀合的试剂可在合成过程期间被包含在脂质溶液中并在合成期间以这种方式被缀合(如,通过封装)到囊泡中。亲脂性分子也可随着囊泡形成,直接缀合到脂质双层中,或者具有亲脂性末尾的分子可在囊泡形成期间锚定于脂质双层。囊泡可在苛性溶剂(例如有机溶剂)的缺乏下产生,并且作为结果,它们可以能够封装各种各样的试剂,包括易受有机溶剂影响的那些。
试剂在囊泡中的量可以变化并可取决于试剂的性质。如在实施例中显示的,10-500μg的蛋白试剂/每mg脂质可缀合到本发明的囊泡中。在一些实施方案中,囊泡可包含每mg脂质约10μg的试剂,约20μg的试剂,约50μg的试剂,或约100μg的试剂,或约150μg的试剂,或约200μg的试剂,或约250μg的试剂,或约300μg的试剂,或约325μg的试剂,或约350μg的试剂,或约375μg的试剂,或约400μg的试剂,或约500μg的试剂。在其它实施方案中,囊泡可包含10-20μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质,或15-60μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质,或50-200μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质,或100-300μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质,或200-400μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质,或300-500μg的蛋白试剂每mg脂质。在一些实施方案中,试剂可以是蛋白例如蛋白抗原。
本发明的囊泡也可以它们的保持力性质为特征。在一些实施方案中,当置于包含血清的介质(如,10%血清)并于37℃维持时,囊泡以每周约25%的速率释放试剂。在一些实施方案中,囊泡在第一周释放约25%的试剂并在这些条件下,在约30天后释放至多约90%。在一些实施方案中,当在缓冲液(例如PBS+40%山梨醇)中于4℃贮存至少30天(如,至少60天、至少90天、至少120天、至少150天、至少180天、至少210天)时,囊泡维持它们的试剂的至少80%、至少85%、至少90%,或至少95%。
在每个囊泡中的脂质双层的数目可以变化,通常范围为至少2-约50,或至少2-约25,或至少2-约15,或至少2-约10,或至少2-约5。
囊泡的直径可以变化。在一些情况下,囊泡将具有范围从约100至约500nm的直径,包括从约125至约300nm,包括从约150至约300nm,包括从约175至约275nm的直径。在一些情况下,直径范围从约150至约250nm。要理解,在囊泡的任何制备中,在囊泡之间会存在异质性(如,与囊泡直径相关,脂质双层的数目、装载试剂的量)。
如本文所用的,本发明的囊泡也可称为脂质体(如,稳定的多层脂质体或,如下文讨论的,双层之间交联的多层脂质体)。因此,使用术语″囊泡″并不打算传达囊泡的来源或起源。本发明的囊泡是合成的囊泡(即,它们在体外生成),如将在下文更详细地讨论的。
囊泡可被分离,意指它们全部或部分地与它们在其中合成的环境物理地分离。作为一个例子,包含试剂的囊泡(即,它们的″货物″或″有效载荷″)可与缺乏试剂的囊泡(即,空囊泡)全部或部分地分离,并且此后可称为″分离的囊泡″。分离可基于重量(或质量)、密度(包括浮力密度)、大小、颜色,或本领域已知的其它方法(如,其中囊泡的货物可通过其能量发射检测时)发生。离心过滤可被用来分离本发明的囊泡与简单的脂质体或同样的脂质组成的不具有交联双层的MLVs。例如,以约21,000g离心过滤约5分钟足以分离本发明的囊泡,其从这些其它粒子类型中沉淀。
双层之间交联的多层脂质囊泡
本发明的稳定的MLV的一个例子是双层之间交联的多层(脂质)囊泡(ICMV)。如同上文描述的稳定的MLV,ICMV是具有壳的纳米-或微米球,所述壳由两个或两个以上的同心地布置的脂质双层组成,所述脂质双层如本文描述的彼此缀合。脂质双层在稳定的多层囊泡中的数目,包括ICMV,可以从约2至30(如,2-15、5-20、10-30)变化。因此,在各个实施方案中,层的数目可以是2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或更多。双层通常由具有亲水性头和疏水性尾的脂质组成,其以类似于细胞膜的方式排列(即,具有通常暴露于水性环境的亲水性头和埋在双层中的疏水性末尾)。
ICMV通过它们的脂质双层之间的交联来稳定,因而它们被称为″双层之间交联″的MLV。如本文所用的,这意味着囊泡壳中的至少两个脂质双层彼此交联。交联双层通常是彼此相对或邻近的那些。壳中的大多数或所有的脂质双层可与它们的壳中的相对脂质双层交联。在脂质双层之间可有一种或多种交联。通常,在脂质双层之间会有许多交联。这样的交联的排列和定位可以是随机的或非-随机的。交联度(及如此生成的囊泡稳定性)将取决于用来制备囊泡的官能化脂质(或其它脂质双层成分)的比例和交联条件(包括,例如,囊泡与交联剂一起温育的时间)。要理解囊泡中的官能化脂质(或其它脂质双层成分)的比例越高,将要形成的交联就越多,所有其它因素和参数都是相等的。类似地,倾向于交联的条件越有利,则要达到的交联度就越高。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联和包含一种或多种试剂的多层脂质囊泡,其中一种或多种试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原和其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。术语“携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原”指如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,例如在8页,[0091],8-30行中所定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,该专利声称,例如末端-半胱氨酸抗原是“包含在氨基末端(即,在氨基酸1-10位)的10个氨基酸残基内和/或在羧基末端(即,在氨基酸(n-10)至n,其中n表示抗原中的氨基酸残基数目)的10个氨基酸残基内的一或多个半胱氨酸残基的抗原。因此,半胱氨酸可占据1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、n-10、n-9、n-8、n-7、n-6、n-5、n-4、n-3、n-2、n-1和/或n位,其中1表示在氨基末端的残基和n表示在羧基末端的残基”。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一种或多种试剂,其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质和其中缀合不包括半胱氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一种或多种试剂,其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子用亲脂性部分官能化。用亲脂性部分官能化的试剂在本文进一步描述。在一些实施方案中,亲脂性部分包含酰基。一旦试剂被亲脂性部分官能化,则试剂本身可使用亲脂性部分被插入ICMV的脂质双层中。亲脂性部分用作疏水性锚钩。在一些实施方案中,用亲脂性部分官能化的试剂被插入或包埋入ICMV的脂质双层中。在一些实施方案中,用亲脂性部分官能化的试剂被插入或包埋入ICMV的脂质双层中,并且不缀合于ICMV的脂质双层。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一种或多种试剂,其中一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质和其中缀合不包括在试剂(如,抗原)的氨基和/或羧基末端的10个之内(包括9、8、7、6、5、4、3,或2个之内)的氨基酸残基的半胱氨酸或在试剂(如,抗原)的氨基和/或羧基末端的半胱氨酸。
可缀合于多层脂质囊泡的试剂的例子在本文进一步详细地描述。在一些实施方案中,在具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡中的缀合试剂是佐剂。在一些实施方案中,在具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡中的缀合试剂是HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一个以上的抗原,例如至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原,其中抗原不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原和其中抗原的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。术语“携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原”指如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,例如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。优选地,多层脂质囊泡包含不超过13个不同的抗原(如,不超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一个以上的抗原,例如至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原,其中抗原的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质和其中缀合不包括半胱氨酸。优选地,多层脂质囊泡包含不超过13个不同的抗原(如,不超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原)。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一个以上的抗原,例如至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原,其中抗原的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质和其中缀合不包括在试剂的氨基和/或羧基末端的10个之内(包括在9、8、7、6、5、4、3,或2个之内)的氨基酸残基的半胱氨酸或在试剂的氨基和/或羧基末端的半胱氨酸。优选地,多层脂质囊泡包含不超过13个不同的抗原(如,不超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的抗原)。
可缀合于多层脂质囊泡的不同抗原的例子在本文进一步详细地描述。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一或多个突变体人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)肽,其中一或多个突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一或多个第一突变体HPV肽,和一或多个第二突变体HPV肽,其中第一突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第一个脂质,其中第二突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第二个脂质,和其中第一和第二突变体HPV肽是不同的。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征是组合物,其包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一个以上的HPV肽,如,至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的HPV肽(如,野生型和突变体HPV肽)。优选地,多层脂质囊泡包含不超过13个不同的HPV肽(如,不超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,或13个不同的HPV肽)。
可缀合于多层脂质囊泡的HPV肽的例子在本文进一步详细地描述。
在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物还包含一种或多种免疫调节剂和/或一种或多种佐剂,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
合成方法
示例性合成方法列出如下:合并脂质和任选的其它双层成分以形成均匀的混合物。这可通过干燥步骤发生,其中脂质被干燥,以形成脂质薄膜。然后将脂质与水性溶剂合并(如,再水合)。水性溶剂可具有在约6-约8范围内的pH,包括约7的pH。使用与囊泡融合相容的缓冲液,通常用低浓度的盐(如,10mM双三(羟甲基)氨基丙烷(bis-tris propane)(BTP)pH 7.0缓冲液)。缓冲液的性质可影响温育时间的长度。例如,缓冲液例如HEPES可能需要与缓冲液例如BTP比较的更长的温育时间。如果缓冲液是HEPES,则温育时间可以是约6-24小时,或8-16小时,或10-12小时。如果缓冲液是BTP,则温育时间可以是较短的,包括1-4小时,或1-2小时。因此,可使用多种水性缓冲液,只要也采用足够的温育时间即可。这个步骤也可包括存在要缀合到囊泡中的试剂。然后可使生成的脂质体,例如,在10000-40000psi(如,25000-35000)压力下,在具有1-4个流化床通道(如,1-2个通道)的微流体仪LV-1(Microfluidics LV-1)上流态化,以从流化床收集1-13mL(如,3-4mL)。当采用流化时,未官能化的试剂不能封装在生成的囊泡中。或者,脂质体可与一种或多种二价阳离子一起温育,以使它们融合进入多层囊泡。合适的二价阳离子包括Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+,或Sr2+。多价或聚合的阳离子也可被用于囊泡融合。囊泡融合也可通过阳离子囊泡与二价或更高价阴离子的混合来实现;实例将是阳离子脂质体与DNA寡核苷酸或DNA质粒的融合。这可在搅动例如声波降解法或涡流下进行。如果脂质体在试剂(如,官能化试剂)的存在下制得,MLVs将在它们的核心,同中心排列的脂质双层之间,和/或在外表面上包含试剂。本发明构思了携带不同的试剂,以形成包含这样试剂的MLVs的脂质体的融合。
然后使生成的MLVs与试剂(如,平行制备的官能化试剂)在适合使试剂缀合于脂质的条件下温育。缀合可通过于室温或升高的温度(如,37℃)下温育0.5-48小时(如,6-24小时)进行,这取决于采用的缀合方法。试剂缀合后,MLVs与交联剂,例如膜-可渗透的交联剂,和任选二价阳离子源例如氯化钙(CaCl2)(如,约100-1000μL CaCl2每mL总体积,优选150-300μL/mL)一起温育(如,0.5-6小时,优选1-2小时)。交联剂的量将根据要连接在一起的反应性基团的性质而变化,例如,如果官能化脂质是马来酰亚胺官能化脂质,可使用约10-100μL二硫苏糖醇(dithiothrietol)(DTT)每mL脂质(如,20-30μL/mL)。如本文所述的,交联剂的性质将根据要连接在一起的反应性基团的性质变化。例如,包含二硫醇的交联剂例如DTT或(1,4-二-[3′-(2′-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酰氨基]丁烷)可被用来交联由马来酰亚胺官能化脂质(或其它官能化脂质双层成分)组成的MLVs,或二叠氮化物交联剂可被用来通过″点击(click)″化学交联炔烃头基脂质。这些不同的温育均在水性条件下,在范围约6-约8,或约6.5-约7.5,或约7的pH下进行。交联步骤可于室温(如,20-25℃)或在升高的温度,包括例如至多或高于37℃下进行
然后可收集生成的交联的囊泡(如,通过离心或其它造粒装置)、洗涤,然后任选地在它们的最外层或外表面上聚乙二醇化(如,如本文所用的,囊泡可指通过与硫醇-PEG一起温育进行″表面-聚乙二醇化″或″表面-缀合″于PEG)。PEG可具有任何大小,包括但不限于0.1-10kDa、0.5-5kDa,或1-3kDa,例如2kDa PEG-SH。温育期可介于从约10分钟至6小时(如,1至3小时)的范围,虽然它可以更短或更长,这取决于其它条件例如温度和浓度。聚乙二醇化步骤可于室温(如,20-25℃)或于升高的温度包括例如至多或高于37℃下执行。然后可收集囊泡(如,通过离心或其它造粒装置)并用水或其它水性缓冲液洗涤。离心可以1000-22000xg(如,3000-21000xg)进行约1-30分钟(如,5-15分钟)。
然后囊泡可通过一个0.2μm的膜挤出1-30次(如,5-15次例如9次)。
囊泡可以于4℃在缓冲溶液例如但不限于包含蔗糖,无PEG,聚山梨醇酯20(PS-20),或山梨醇(如,1-80%w/v山梨醇、35-45%w/v山梨醇、40%w/v山梨醇)的PBS溶液中贮存,或者它们可在合适的低温保存剂的存在下冻干,然后于-20℃贮存。合适的低温保存剂包括包含蔗糖(如,1-5%蔗糖,且优选约3%蔗糖溶液)的那些。
交联也可通过一个双层中的反应性基团与相邻双层中的互补反应性基团之间的偶联而实现。例如,包含琥珀酰亚胺酯-官能化脂质(A)头基和包含伯胺的(B)头基的融合囊泡可通过邻近双层的A和B脂质之间的原位反应实现交联。本领域技术人员熟悉的各种其它的互补性官能化脂质可以类似的方式使用。
官能化脂质(或脂质双层的其它官能化成分)与交联剂的摩尔比可根据条件而变化。在一些情况下,它可介于从约1至约5的范围。在一些实施方案中,摩尔比2是足够的(即,官能化脂质(或成分)与交联剂的摩尔比是2∶1)。例如,马来酰亚胺官能化脂质与DTT的2∶1的摩尔比可被用来交联囊泡的脂质双层。温育时间可在从1小时至24小时,从2至18小时,从2至12小时,或从2至6小时的范围内。在一些情况下,它可以是约2小时。在其它情况下,它可以是一整夜(如,约12小时)。
在一些情况下,官能化脂质在囊泡中的摩尔%范围可以是从1%至100%或从约10%至约60%,或在一些情况下为从约25%至约55%。在一些情况下,官能化脂质在囊泡中的摩尔%通常是至少10%,优选至少15%,更优选至少20%,和甚至更优选至少25%。
相反地,非-官能化脂质可以约0%-99%(作为摩尔%)存在。更通常地,非-官能化脂质可以约40%-75%或40%-60%(作为摩尔%)存在。
在一个实施方案中,囊泡使用DOPC、DOPG,和马来酰亚胺-官能化DSPE合成。这些脂质彼此的比例可以变化。DOPC的摩尔%可在从1至50%范围内,DOPC的摩尔%可在从1至50%范围内,和马来酰亚胺官能化脂质的摩尔%可在从1至80%的范围内。在另一个实施方案中,不使用DOPG。本发明的一些实施方案提供具有DOPC∶DOPG∶马来酰亚胺官能化脂质比例为40∶10∶50的囊泡。一些实施方案提供具有DOPC∶DOPG∶马来酰亚胺官能化脂质比例为60∶15∶25的囊泡。一些实施方案提供包含DOPG和马来酰亚胺官能化脂质的囊泡。
脂质
囊泡包含一种或多种脂质。脂质的类型、数量和比例可以变化,条件是它们共同形成球形双层(即,囊泡)。脂质可从天然存在的来源分离或除了任何天然存在的来源外,它们可被合成。
至少一种(或一些)脂质是两性分子脂质,定义为具有亲水性和疏水性部分(通常为亲水性头和疏水性尾)。疏水性部分通常趋于进入疏水相(如,在双层内),而亲水性部分通常趋向于水相(如,双层外侧,和可能的邻近的相对双层表面之间)。亲水部分可包括极性或荷电基团例如碳水化合物、磷酸根、羧酸根、硫酸根合、氨基、巯基、硝基,和羟基基团。疏水部分可包括极性基团,其包括但不限于长链饱和和不饱和脂族烃基和由一或多个芳族、环-脂族或杂环基团取代的基团。两性分子化合物的例子包括,但不限于,磷脂,氨基脂和鞘脂。
在一些实施方案中,脂质是磷脂。磷脂包括但不限于磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇,和磷脂酰丝氨酸。要理解可使用其它脂质膜成分,例如胆固醇、鞘磷脂,和心磷脂。
脂质可以是阳离子、阴离子,和/或中性(包括两性离子和极性)脂质。在一些实施方案中,脂质是阴离子和/或中性(如,阴离子或中性磷脂)。在选择的pH下,中性脂质以不荷电的或中性两性离子形式存在。在生理学pH下,这样的脂质包括,例如,二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)、二酰基磷脂酰胆碱、二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、神经酰胺、鞘磷脂、脑磷脂、胆固醇、脑苷脂和二酯酰甘油。两性离子脂质的例子包括但不限于二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC),和二油酰磷脂酰丝氨酸(DOPS)。阴离子脂质是在生理学pH下带负电荷的脂质。这些脂质包括但不限于磷脂酰甘油、心磷脂、二酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸、二酰基磷脂酸、N-十二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、N-琥珀酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、N-戊二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、赖氨酰磷脂酰甘油、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰甘油(POPG),和连接于中性脂质的其它阴离子改性基团。
总体来说,阴离子和中性脂质在此称为非-阳离子脂质。这样的脂质可包含磷,但它们不限于此。非-阳离子脂质的例子包括卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、二肉豆蔻酰磷酸乙醇胺(DMPE)、二硬脂酰-磷脂酰-乙醇胺(DSPE)、棕榈酰油酰-磷脂酰乙醇胺(POPE)、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰胆碱(POPC)、蛋黄磷脂酰胆碱(EPC)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油(DPPG)、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰甘油(POPG)、16-O-单甲基PE、16-O-二甲基PE、18-1-反式PE、棕榈酰油酰-磷脂酰乙醇胺(POPE)、1-硬脂酰-2-油酰-磷脂酰乙醇胺(SOPE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、鞘磷脂、脑磷脂、心磷脂、磷脂酸、脑苷脂、双十六烷基磷酸酯,和胆固醇。
另外的含有非磷的脂质包括硬脂胺、十二烷基胺、十六烷基胺、乙酰棕榈酸酯、蓖麻油酸甘油酯、硬脂酸十六烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、两性丙烯酸聚合物、十二烷基硫酸三乙醇胺、硫酸烷基-芳基酯聚氧乙烯化脂肪酸酰胺、双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵、二酰基磷脂酰胆碱、二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、神经酰胺、鞘磷脂、脑磷脂,和脑苷脂。在一些情况下,可使用脂质例如溶血磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺。非阳离子脂质还包括聚乙二醇-基聚合物,例如PEG 2000、PEG 5000和缀合于磷脂或神经酰胺的聚乙二醇(被称为PEG-Cer)。
在一些情况下,可使用改性形式的脂质,包括用可检测的标记例如荧光团改性的形式。在一些情况下,脂质是发射信号(如,荧光信号)的脂质类似物。实例包括但不限于1,1′-双十八烷基-3,3,3′,3′-四甲基吲哚三羰花青碘化物(DiR)和1,1′-双十八烷基-3,3,3′,3′-四甲基吲哚二羰花青(DiD)。
优选地,脂质是可生物降解的,以允许封装的试剂在体内和/或体外的释放。可生物降解的脂质包括但不限于1,2-二油酰-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸胆碱(二油酰-磷酸胆碱,DOPC)、阴离子1,2-二-(9Z-十八烯酰)-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸-(1′-rac-丙三醇基)(二油酰-磷酸甘油,DOPG),和1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸乙醇胺(二硬脂酰-磷酸乙醇-胺,DSPE)。也可掺入非-脂质膜成分例如胆固醇。
官能化脂质或双层成分
脂质双层的至少一个成分必须官能化(或反应性的)。如本文所用的,官能化成分是包含可被用来交联多层囊泡的相邻双层的反应性基团的成分。双层成分可经修饰以包含反应性基团。
用于合成囊泡的一种或多种脂质可以是官能化脂质。如本文所用的,官能化脂质是具有可被用来交联多层囊泡的相邻双层的反应性基团的脂质。在一些实施方案中,反应性基团是会与交联剂(或其它部分)反应,以形成这样的官能化脂质之间(及因此在囊泡的脂质双层之间)的交联的基团。反应性基团可位于脂质上的任何地方,以使得它能够接触交联剂并且交联于邻近的相对双层的另一个脂质。在一些实施方案中,它呈现为脂质的头基团,包括例如磷脂。反应性基团的一个例子是马来酰亚胺基团。马来酰亚胺基团可在二硫醇交联剂(例如但不限于二硫苏糖醇(DTT))的存在下彼此交联。官能化脂质的一个例子是1,2-二油酰-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[4-(对-马来酰亚氨基苯基)丁酰胺,本文称为MPB。官能化脂质的另一个例子是1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[马来酰亚胺(聚乙二醇)2000](也被称为马来酰亚胺-PEG 2k-PE)。官能化脂质另一个例子是二油酰-磷脂酰乙醇胺4-(N-马来酰亚氨基甲基)-环己烷-1-羧酸酯(DOPE-mal)。
要理解本发明构思了其它官能化脂质,其它官能化脂质双层成分、其它反应性基团,和其它交联剂的应用。除了马来酰亚胺基团外,反应性基团的其它例子还包括但不限于其它硫醇反应性基团、氨基基团例如伯胺和仲胺、羧基、羟基、醛基、炔基、叠氮基、羰基、卤代乙酰基(如,碘代乙酰基)基团、亚氨酸酯基团、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、巯基,和吡啶基二硫化物基团。
官能化和非-官能化脂质可从许多商业来源包括Avanti Polar Lipids(Alabaster,Ala.)获得。
要理解本发明构思了多层囊泡中的邻近的双层彼此连接的各种方法。在一些情况下,交联剂被用来进行相邻双层之间的键合。然而,本发明并不受此限制。
作为例子,囊泡可使用点击化学形成。示例性合成方法使用如下所述的炔-改性的脂质和炔-叠氮化物化学。炔-改性的脂质可通过使脂质例如1,2-二油酰-sn-丙三醇基-3-磷酸乙醇胺(DOPE)与丙炔酸的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯和Et3N在CDCl3中混合来制得。反应用NMR监测。反应完成后,有机溶液可用5%Na2CO3、1%HCl和盐水洗涤,在Na2SO4下干燥并蒸发,并称重炔-改性的DOPE。具有1∶1摩尔比的DOPC和炔-DOPE的脂质薄膜可被制备、水合、流态化,并如前所述用Mg2+诱导融合。具有炔-官能化脂质的MLVs可于室温下与CuSO4、铜丝,和1,14-二叠氮基-3,6,9,12-四氧杂十四碳烷温育24小时。粒子可经离心分离。
交联剂
交联剂可以是同双官能交联剂或杂双官能交联剂,取决于在要彼此连接的脂质双层中的反应性基团的性质。术语″交联剂(crosslinker)″和″交联剂(crosslinkingagent)″在本文可互换使用。同双官能交联剂具有2个同样的反应性基团。杂双官能交联剂具有2个不同的反应性基团。
在一个例子中,使用相同的官能化脂质(或其它双层成分)和交联剂(例如同双官能交联剂)使双层(如,邻近的双层)彼此交联。在另一个例子中,使用不同的官能化脂质(或其它双层成分)和交联剂(例如杂双官能交联剂)使双层(如,邻近的双层)彼此交联。
各种类型的可商业获得的交联剂是可与一或多个以下基团反应的:马来酰亚胺、伯胺、仲胺、巯基、羧基、羰基和碳水化合物。胺-特异性交联剂的例子是双(磺基琥珀酰亚氨基)辛二酸酯、双[2-(琥珀酰亚氨基氧基羰基氧基)乙基]砜、二琥珀酰亚氨基辛二酸酯、二琥珀酰亚氨基酒石酸酯、二亚胺代己二酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl adipimate.2HCl)、二亚胺代庚二酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl pimelimidate.2HCl)、二甲基辛二硝酸二酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl suberimidate.2HCl),和乙二醇双-[琥珀酰亚氨基-[琥珀酸酯]]。与巯基反应的交联剂包括双马来酰亚氨基己烷、1,4-二-[3′-(2′-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酰氨基)]丁烷、1-[对-叠氮基水杨酰氨基]-4-[碘代乙酰氨基]丁烷,和N-[4-(对-叠氮基水杨酰氨基)丁基]-3′-[2′-吡啶基二硫代]丙酰胺。优先对碳水化合物具有反应性的交联剂包括叠氮基苯甲酰肼。交联剂优先对羧基具有反应性的交联剂包括4-[对-叠氮基水杨酰氨基]丁基胺。二硫醇交联剂例如二硫苏糖醇(dithiolthietol)(DTT)、1,4-二-[3′-(2′-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酰氨基]丁烷(DPDPB),和在一些情况下,包含硫醇的聚合物例如(PEG)-SH2可被用来交联马来酰亚胺反应性基团。
DTT的结构是:
DPDPB的结构是:
与炔基团反应的交联剂包括二叠氮化物,例如1,14-二叠氮基-3,6,9,12-四氧杂十四碳烷,和其它与″点击″化学相容的基团。
与胺和巯基反应的杂双官能交联剂包括N-琥珀酰亚氨基-3-[2-吡啶基二硫代丙酸酯、琥珀酰亚氨基[4-碘代乙酰基]氨基苯甲酸酯、琥珀酰亚氨基4-[N-马来酰亚氨基甲基]环己烷-1-羧酸酯、间-马来酰亚氨基苯甲酰基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、磺基琥珀酰亚氨基6-[3-[2-吡啶基二硫代]丙酰氨基]己酸酯,和磺基琥珀酰亚氨基4-[N-马来酰亚氨基甲基]环己烷-1-羧酸酯。与羧基和胺基团反应的杂双官能交联剂包括1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基氨基丙基]-碳二亚胺盐酸盐。与碳水化合物和巯基反应的杂双官能交联剂包括4-[N-马来酰亚氨基甲基]-环己烷-1-羧基酰肼.2HCl、4-(4-N-马来酰亚氨基苯基)-丁酸酰肼.2HCl,和3-[2-吡啶基二硫代]丙酰基酰肼。其它交联剂是双-[β-4-叠氮基水杨酰氨基)乙基]二硫化物和戊二醛。
交联剂可以是膜可渗透的(或脂质可溶的),以致它们可通过MLVs的一个或多个双层扩散以进行各层(如,相邻层)之间的交联。任何弱极性/不荷电的双官能或杂双官能团小分子可以是有效的膜可渗透的交联剂,特别是如果这样的分子包含反应性基团例如但不限于马来酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺酯、叠氮化物,和硫醇。膜可渗透的交联剂的例子包括但不限于DTT和1,4-二-[3′-(2′-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酰氨基]丁烷(DPDPB)。
试剂的缀合
本发明的ICMVs包括至少一个缀合于囊泡脂质的试剂的分子。如本文所用的,“缀合的”指试剂与ICMV的脂质的共价连接。试剂可通过每个种类上的互补反应性基团的反应共价连接于脂质。试剂和/或脂质可被官能化以包含互补反应性基团或反应性基团可以是已存在于试剂或脂质中的基团。互补性反应性基团(goups)对的例子包括,但不限于,硫醇和马来酰亚胺、胺和羧酸、叠氮化物和炔,和烯烃和四嗪。其它可用来使试剂缀合于ICMV的脂质的互补反应性基团对是本领域技术人员熟知的,见例如,Hermanson,生物缀合技术(Bioconjugate Techniques),Academic Press,第3版.2013和Sletten et al.,AngewChem Iht Ed Engl.48:6974-98,2009,其通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。例如,如果试剂是硫醇官能化的,则脂质可以是马来酰亚胺官能化的;如果试剂是叠氮化物官能化的,则脂质可以是炔官能化的;如果试剂是胺官能化,则脂质可以是羧酸官能化的;或如果试剂是烯烃官能化的,则脂质可以是四嗪官能化的。例如,试剂可包括或被官能化以包括硫醇基团和通过与官能化的脂质反应形成的共价键合,以包括马来酰亚胺基团。或者,试剂上的反应性基团可以是胺或羧酸和共价连接于脂质可以是通过与脂质的胺或羧酸反应形成的酰胺键。试剂可在ICMV合成之前缀合于脂质,因而可被封装在囊泡内,囊泡的脂质双层之间,或存在于囊泡的外表面上。缀合的试剂不包括包含在试剂(如,抗原)的氨基和/或羧基末端的10个之内(包括在9、8、7、6、5、4、3或2个之内)的氨基酸残基的半胱氨酸或在试剂(如,抗原)的氨基和/或羧基末端的半胱氨酸的缀合。
用来使试剂缀合于脂质的反应性基团可以与用来交联双层的那些相同,在这样的情况下,不需要另外的官能化脂质(或其它官能化成分)。作为一个例子,如果ICMVs包括马来酰亚胺官能化脂质,则官能化剂可以是硫醇-官能化剂。或者,用来稳定囊泡的反应性基团可与用来使试剂缀合于脂质的那些反应性基团不同。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,可使用试剂的其它改性的形式,这取决于囊泡的脂质双层的官能化脂质(或成分)中反应性基团的性质。合适的反应性基团包括但不限于氨基基团例如伯胺和仲胺、羧基、巯基、羟基、醛基、叠氮化物基团、羰基、马来酰亚胺基团、卤代乙酰基(如,碘代乙酰基)基团、亚氨酸酯基团、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,和吡啶基二硫化物基团。
官能化剂
试剂的至少一个成分必须被官能化或者是反应性的。在一些实施方案中,官能化剂是包含可用来使试剂缀合于脂质(如,官能化脂质)的反应性基团的试剂。试剂可经修饰以包含反应性基团。在一些实施方案中,试剂未被修饰以包含反应性基团(如,未修饰的试剂包含反应性胺和/或半胱氨酸残基)。在一些实施方案中,官能化剂不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,例如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。在一些实施方案中,官能化剂(如,抗原)包含内部半胱氨酸,其是位于官能化剂(如,抗原)的内部区域的半胱氨酸。官能化剂(如,抗原)的内部区域不包含氨基末端的10个氨基酸(即,在氨基酸位置1-10)和羧基末端的10个氨基酸((即,在氨基酸(n-10)至n,其中n表示抗原中的氨基酸残基的数量)。官能化剂(如,抗原)的内部区域包含氨基酸11-氨基酸n-11,其中n表示抗原中的氨基酸残基的数量。在一些实施方案中,官能化剂是如在本文进一步描述的HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽)。在一些实施方案中,官能化剂是如在本文进一步描述的佐剂。
用于合成本发明的组合物的一种或多种试剂可以是官能化剂。在一些实施方案中,反应性基团是将反应以形成对脂质的共价连接的基团。反应性基团可位于试剂的任何地方,以使得它能缀合于脂质。反应性基团的一个例子是硫醇基团。要理解本发明构思了其它官能化剂和其它反应性基团的应用。除了硫醇基团,反应性基团的其它例子还包括但不限于其它硫醇反应性基团、马来酰亚胺基团、肼基团、氨基基团例如伯胺和仲胺、羧基、羟基、醛基、炔基、叠氮基、烯烃基团、四嗪基团、羰基、卤代乙酰基(如,碘代乙酰基)基团、亚氨酸酯基团、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、巯基,和吡啶基二硫化物基团。
每个试剂分子加入平均1-2个分子的反应性基团(如,硫醇)对于使试剂有效缀合于脂质是合乎需要的。然而,对于一些试剂,每个试剂分子加入更多的反应性基团(如,硫醇分子)可导致增加的缀合。同样,本发明涵盖加入2、3、4、5个或更多个反应性基团(如,硫醇)/每个试剂分子。
作为一个例子,试剂可通过使硫醇-官能化剂与马来酰亚胺官能化脂质反应而缀合于脂质。在一些实施方案中,硫醇-官能化剂不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,例如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。硫醇-官能化剂可使用本领域已知的方法,例如,2-亚氨基四氢噻吩-HCl(特劳特试剂(Traut’s reagent))、N-琥珀酰亚氨基S-乙酰基硫代乙酸酯盐酸盐(SATA),或N-琥珀酰亚氨基S-乙酰基(硫代四乙二醇)制备。例如,用10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80,或更高摩尔当量的特劳特试剂于室温下处理包含伯胺的试剂(如,1小时),提供硫醇-官能化剂。加入平均1-2个分子的硫醇/每个试剂分子对于有效缀合是合乎需要的。然而,对于一些试剂,每个试剂分子加入更多的硫醇分子可导致增加的缀合。同样,本发明涵盖加入2、3、4、5个或更多个硫醇分子/每个试剂分子。
在其它实施方案中,官能化剂是包含可被用来使试剂缀合于亲脂性部分(如,其官能化脂质的酰基烃、脂肪醇或酯)的反应性基团的试剂。亲脂性部分指包含基本上线性或支链的烃(如,从约5-约50个碳原子)的分子。在一些实施方案中,亲脂性部分可包含一或多个杂原子,如O、N和/或S。在一些实施方案中,亲脂性部分可包含一或多个氧原子。例如,在一些实施方案中,亲脂性部分可包含一或多个酰基。在一些实施方案中,亲脂性部分可包含一或多个醇或酯基。在其它实施方案中,亲脂性部分可包含一或多个散布于烃链中的PEG单位。亲脂性部分的功能是帮助试剂通过与脂质双层中的脂质的相互作用,如,通过有利的疏水性相互作用,将自身插入或包埋入ICMV的脂质双层中。一旦试剂用亲脂性部分官能化,试剂可使用亲脂性部分将自身插入ICMV的脂质双层中。亲脂性部分用作疏水性锚钩。在一些实施方案中,用亲脂性部分官能化的试剂被插入或包埋入ICMV的脂质双层中。在一些实施方案中,用亲脂性部分官能化的试剂被插入或包埋入ICMV的脂质双层中且不缀合于ICMV的脂质。
为使试剂缀合于亲脂性部分,试剂/或亲脂性部分可被官能化以包含互补反应性基团,或反应性基团可以是已经存在于试剂或亲脂性部分的基团。互补性反应性基团对的例子包括,但不限于,硫醇和马来酰亚胺、胺和羧酸、叠氮化物和炔,和烯烃和四嗪。可用来使试剂缀合于亲脂性部分的其它成对的互补反应性基团是本领域技术人员熟知的,见例如,Hermanson,生物偶联技术(Bioconjugate Techniques),Academic Press,第3版.2013和Sletten et al.,Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.48:6974-98,2009,其通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。例如,如果试剂是硫醇官能化的,则亲脂性部分可以是马来酰亚胺官能化的;如果试剂是叠氮化物官能化的,则亲脂性部分可以是炔官能化的;如果试剂是胺官能化的,则亲脂性部分可以是羧酸官能化的;或如果试剂是烯烃官能化的,则亲脂性部分可以是四嗪官能化的。在其它实施方案中,杂原子或包含已经存在于亲脂性部分的杂原子的基团(如,酰基)可被用来使亲脂性部分缀合于官能化剂。
聚乙二醇化
ICMVs可被进一步修饰。ICMV可在它们的表面上缀合于聚乙二醇(PEG)。聚乙二醇化在临床上被用来增加各种试剂包括STEALTH脂质体的半衰期。聚乙二醇化可通过使稳定的MLVs表面上的官能化脂质与互补性官能化的PEG反应来实现。优选脂质在ICMV合成之前不缀合于PEG,而是宁可PEG在合成后缀合于ICMV外表面或将PEG-脂质缀合物通过″插入后″过程引入粒子的外膜层内。
用来使ICMVs聚乙二醇化的反应性基团可以与用来交联双层的那些反应性基团相同,在这种情况下,不需要另外的官能化脂质(或其它官能化成分)。作为一个例子,如果ICMVs包括马来酰亚胺官能化脂质,则官能化PEG可以是硫醇-PEG。或者,用来稳定囊泡的反应性基团可以与用来将PEG缀合至外表面的那些反应性基团不同。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,可使用PEG的其它修饰的形式,这取决于在囊泡的脂质双层的官能化脂质(或成分)中的反应性基团的性质。合适的反应性基团包括但不限于氨基基团例如伯胺和仲胺、羧基、巯基、羟基、醛基、叠氮化物基团、羰基、马来酰亚胺基团、卤代乙酰基(如,碘代乙酰基)基团、亚氨酸酯基团、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,和吡啶基二硫化物基团。
各种试验可在生成的稳定的囊泡上执行,以特别确定大小和表面电荷(如,通过动态光散射),它们的外表面上脂质的分数(如,通过层状结构分析),掺入其中或由此通过的试剂的量(如,通过HPLC)。可在囊泡上进行的其它试验包括共聚焦显微镜和低温隧道电子显微镜(TEM)。
试剂
本发明构思了使用本发明的稳定的脂质囊泡,包括ICMV,使试剂在体内或体外向区域、组织或细胞的递送,包括在一些情况下的持续递送。如本文所用的,试剂是可用来给受试者提供益处(包括但不限于预防剂或治疗剂益处)或可用来在体内诊断和/或检测(例如,成像)或具有在体外应用的用途的任何原子或分子或化合物。
任何试剂可使用组合物(如,稳定的MLVs例如ICMVs,及其组合物包括其试剂组合物)和本发明的方法递送,只要它可被封装入(包括遍及)本文提供的稳定的MLVs例如ICMVs中或以其它方式在本文提供的稳定的MLVs例如ICMVs上携带(如,缀合)。例如,试剂必须能够经受住这些囊泡的合成和任选的贮存过程。囊泡可被合成并且,例如,以冷冻形式,优选用蔗糖基赋形剂贮存。试剂,如果在合成期间被缀合到囊泡中,在这样的贮存程序和时间期间应该是稳定的。
试剂可以是但不限于蛋白、多肽、肽、核酸、小分子(如,化学物,无论是有机或无机)试剂、病毒-样粒子、类固醇、蛋白聚糖、脂质、碳水化合物,及其类似物、衍生物、混合物、融合物、组合或缀合物。试剂可以是在体内代谢并因此转化为其活性(和/或稳定的)形式的前药。
试剂可以是天然存在的或非-天然存在的。天然存在的试剂包括能够被给予囊泡的受试者合成的那些。非-天然存在的是通常在自然界中不存在的那些,无论是否由植物、动物、微生物,或其它生物体产生。
一类试剂是肽-基试剂例如(单链或多链)蛋白和肽。实例包括抗体、单链抗体、抗体片段、酶、辅因子、受体、配体、转录因子和其它调节因子、一些抗原(如下文所讨论的)、细胞因子,和趋化因子。这些肽-基试剂可以是或可以不是天然存在的,但它们能够在受试者体内,例如,通过使用基因工程改造的细胞来合成。
可使用本发明的囊泡递送的另一类试剂包括那些为非肽-基的试剂。实例包括为非-天然存在的化学化合物,或不能由哺乳动物(和特别是人)细胞天然合成的化学化合物。
目前用于治疗或诊断目的的各种试剂可根据本发明递送且这些包括但不限于显像剂、免疫调节剂例如免疫刺激剂和免疫抑制剂、抗原、佐剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、抗-癌剂、抗-感染剂、核酸、抗体或其片段、融合蛋白例如细胞因子-抗体融合蛋白,和Fc-融合蛋白。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,试剂不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。
显像剂
如本文所用的,显像剂是直接或间接发射信号,从而允许其在体内被检测的试剂。显像剂例如造影剂和放射剂可使用医学成像技术例如核医学扫描和磁共振成像(MRI)检测。用于磁共振成像(MRI)的显像剂包括Gd(DOTA)、氧化铁或金纳米粒子;用于核医学的显像剂包括201Tl、γ-发射放射性核素99mmTc;用于正电子发射断层成像(PET)的显像剂包括正电子发射同位素、(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖((18)FDG)、(18)F-氟化物、铜-64、钆弗塞胺(gadoamide),和Pb(II)的放射性同位素例如203Pb,和11In;用于体内荧光成像的显像剂例如荧光染料或染料-缀合的纳米粒子。在其它实施方案中,要递送的试剂与显像剂缀合,或融合,或混合或合并。
免疫调节剂
如本文所用的,免疫调节剂是在给药(无论是单独或与另一个试剂组合给予)的受试者中刺激(即,免疫刺激剂)或抑制(即,免疫抑制剂)免疫反应的试剂。在一些实施方案中,如本文描述的免疫调节剂特别地排除如在专利和专利申请公布号:US 8686119、WO2013014668,和WO 2009101611中描述的CuireTech的抗-PD-1抗体CT-011。
免疫调节剂的例子包括,但不限于,抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD40抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM)、AMD3100、抗-LAG-3/CD223抗体、抗-B7-H5抗体、抗-OX40抗体、抗-CD28抗体、抗-GITR抗体、抗-4-1BB/CD137抗体、4-1BB配体、抗-BTLA抗体、抗-TIM-3/HAVCR2抗体、抗-KIR抗体、抗-Flt3/CD135抗体、抗-FasL抗体、抗-CD25抗体、GM-CSF、抗-GM-CSF-受体(R)抗体、IL-2、抗-IL-2-R抗体、IL-7、抗-IL-7-R抗体、IL-21、抗-IL-21-R抗体、IL-12、抗-IL-12-R抗体、IL-15、抗-IL-15-R抗体、IL-18、抗-IL-18-R抗体、抗-IDO抗体、伊匹木单抗、克唑替尼、色瑞替尼(ceritinib)、塞来考昔、SOCS-1抑制剂、热休克蛋白(HSP)、HSP抑制剂,和抗-半乳凝素-1抗体。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种免疫调节剂选自抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD40抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM),和AMD3100。
免疫刺激剂:如本文所用的,免疫刺激试剂是在给药(无论是单独或与另一个试剂组合给予)的受试者中刺激免疫反应(包括增强先已存在的免疫反应)的试剂。实例包括抗原、佐剂(如,TLR配体例如咪喹莫特和瑞喹莫德、咪唑喹啉(imidazoquinolines)、核酸(包括非甲基化CpG二核苷酸)、单磷酰脂质A(MPLA)或其它脂多糖衍生物、单链或双链RNA、鞭毛蛋白、胞壁二肽)、细胞因子包括白介素(如,IL-2、IL-7、IL-15(或这些细胞因子的超级激动剂/突变体形式)、IL-12、IFN-γ、IFN-α、GM-CSF、FLT3-配体等)、AMD3100、免疫刺激抗体(如,抗-CD40抗体、抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD28抗体、抗-CD3抗体,或这些分子的单链/抗体片段),和PD-1抑制剂。
术语“PD-1抑制剂”指抑制PD-1的分子途径的任何试剂。例如,PD-1抑制剂可以是缀合PD-1以阻断配体缀合PD-1的抗体(如,抗-PD-1抗体、纳武单抗(nivolumab),和派姆单抗(pembrolizumab))。PD-1抑制剂也可以是缀合PD-L1或PD-L2(其各自是PD-1的配体)的抗体,以防止它缀合于PD-1(如,抗-PD-L1抗体(如,BMS-936559和MPDL3280A)和抗-PD-L2抗体(见例如,专利申请公布号:WO 2010036959(见例如,79页,[0253]至101页,[0296])))。
抗-PD-1抗体的例子包括纳武单抗,派姆单抗,以及在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的抗体:WO 2013173223(见例如,3页,19-21行,8页,25行至9页,30行,40页,9行至50页,24行)、US 8008449(见例如,69栏,表2,63栏,55行至86栏,15行)、US 8552154(见例如,67栏,表4,57栏,35行至74栏,43行)、US 8735553(见例如,35栏,表22,31栏,表20,13栏,9行至36栏,62行)、WO 2004056875(见例如,37页,表6,33页,[0106]至43页,[0137])、US7488802(见例如,22栏,表6和7,19栏,62行至25栏,4行)、US 20140294852(见例如,37页,表2,34页,[0525]至40页,[0585])、US 8779105(见例如,69栏,表2,63栏,55行至86栏,11行)、US 8741295(见例如,18栏,1行至24栏,60行)、EP 2535354(见例如,23页,表IV,23页,1行至28页,35行)、US 8168757(见例如,34栏,36行至48栏,2行)、US 20130095098(见例如,12页,[0165]至14页,[0188])、WO 2010029435(见例如,14页,实施例1,17页,实施例2,26-28页)、WO 2014100079(见例如,39页,[00155]至45页,[00174])、US 7943743(见例如,67栏,表2和3,61栏,7行至74栏,51行)、EP 2170959(见例如,26页,表V,16页,39行至28页,2行)、WO 2008156712(见例如,56页,表V,40-57页),和US 8217149(见例如,99栏,6行至118栏,15行),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。在某些实施方案中,抗-PD-1抗体具有纳武单抗的序列(见例如,专利号:US 8008449的图4a,4b,和9)或派姆单抗(见例如,专利申请公布号:US 2011/0008369)。如本文描述的抗-PD-1抗体特别地排除如在专利和专利公布号:US 8686119、WO 2013014668,和WO 2009101611描述的CuteTech的抗-PD-1抗体CT-011。
抗-PD-L1抗体的例子包括BMS-936559、MPDL3280A,以及在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的抗体:US 8552154(见例如,57栏,35行至69栏,16行)、WO 2014055897(见例如,50,页[00190]至58页,[00219])、WO 2013079174(见例如,48页,15行至68页,31行)、US 8217149(见例如,99栏,5行至118栏,15行)、US 7943743(见例如,61栏,9行至76栏,45行)、WO 2014100079(见例如,39页,[00155]至45页,[00175])、US 8552154(见例如,57栏,35行至75栏,13行),和US 8741295(见例如,18栏,32行至24栏,60行),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。
抗-CD40抗体的例子包括在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的抗体:US20030059427(见例如,15页,[0157]至20页,[0212])、WO 2013034904(见例如,58页,4行至102页,20行)、WO 2003029296(见例如,30页,20行至34页,16行)、US 8637032(见例如,252栏,55行至254栏,37行)、WO 2002028905(见例如,20页,18行至32页,30行)、US 8778345(见例如,48栏,31行至54栏,38行)、WO 1997031025(见例如,14页,6行至31页,26行)、WO2012125569(见例如,25页,33行至27页,14行)、WO 2011123489(见例如,93页,[00339]至109页,[00145])、CA 2544949(见例如,78页,26行至122页,21行)、WO 2014070934(见例如,86页,4行至103页,4行)、US 20140093497(见例如,12页,[0112]至13页,[0118])、WO2010104761(见例如,37页,3行至66页,29行)、US 8591900(见例如,60栏,14行至80栏,29行)、WO 2007124299(见例如,68页,29行至88页,17行)、US 7445780(见例如,22栏,29行至36栏,39行)、WO 2006073443(见例如,82页,6行至89页,12行)、WO 2005044294(见例如,137页,19行至158页158,15行)、US 5677165(见例如,11栏,45行至18栏,6行)、WO 2001083755(见例如,39页,4行至47页,2行)、US 20080057070(见例如,26页,[0176]至47页,[0296])、US 7172759(见例如,9栏,5行至12栏,58行)、WO 2006128103(见例如,75页,[00244]至84页,[000255])、WO 2001016180(见例如,79页,21行至89页,14行)、WO2003040170(见例如,76页,[0248]至141页,[0239])、US 6312693(见例如,8栏,51行至栏34,45行)、US 8492531(见例如,47栏,46行至58栏,31行)、US 8551485(见例如,78栏,15行至85栏,7行)、US 6838261(见例如,26栏,10行至34栏,26行)、EP 2243492(见例如,26页,[0144]至37页,[0219]),和EP 2011802(见例如,12页,[0047]至40页,[0127]),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。
抗-CD40抗体的例子包括在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的抗体:US20030059427(见例如,15页,[0157]至20页,[0212])、WO 2013034904(见例如,58页,4行至102页,20行)、WO 2003029296(见例如,30页,20行至34页,16行)、US 8637032(见例如,252栏,55行至254栏,37行)、WO 2002028905(见例如,20页,18行至32页,行30)、US 8778345(见例如,48栏,31行至54栏,38行)、WO 1997031025(见例如,14页,6行至31页,26行)、WO2012125569(见例如,25页,33行至27页,14行)、WO 2011123489(见例如,93页,[00339]至109页,[00145])、CA 2544949(见例如,78页,26行至122页,21行)、WO 2014070934(见例如,86页,4行至103页,4行)、US 20140093497(见例如,12页,[0112]至13页,[0118])、WO2010104761(见例如,37页,3行至66页,29行)、US 8591900(见例如,60栏,14行至80栏,29行)、WO 2007124299(见例如,68页,29行至88页,17行)、US 7445780(见例如,22栏,29行至36栏,39行)、WO 2006073443(见例如,82页,6行至89页,12行)、WO 2005044294(见例如,137页,19行至158页,15行)、US 5677165(见例如,11栏,45行至18栏,6行)、WO 2001083755(见例如,39页,4行至47页,2行)、US 20080057070(见例如,26页,[0176]至47页,[0296])、US 7172759(见例如,9栏,5行至12栏,58行)、WO 2006128103(见例如,75页,[00244]至84页,[000255])、WO 2001016180(见例如,79页,21行至89页,14行)、WO 2003040170(见例如,76页,[0248]至141页,[0239])、US 6312693(见例如,8栏,51行至34栏,45行)、US8492531(见例如,47栏,46行至58栏,31行)、US 8551485(见例如,78栏,15行至85栏,7行)、US 6838261(见例如,26栏,10行至34栏,26行)、EP 2243492(见例如,26页,[0144]至37页,[0219]),和EP 2011802(见例如,12页,[0047]至40页,[0127]),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。
抗-CTLA-4抗体的例子包括伊匹木单抗(见例如,专利号:US 6682736(见例如,34栏,40行至48栏,6行))和在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的抗体:WO 2012120125(见例如,13页,1行至27页,18行)、US 8017114(见例如,46栏,40行至74栏,12行)、WO2001014424(见例如,65页,21行至96页,15行),和WO 2000037504(见例如,56页,25行至86页,31行),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。
免疫抑制剂:如本文所用的,免疫抑制剂是在给药(无论是单独或与另一个试剂组合给予)的受试者中抑制免疫反应的试剂。实例包括类固醇、维甲酸、地塞米松、环磷酰胺、抗-CD3抗体或抗体片段,和其它免疫抑制剂。实例包括免疫抑制抗体(如,抗-CD3抗体,或这种分子的单链/抗体片段)、类固醇、维甲酸、地塞米松、环磷酰胺(CPM)(例如在以下专利号中描述的那些:US 4537883(见例如,9栏,62行至13栏,6行)、US 3808297(见例如,7栏,5行至9栏,75行),和US 5036060(见例如,5栏,60行至14栏,19行),其每一篇通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中),和其它免疫抑制剂。
其它免疫调节剂包括细胞-表面制造者和靶向细胞-表面制造者的抗体。免疫调节剂例如细胞-表面制造者和靶向细胞-表面制造者的抗体的例子包括抗-LAG-3/CD223抗体(例如C9B7W (UniProt ID No.P18627)和在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO2010019570(见,73页,4行至例如,97页,10行)、WO 2014008218(见例如,57页,20行至65页,17行),和WO 2008132601(见例如,15页,13行至28页,17行))、抗-VISTA/PD-L3抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US 20140105912(见例如,71页,[0601]至87页,[0755])、US 8236304(见例如,17栏,7行至18栏,48行),和US20110027278(见例如,39页,[0302]至43页,[0333]))、抗-B7-H5抗体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US 20080248007(见例如,9页,[0087]至10页,[0094]))、抗-OX40抗体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2013130102(见例如,31页,[0101]至41页,[0124]))、抗-CD28抗体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:EP0440373(见例如,4页,45行至8页,37行))、抗-GITR抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO2007133822(见例如,48页,16行至52页,18行)、WO 2009009116(见例如,52页,30行至56页,6行)、WO 2004107618(见例如,78页,[0199]至105页,[0261])、WO 2006105021(见例如,70页,21行至80页,31行)、US 7812135(见例如,55栏,52行至66栏,38行),和US 8591886(见例如,41栏,15行至44栏,20行))、抗-4-1BB/CD137抗体(例如在专利号:US 8716452中描述的那些(见例如,13栏,55行至20栏,62行))、4-1BB配体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 1994026290(见例如,21页,23行至32页,33行)、US 20060110802(见例如,9页,[0098]至16页,[0167])、WO 1999036093(见例如,18页,5行至56页,17行)、WO 2010132389(见例如,30页,[00134]至41页,[00166])、WO 2012145183(见例如,43页,26行至64页,12行)、US 20080008716(见例如,3页,[0042]至7页,[0070])、WO 2004010947(见例如,13页,12行至23页,19行),和US 20070286860(见例如,27页,[0172]至31页,[200]))、抗-BTLA抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2010106051(见例如,35页,行至35页,8行)、WO 2008076560(见例如,85页,2行至97页,11行)、US 8349320(见例如,47栏,62行至72栏,26行),和US 8563694(见例如,56栏,25行至65栏,45行))、抗-TIM-3/HAVCR2抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US 8841418(见例如,36栏,45行至46栏,47行)、EP 2417984(见例如,19页,[0137]至28页,[0206])、WO 2014022332(见例如,51页,[00191]至54页,[00202]),和US 8697069(见例如,40页,26行至50页,37行))、抗-KIR抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2014066532(见例如,25页,30行至57页,17行)、EP 2446897(见例如,45页,[0294]至47页,[0309])、WO2014055648(见例如,24-49页),和US 20140302052(见例如,2页,[0021]至4页,[0044]))、抗-Flt3/CD135抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US6291661(见例如,23栏,36行至38栏,23行)、EP 0754230(见例如,13页,[0099]至20页,[0138])、EP 0992584(见例如,25页,28行至30页,45行),和WO 2011076922(见例如,95页,[000269]至82页,[000233]))、抗-FasL抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US 20100266577(见例如,7页,[0089]至10页,[0122])、US20070142456(见例如,6页,[0054]至8页,[0066])、WO 2011066211(见例如,38-97页)、US 20020187534(见例如,5页,[0061]至10页,[0112])、WO 1999036079(见例如,53页,15行至60页,19行),和WO1997033617(见例如,18页,1行至25页,17行)),和抗-CD25抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2006108670(见例如,4-8页)、US 8182812(见例如,43栏,6行至54栏,15行),和CA 2585776(见例如,31页,[00100]至52页,[00163]))。
其它免疫调节剂包括细胞因子或靶向细胞因子受体的抗体。免疫调节剂例如细胞因子和靶向细胞因子受体的抗体的例子包括GM-CSF(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2013074489(见例如,52页,29行至61页,26行)、US 5891429(见例如,12栏,1行至28栏,21行),和WO 1989010403(见例如,5页,35行至13页,21行))、抗-GM-CSF-受体(R)抗体(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 1994011404(见例如,9-28页)、US 8263075(见例如,29栏,25行至49栏,26行),和US 5932704(见例如,2栏,55行至12栏,67行))、IL-2(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2013130102(见例如,31页,[0101]至41页,[0124])、US 8349311(见例如,21栏,31行至31栏,9行)、WO2005007121(见例如,30页,29行至43页,31行),和WO 1991002000(见例如,2-7页))、抗-IL-2-R抗体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 1989009622(见例如,18页,4行至33页,12行))、IL-7(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2012031115(见例如,77页,[00240]至102页,[00347])、WO 2013074489(见例如,52页,30行至61页,26行)、US7323549(见例如,12栏,14行至24栏,37行),和US 8338575(见例如,11栏,60行至24栏,18行))、抗-IL-7-R抗体、IL-21(如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO2013169693(见例如,44页,3行至73页,15行))、抗-IL-21-R抗体、IL-12(如在专利号中描述的那些:US 8765462(见例如,27栏,15行至50栏,16行))、抗-IL-12-R抗体、IL-15、抗-IL-15-R抗体、IL-18、抗-IL-8-R抗体,和抗-IDO抗体。
还有的其它免疫调节剂包括激酶抑制剂例如克唑替尼(见例如,专利申请公布号:WO 2013017989(见例如,54-69页))和色瑞替尼(见例如,专利申请公布号:WO 2012082972(见例如,11页,6行至14页,17行)和WO 2008073687(见例如,34页,[0089]至144页,[0151]))、COX-2抑制剂例如塞来考昔(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2000032189(见例如,38页,17行至61页,20行)、US 6127545(见例如,7栏,30行至17栏,67行)、WO 2002028270(见例如,37页,27行至45页,28行)、US 6403630(见例如,16栏,29行至17栏,7行),和US 5972986(见例如,5栏,9行至16栏,44行))、SOCS-1抑制剂(如,PI3K或Jak抑制剂)、热休克蛋白(HSP)(例如在以下专利和专利申请公布号中描述的那些:US7678803(见例如,79栏,20行至158栏,55行)、US 7608635(见例如,93栏,55行至108栏,40行)、US 8318790(见例如,158栏,51行至196栏,20行),和US 20130184336(见例如,5页,[0075]至6页,[0093]))、HSP抑制剂(例如在专利号中描述的那些:US7776849(见例如,32栏,47行至50栏,67行)),和抗-半乳凝素-1抗体(例如在以下专利申请公布号中描述的那些:WO 2012131079(见例如,24-35页)、WO 2014070214(见例如,42页,15行至53页,13行),和WO 2014043708(见例如,27页,[00140]至36页,[00199]))。
前述专利和专利申请公布号的公开内容通过引用以其整体缀合到本文中。
佐剂
佐剂指一种或多种引起免疫系统的刺激作用的物质。在本上下文中,佐剂被用来增强对一种或多种抗原(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))的免疫反应。佐剂可在给予抗原(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))之前、与抗原(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))组合,或在给予抗原(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))之后给予受试者。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可缀合于ICMV中的脂质。
佐剂可以是不受限制的脂质(如,单磷酰脂质A(MPLA))、明矾(如,氢氧化铝、磷酸铝);从智利無患子树(Q.saponaria tree)的树皮纯化的皂苷例如QS21(一种用HPLC分馏在第21个峰洗脱的糖脂;Antigenics,Inc.,Worcester,Mass.);聚[二(羧基苯氧基)膦腈(poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene)(PCPP聚合物;美国病毒研究所(VirusResearch Institute,USA))、Flt3配体,利什曼虫延长因子(Leishmania elongationfactor)(一种纯化的利什曼虫蛋白;Corixa Corporation,Seattle,Wash.)、ISCOMS(包含混合的皂苷、脂质并形成可容纳抗原的孔隙的病毒-大小的粒子的免疫刺激复合物;CSL,Melbourne,Australia)、Pam3Cys、SB-AS4(包含明矾和MPL的SmithKline Beecham佐剂系统#4;SBB,Belgium)、形成胶束的非-离子嵌段共聚物例如CRL 1005(这些包含被聚氧乙烯链侧接的疏水性聚氧丙烯的线性链,Vaxcel,Inc.,Norcross,Ga.),和二缩甘露醇单油酸酯佐剂IMS(Montanide IMS)(如,IMS1312,与可溶性免疫刺激剂组合的水-基纳米粒子,Seppic)。
佐剂可以是toll-样受体(TLR)配体。通过TLR3起作用的佐剂包括但不限于双链RNA。通过TLR4起作用的佐剂包括但不限于脂多糖的衍生物例如单磷酰脂质A(MPLA;RibiImmunoChem Research,Inc.,Hamilton,Mont.)和胞壁二肽(MDP;Ribi)和苏氨酰-胞壁二肽(t-MDP;Ribi);OM-174(一种与脂质A相关的葡萄糖胺二糖;OM Pharma SA,Meyrin,Switzerland)。通过TLR5起作用的佐剂包括但不限于鞭毛蛋白。通过TLR7和/或TLR8起作用的佐剂包括单链RNA、寡核苷酸(ORN)、合成低分子重量化合物例如咪唑喹啉胺(imidazoquinolinamines)(如,咪喹莫特(R-837)、瑞喹莫德(R-848))。通过TLR9起作用的佐剂包括病毒或细菌起源的DNA,或合成的寡脱氧核苷酸(ODN),例如CpG ODN。另一佐剂类型是包含分子的硫代磷酸酯例如硫代磷酸酯核苷酸类似物和包含硫代磷酸酯骨架键合的核酸。
增效剂
一种增效剂指试剂,例如分子(如,一种小的有机分子)、肽、蛋白(如,抗体或抗原),或可增强或增加治疗化合物或组合物治疗疾病的效果的试剂。与治疗化合物或组合物一起使用的增效剂的类型取决于要治疗的特定疾病。增效剂包括,但不限于,抗癌剂、免疫刺激剂、癌抗原、抗-感染剂、抗-病毒剂,和抗-真菌剂。例如,本文描述的用于治疗癌(如,宫颈癌或实体瘤癌)的、包含含有HPV肽(如,E6和/或E7)的囊泡(如,ICMV)的组合物可作为增效剂与抗癌剂组合使用。PD-1抑制剂特别地从术语“增效剂”的定义中排除。
抗原
抗原可以是,但不限于癌抗原、自我或自身免疫抗原、微生物抗原、过敏原,或环境抗原。抗原在性质上可以是肽、脂质,或碳水化合物,但不限于此。在一些实施方案中,抗原不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。在一些实施方案中,抗原包括内部半胱氨酸,其是位于抗原的内部区域的半胱氨酸。抗原的内部区域不包含氨基末端的10个氨基酸(即,在氨基酸位置1-10)和羧基末端的10个氨基酸((即,在氨基酸(n-10)至n,其中n表示抗原中的氨基酸残基的数量)。抗原的内部区域包括氨基酸11至氨基酸n-11,其中n表示抗原中的氨基酸残基的数量。在一些实施方案中,抗原是如本文描述的HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽)。
HPV肽:如本文所用的,HPV肽指人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)结构或其突变体(如,突变体HPV肽)内的任何蛋白(如,全长蛋白或其片段)。突变体HPV肽指具有相对于野生型HPV肽序列(如,SEQ ID NOs:1-4的任何一个的序列)的至少一个(如,2、3、4、5、6、7个等,如,2-6个)氨基酸取代的HPV肽。组成HPV的结构的蛋白是E1、E2、E4、E5、E6、E7、L1和L2。结构蛋白的每一个的序列可以是不同的,这取决于特异性HPV基因型。已鉴定超过150个HPV基因型。12个HPV基因型(HPV-16、-18、-31、-33、-35、-39、-45、-51、-52、-56、-58,和-59)被分类为“对人致癌的”。HPV-68被分类为“很可能致癌的”。其它HPV基因型(例如HPV-67、-73、-82、-66、-53,和-70)被分类为“可能致癌的”。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV基因型16(HPV-16)或18(HPV-18)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV E6蛋白或HPV E7蛋白。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白(如,HPV肽是全长、野生型HPV-16 E6蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白(如,HPV肽是全长、野生型HPV-16E7蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白(如,HPV肽是全长、野生型HPV-18 E6蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白(如,HPV肽是全长、野生型HPV-18 E7蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。全长、野生型HPV-16 E6、HPV-16 E7、HPV-18 E6,和HPV-18 E7肽的序列,及其突变体(如,突变体HPV肽)在以下SEQ ID NOs:1-9中示出。
HPV肽的片段指具有从约20个氨基酸至HPV蛋白全长的长度的肽(如,具有SEQ IDNOs:1-9的任何一个的序列的野生型或突变体HPV肽)。例如,为一个片段的HPV肽可包含20个氨基酸-158个氨基酸(如,20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120、125、130、135、140、145、150、155,或158个氨基酸)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽可以是HPV E6和E7肽的融合蛋白的片段(如,具有SEQ ID NO:10的序列的融合蛋白片段)。为HPV E6和E7肽的融合蛋白的片段(如,具有SEQ ID NO:10的序列的融合蛋白片段)的HPV肽可包含20个氨基酸至全长融合蛋白(如,在SEQ ID NO:10中的256个氨基酸)(如,20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120、125、130、135、140、145、150、155、160、165、170、175、180、185、190、195、200、205、210、215、220、225、230、235、240、245、250、255,或256个氨基酸)。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽其全长可具有相对于野生型HPV蛋白或包含2个不同HPV蛋白的融合蛋白的序列的至少80%(如,80%、82%、85%、87%、90%、92%、95%、97%、99%,或100%)的氨基酸序列同一性。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽其全长可具有相对于SEQ ID NOs:1-10的任何一个序列的至少80%(如,80%、82%、85%、87%、90%、92%、95%、97%、99%,或100%)的氨基酸序列同一性。
在一些实施方案中,具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡包括一或多个突变体HPV肽(如,具有SEQ ID NOs:5-9的序列的突变体HPV肽),其中一或多个突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
在一些实施方案中,具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡包括一种或多种第一突变体HPV肽和一种或多种第二突变体HPV肽,其中第一突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第一个脂质,其中第二突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的第二个脂质,且其中第一和第二突变体HPV肽是不同的。第一个和/或第二突变体HPV肽可具有SEQ ID NOs:5-9的任何一个的序列。
在一些实施方案中,具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡包括一种或多种HPV肽(如,具有SEQ ID NOs:1-9的任何一个序列的野生型或突变体HPV肽),其中一种或多种HPV肽的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质,且其中缀合不包括半胱氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡包括一种或多种HPV肽(如,具有SEQ ID NOs:1-9的任何一个序列的野生型或突变体HPV肽),其中一种或多种HPV肽的至少一个分子缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质,且其中缀合不包括在HPV肽的氨基和/或羧基末端的10个之内(包括在9,8,7,6,5,4,3,或2个之内)的氨基酸残基的半胱氨酸或在HPV肽的氨基和/或羧基末端的半胱氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,HPV肽包含HPV E6肽和HPV E7肽的融合蛋白。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白或HPV-18 E6蛋白(如,HPV E6肽是全长、野生型HPV-16 E6或HPV-18 E6蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。在一些实施方案中,在融合蛋白中的HPV E7肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白或HPV-18 E7蛋白(如,HPV E7肽是全长、野生型HPV-16 E7或HPV-18 E7蛋白或其突变体和/或片段)。HPV-16 E6肽和HPV-16 E7肽的融合蛋白序列的实例在以下SEQ ID NO:10中示出。
SEQ ID NO:1:野生型、全长HPV-16 E6肽
1-60 MHQKRTAMFQ DPQERPRKLP QLCTELQTTI HDIILECVYC KQQLLRREVYDFAFRDLCIV
61-120 YRDGNPYAVC DKCLKFYSKI SEYRHYCYSL YGTTLEQQYN KPLCDLLIRCINCQKPLCPE
121-158 EKQRHLDKKQRFHNIRGRWT GRCMSCCRSS RTRRETQL
SEQ ID NO:2:野生型、全长HPV-16 E7肽
1-60 MHGDTPTLHE YMLDLQPETT DLYCYEQLND SSEEEDEIDG PAGQAEPDRAHYNIVTFCCK
61-98 CDSTLRLCVQ STHVDIRTLE DLLMGTLGIV CPICSQKP
SEQ ID NO:3:野生型、全长HPV-18 E6肽
1-60 LPDLCTELNT SLQDIEITCV YCKTVLELTE VFEFAFKDLF VVYRDSIPHAACHKCIDFYS
61-120 RIRELRYYSD SVYGDTLEKL TNTGLYNLLI RCLRCQKPLN PAEKLRHLNEKRRFHKIAGH
121-145 YRGQCHSCCN RARQERLQRR RETQV
SEQ ID NO:4:野生型、全长HPV-18 E7肽
1-60 MYGPKATLQD IVLHLEPQNE IPVDLLCHEQ LSDSEEENDE IDGVNHQHLPARRAEPQRHT
61-120 MLCMCCKCEA RIELVVESSA DDLRAFQQLF LSTLSFVCPW CASQQ
SEQ ID NO:5:突变体,全长HPV-16 E6肽
1-60 MHQKRTAMFQ DPQERPRKLP QLCTELQTTI HDIILECVYC KQQLLRREVYDFAFRDLCIV
61-120 YRDGNPYAVG DKCLKFYSKI SEYRHYCYSL YGTTLEQQYN KPLCDLLIRCINGQKPLCPE
121-158 EKQRHLDKKQ RFHNGRGRWT GRCMSCCRSS RTRRETQL
SEQ ID NO:6:突变体,全长HPV-16 E7肽
1-60 MHGDTPTLHE YMLDLQPETT DLYGYGQLND SSEEEDEIDG PAGQAEPDRAHYNIVTFCCK
61-98 CDSTLRLCVQ STHVDIRTLE DLLMGTLGIV CPICSQKP
SEQ ID NO:7:突变体,全长HPV-18 E6肽_1
1-60 LPDLCTELNT SLQDIEITCV YCKTVLELTE VFEFAFKDLF VVYRDSIPHAAGHKCIDFYS
61-120 RIRELRYYSD SVYGDTLEKL TNTGLYNLLI RCLRGQKPLN PAEKLRHLNEKRRFHKGAGH
121-145 YRGQCHSCCN RARQERLQRR RETQV
SEQ ID NO:8:突变体,全长HPV-18 E6肽_2
1-60 MARFEDPTRR PYKLPDLCTE LNTSLQDIEI TCVYCKTVLE LTEVFEFAFKDLFVVYRDSI
61-120 PHAAGHKCID FYSRIRELRH YSDSVYGDTL EKLTNTGLYN LLIRCLRGQKPLNPAEKLRH
121-145 LNEKRRFHNG AGHYRGOCHS CCNRARQERL QRRRETQV
SEQ ID NO:9:突变体,全长HPV-18 E7肽
1-60 MHGPKATLQD IVLHLEPQNE IPVDLLGHGQ LSDSEEENDE IDGVNHQHLPARRAEPQRHT
61-105 MLCMCCKCEA RIKLVVESSA DDLRAFQQLF LNTLSFVCPW CASQQ
SEQ ID NO:10:HPV-16 E6肽(SEQ ID NO:1)和HPV-16 E7肽(SEQ ID NO:2)的融合蛋白
1-60 MHQKRTAMFQ DPQERPRKLP QLCTELQTTI HDIILECVYC KQQLLRREVYDFAFRDLCIV
61-105 YRDGNPYAVC DKCLKFYSKI SEYRHYCYSL YGTTLEQQYN KPLCDLLIRCINCQKPLCPE
121-180 EKQRHLDKKQ RFHNIRGRWT GRCMSCCRSS RTRRETQLMH GDTPTLHEYMLDLQPETTDL
181-240 YCYEQLNDSS EEEDEIDGPA GQAEPDRAHY NIVTFCCKCD STLRLCVQSTHVDIRTLEDL
241-256 LMGTLGIVCP ICSQKP
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种HPV肽,和PD-1抑制剂(如,野生型或突变体HPV E6和/或E7肽(如,SEQ ID NOs:1-10的任何一种)和抗-PD-1抗体)。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种HPV肽(如,具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列或2的野生型HPV肽)。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-CTLA抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-PD-1抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-PD-L1抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和环磷酰胺。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-PD-1抗体,和环磷酰胺。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)抑制剂1-甲基色氨酸。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和单磷酰脂质A。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和增效剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和TLR-4激动剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和TLR-7激动剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-CD40抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含:具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列的HPV肽,和具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列的HPV肽,和抗-PD-1抗体,和AMD3100。
癌抗原:癌抗原是被癌细胞优先表达的抗原(即,它在癌细胞中以比非-癌细胞中更高的水平表达),并且在一些情况下它只由癌细胞表达。癌抗原可在癌细胞内或在癌细胞的表面上表达。癌抗原可以是MART-1/Melan-A、gp100、腺苷脱氨酶-缀合蛋白(ADAbp)、FAP、亲环蛋白b(eyelophilin b)、结肠直肠相关抗原(CRC)-0017-1A/GA733、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CAP-1、CAP-2、etv6、AML1、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSA-1、PSA-2、PSA-3、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、T细胞受体/CD3-ζ链,和CD20。癌抗原可选自MAGE-A1、MAGE-A2、MAGE-A3、MAGE-A4、MAGE-A5、MAGE-A6、MAGE-A7、MAGE-A8、MAGE-A9、MAGE-A10、MAGE-A11、MAGE-A12、MAGE-Xp2(MAGE-B2)、MAGE-Xp3(MAGE-B3)、MAGE-Xp4(MAGE-B4)、MAGE-C1、MAGE-C2、MAGE-C3、MAGE-C4,和MAGE-05。癌抗原可选自GAGE-1、GAGE-2、GAGE-3、GAGE-4、GAGE-5、GAGE-6、GAGE-7、GAGE-8,和GAGE-9。癌抗原可选自BAGE、RAGE、LAGE-1、NAG、GnT-V、MUM-1、CDK4、酪氨酸酶、p53、粘蛋白(MUC)家族的成员(如,MUC1)、HER2/neu、p21ras、RCAS1、α-胎蛋白、E-钙粘蛋白、α-连环蛋白(catenin)、β-连环蛋白、γ-连环蛋白、p120ctn、gp100.sup、Pmell17、PRAME、NY-ESO-1、cdc27、腺瘤息肉病杆菌蛋白(adenomatous polyposis coli protein)(APC)、胞衬蛋白(fodrin)、连接蛋白37(Connexin 37)、Ig-独特型、p15、gp75、GM2神经节苷脂、GD2神经节苷脂、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)蛋白或肽(如,如上所述的HPV肽)、肿瘤抗原的Smad家族、lmp-1、P1A、EBV-编码的核抗原(EBNA)-1、脑糖原磷酸化酶、SSX-1、SSX-2(HOM-MEL-40)、SSX-1、SSX-4、SSX-5、SCP-1和CT-7、CD20,和c-erbB-2。在一些实施方案中,癌抗原可与癌性肿瘤相关(即,肿瘤-相关抗原)。肿瘤-相关抗原通常与特殊类型的肿瘤相关,例如淋巴瘤、癌、肉瘤,或黑素瘤。肿瘤-相关抗原可引起针对肿瘤的细胞和/或体液免疫反应。肿瘤-相关抗原的例子是如本文描述的HPV肽,特别是HPV-16 E6或E7肽或HPV-18 E6或E7肽。在一些实施方案中,HPV肽可以是HPV E6和E7肽的融合蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括具有脂质双层之间的交联和包括一种或多种癌抗原的多层脂质囊泡(如,ICMV)。在一些实施方案中,多层脂质囊泡中的癌抗原不是如在美国专利公布号US2012/0177724,如在8页,[0091],8-30行中定义的携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。在某些实施方案中,癌抗原可以是gp100、NY-ESO-1、粘蛋白(MUC)家族的成员(如,MUC1),或可选自MAGE-A1、MAGE-A2、MAGE-A3、MAGE-A4、MAGE-A5、MAGE-A6、MAGE-A7、MAGE-A8、MAGE-A9、MAGE-A10、MAGE-A11、MAGE-A12、MAGE-Xp2(MAGE-B2)、MAGE-Xp3(MAGE-B3)、MAGE-Xp4(MAGE-B4)、MAGE-C1、MAGE-C2、MAGE-C3、MAGE-C4,和MAGE-05。
在某些实施方案中,癌抗原可以是威尔姆氏瘤抗原1(WT1)、MUC1、LMP2(来自厄泼斯坦-巴尔病毒的潜伏膜蛋白2)、EGFRvIII、Her2/neu、独特型抗原(见例如,Weng et al.,J.Clin Oncol.22:4717-24,2004)、MAGE-A3、非-突变体p53、NY-ESO-1、PSMA(前列腺特异性膜抗原)、GD2、CEA(癌胚抗原)、MelanA/MART1、Ras突变体、gp100、突变体p53、蛋白酶3(PR1)、BCR-Ab1断裂点(见例如,Maslak et al.,Leukemia 22:1613-6,2008)、酪氨酸酶、存活蛋白、PSA(前列腺-特异性抗原)、hTERT(人端粒酶)、肉瘤易位断裂点(见例如,Mackallet al.,Clin Cancer Res.14:4850-8,2008)、EphA2、PAP(前列腺酸性磷酸酶)、ML-IAP(ML-细胞凋亡抑制剂)、AFP(甲胎蛋白)、EpCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子)、ERG(TMPRSS2ETS融合基因)、NA17、PAX3(配对框3)、雄激素受体、细胞周期蛋白B1、多聚唾液酸、MYCN(N-myc)、RhoC、TRP-2(酪氨酸酶-相关蛋白2)、GD3、岩藻糖基GM1、间皮素、PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原)、MAGE-A1、CYP1B1(细胞色素P4501B1)、PLAC1(胎盘-特异性1)、GM3、BORIS(印记位点调节因子样蛋白)、Tn(通过糖苷键连接于丝氨酸或苏氨酸的N-乙酰半乳糖胺)、GloboH、ETV6-AML、NY-BR-1、RGS5(G蛋白信号转导调节因子5)、SART3(T细胞3识别的鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原)、STn(唾液酸化Tn抗原)、碳酸酐酶IX、PAX5(配对框5)、OY-TES1、精子蛋白17、LCK(p56形式)、HMWMAA(高分子量黑素瘤相关抗原)、AKAP-4(A-激酶锚定蛋白4)、SSX2(滑膜肉瘤断裂点基因2)、XAGE1(x抗原1)、B7H3、Legumain、Tie 2、Page4、VEGFR2(血管内皮生长因子受体2)、MAD-CT-1(黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-1)、FAP(成纤维细胞活化蛋白)、PDGFR-b(血小板-衍生生长因子受体-b)、MAD-CT-2(黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-2),或Fos-相关抗原1。
微生物抗原:微生物抗原是衍生自微生物物种例如但不限于细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫和分枝杆菌菌种的抗原。同样,微生物抗原包括细菌抗原、病毒抗原、真菌抗原、寄生虫抗原,和分枝杆菌抗原。细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫和分枝杆菌物种的例子在此提供。微生物抗原可以是微生物物种的部分或它可以是整个微生物。
过敏原
过敏原是可诱导受试者的过敏或哮喘应答的物质。过敏原包括但不限于花粉、昆虫毒液、动物皮屑尘埃、真菌孢子和试剂(如,青霉素)。天然的、动物和植物过敏原的例子包括但不限于对下列属特异性的蛋白:犬属(家犬(Canis familiaris));尘螨属(如,粉尘螨(Dermatophagoides farinae));猫属(家猫(Felis domesticus));豚草属(豚草(Ambrosiaartemiisfolia));黑麦草属(如,黑麦草(Lolium perenne)或多花黑麦草(Loliummultiflorum));柳杉属(日本柳杉(Cryptomeria japomca));链格孢属(链格孢(Alternaria alternata));赤杨属(Alder);桤木属(欧洲桤木(Alnus gultinoasa));桦木属(垂枝桦(Betula verrucosa));白橡属(美洲白橡(Quercus alba));齐墩果属(齐墩果欧罗巴(Olea europa));蒿属(黄金艾蒿(Artemisia vulgaris));车前属(如,长叶车前(Plantago lanceolata));墙草属(如,药用墙草(Parietaria officinalis)或欧蓍草(Parietaria judaica));小蠊属(如,德国小蠊(Blattella germanica));黑麦草属(Apis)(如,多花黑麦草(Apis multiflorum));柏木属(如,地中海柏木(Cupressussempervirens)、绿干柏(Cupressus arizonica)和大果柏(Cupressus macrocarpa));刺柏属(如,Juniperus sabinoides,弗吉尼亚刺柏(Juniperus virgmiana)、欧洲刺柏(Juniperus communis)和德州雪松(Juniperus ashei));崖柏属(如,加拿大侧柏(Thuyaorientalis));扁柏属(如,日本扁柏(Chamaecyparis obtusa));大蠊属(如,美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana));冰草属(如,匍匐冰草(Agropyron repens));黑麦属(如,黑麦(Secale cereale));小麦属(如,普通小麦(Triticum aestivum));鸭茅属(如,鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata));狐茅属(如,高狐茅(Festuca elatior));早熟禾(如,草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)或加拿大早熟禾(Poa compressa));燕麦属(如,燕麦属(Avenasativa));绒毛草属(如,绒毛草(Holcus lanatus));黄花茅属(如,黄花茅(Anthoxanthumodoratum));燕麦草属(如,燕麦草(Arrhenatherum elatius));剪股颖属(如,小糠草(Agrostis alba));梯牧草属(如,岷山猫尾草(Phleum pratense));虉草属(如,虉草(Phalaris arundinacea));雀稗属(如,雀稗(Paspalum notatum));高粱属(如,假高粱(Sorghum halepensis));和雀麦属(如,无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis))。
抗-癌剂
如本文所用的,抗-癌剂是至少部分地抑制癌症的发生或发展的试剂,包括抑制与癌症相关的全部或部分症状,即使只是短期的。几种抗-癌剂可分类为DNA损伤剂和这些包括拓扑异构酶抑制剂(如,依托泊苷、喜树碱(ramptothecin)、托泊替康、替尼泊苷、米托蒽醌)、DNA烷基化试剂(如,顺铂、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮介(chorambucil)、白消安、塞替派、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、卡铂、达卡巴嗪、丙卡巴肼)、DNA链断裂诱导剂(如,博来霉素、多柔比星、柔红霉素、伊达比星、丝裂霉素C)、抗-微管试剂(如,长春新碱、长春碱)、抗-代谢试剂(如,阿糖胞苷、甲氨蝶呤、羟基脲、5-氟尿嘧啶、氟尿苷、6-硫鸟嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、氟达拉滨、喷司他丁、氯脱氧腺苷)、蒽环类试剂、长春花生物碱,或表鬼臼毒素。
抗-癌剂的例子包含但不限于阿西维辛(Acivicin);阿柔比星;阿考达唑盐酸盐(Acodazole Hydrochloride);阿克罗宁(Acronine);阿多来新;阿地白介素;六甲蜜胺;安波霉素(Ambomycin);阿美蒽醌乙酸盐(Ametantrone Acetate);氨鲁米特;安吖啶;阿那曲唑;安曲霉素;天冬酰胺酶;曲林菌素(Asperlin);阿扎胞苷;阿扎替派(Azetepa);阿佐霉素(Azotomycin);巴马司他(Batimastat);苯佐替派;比卡鲁胺;比生群盐酸盐;二甲磺酸双奈法德(Bisnafide Di甲磺酸盐);比折来新;硫酸博来霉素;硼替佐米(VELCADE);布喹那钠;溴匹立明;白消安;放线菌素(Cactinomycin);卡芦睾酮(Calusterone);卡醋胺(Caracemide);卡贝替姆(Carbetimer);卡铂(一种含铂的疗法);卡莫司汀;卡柔比星盐酸盐(Carubicin Hydrochloride);卡折来新;西地芬戈(Cedefingol);苯丁酸氮芥;西罗霉素(Cirolemycin);顺铂(一种含铂的疗法);克拉屈滨;Crisnatol甲磺酸;环磷酰胺;阿糖胞苷;达卡巴嗪;放线菌素;柔红霉素;地西他滨;右奥马铂(Dexormaplatin);地扎胍宁(Dezaguanine);地吖醌(Diaziquone);多西他赛(TAXOTERE);多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;屈他雄酮(Dromostanolone);达佐霉素(Duazomycin);依达曲沙(Edatrexate);依氟鸟氨酸;依沙芦星;恩洛铂(Enloplatin);恩普氨酯(Enpromate);依匹哌啶(Epipropidine);表柔比星;厄布洛唑(Erbulozole);厄洛替尼(TARCEVA),依索比星;雌莫司汀;依他硝唑(Etanidazole);依托泊苷;艾托卜宁(Etoprine);法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;氟尿苷;氟达拉滨;5-氟尿嘧啶;氟西他滨;磷喹酮(Fosquidone);福司曲星(Fostriecin);吉非替尼(IRESSA)、吉西他滨;羟基脲;伊达比星;异环磷酰胺;伊莫福新;甲磺酸伊马替尼(GLEEVAC);干扰素α-2a;干扰素α-2b;干扰素α-n1;干扰素α-n3;干扰素β-Ia;干扰素γ-Ib;异丙铂;伊立替康;兰瑞肽(Lanreotide);来那度胺(REVLIMID、REVIMID);来曲唑;亮丙立德;利阿唑;Lometerxol;洛莫司汀;洛索蒽醌;马索罗酚(Masoprocol);美坦生(Maytansine);氮芥;甲地孕酮;美仑孕酮(Melengestrol);美法仑;美诺立尔;巯基嘌呤;密都锭;氯苯氨啶(Metoprine);美妥替哌;米丁度胺(Mitindomide);Mitocarcin;米托核毒素(Mitocromin);米格列奈;米托马星(Mitomalcin);丝裂霉素;丝裂帕菌素(Mitosper);米托坦;米托蒽醌;麦考酚酸;诺考达唑;诺加霉素(Nogalamycin);奥马铂(Ormaplatin);奥昔舒仑(Oxisuran);紫杉醇;培美曲塞(ALIMTA)、培门冬酶;培利霉素(Peliomycin);喷他霉素(Pentamustine);喷托孟(Pentomone);培洛霉素;培磷酰胺(Perfosfamide);派泊溴烷;哌泊舒凡(Piposulfan);羟乙磺酸吡曲克辛;吡罗蒽醌(Piroxantrone);普卡霉素;普洛美坦(Plomestane);卟吩姆;泊非霉素;泼尼莫司汀;丙卡巴肼;嘌呤霉素(Puromycin);吡唑霉素(Pyrazofurin);利波腺苷(Riboprine);罗谷亚胺(Rogletimide);沙芬戈(Safingol);司莫司汀;辛曲秦(Simtrazene);西托糖苷(Sitogluside);磷乙酰天冬氨酸(Sparfosate);司帕霉素;螺错(Spirogermanium);雷莫司汀;螺铂;链黑菌素(Streptonigrin);链佐星;磺氯苯脲(Sulofenur);他利霉素;坦索罗辛(Tamsulosin);紫杉酚;泰索帝;替可加兰(Tecogalan);替加氟;替洛蒽醌(Teloxantrone);替莫泊芬(Temoporfin);替莫唑胺(TEMODAR);替尼泊苷;替罗昔隆;睾内酯;沙利度胺(THALOMID)及其衍生物;硫咪嘌呤;硫鸟嘌呤;塞替派;噻唑呋林;普拉扎明;托泊替康;托瑞米芬;曲托龙(Trestolone);曲西立滨;三甲曲沙(Trimeterxate);曲普瑞林(Triptorelin);妥布氯唑(Tubulozole);乌拉莫司汀;乌瑞替哌(Uredepa);伐普肽(Vapreotide);维替泊芬(Verteporfin);长春碱;长春新碱;长春地辛;长春匹定(Vinepidine);长春甘酯(Vinglycinate);长春罗新(Vinleurosine);长春瑞滨;长春罗定(Vinrosidin);长春利定(Vinzolidine);伏氯唑;折尼铂(Zeniplatin);净司他丁;佐柔比星。
可以是酶抑制剂的抗-癌剂包括但不限于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白-依赖性激酶(CDK)抑制剂、有丝分裂原-活化蛋白(MAP)激酶抑制剂,或表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂可以是但不限于染料木素(4′,5,7-三羟基异黄酮)、酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂25(3,4,5-三羟基苯基),亚甲基]-丙二腈、除莠霉素A、大豆苷元(4′,7-二羟基异黄酮)、AG-126、反式-1-(3′-羧基-4′-羟基苯基)-2-(2″,5″-二羟基-苯基)乙烷,或HDBA(2-羟基-5-(2,5-二羟基苄基氨基)-2-羟基苯甲酸。CDK抑制剂可以是但不限于p21、p27、p57、p15、p16、p18,或p19。MAP激酶抑制剂可以是但不限于KY12420(C.sub.23H.sub.24O.sub.8)、CNI-1493、PD98059,或4-(4-氟代苯基)-2-(4-甲基亚硫酰基苯基)-5-(4-吡啶基)1H-咪唑。EGFR抑制剂可以是但不限于厄洛替尼(TARCEVA)、吉非替尼(IRESSA)、WH1-P97(喹唑啉衍生物)、LFM-A12(来氟米特代谢产物类似物)、ABX-EGF、拉帕替尼、卡纳替尼、ZD-6474(ZACTIMA)、AEE788,和AG1458。
抗-癌剂可以是血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抑制剂,包括但不限于贝伐单抗(AVASTIN)、雷珠单抗(LUCENTIS)、培加他尼(MACUGEN)、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼(SUTENT)、伐他拉尼、ZD-6474(ZACTIMA)、阿奈可他(anecortave)(RETAANE)、乳酸角鲨胺,和信号素(semaphorin)。
可以是抗体或抗体片段的抗-癌剂包括但不限于抗体或抗体片段,包括但不限于贝伐单抗(AVASTIN)、曲妥珠单抗(HERCEPTIN)、阿仑珠单抗(CAMPATH,适应症为B细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病)、吉姆单抗(MYLOTARG、hP67.6、抗-CD33,适应症为白血病例如急性髓细胞白血病)、利妥昔单抗(RITUXAN)、托西莫单抗(BEXXAR、抗-CD20,适应症为B细胞恶性肿瘤)、MDX-210(同时缀合HER-2/神经鞘致癌基因蛋白产物和针对免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(FcγRI)类型I Fc受体的双特异性抗体)、奥戈伏单抗(OVAREX,适应症为卵巢癌)、依决洛单抗(PANOREX)、达克珠单抗(ZENAPAX)、帕利珠单抗(SYNAGIS,适应症为卵巢呼吸道病症例如RSV感染)、替伊莫单抗(ZEVALIN,适应症为非-霍奇金淋巴瘤)、西妥昔单抗(ERBITUX)、MDX-447、MDX-22、MDX-220(抗-TAG-72)、IOR-05、IOR-T6(抗-CD1)、IOR EGF/R3、西洛果瓦(celogovab)(ONCOSCINT OV103)、依帕珠单抗(LYMPHOCIDE)、pemtumomab(THERAGYN),和Gliomab-H(适应症为脑癌、黑素瘤)。
造血分化试剂
所述试剂可以是刺激造血祖细胞朝向一种或多种谱系分化的试剂。实例包括但不限于IL-3、G-CSF、GM-CSF、M-CSF、血小板生成素、促红细胞生成素、WntSA,和Wnt11A。
造血自我更新试剂
所述试剂可以是刺激造血祖细胞的自我更新的试剂。实例包括但不限于药剂盒配体、GSK3-β抑制剂、与SLF一起的Wnt5A、Notch1活化剂、Lnk抑制剂、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和刺激PGE2途径的试剂包括PGE2、PGI2、亚油酸、13(s)-HODE、LY171883、米德酸(Mead Acid)、二十碳三烯酸、环氧二十碳三烯酸、ONO-259、Cay1039;16,16-二甲基PGE2、19(R)-羟基PGE2、16,16-二甲基PGE2对-(对-乙酰氨基苯甲酰胺基)苯基酯、11-脱氧-16,16-二甲基PGE2,9-脱氧-9-亚甲基-16,16-二甲基PGE2,9-脱氧-9-亚甲基PGE2、布他前列素、硫前列酮、PGE2丝氨酮酰胺、PGE2甲基酯、16-苯基四降三萜(tetranor)PGE2、15(S)-15-甲基PGE2,15(R)-15-甲基PGE2的PGE2受体激动剂;BIO、8-溴-cAMP、弗司扣林、Bapta-AM、芬地林(Fendiline)、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、匹莫齐特、毒毛旋花苷元、毛花洋地黄苷、L-Arg、硝普酸钠、钒酸钠、缓激肽、美贝维林(Mebeverine)、氟氢缩松、阿替洛尔、吲哚洛尔、加波沙朵犬尿、犬尿酸、肼屈嗪、噻苯咪唑、荷包牡丹碱(Bicuclline)、Vesamicol、黄夹次苷(Peruvoside)、丙米嗪、氨磺丙脲、1,5-五亚甲基四唑、4-氨基吡啶、二氮嗪(Diazoxide)、苯磷硫胺、12-甲氧基十二碳烯酸、N-甲酰基-Met-Leu-Phe、加拉碘铵(Gallamine)、IAA 94、氯烯雌醚,及其衍生物。
抗-感染剂
可以是抗-感染剂的试剂包括但不限于抗-菌剂(如,抗-分枝杆菌试剂)、抗-病毒剂、抗-寄生虫试剂,和抗-真菌剂。
抗-菌剂可以是但不限于β-内酰胺抗生素、青霉素(例如天然的青霉素、氨基青霉素、耐青霉素酶青霉素、羧基青霉素、脲基青霉素)、头孢菌素类(第一代、第二代,和第三代头孢菌素类),其它β-内酰胺(例如亚胺培南、单环β-内酰胺类monobactams)、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂、万古霉素、氨基糖苷和大观霉素、四环素、氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、克林霉素、利福平、甲硝唑、多粘菌素、磺胺类试剂和甲氧苄啶,或喹啉类。
其它抗-菌剂可以是但不限于乙酰氨苯砜(Acedapsone);磺胺苯砜钠(Acetosulfone sodium);阿来霉素(Alamecin);阿来西定;阿姆地诺西林(Amdinocillin);阿姆地诺西林双酯(Amdinocillin Pivoxi);阿米环素(Amicycline)、氨氟沙星(Amifloxacin);甲磺酸氨氟沙星(Amifloxacin Mesylate);阿米卡星(Amikacin);硫酸阿米卡星;氨基水杨酸;氨基水杨酸钠;阿莫西林;安福霉素(Amphomycin);氨比西林;氨比西林钠;阿帕西林钠(Apalcillin sodium);安普霉素;门冬托星(Aspartocin);硫酸阿司米星(Astromicin Sulfate);阿维霉素(Avilamycin);阿伏帕星(Avoparcin);阿奇霉素;阿洛西林(Azlocillin);阿洛西林钠;巴氨西林盐酸盐(Bacampicillin Hydrochloride);杆菌肽;杆菌肽亚甲基双水杨酸酯;杆菌肽锌;班伯霉素(Bambermycins);苯沙酸钙(BenzoylpasCalcium);红霉素B;硫酸倍他霉素(Betamicin Sulfate);比阿培南(Biapenem);比尼霉素(Biniramycin);盐酸苯柳胺酯(Biphenamine Hydrochloride);双吡啶硫酮(Bispyrithione Magsulfex);丁布芬;硫酸布替罗星(Butirosin Sulfate);硫酸卷曲霉素(Capreomycin Sulfate);卡巴多司(Carbadox);羧苄青霉素二钠;羧苄青霉素茚满基钠;羧苄青霉素苯基钠;羧苄青霉素钾;卡芦莫南钠(Carumonam sodium);头孢克洛;头孢羟氨苄(Cefadroxil);头孢孟多;头孢孟多酯(Cefamandole Nafate);头孢孟多钠;头孢帕罗(Cefaparole);头孢三嗪;头孢氮氟钠(Cefazaflur sodium);头孢唑林;头孢唑林钠;头孢拉宗(Cefbuperazone);头孢地尼Cefdinir;头孢吡肟(Cefepime);头孢吡肟盐酸盐;头孢替考(Cefetecol);头孢克肟;盐酸头孢甲肟(Cefmenoxime Hydrochloride);头孢美唑(Cefmetazole);头孢美唑钠;头孢尼西一钠(Cefonicid Monosodium);头孢尼西钠;头孢哌酮钠(Cefoperazone sodium);头孢雷特(Ceforanide);头孢噻肟钠;头孢替坦(Cefotetan);头孢替坦二钠;头孢替安盐酸盐;头孢西丁(Cefoxitin);头孢西丁钠;头孢咪唑(Cefpimizole);头孢咪唑钠;头孢匹胺(Cefpiramide);头孢匹胺钠;硫酸头孢匹罗(Cefpirome Sulfate);孢泊肟酯(Cefpodoxime Proxetil);头孢丙烯;头孢沙定(Cefroxadine);头孢磺啶钠(Cefsulodin sodium);头孢他啶(Ceftazidime);头孢布烯(Ceftibuten);头孢唑肟钠(Ceftizoxime sodium);头孢曲松钠;头孢呋辛(Cefuroxime);头孢呋辛酯(Cefuroxime Axetil);头孢呋辛匹伏酯(Cefuroxime Pivoxetil);头孢呋辛钠;头孢乙腈钠(Cephacetrile sodium);头孢氨苄(Cephalexin);头孢氨苄盐酸盐;头孢来星(Cephaloglycin);头孢噻啶(Cephaloridine);头孢噻吩钠(Cephalothin sodium);头孢匹林钠;头孢拉定(Cephradine);西托环素盐酸盐(Cetocycline Hydrochloride);乙酰氯霉素(Cetophenicol);氯霉素;棕榈酸氯霉素;氯霉素泛酸酯复合体;氯霉素琥珀酸钠;氨基苯磷酸氯己定(Chlorhexidine Phosphanilate);氯二甲酚;双硫酸金霉素;金霉素盐酸盐;西诺沙星(Cinoxacin);环丙沙星;环丙沙星盐酸盐;西罗霉素(Cirolemycin);克拉霉素;克林沙星盐酸盐(Clinafloxacin Hydrochloride);克林霉素;克林霉素盐酸盐;棕榈酸盐酸克林霉素;磷酸克林霉素;氯法齐明;苄星邻氯青霉素(Cloxacillin Benzathine);邻氯青霉素钠;氯碘羟喹(Cloxyquin);多粘菌素E甲磺酸钠(Colistimethate sodium);硫酸多粘菌素E;库马霉素(Coumermycin);库马霉素钠;环己西林(Cyclacillin);环丝氨酸(Cycloserine);达福普汀(Dalfopristin);氨苯砜(Dapsone);达托霉素(Daptomycin);地美环素(Demeclocycline);地美环素盐酸盐;去甲环素(Demecycline);地奴真菌素(Denofungin);二氨藜芦啶(Diaveridine);双氯西林(Dicloxacillin);双氯西林钠;硫酸双氢链霉素;双硫氧吡啶(Dipyrithione);地红霉素;多西环素;多西环素钙;多西环素磷酸复合物(Doxycycline Fosfatex);盐酸多西环素(Doxycycline Hyclate);屈克沙星钠(Droxacin sodium);依诺沙星(Enoxacin);依匹西林(Epicillin);盐酸差向四环素(Epitetracycline Hydrochloride);红霉素;醋硬脂酸红霉素;依托红霉素;琥乙红霉素;葡庚糖酸红霉素;乳糖酸红霉素;丙酸红霉素;硬脂酸红霉素;盐酸乙胺丁醇(EthambutolHydrochloride);乙硫异烟胺(Ethionamide);氟罗沙星(Fleroxacin);氟氯西林(Floxacillin);氟氘丙氨酸(Fludalanine);氟甲喹(Flumequine);磷霉素(Fosfomycin);磷霉素氨丁三醇(Fosfomycin Tromethamine);呋莫西林;呋唑氯铵(FurazoliumChloride);酒石酸呋噻咪唑(Furazolium Tartrate);夫西地酸钠(Fusidate Sodium);夫西地酸;硫酸庆大霉素;格洛莫南(Gloximonam);短杆菌肽;卤普罗近(Haloprogin);海他西林(Hetacillin);海他西林钾;海克西定(Hexedine);依巴沙星(Ibafloxacin);亚胺培南;硝酸异康唑(Isoconazole);异帕米星(Isepamicin);异烟肼;交沙霉素(Josamycin);硫酸卡那霉素;吉他霉素;左呋喃他酮(Levofuraltadone);左旋苯氧丙基青霉素钾(Levopropylcillin Potassium);来红霉素(Lexithromycin);林可霉素;林可霉素盐酸盐;洛美沙星(Lomefloxacin);洛美沙星盐酸盐;洛美沙星甲磺酸盐;氯碳头孢(Loracarbef);磺胺米隆;甲氯环素(Meclocycline);磺基水杨酸甲氯环素;巨大霉素磷酸钾(MegalomicinPotassium Phosphate);美喹多司(Mequidox);美罗培南;美他环素;美他环素盐酸盐;乌洛托品(Methenamine);马尿酸乌洛托品;扁桃酸乌洛托品;甲氧西林钠(MethicillinSodium);美替普林(Metioprim);甲硝唑盐酸盐;磷酸甲硝唑;美洛西林(Mezlocillin);美洛西林钠;二甲胺四环素;二甲胺四环素盐酸盐;米林霉素盐酸盐(MirincamycinHydrochloride);莫能菌素;莫能菌素钠;萘夫西林钠(Nafcillin Sodium);萘啶酸钠(Nalidixate Sodium);萘啶酸;那他霉素;暗霉素(Nebramycin);棕榈酸新霉素;硫酸新霉素;十一碳烯酸新霉素;硫酸奈替米星;中性霉素(Neutramycin);硝呋拉定(Nifuradene);硝呋地腙(Nifuraldezone);硝呋太尔(Nifuratel);硝呋隆(Nifuratrone);硝呋达齐(Nifurdazil);硝呋米特(Nifurimide);硝呋吡醇(Nifurpirinol);硝呋奎唑(Nifurquinazol);硝呋噻唑(Nifurthiazole);硝基四环素;硝基呋喃妥因(Nitrofurantoin);硝米特(Nitromide);诺氟沙星;新生霉素,钠(Novobiocin Sodium);氧氟沙星;奥美普林(Ormetoprim);苯唑西林钠;肟莫南(Oximonam);肟莫南钠;噁喹酸(Oxolinic Acid);土霉素,;土霉素,钙;土霉素,盐酸盐;帕地霉素(Paldimycin);对氯苯酚;保洛霉素(Paulomycin);培氟沙星(Pefloxacin);培氟沙星甲磺酸盐;培那西林(Penamecillin);苄星青霉素G;青霉素G钾;普鲁卡因青霉素G;青霉素G钠;青霉素V;苄星青霉素V;哈胺青霉素V;青霉素V钾;戊齐酮钠(Pentizidone sodium);苯基氨基水杨酸酯;哌拉西林钠(Piperacillin sodium);吡苄西林钠(Pirbenicillin sodium);吡地西林钠(Piridicillin sodium);吡地西林盐酸盐(Pirlimycin Hydrochloride);匹氨青霉素盐酸盐(Pivampicillin Hydrochloride);双羟萘酸匹氨青霉素;丙苯酸匹氨青霉素;硫酸多粘菌素B;泊非霉素;普匹卡星(Propikacin);吡嗪酰胺(Pyrazinamide);吡硫翁锌;乙酸喹地卡明(Quindecamine Acetate);奎奴普丁(Quinupristin);甲砜霉素(Racephenicol);雷莫拉宁(Ramoplanin);雷尼霉素(Ranimycin);瑞洛霉素(Relomycin);瑞普米星(Repromicin);利福布汀;利福美坦(Rifametane);利福克昔(Rifamexil);利福米特(Rifamide);利福平;利福喷汀(Rifapentine);利福昔明;罗利环素;硝酸罗利环素;罗沙米星(Rosaramicin);丁酸罗沙米星;丙酸罗沙米星;罗沙米星磷酸钠;硬脂酸罗沙米星;罗索沙新(Rosoxacin);洛克沙砷(Roxarsone);罗红霉素(Roxithromycin);山环素;山费培南钠(Sanfetrinem sodium);沙莫西林(Sarmoxicillin);沙匹西林(Sarpicillin);司可芬净(Scopafungin);西索米星;硫酸西索米星;司帕沙星(Sparfloxacin);大观霉素盐酸盐;螺旋霉素;司他霉素盐酸盐(Stallimycin Hydrochloride);司替霉素(Steffimycin);硫酸链霉素;链异烟肼(Streptonicozid);磺胺苯(Sulfabenz);苯酰磺胺(Sulfabenzamide);乙酰磺胺(Sulfacetamide);乙酰磺胺钠;磺胺西汀(Sulfacytine);磺胺嘧啶(Sulfadiazine);磺胺嘧啶钠;磺胺多辛(Sulfadoxine);磺胺林(Sulfalene);磺胺甲嘧啶(Sulfamerazine);磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(Sulfameter);磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazine);磺胺甲二唑;磺胺甲噁唑;磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(Sulfamonomethoxine);磺胺二甲基噁唑(Sulfamoxole);氨苯磺酸锌(Sulfanilate Zinc);磺胺硝苯(Sulfanitran);柳氮磺吡啶;磺胺异噻唑(Sulfasomizole);磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole);磺酰泽辛;磺胺异噁唑;乙酰磺胺异噁唑;磺胺异噁唑二乙醇胺(Sulfisoxazole Diolamine);磺粘菌素(Sulfomyxin);硫培南(Sulopenem);舒他西林(Sultamicillin);磺氨苄西林钠(Suncillin sodium);酞氨西林盐酸盐(Talampicillin Hydrochloride);替考拉宁;替马沙星盐酸盐(TemafloxacinHydrochloride);替莫西林(Temocillin);四环素;四环素盐酸盐;磷酸四环素复合物;四氧普林(Tetroxoprim);甲砜霉素(Thiamphenicol);苯硫甲青霉素钾(ThiphencillinPotassium);羧噻酚青霉素甲苯酯钠(Ticarcillin Cresyl Sodium);羧噻吩青霉素(Ticarcillin Disodium);羧噻吩青霉素一钠;替克拉酮(Ticlatone);氯化乔多(Tiodonium Chloride);妥布霉素;硫酸妥布霉素;托氟沙星(Tosufloxacin);甲氧苄啶;硫酸甲氧苄啶;三磺嘧啶(Trisulfapyrimidines);醋竹桃霉素(Troleandomycin);硫酸丙大观霉素(Trospectomycin Sulfate);短杆菌素(Tyrothricin);万古霉素;万古霉素盐酸盐;维吉霉素;或佐博霉素(Zorbamycin)。抗-分枝杆菌剂可以是但不限于乙胺丁醇(Myambutol)(盐酸乙胺丁醇)、氨苯砜(Dapsone)(4,4′-二氨基二苯基砜)、Paser颗粒剂(氨基水杨酸颗粒剂)、Priftin(利福喷丁)、吡嗪酰胺(Pyrazinamide,)异烟肼、利福平(Rifampin)、利福平IV、Rifamate(利福平和异烟肼)、Rifater(利福平、异烟肼,和吡嗪酰胺)、硫酸链霉素或Trecator-SC(乙硫异烟胺)。
抗-病毒剂可以是但不限于金刚烷胺(amantidine)和金刚烷乙胺、利巴韦林、阿昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、曲氟胸苷(trifluorothymidine)、更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、retinovir,和干扰素。抗-病毒剂可以是但不限于还包含醋孟南;阿昔洛韦;阿昔洛韦钠;阿德福韦;阿洛夫定;阿韦舒托(Alvircept Sudotox);金刚烷胺盐酸盐;阿拉诺丁(Aranotin);阿立酮(Arildone);阿替韦啶甲磺酸盐(Atevirdine Mesylate);阿夫立定(Avridine);西多福韦;西潘茶碱;阿糖胞苷盐酸盐;地拉韦啶甲磺酸盐;地昔洛韦(Desciclovir);去羟肌苷;二噁沙利(Disoxaril);依度尿苷(Edoxudine);恩韦拉登(Enviradene);恩韦肟(Enviroxime);泛昔洛韦;法莫丁盐酸盐(Famotine Hydrochloride);非西他滨(Fiacitabine);非阿尿苷;磷利酯(Fosarilate);膦甲酸钠;磷乙酸钠钠(Fosfonet Sodium);更昔洛韦;更昔洛韦钠;碘苷;乙氧丁酮醛(Kethoxal);拉米夫定;洛布卡韦;美莫丁盐酸盐(MemotineHydrochloride);美替沙腙(Methisazone);奈韦拉平;泛昔洛韦;吡罗达韦(Pirodavir);利巴韦林;金刚烷乙胺盐酸盐;沙奎那韦甲磺酸盐;索金刚胺盐酸盐(SomantadineHydrochloride);索利夫定(Sorivudine);维司托隆(Statolon);司他夫定;替洛隆盐酸盐(Tilorone Hydrochloride);曲氟尿苷;伐昔洛韦盐酸盐;阿糖腺苷;磷酸阿糖腺苷;阿糖腺苷磷酸钠;韦罗肟(Viroxime);扎西他滨;齐多夫定;净韦肟(Zinviroxime)或整合酶抑制剂。
抗-真菌剂可以是但不限于咪唑和三唑类,多烯大环内酯抗生素,灰黄霉素,两性霉素B,和氟胞嘧啶。抗寄生虫试剂包括重金属,抗疟喹啉类,叶酸拮抗剂、硝基咪唑、苯并咪唑、阿维菌素,吡喹酮预混剂(praxiquantel),鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂,苯酚类(如,硫双二氯酚(bithionol),氯硝柳胺(niclosamide));合成生物碱(如,去氢依米丁(dehydroemetine));哌嗪类(如,乙胺嗪);乙酰苯胺(acetanilide)(如,糠酸二氯尼特(diloxanide furonate));卤代喹啉类(如,双碘喹啉(iodoquinol)(双碘羟喹));硝基呋喃类(如,硝呋莫司(nifurtimox));双脒类(如,戊烷脒);四氢嘧啶(如,双羟萘酸噻嘧啶(pyrantel pamoate));或硫酸萘胺(如,苏拉明)。其它抗-感染剂可以是但不限于二氟沙星盐酸盐(Difloxacin Hydrochloride);溴化十二烷基异喹啉鎓;拉氧头孢钠(MoxalactamDisodium);奥硝唑(Ornidazole);喷替米星(Pentisomicin);沙拉沙星盐酸盐(Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride);HIV和其它逆转录病毒的蛋白酶抑制剂;HIV和其它逆转录病毒的整合酶抑制剂;头孢克洛(CECLOR);阿昔洛韦(ZOVIRAX);诺氟沙星(NOROXIN);头孢西丁(MEFOXIN);头孢呋辛酯(CEFTIN);环丙沙星(Cipro);氨吖啶盐酸盐;苄索氯铵:硫双二氯酚钠(Bithionolate Sodium);溴氯唑酮(Bromchlorenone);过氧化脲(CarbamidePeroxide);苯扎氯铵;西吡氯铵:氯己定盐酸盐;氯碘羟喹(Clioquinol);溴化度米芬(Domiphen Bromide);芬替克洛(Fenticlor);氟氯达唑(F1udazonium Chloride);碱性品红(Fuchsin,Basic);呋喃唑酮;龙胆紫;哈喹诺(Halquinols);六氯酚:过氧化氢;鱼石脂(Ichthammol);咪癸碘(Imidecyl Iodine);碘;异丙醇;醋酸磺胺米隆(MafenideAcetate);汞林钠(Meralein Sodium);氯化亚汞(Mercufenol Chloride);氨化的汞;甲基苄索氯铵;呋喃西林(Nitrofurazone);硝甲酚汞(Nitromersol);奥替尼啶盐酸盐(Octenidine Hydrochloride);奥昔氯生(Oxychlorosene);奥昔氯生钠;对氯苯酚,含樟脑的;高锰酸钾;聚维酮碘;氯化三苯唑(Sepazonium Chloride);硝酸银;磺胺嘧啶银(Sulfadiazine,Silver);三氯异氰尿酸(Symclosene);硫汞苯磺钠(ThimerfonateSodium);硫柳汞;或曲氯新钾(Troclosene Potassium)。
核酸试剂
可递送至根据本发明的受试者的核酸包括天然或非-天然存在的DNA(包括cDNA、基因组DNA、核DNA、线粒体DNA)、RNA(包括mRNA、rRNA、tRNA)、寡核苷酸、三重螺旋形成分子、免疫刺激核酸例如在美国专利号6,194,388中描述的那些(该文献涉及免疫刺激CpG核酸的讲述通过引用缀合到本文中)、用来调节基因表达的小干扰RNA(siRNA)或微RNAs(miRNA)、用来调节基因表达的反义寡核苷酸、适配体、核酶、基因或基因片段、调节序列,包括类似物、衍生物,及其组合。这些核酸可以纯净的形式或与另一个实体复合给予,例如,以促进它们与靶标组织和/或细胞的缀合和/或被靶标组织和/或细胞吸收。
抗-炎症试剂
抗-炎症试剂是减少或消除炎症的试剂。它们包括阿氯芬酸;阿氯米松双丙酸酯(Alclometasone Dipropionate);阿孕奈德(Algestone Acetonide);α淀粉酶;安西法尔(Amcinafal);安西非特(Amcinafide);氨芬酸钠;氨普立糖盐酸盐(AmipriloseHydrochloride);阿那白滞素;阿尼罗酸(Anirolac);阿尼扎芬(Anitrazafen);阿扎丙宗;巴柳氮二钠;苄达酸(Bendazac);苯噁洛芬;盐酸苄达明(Benzydamine Hydrochloride);菠萝蛋白酶(Bromelains);溴哌莫(Broperamole);布地奈德;卡洛芬;环洛芬(Cicloprofen);辛喷他宗;克利洛芬(Cliprofen);丙酸氯倍他索;丁酸氯倍他索;氯吡酸;氯硫卡松丙酸酯(Cloticasone Propionate);醋酸可米松(Cormethasone Acetate);可托多松(Cortodoxone);地夫可特;地奈德;去羟米松;双丙酸地塞米松;双氯芬酸钾;双氯芬酸钠;双醋酸二氟拉松;二氟米酮钠;二氟尼柳;二氟泼尼酯;地弗他酮(Diftalone);二甲亚砜;羟西奈德(Drocinonide);恩甲羟松(Endrysone);恩莫单抗;依诺利康依诺利康钠;依匹唑;依托度酸;依托芬那酯;联苯乙酸(Felbinac);非那莫(Fenamole);芬布芬;芬氯酸(Fenclofenac);苯克洛酸(Fenclorac);苯克洛酸;奋匹帕隆(Fenpipalone);芬替酸;夫拉扎酮(Flazalone);氟扎可特;氟芬那酸;氟咪唑(Flumizol);醋酸氟尼缩松;氟尼辛(Flunixin);氟尼辛葡甲胺(Flunixin Meglumine);福可定丁酯(Fluocortin Butyl);醋酸氟米龙;氟喹宗(Fluquazone);氟比洛芬(Flurbiprofen);氟瑞托芬;丙酸氟替卡松;呋喃洛芬(Furaprofen);呋罗布芬(Furobufen);哈西奈德(Halcinonide);丙酸卤倍他索;醋酸卤泼尼松(Halopredone Acetate);异丁芬酸;布洛芬;布洛芬铝;皮考布洛芬(IbuprofenPiconol);伊洛达普(Ilonidap);吲哚美辛;吲哚美辛钠;吲哚洛芬(Indoprofen);吲哚克索(Indoxole);吲四唑(Intrazole);乙酸异氟泼尼龙(Isoflupredone Acetate);伊索克酸(Isoxepac);伊索昔康(Isoxicam);酮洛芬;洛非咪唑盐酸盐(LofemizoleHydrochloride);劳拉西泮;氯替泼诺碳酸乙酯;甲氯芬那酸钠;甲氯芬那酸;二丁酸甲氯松(Meclorisone Dibutyrate);甲芬那酸;5-氨基水杨酸;美西拉宗(Meseclazone);磺庚甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone Suleptanate);莫尼氟酯(Morniflumate);萘丁美酮;萘普生;萘普生钠;萘普索;尼马宗(Nimazone);奥沙拉秦钠;奥古蛋白;奥帕诺辛(Orpanoxin);噁丙嗪;羟布宗;瑞尼托林盐酸盐;戊聚糖多硫酸钠;甘油保泰松钠(Phenbutazone SodiumGlycerate);吡非尼酮(Pirfenidone);吡罗昔康;肉桂酸吡罗昔康;吡罗昔康乙醇胺(Piroxicam Olamine);吡洛芬(Pirprofen);泼那扎特(Prednazate);普立非酮(Prifelone);普罗度酸(Prodolic acid);普罗喹宗(Proquazone);普罗沙唑(Proxazole);柠檬酸普罗沙唑;利美索龙;氯马扎利(Romazarit);柳胆来司(Salcolex);沙那西定;双水杨酯;Salycilates;盐酸血根碱(Sanguinarium Chloride);司克拉宗(Seclazone);丝美辛(Sermetacin);舒多昔康;舒林酸;舒洛芬;他美辛(Talmetacin);他尼氟酯(Talniflumate);他洛柳酯(Talosalate);特丁非隆;替尼达普;替尼达普钠;替诺昔康;替昔康(Tesicam);替昔米德;四氢甲吲胺(Tetrydamine);硫平酸;替可的松匹伐酯;托美丁;托美丁钠;三氯氟松(Triclonide);三氟米酯(Triflumidate);齐多美辛;糖皮质激素;佐美酸钠。
其它试剂
试剂可以是但不限于肾上腺素能性试剂;肾上腺皮质类固醇;肾上腺皮质抑制剂;抗乙醇中毒药(alcohol deterrent);醛固酮拮抗剂;氨解毒剂(ammonia detoxicant);氨基酸;抗淀粉侧索硬化症试剂(amylotropic lateral sclerosis agent);代谢性试剂;兴奋剂(analeptic);镇痛剂;雄激素;麻醉剂;降食欲剂(anorectic);食欲抑制剂(anorexic);垂体前叶活化剂;垂体前叶抑制剂;驱虫剂;抗痤疮剂(anti-acne agent);抗-肾上腺素药;抗-过敏药;抗-阿米巴试剂;抗-雄激素药;抗-贫血药;抗-心绞痛药;抗-焦虑药;抗-关节炎药;抗-哮喘药包括β-肾上腺素能激动剂、甲基黄嘌呤,肥大细胞稳定剂、抗胆碱能试剂,肾上腺皮质类固醇例如糖皮质激素;抗-动脉粥样硬化剂;抗胆石症药;胆石溶解药(anticholelithogenic);抗胆碱能试剂;抗凝血剂;抗球虫剂(anticoccidal);抗惊厥剂;抗抑郁药;抗糖尿病药;止泻剂;抗利尿药;解毒剂;运动障碍(antidyskinetic);止吐药;抗-癫痫药;抗-雌激素药;抗纤维蛋白溶解药(antifibrinolytic);抗青光眼药;抗出血药;抗血液流变学试剂(antihemorrheologic);抗组胺药;抗高血脂药;抗高血脂蛋白药;抗高血压药;抗低血压药;抗-感染剂;抗-炎药;抗角质化剂(antikeratinizing agent);抗偏头痛药;抗有丝分裂剂;抗真菌剂;止恶心药(antinauseant);抗中性白细胞减少药(antineutropenic;antiobsessional);抗行为强迫症试剂(antiobsessional agent);抗氧化剂;抗帕金森病药;减蠕动剂(antiperistaltic);抗肺囊虫剂(antipneumocystic);抗前列腺肥大试剂;抗原虫药;止痒剂;治牛皮癣试剂;抗精神病试剂;治疗风湿病试剂;抗血吸虫试剂;抗皮脂溢试剂;抑制分泌剂;抗痉挛药;抗血栓形成药;止咳药;抗-溃疡药;抗-尿结石药(anti-urolithic);食欲抑制剂;血葡萄糖调节剂;骨吸收抑制剂;支气管扩张剂;碳酸酐酶抑制剂;心脏镇静剂(cardiac depressant);心脏保护剂;强心剂;心血管试剂;脑缺血试剂;利胆剂;胆碱能试剂;胆碱能受体激动剂;胆碱酯酶复活药;球虫抑制剂;认知佐剂;认知增强剂;结膜炎试剂;造影剂;抑制剂;诊断助剂;利尿剂;多巴胺试剂;杀外寄生虫药;催吐剂;酶抑制剂;雌激素;雌激素受体激动剂;纤维蛋白溶解剂;荧光试剂;氧自由基清除剂;胃酸抑制剂;胃肠蠕动效应剂;老年病试剂(geriatric agent);糖皮质激素;性腺刺激素(gonad-stimulating principle);头发生长兴奋剂;止血剂;草药活性剂;组胺H2受体拮抗剂;激素;降胆固醇药;降糖药;降血脂药;降血压药;HMGCoA还原酶抑制剂;阳痿治疗佐剂;炎性肠病试剂;角质软化剂;LHRH激动剂;肝病试剂;溶黄体素(luteolysin);记忆助剂;心理性能增强剂;矿物质;情绪调节剂;黏液溶解剂;粘膜保护剂;多发性硬化症试剂;散瞳药;减鼻充血剂;安定药;神经肌肉阻断剂;神经保护剂;NMDA拮抗剂;非-激素甾醇衍生物;营养素;催产剂;佩吉特氏病(Paget′s disease)试剂;纤溶酶原激活物;血小板激活因子拮抗剂;血小板聚集抑制剂;中风后和头创伤后试剂;黄体酮;前列腺素;前列腺生长抑制剂;促甲状腺素(prothyrotropin);精神治疗剂;放射性试剂;松弛剂;鼻炎试剂;抗疥螨剂(scabicide);硬化剂;镇静;镇静-催眠药;选择性腺苷A1拮抗剂;螯合剂;5-羟色胺拮抗剂;5-羟色胺抑制剂;5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂;类固醇;兴奋剂;抑制剂;甲状腺激素;甲状腺抑制剂;拟甲状腺试剂(thyromimetic);镇定剂、不稳定心绞痛试剂;促尿酸排泄剂;血管收缩剂;血管舒张剂;外伤药;伤口愈合剂;或黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。
受试者
本发明可如本文期望的在可能从递送试剂获益的几乎任何种类的受试者中实施。在一些实施方案中,受试者是人。受试者也包括动物例如家庭宠物(如,狗、猫、兔、雪貂等)、牲畜或农场动物(如,牛、猪、羊、鸡和其它家禽)、马例如良种马,和实验室动物(如,小鼠、大鼠、兔)。受试者也包括鱼和其它水生动物物种。
被递送试剂的受试者可以是正常的受试者。或者他们可罹患某种病症或可能处于发展某种病症的风险中,所述病症可被诊断出来或从递送一种或多种特定试剂获益。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂不给予接受具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种本文描述的试剂的受试者。在一些实施方案中,接受具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种本文描述的试剂(如,一种或多种HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))的受试者也被给予一种或多种免疫调节剂,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。在一些实施方案中,一些受试者可对未清除的HPV感染测试阳性。
这样的病症包括癌(如,实体瘤癌或非-实体癌例如白血病)、感染(包括局限于体内特定区域或组织的感染)、自身免疫疾病、过敏症或变应性疾病、哮喘和移植排斥反应。
本发明涵盖的用于诊断病症的试验是本领域已知的并且对普通的执业医务人员而言应该是熟悉的。这些实验室试验包括但不限于,内窥镜检查、直接可视化、显微镜分析、依赖培养的试验(例如培养物),和核酸检测试验。这些包括湿固定的、加强染色的显微镜、免疫显微(如,FISH)、杂交显微镜、粒子聚集、酶-联免疫吸附分析、尿液筛查试验、DNA探针杂交,和血清学试验。除了运行上文列出的实验室试验,执业医生一般还将参考完整的历史并进行完整的体格检查。
患有癌症的受试者是具有可检测的癌细胞的受试者。面临发展癌症的风险的受试者是具有高于发展癌症的正常概率的受试者,例如,其对HPV组织试验阳性的受试者。对HPV的试验可使用,如宫颈抹片检查试验(Pap smear test)或HPV DNA试验进行。这些受试者包括,例如,具有已证实与发展癌症的较高可能性相关的遗传异常性的受试者,具有易感癌症的家族倾向性的受试者,暴露于致癌物(即,致癌物)例如烟草、石棉,或其它化学毒素的受试者,和先前曾对癌症进行过治疗并有明显的缓解的受试者。
具有感染的受试者是显示其症状包括但不限于发热、寒战、肌痛、畏光、咽炎、急性淋巴结病、脾肿大、肠胃不适、白细胞增多或白血球减少症的那些,和/或其中传染性病原体或其副产物可被检测的那些受试者。
面临发展感染的风险的受试者是处于暴露于传染性病原体的风险中的受试者。这样的受试者包括那些生活在一个已知这样的病原体存在的地区和这样的感染是常见的区域的受试者。这些受试者也包括那些从事高风险的活动例如合用针头,从事无保护的性行为,日常接触受感染的受试者的样本(如,执业医师)的受试者,经历过手术,包括但不限于腹部手术的人群。
受试者可患有感染或可处于发生感染的风险中,所述感染有例如细菌感染(如,分枝杆菌感染)、病毒感染、真菌感染,或寄生虫感染。在这些实施方案中,囊泡可包括抗-微生物试剂例如抗-菌剂、抗-病毒剂、抗-真菌剂、抗-寄生虫剂,而细胞载体(如,T细胞)可经基因工程改造以产生另一种可用于刺激针对感染,或有效地治疗感染的免疫反应的试剂。
癌症
本发明构思了使用本发明的囊泡给予试剂至患有癌症或面临发展癌症的风险的受试者,所述癌症包括例如实体瘤癌。试剂可以是抗-癌剂,包括化学治疗剂、抗体基治疗剂、激素基治疗剂,和酶抑制剂,和/或它们可以是免疫刺激剂例如抗原(如,癌抗原)和/或佐剂,和/或它们可以是诊断剂(如,显像剂),或本文描述的任何其它试剂。本发明预期本发明的囊泡能够递送较高量的这些试剂(单独或组合)给这些受试者,和/或允许经由缓慢的稳定释放模式使受试者延长的暴露于这些试剂。
所述癌症可以是癌、肉瘤或黑素瘤。肉瘤是发生在骨(骨肉瘤)和软组织(纤维肉瘤)中的罕见的间质肿瘤。肉瘤包括但不限于脂肪肉瘤(包括黏液样脂肪肉瘤和多形脂肪肉瘤)、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、恶性周边神经鞘肿瘤(也称为恶性神经鞘瘤、神经纤维肉瘤,或神经性肉瘤)、尤文氏瘤(Ewing′s tumors)(包括尤文氏骨肉瘤、骨外(即,不是骨)尤文氏肉瘤,和原始神经外胚层肿瘤)、滑膜肉瘤、血管肉瘤、血管瘤瘤(hemangiosarcomas)、淋巴管肉瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤(Kaposi′s sarcoma)、血管内皮瘤、韧带样瘤(也称为进行性纤维瘤病)、隆突皮肤纤维肉瘤(DFSP)、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)、血管周围细胞瘤、恶性间叶瘤(malignant mesenchymoma)、肺泡柔软部位肉瘤(alveolar soft-part sarcoma)、上皮样肉瘤、透明细胞肉瘤、促纤维增生性小细胞肿瘤、胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)(也称为GI间质肉瘤),和软骨肉瘤。黑素瘤是起源于皮肤和其它器官的黑素细胞系统的肿瘤。黑素瘤的例子包括但不限于恶性小痣黑色素瘤黑素瘤(lentigo maligna melanoma)、肤浅传播黑素瘤、结节性黑素瘤,和肢端痣样黑素瘤。癌可以是实体瘤淋巴瘤。实例包括霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin′s lymphoma)、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤,和B细胞淋巴瘤。
癌可以是(不受限制)宫颈癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、头颈癌、口咽癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌、病毒诱发的癌症、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、白血病、肉瘤、癌、基底细胞癌、非-小细胞肺癌、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、红细胞白血病、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、CNS癌、喉癌、小细胞肺癌、非-小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、腺癌、巨细胞(或燕麦细胞)癌、鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、直肠癌、呼吸系统癌、泌尿系统癌、消化系统癌、骨癌、脑癌、结肠直肠癌、结缔组织癌、子宫内膜癌、眼癌、胃癌、上皮内肿瘤、黑素瘤、神经母细胞瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤和横纹肌肉瘤。
为治疗这些癌症的一种或多种,本发明的组合物可包含治疗有效量的囊泡(如,ICMV),其含有给予有需要的患者的试剂。如本文所用的,术语“治疗有效量”指有效实现所需治疗效果的量。特别地,治疗有效量避免不利的副作用。本文描述的实施例和图进一步证明包含E6或E7肽的ICMV(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)在治疗实体瘤小鼠模型中的有效性。
感染
本发明构思了使用本发明的囊泡,给予试剂至患有感染或处于发生感染的风险中的受试者,所述感染有例如细菌感染、病毒感染、真菌感染、寄生虫感染或分枝杆菌感染。所述试剂可以是抗-感染剂包括抗-菌剂,抗-病毒剂,抗-真菌剂,抗-寄生虫试剂,和抗-分枝杆菌试剂),免疫刺激剂例如抗原(如,微生物抗原例如细菌抗原、病毒抗原、真菌抗原、寄生虫抗原,和分枝杆菌抗原)和/或佐剂,诊断剂(如,显像剂),或本文描述的任何其它试剂。本发明预期本发明的囊泡能够递送较高量的这些试剂(单独或组合)给这些受试者,和/或允许经由缓慢的稳定释放模式,使受试者延长的暴露于这些试剂。
细菌感染可以是但不限于大肠杆菌(E.coli)感染、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcal)感染、链球菌(Streptococcal)感染、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)感染、难辨梭状芽胞杆菌(Clostridium difficile)感染、军团菌(Legionella)感染、肺炎球菌(Pneumococcus)感染、嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus)感染、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)感染、肠杆菌(Enterobacter)感染、枸橼酸杆菌(Citrobacter)感染、奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria)感染、志贺氏氏菌(Shigella)感染、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)感染、李斯特氏菌(Listeria)感染、巴斯德氏菌(Pasteurella)感染、链杆菌(Streptobacillus)感染、螺旋菌(Spirillum)感染、梅毒(Treponema)感染、放线菌(Actinomyces)感染、包柔氏螺旋体(Borrelia)感染、棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)感染、诺卡氏菌(Nocardia)感染、加德纳菌(Gardnerella)感染、弯曲杆菌(Campylobacter)感染、螺旋体(Spirochaeta)感染、变形杆菌(Proteus)感染、拟杆菌(Bacteriodes)感染、幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染,或炭疽感染。
分枝杆菌感染可以是但不限于分别由结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)和麻风杆菌(M.leprae species)菌种引起的肺结核或麻风。
病毒感染可以是但不限于单纯疱疹病毒1感染、单纯疱疹病毒2感染、巨细胞病毒感染、甲型肝炎病毒感染、乙型肝炎病毒感染、丙型肝炎病毒感染、人乳头瘤病毒感染、厄泼斯坦巴尔病毒感染、轮状病毒感染、腺病毒感染、流感病毒感染、甲型流感病毒感染、H1N1(猪流感)感染、呼吸道合胞病毒感染、水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染,天花感染、猴痘感染、SARS感染或禽流感感染。
真菌感染可以是但不限于念珠菌病、癣菌病、组织胞浆菌病、芽生菌病、副球孢子菌病(paracoccidioidomycosis)、新型隐球菌病(crytococcosis)、曲霉病、广色霉菌病、足分支菌感染,假性阿利什利菌病(pseudallescheriasis),或花斑癣感染。
寄生虫感染可以是但不限于阿米巴病、鲁兹锥体(Trypanosoma cruzi)感染、肝片吸虫病(Fascioliasis)、利什曼病感染、疟原虫感染,盘尾丝虫病、并殖吸虫病、布氏锥虫(Trypanosoma brucei)感染、肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis)感染、阴道毛滴虫(Trichomonasvaginalis)感染、绦虫(Taenia)感染、膜壳绦虫(Hymenolepsis)感染、棘球绦虫(Echinococcus)感染、血吸虫病(Schistosomiasis)、脑囊尾蚴病(neurocysticercosis)、美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)感染,或鞭虫(Trichuris trichuria)感染。
过敏症和哮喘
本发明构思了给予试剂至患有过敏症或哮喘或处于发生过敏症或哮喘的风险中的受试者。试剂可以是过敏原、免疫刺激剂(包括刺激Th1反应的试剂)、免疫抑制或免疫抑制剂(包括抑制Th2反应的试剂)、抗-炎药、白三烯拮抗剂、IL-4突变蛋白(muteins)、可溶性IL-4受体、抗-IL-4抗体、IL-4拮抗剂、抗-IL-5抗体、可溶性IL-13受体-Fc融合蛋白、抗-IL-9抗体、CCR3拮抗剂、CCR5拮抗剂、VLA-4抑制剂,和IgE的其它下调剂(downregulators)例如但不限于抗-IgE、细胞因子例如Th1细胞因子(例如IL-12和IFN-γ)、类固醇包括皮质类固醇例如泼尼松龙,和/或它们可以是诊断剂(如,显像剂),或本文描述的任何其它试剂。本发明期望本发明的囊泡能够递送较高量的这些试剂(单独或组合)给这些受试者,和/或允许经由缓慢的稳定释放模式使受试者延长的暴露于这些试剂。
过敏症是对过敏原的获得性超敏反应。过敏症包括但不限于湿疹,过敏性鼻炎或鼻炎,花粉热、支气管哮喘,荨麻疹(hives)和食物过敏,和其它特应性病症。过敏通常由针对无害的过敏原的IgE抗体生成而引起。哮喘是特征为炎症、气道狭窄和气道对吸入物质的增加的反应性的呼吸系统疾病。哮喘是频繁的,虽然不是完全与特发性或过敏症状相关。
自身免疫疾病
本发明构思了给予试剂至患有自身免疫疾病或障碍或处于发生自身免疫疾病或障碍的风险中的受试者。试剂可以是免疫抑制或免疫抑制剂包括抑制Th1反应的那些试剂,刺激Th2反应的免疫刺激剂、细胞因子例如IL-4、IL-5和IL-10、抗-炎症试剂,和/或它们可以是诊断剂(如,显像剂),或本文描述的任何其它试剂。本发明期望本发明的囊泡能够递送较高量的这些试剂(单独或组合)给这些受试者,和/或允许经由缓慢的稳定释放模式使受试者延长的暴露于这些试剂。
自身免疫疾病是其中受试者的自身抗体与宿主组织的反应或其中免疫效应子T细胞对内源性自我肽是自身反应性的并导致组织的破坏的一类疾病。因此免疫反应是针对受试者的自身抗原(被称为自我抗原)而安装的。自身免疫疾病通常被认为是Th1偏向的。因此,诱导Th2免疫反应或Th2样细胞因子可以是有益的。
自身免疫疾病包括但不限于类风湿性关节炎、克罗恩氏病、多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自身免疫性脑脊髓炎、重症肌无力(MG)、桥本甲状腺炎、肺出血肾炎综合征、天疱疮(如,寻常天疱疮)、Grave′s疾病,自身免疫性溶血性贫血,自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、伴有抗-胶原蛋白抗体的硬皮病、混合型结缔组织疾病、多肌炎、恶性贫血、特发性阿狄森氏病(idiopathic Addison′s disease)、自身免疫-相关性不孕、肾小球性肾炎(如,新月体性肾小球肾炎、增生性肾小球肾炎)、大疱性类天疱疮、干燥综合征、胰岛素抵抗,和自身免疫糖尿病。
移植疗法
本发明构思了给予试剂至经历细胞或器官移植的受试者。试剂可以是免疫抑制或免疫抑制剂,抗-炎症试剂,和/或它们可以是诊断剂(如,显像剂),或本文描述的任何其它试剂。本发明期望本发明的囊泡能够递送较高量的这些试剂(单独或组合)给这些受试者,和/或允许经由缓慢的稳定释放模式使受试者延长的暴露于这些试剂。
本文提供的组合物和方法也可用来在移植疗法后调节免疫反应。移植的成功往往受限于主体免疫系统对移植的组织的排斥。因此,移植接受者通常受到长时间的免疫抑制,以使得移植的组织存活。本发明构思了递送免疫调节剂,和特别是免疫抑制剂至移植部位,以最大限度地减少移植排斥。因此,本发明构思了对即将经历、正在经历,或已经经历移植的受试者的给药。
以下列表并非旨在穷举,而不过是例举而已。本领域普通技术人员将鉴定适合于使用本发明的方法预防和治疗的每种疾病类型的其它例子。
有效的量、方案、制剂
所述试剂以包含一种或多种缀合的试剂(如,抗原例如全长蛋白抗原)的稳定的MLVs形式,并且以有效的量给予。有效量是试剂足以提供一种医学上所期望的结果的剂量。有效的量将随所需的结果,要治疗或预防的具体病症,待治疗的受试者的年龄和身体状况,病情的严重性,治疗的持续时间,同时或组合治疗(如果有任何治疗的话)的性质,给药的特定途径和卫生人员的知识和技能范围内类似因素而变化。使用最大剂量,即根据合理的医学判断的最高安全剂量通常是优选的。
例如,如果受试者患有肿瘤、有效量可以是减少肿瘤体积或载荷的量(例如通过对肿瘤成像所确定的)。有效量也可通过癌细胞在血或其它体液或组织(如,活组织检查)中的存在和/或频率来评价。如果肿瘤影响组织或器官的正常功能,则有效量可通过测量组织或器官的正常功能来评价。
在一些情况下,有效量是减轻或消除一个或多个,且优选全部症状所需的量。例如,在具有过敏症或经历哮喘发作的受试者中,试剂的有效量可以是减轻或消除与过敏症或哮喘发作相关的症状的量。它们可包括打喷嚏、荨麻疹、鼻塞,和呼吸困难。类似地,在患有感染的受试者中,试剂的有效量可以是减轻或消除与感染相关的症状的量。这些可包括发烧和不适。如果试剂是诊断剂,有效量可以是使得感兴趣的身体区域或细胞可视化的量。如果试剂是抗原,有效量可以是引发针对抗原的免疫反应且优选地提供针对抗原来源的病原体的短期和甚至更优选长期保护的量。应该理解在一些情况下,本发明构思了单次给予试剂,而在一些情况下,本发明构思了多次给予试剂。作为一个例子,抗原可以引发剂量和加强剂量给予,虽然在一些情况下,本发明提供足够递送的抗原(不需要加强剂量),和任选的佐剂.
本发明提供试剂组合物。试剂组合物是包含本发明的囊泡和优选试剂的无菌组合物(优选地在药学上可接受的载体中)。术语″药学上可接受的载体″意指一种或多种适配的固体或液体填充剂、稀释剂或封囊物质,其适合给予本发明期望的人或其它受试者。
术语″载体″表示与囊泡且优选试剂合并以促进给予的天然的或合成的有机或无机成分。试剂组合物的各成分以排除相互作用的方式混合,这种相互作用将大大地削弱它们所需的试剂效率。
合适的缓冲剂包括乙酸和盐(1-2%W/V);柠檬酸和盐(1-3%W/V);硼酸和盐(0.5-2.5%W/V);和磷酸和盐(0.8-2%W/V)。合适的防腐剂包括苯扎氯铵(0.003-0.03%W/V);氯丁醇(0.3-0.9%W/V);磷酸根缓冲盐水(PBS),和对羟基苯甲酸酯(0.01-0.25%W/V)。
除非本文另外说明,可采用各种给药途径。选择的具体模式当然将取决于选择的具体活性剂,待治疗的特定病症和对于治疗效果所需的剂量。一般来说,提供的方法可使用医学上可接受的任何给药模式(意指产生有效水平的所需反应,而不引起临床上不可接受的不利作用的任何模式)实施。一个给药模式是胃肠外途径。术语″胃肠外″包括皮下注射、静脉内、肌内、腹膜内、胸骨内注射或输注技术。其它给药模式包括口服、粘膜、直肠、阴道、舌下、鼻内、气管内、吸入、眼部,和经皮。
对于口服给予,化合物可通过使囊泡与本领域熟知的药学上可接受的载体合并而容易地配制。这样的载体能够使得制剂能够作为片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、液体剂、凝胶剂、糖浆剂、药浆剂、膜片剂、混悬剂等,由待治疗的受试者口服摄入。合适的赋形剂特别是,填充剂例如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇,或山梨醇;纤维素制剂,例如,玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟基丙基甲基-纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠,和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。任选地,口服制剂也可在用于中和内部酸条件的盐水或缓冲液中配制或可无需任何载体给予。
可口服使用的试剂制剂包括由明胶制得的推入配合(push-fit)胶囊,以及由明胶和增塑剂,例如丙三醇或山梨醇制得的软的、密封胶囊。推入配合胶囊可包含悬浮于合适的液体,例如水性溶液、缓冲溶液、脂肪油、液体石蜡,或液体聚乙二醇中的囊泡。此外,可加入稳定剂。用于口服给予的所有制剂应呈现为适合这样的给予的剂型。
对于颊下给药,组合物可采取以常规方式配制的片剂或糖锭剂的形式。
对于经吸入给药,组合物可方便地以呈现从加压包或喷雾器(使用合适的抛射剂,如,二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟代甲烷。二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它合适的气体)喷出的气溶胶形式递送。在加压气溶胶的情况下,剂量单位可通过提供一个递送计量的量的阀确定。
当需要系统递送本发明的组合物时,它们可配制为通过注射,如通过大剂量推注或连续输注用于胃肠外给予。用于注射的制剂可以单位剂型,如以安瓿或以多剂量容器存在。胃肠外试剂制剂包括成分的水性溶液。水性注射混悬剂可包含增加悬浮液粘性的物质,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇,或右旋糖酐。或者,囊泡的悬浮液可被制备为油-基悬浮液。合适的亲脂性溶剂或媒介包括脂肪油例如芝麻油,或合成脂肪酸酯,例如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯。
或者,囊泡可以在使用前用合适的溶媒,如无菌无热原水构成的粉末形式或冷冻形式存在。
组合物也可以直肠或阴道组合物配制,例如栓剂或保留灌肠剂,如包含常规栓剂基质例如可可酯或其它甘油酯。
治疗方法
本发明提供可用来治疗罹患疾病和紊乱,如癌症(如,HPV-阳性癌)和感染(如,HPV感染)的受试者的治疗方法。在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括给予有此需要的受试者治疗有效量的本文描述的组合物(如,包含具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种突变体HPV肽的组合物,其中一种或多种突变体HPV肽的至少一个缀合于多层脂质囊泡的脂质)。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂不给予受试者。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括给予有此需要的受试者治疗有效量的本文描述的组合物和一种或多种本文描述的免疫调节剂,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种突变体HPV肽,和一种或多种免疫调节剂本文描述的,其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,组合物和一种或多种免疫调节剂基本上同时给予。
在一些实施方案中,组合物和一种或多种免疫调节剂分开给予。在一些实施方案中,首先给予所述组合物,接着给予一种或多种免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,首先给予一种或多种免疫调节剂,接着给予所述组合物。
体外应用
本发明还构思了在体外应用例如细胞培养和组织工程,这些应用需要具有一种或多种试剂(例如但不限于细胞生长因子)的稳定的来源或对于这些应用,具有一种或多种试剂(例如但不限于细胞生长因子)的稳定的来源将是更加便利的。
药剂盒
本发明还构思了包含本发明的囊泡的药剂盒。囊泡可包括一种或多种感兴趣的试剂。药剂盒可还包含掺入囊泡的一种或多种感兴趣的试剂。这些药剂盒也可包括书面材料例如使用囊泡的说明书。囊泡可以缓冲液或以冷冻形式,优选地用包含蔗糖的赋形剂提供。
本发明也构思了包含为合成本发明的囊泡所需的各种底物、试剂和催化剂的药剂盒。这样的药剂盒可包括例如脂质例如本文描述的那些,脂质双层例如官能化脂质的官能化成分,一种或多种交联剂例如膜可渗透的交联剂,多价阳离子例如二价阳离子等。这些药剂盒也可包括书面材料例如合成囊泡的用法说明书。药剂盒也可包括感兴趣的试剂。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的药剂盒包含(i)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡和包括一种或多种试剂(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽)),(ii)一种或多种免疫调节剂,和(iii)给予(i)和(ii)至患有疾病(如,癌(如,HPV-阳性癌)、感染(如,HPV感染))的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,且其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的药剂盒包含(i)具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡并包含一种或多种试剂(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽)),和(ii)用于给予(i)与一种或多种免疫调节剂至患有疾病(如,癌(如,HPV-阳性癌)、感染(如,HPV感染))的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,且其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的药剂盒包含(i)一种或多种免疫调节剂,和(ii)用具有脂质双层之间的交联并包含一种或多种试剂(如,HPV肽(如,突变体HPV肽))的多层脂质囊泡给予(i)至患有疾病(如,癌(如,HPV-阳性癌)、感染(如,HPV感染))的受试者的用法说明书,其中试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,且其中免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
本发明通过以下实施例进一步说明,所述实施例决不应该被视为进一步的限制。纵贯本申请引用的所有参考文献(包括著作参考文献、授权的专利、公开的专利申请,和同时待审的专利申请)的全部内容通过引用特别地缀合到本文中。
实施例
实施例1.ICMV与缀合的试剂的合成
材料:
(a)DOPC(5mg/ml在CHCl3中-Avanti Polar Lipids#850375)
(b)MPB(10mg/ml在CHCl3中-Avanti Polar Lipids#870012)
(c)3M-052(0.1mg/ml在CHCl3中)或MPLA/GLA(0.5mg/ml在MeOH中)
(d)(PEG 2k)-SH(100mg/ml在H2O中-Laysan Bio#MPEG-SH-2000)
(e)二硫苏糖醇(150mM在H2O中-Sigma Aldrich#43819)
(f)CaCl2(200mM在H2O中-Fischer Scientific#BP510)
(g)在20mM双-双(三羟甲基)甲基氨基丙烷(bis-Tris-propane)中适当的浓度的试剂,pH 7.0(bTp-Sigma Aldrich#B4679)
(h)特劳特试剂(10mg/ml在bTp中-Thermo Scientific#26101)
程序:
将DOPC(500μL)、MPB(325μL),和任选的佐剂成分在真空下,在闪烁瓶中干燥至少12小时,接着通过于室温下以3000rpm每10分钟涡流10秒钟,经1小时再悬浮于bTp(1mL)中。通过载荷1mL溶液,使脂质/佐剂混合物在微流体LV-1中流态化,弃去产物,然后装载3mL的bTp并收集产物(假定在流化床中的2mL死体积)。在流化脂质/佐剂混合物的同时,于室温下,用40-80摩尔比的特劳特试剂(Traut′s reagent)处理试剂1小时。然后使流态化脂质/佐剂混合物与官能化剂一起于37℃孵育12-24小时。使ICMVs交联并通过加入DTT(20μL)和CaCl2(200μL/mL总体积)密封,并于37℃放置1小时。囊泡通过以21000xg离心过滤5分钟收集,并再悬浮于1mL水中。通过加入PEG-SH(50μL)并于37℃温育1小时使囊泡聚乙二醇化。聚乙二醇化的囊泡通过以21000xg离心过滤5分钟收集,并再悬浮于PBS中,接着通过一个0.2μm的膜挤出9次。
为了长期贮存,部分或所有的囊泡可以21000xg离心5分钟,和再悬浮于PBS+40%山梨醇中。
以上程序中变量的可能的范围和所需范围示于表1中。
表1.ICMV制备的变量范围
参数 | 可能的范围 | 所需范围 |
流化床压力(psi) | 10000-40000 | 25000-35000 |
流化床通过 | 1-4 | 1-2 |
流化床收集体积(ml) | 1-13 | 3-4 |
功能化的时间(h) | 0-6 | 0.5-1.5 |
脂质/蛋白混合时间(h) | 0.5-48 | 6-24 |
交联时间(h) | 0.5-6 | 1-2 |
聚乙二醇化时间(h) | 0.5-6 | 1-3 |
离心速度(xg) | 1000-22000 | 3000-21000 |
离心时间(min) | 1-30 | 5-15 |
山梨醇含量(w/v%) | 1-80 | 35-45 |
挤出通过 | 1-30 | 5-15 |
DTT体积(ul/ml脂质) | 10-100 | 20-30 |
CaCl2体积(ul/ml总) | 100-1000 | 150-300 |
实施例2.试剂官能化的优化
卵清蛋白与不同摩尔当量的特劳特试剂产生不同的官能化比例。游离硫醇的量使用Elman’s分析测定。
材料:
Ellman′s试剂(Pierce);Ellman′s反应缓冲液是0.1M磷酸钠、1mM EDTA,pH 8.0;半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物(Pierce)
方案:
使Ellman’s试剂(4mg)溶于Ellman’s反应缓冲液(1mL)。半胱氨酸标准品和样本按一式三份,以20uL/孔被加入到96孔板中。加入Ellman’s试剂(20μL每孔)和PBS(60μL每孔)并温育15分钟。以412nm的固定波长(参考波长540nm)读出吸光度。结果示于表2。
表2.卵清蛋白的官能化
当用20摩尔当量的特劳特试剂使卵清蛋白官能化时,卵清蛋白的每个分子具有平均0.35个分子的添加硫,而在80摩尔当量时,卵清蛋白的每个分子具有平均1.1个分子的添加硫。
其它的硫醇化试剂已被证明导致不同水平的硫醇化。结果示于表3。
表3.其它硫醇化试剂
官能化剂 | 摩尔当量 | mol SH/mol Ova |
SATA | 10 | 1.89 |
SATA | 50 | 1155 |
SAT-PEG | 10 | 0.54 |
SAT-PEG | 50 | 6.09 |
未发现由硫醇化的显著增加所致的蛋白质封装增加。因而,所需官能化在0.5和2mol SH/mol蛋白之间实现。
实施例3.试剂缀合的最佳化
进行实验以确定增加使得试剂缀合于流态化脂质的时间是否将提高封装效率。结果示于表4。
表4.试剂缀合时间的最优化
样本 | 荧光 | 无背景 | mg/ml | 封装效率 |
1小时 | 7751 | 6701 | 0.387 | 14.1% |
24小时 | 9778 | 8728 | 0.569 | 21.5% |
由于ICMVs上的马来酰亚胺基团与游离硫醇基团的高反应性,含有硫醇的试剂与ICMVs的反应通常限于1小时,但由于大蛋白分子的官能化是慢的,发现提供这种反应的更多的时间,出现蛋白的载荷效率增加达47%。因此,所需封装效率在24小时温育期时达到,使得试剂的缀合增加。
实施例4.流化步骤的最优化
进行实验以确保大多数材料将从流化床回收,而无需大的稀释。结果示于表5。
表5.优化流化
在装载1mL脂质样本后,用3mL缓冲液冲洗流化床,导致大多数材料回收而不用洗涤缓冲液。
实施例5.贮存最优化
当与包含蔗糖、游离PEG,或聚山梨醇酯20(PS-20)的PBS溶液比较时,包含40%山梨醇的那些在溶液中能够随着时间的推移更好地维持粒子大小。这可于4℃经12天的过程通过缺乏聚集或粒径的变化来确定。在随后的研究中,PBS+40%山梨醇维持粒子大小和蛋白载荷经7个月。
实施例6.HPV-16 E6和/或E7肽的DNA质粒构建体克隆到表达载体中
pVEXK His6x-HPV-16 E6和pVEXK His6x-HPV-16 E7
对于编码HPV-16 E6和E7肽的每一个核酸序列,包含5’末端NdeI位点的序列被加入ATG起始密码子的上游。包含3’末端EcoRI位点的序列被加入3’末端TGA翻译终止密码子的下游。然后使用NdeI和EcoRI作为限制性位点,将E6或E7蛋白的核酸序列克隆到pVEXKHis6x表达载体。
pVEXK His6x-HPV-16 E6-E7
对于编码HPV-16 E6-E7融合蛋白的序列,包含5’末端AgeI位点的序列被加入ATG起始密码子的上游。包含3’末端EcoRI位点的序列被加入3’末端TGA翻译终止密码子的下游。使用AgeI和EcoRI作为限制性位点,将E6-E7融合蛋白的核酸序列克隆到pVEXK His6x表达载体中。
实施例7.由E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV诱导的免疫原性
由E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV诱导的免疫原性通过量化IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比来测量。
在0天用50,000 TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的治疗。用在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16 E7(E7-ICMV)和在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16 E6(E6-ICMV),通过皮下注射,或用在PBS中的相同量的未配制的可溶性E7和E6蛋白处理小鼠。
小鼠在注射后1周放血并通过量化IFNγ分泌E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞的百分比测试免疫原性。收集血细胞,然后用E749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11))肽或E648-57(EVYDFAFRDL(SEQ ID NO:12))肽刺激。IFNγ分泌E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞的百分比使用细胞内细胞因子染色分析测量。
图1显示用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV治疗产生IFNγ+CD8+ T细胞的最高百分比。
实施例8.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV治疗小鼠的实体瘤
对包含HPV-16的E6或E7肽的ICMVs(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)测试它们在小鼠模型中治疗实体瘤的效果。在0天用50,000 TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的治疗。用在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16 E7(E7-ICMV)和在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16E6(E6-ICMV),通过皮下注射,或用在PBS中的相同量的未配制的可溶性E7和E6蛋白治疗小鼠。
图2显示使用方程V=Lx W2/2测量的肿瘤体积的量化。只有用在ICMVs中的E6和E7治疗的小鼠显示出强大的肿瘤消退和延长的存活作用。
实施例9.与免疫调节剂组合的ICMV疗法
在0天用50,000 TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的治疗。
图3A和3B显示由E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有选自抗-CTLA-4抗体(aCTLA-4)、抗-PD-1抗体(aPD-1),和抗-PD-L1抗体(aPD-L1)的免疫调节剂)诱导的免疫原性。小鼠用1)在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16 E7(E7-ICMV)+在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16 E6(E6-ICMV)单独(皮下注射),或2)每剂量230μg的抗-CTLA-4抗体(aCTLA-4)、抗-PD-1抗体(aPD-1),或抗-PD-L1抗体(aPD-L1)单独(腹膜内(i.p.)注射),或3)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+aCTLA-4或aPD-1或aPD-L1治疗。
小鼠在注射后1周放血并通过量化IFNγ分泌E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞的百分比测试免疫原性。图3A和3B显示用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+aCTLA-4或aPD-1或aPD-L1的组合治疗胜于用ICMV单一疗法或免疫调节剂单一疗法的治疗并产生IFNγ+CD8+细胞的最高百分比。
图3C显示由ICMV单一疗法(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)和免疫调节剂单一疗法(抗-CTLA-4抗体(aCTLA-4)、抗-PD-1抗体(aPD-1),或抗-PD-L1抗体(aPD-L1))诱导的肿瘤大小的减小。图3C显示使用方程V=L x W2/2测量的肿瘤体积。用ICMV单一疗法(E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV)治疗的小鼠显示出比免疫调节剂单一疗法更强的肿瘤消退作用。
实施例10.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体)治疗小鼠的较大实体瘤
对包含HPV-16的E6或E7肽的ICMVs(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)(伴有和没有抗-PD-1抗体)测试它们在小鼠模型中治疗大实体瘤的效果。用增加的肿瘤负荷(1,000,000 TC-1肿瘤细胞/每只小鼠)接种小鼠的左侧背面。图4显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体的组合在具有较高肿瘤负荷的小鼠中具有比E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV更好的治疗益处。
实施例11.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有免疫调节剂环磷酰胺)治疗小鼠的实体瘤
在0天用50,000 TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的治疗。小鼠用1)10μg E7-ICMV+10μg E6-ICMV单独(皮下注射),或2)环磷酰胺(CPM)单独(50mg/kg/剂量,i.p.注射),或3)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM治疗。
图5显示E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV的治疗益处大于单独的CPM,因为更强的肿瘤消退和延长的存活在E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV治疗组中发现。E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM的组合是最有效的,导致肿瘤的根除和100%的治愈率。
实施例12.ICMV疗法引发长期存活的T-细胞记忆和保护
在0天用TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+环磷酰胺(CPM)治疗。图6显示治疗导致7只小鼠中的6只治愈。为测试长期抗原-特异性记忆T细胞是否存在和这些治愈的小鼠的功能,在第一个剂量后约110天将500k TC1肿瘤细胞注入背部。在再次挑战后,E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+CPM治疗在6只治愈的小鼠中成功地预防肿瘤再生长(100%)(图6)。
实施例13.与环磷酰胺组合的ICMV疗法控制建立的大肿瘤的生长
用TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面,而从60mm3至793mm3的各种尺寸的肿瘤用5个剂量的E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+环磷酰胺(CPM)治疗。图7显示在所有的小鼠中治疗导致肿瘤消退(上图)和延长的存活(下图)。这证实E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM组合的功效。治疗可攻击比文献中报道的TC1肿瘤大得多的肿瘤。
实施例14.与环磷酰胺组合的ICMV疗法治愈舌肿瘤
在0天用50,000TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的舌头。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+环磷酰胺(CPM)(皮下注射)、E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV,或CPM。体重被用作舌头肿瘤大小的一个指标,因为食物摄取与肿瘤大小直接相关。图8A和8B显示,在用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM或E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV治疗的所有小鼠中,治疗分别导致体重增加和延长的存活。图8C显示在接受E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM治疗的小鼠中,肿瘤消退和舌肿瘤消失。结果显示治疗可用治疗背部肿瘤的类似的趋势治疗舌中的肿瘤:E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+CPM可治愈肿瘤,E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV比单用环磷酰胺更有效。这证实由该治疗引发的免疫反应可治疗远离注射部位的肿瘤。
实施例15.与吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)抑制剂组合的ICMV疗法可改进治疗益处
在0天用1,000,000TC-1肿瘤细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面。在第7天开始每周给予3个剂量的治疗。小鼠用1)在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16E7(E7-ICMV)+在ICMVs中的10μg HPV-16E6(E6-ICMV)(皮下注射)或2)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV IDO抑制剂1-甲基色氨酸(通过每日口服管饲8mg)治疗。图9显示使用方程V=Lx W2/2测量的肿瘤体积。用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+IDO抑制剂治疗的小鼠显示比用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV治疗的小鼠更快的肿瘤消退,证实IDO抑制剂可用来提高ICMV疗法的效果。
实施例16.使用E6-ICMV和/或E7-ICMV(伴有和没有佐剂)治疗小鼠的实体瘤
对包含HPV-16的E7肽(E7-ICMV)的ICMV治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果进行测试。将250,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞于0天注入C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背部。在6天和19天,小鼠用封装在ICMV中的HPV E7全蛋白(E7-ICMV)(无佐剂或用单磷酰脂质A(MPLA)作为佐剂)中的剂量免疫。E7-ICMV的每个剂量包含5-10μg的E7蛋白和6-10μg的MPLA。
每周2次监测肿瘤大小。图10显示E7-ICMV免疫的组(E7-ICMV(无佐剂)和E7-MPLAICMV)二者均显示类似的肿瘤消退速率,表明在无佐剂的免疫原组合物中的E7-ICMV,也可引起有效的治疗免疫反应。
按照相同的方案,可对包括HPV-16的E6肽(E6-ICMV)的ICMV(伴有和没有佐剂)测试其治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果。
此外,按照相同的方案,可对包括E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有佐剂)二者的组合疗法测试其治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果。
实施例17.使用E6-ICMV和/或E7-ICMV(伴有和没有增效剂)治疗小鼠的实体瘤
可对与增效剂组合的E6-ICMV或E7-ICMV测试其治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果。增效剂可以是可提高或增加E6-ICMV或E7-ICMV在治疗疾病中的效果的分子(如,小的有机分子)、肽、蛋白(如,抗体或抗原),或试剂。增效剂包括,但不限于,抗癌剂、免疫刺激剂、癌抗原、抗-感染剂,抗-病毒剂,和抗-真菌剂。增效剂的例子已在上文描述。优选地,增效剂是抗体。按照与在实施例16中描述的方案类似的方案,用TC-1肿瘤细胞注射的小鼠可用一或多个剂量的E6-ICMV或E7-ICMV(伴有和没有增效剂)免疫。可在两个治疗组中监测肿瘤大小以比较它们促进肿瘤消退中的效果
按照相同的方案,可对包括E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有增效剂)二者的组合疗法测试其治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果。
实施例18.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV治疗小鼠的实体瘤
包括HPV-16的E6肽(E6-ICMV)和E7-ICMV的ICMV被用于组合疗法,以测试其治疗小鼠实体瘤模型的效果。在0天,将250,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞接种到C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背部。肿瘤注射后,用封装在分离ICMV中的HPV E6和HPV E7蛋白(每剂量5-10μg的各种抗原)的剂量,自第6天开始,每2周、每周,或每3天免疫小鼠。图11显示直至肿瘤植入后30天的肿瘤大小。E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV的组合疗法随着更频繁地给药而更有效地促进肿瘤消退。
实施例19.使用E6-ICMV、E7-ICMV,和肽疫苗治疗小鼠的实体瘤
包括包含HPV-16的E6肽(E6-ICMV)和E7-ICMV的ICMV的组合疗法在治疗实体瘤小鼠模型中与E6和E7肽疫苗进行比较。在0天,将50,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞注入C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背部。在肿瘤注射后第8、15和22天用(1)HPV-16 E6肽+E7肽(各5-10μg)的剂量,(2)E6和E7 CD8表位(各100μg)+50μg R848(瑞喹莫德,一种免疫反应改进剂),(3)E6和E7CD8表位(各100μg)+50μg polyIC,或(4)E6-ICMV+E6-ICMV(各5-10μg,无佐剂)免疫小鼠。监测所有治疗组的肿瘤大小以比较它们促进肿瘤消退的效果。E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV的组合疗法(疗法(4))比使用E6和E7CD8表位(疗法(2)和(3))的两种疗法和使用E6和E7肽疫苗(疗法(1))的一种疗法更有效地促进肿瘤消退。
实施例20.由封装在ICMV中的E7肽(伴有佐剂)诱导的免疫原性
由E7肽诱导的免疫原性通过量化包含四聚体阳性(H2-DbE749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQID NO:11))的四聚体)细胞在小鼠CD8-阳性T细胞中的百分比测量。
小鼠或者在0、28和56天(图12的小图A-C)或者在0和21天(图12的小图D-F)接种疫苗,并在或者第7、35和63天(图12的小图A-C)或者第42天(图12的小图D-F)测量外周血(图12的小图A-C)或脾细胞(图12的小图D-F)中包含四聚体-特异性CD8 T细胞(H2-DbE749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11))的四聚体)。
将10μg可溶性HPV-16 E7与10μg polyIC(图12的小图A)、10μg在ICMVs中的HPV-16E7(E7ICMV)与1μg TLR-4激动剂(图12的小图B),或10μg在ICMVs中的HPV-16 E7(E7 ICMV)与1μg TLR-7激动剂(图12的小图C)给予小鼠。为了比较,来自Vaccine 19:3652-3660,2001的数据被示出(图12的小图D-F)。在0和21天,将200μg TA-CIN(重组HPV-16 L2E6E7融合蛋白疫苗)(A),在0天将200μg TA-CIN和在21天将5x106 TA-CIN-表达牛痘病毒(E),或在0和21天将5x106 TA-CIN-表达牛痘病毒(图12的小图F)给予小鼠。
图12显示包含E7的ICMVs诱导的包含四聚体阳性(H2-DbE749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ IDNO:11))的四聚体)细胞在CD8-阳性T细胞中的最高百分比(与E7或L2E6E7融合蛋白疫苗诱导的百分比比较)。
实施例21.与小肽疫苗接种的肿瘤消退比较
在0天,用(图13的小图A-C)250,000或(图13的小图D-F)50,000TC-1细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面,随时间的推移监测肿瘤体积(cm3)。
小鼠或者未得到治疗(图13的小图A),或者在6、20和34天用5μg HPV-16 E6和5μgHPV-16 E7可溶性蛋白(图13的小图B)或以ICMVs(图13的小图C)免疫。为了比较,将来自Eur.J.Immunol.41:2977-2986,2011的数据示出(图13的小图D-F)。小鼠或者未得到治疗(图13的小图D)或者在8、15和22天用在50μL不完全弗氏佐剂(IFA)中的100μgHPV-16 E749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11)),与5μg GM-CSF和20μg α-CD-40一起(图13的小图E),或用在50μL不完全弗氏佐剂(IFA)中的100μg HPV-16 E749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11)),与5μgGM-CSF、20μg α-CD-40、2.5mg/kg剂量的抗-PD-1抗体一起经静脉内(i.v.)给予,和1mg环磷酰胺(CPM)经腹膜内(i.p.)给予(图13的小图F)来治疗。图13显示使用方程V=Lx W2/2测量的肿瘤体积的量化。用在ICMVs中的E6和E7治疗的小鼠(图13的小图D)似乎具有最小肿瘤体积。
实施例22.对李斯特菌疫苗接种的肿瘤消退比较
在0天,用(图14的A-C)250,000或(图14的D-F)50,000 TC-1细胞接种小鼠的左侧背面并随时间的推移监测肿瘤体积(cm3)。
小鼠或者未得到治疗(图14的A),或者在6、20和34天用5μg HPV-16 E6和5μg HPV-16 E7可溶性蛋白(图14的B)或者以ICMVs(图14的C)免疫。为了比较,将来自JImmunother.Cancer.1:15,2013的数据示出(图14的D-F)。小鼠或者未得到治疗(图14的D)或者在8和15天用5x106个单核细胞增生李斯特菌表达HPV-16 E7或者单独(E)或者与2.5mg/kg,或者与静脉内(i.v.)给予的50μg抗-PD-1抗体(F)一起治疗。图14显示使用方程V=L x W2/2测量的肿瘤体积的量化。用在ICMVs中的E6和E7治疗的小鼠(图14的D)治疗的小鼠似乎具有最小肿瘤体积。
实施例23.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有免疫调节剂抗-CD40抗体)治疗小鼠实体瘤
对包括HPV-16的E6或E7蛋白(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)的ICMVs(伴有和没有抗-CD40抗体)测试它们在小鼠模型中治疗实体瘤的效果。在0天,将50,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞注入C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背面。在6天、13天和20天,用1)200μg抗-CD40抗体(腹膜内(i.p.)注射),2)10μg E7-ICMV+10μg E6-ICMV(皮下注射),或3)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-CD40抗体治疗小鼠。
图15显示使用方程V=L x W2/2测量的肿瘤体积的量化。用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-CD40抗体治疗的小鼠具有最小肿瘤体积。
实施例24.使用E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体和环磷酰胺(CPM))治疗小鼠实体瘤
对包括HPV-16的E6或E7蛋白(E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV)的ICMVs(伴有和没有抗-PD-1抗体和环磷酰胺(CPM))测试它们在小鼠模型中治疗实体瘤的效果。在0天,将50,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞注入C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背面。在6天、13天和20天,小鼠用1)230μg抗-PD-1抗体单独(i.p.注射),2)10μg E7-ICMV+10μg E6-ICMV(皮下注射),3)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体,或4)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+环磷酰胺治疗。在注射ICMVs和抗-PD-1抗体之前1天给予(1mg,i.p.注射)环磷酰胺(CPM)。
图16显示使用方程V=L x W2/2测量的肿瘤体积的量化。用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+环磷酰胺(CPM)治疗的小鼠具有最小的肿瘤体积且在30天100%治愈。
实施例25.由E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有免疫调节剂抗-PD-1抗体和AMD3100)诱导的免疫原性
通过量化IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比测量由E6-ICMV和E7-ICMV(伴有和没有抗-PD-1抗体和AMD3100)诱导的免疫原性。
在0天,将50,000个组织培养-1(TC-1)肿瘤细胞注入C57BL/6小鼠的左侧背面。在6天6和13天,小鼠用1)230μg抗-PD-1抗体(i.p.注射),2)10μg E7-ICMV+10μg F6-ICMV(皮下注射),3)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体,或4)E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+AMD3100治疗。从第6天至19天每日注射AMD3100(25μg,i.p.注射)。
在19天,通过量化IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的百分比测试免疫原性。收集血细胞并用E749-57(RAHYNIVTF(SEQ ID NO:11))肽或E648-57(EVYDFAFRDL(SEQID NO:12))肽刺激。IFNγ分泌的百分比使用细胞内细胞因子染色分析测量。
图17显示用E6-ICMV+E7-ICMV+抗-PD-1抗体+AMD3100的组合治疗产生IFNγ分泌细胞在E6/E7-特异性CD8 T细胞中的最高百分比。
其它实施方案
虽然几个本发明的实施方案已在此进行了描述和说明,本领域普通技术人员将容易地预想用于执行功能和/或获得结果和/或本文描述的一或多个优点的多种其它方法和/或结构,和每个这样的变化和/或修饰被认为是在此描述的本发明的实施方案的范围内。更通常地,本领域技术人员将容易地意识到,本文描述的所有的参数、尺寸、材料,和配置意欲为示例性的,并且实际参数、尺寸、材料,和/或配置将取决于采用的本发明指导的一种或多种应用。本领域技术人员将认识到,或能够使用不超过常规实验确定,在此描述的特定的本发明实施方案的许多等同方案。因此,要理解前述实施方案仅通过举例的方式提出,并且在所附权利要求书及其等价物的范围内的本发明实施方案可无需如特别地描述和要求的来实践。本公开内容的本发明实施方案涉及每个独立的特征、系统、物品、材料、药剂盒,和/或本文描述的方法。此外,两个或更多个这样的特征、系统、物品、材料、药剂盒,和/或方法的任何组合(如果这样的特征、系统、物品、材料、药剂盒,和/或方法并不是相互矛盾的),均包括在本公开内容的本发明范围内。
如本文限定和使用的所有定义,应被理解为控制词典的定义,通过引用缀合的文件中的定义,和/或限定术语的普通意义。
本文公开的所有的参考文献、专利、和专利申请通过参考有关各自引用的主题(其在一些情况下可涵盖所述文件的整体内容)而缀合到本文中。
Claims (136)
1. 一种组合物,其包含:
(a) 具有在脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和
(b) 一种或多种突变体人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)肽;
其中所述一种或多种突变体HPV肽的至少一种缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽具有相对野生型HPV肽序列的至少一个氨基酸取代。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽具有相对野生型HPV肽序列的2-6个氨基酸取代。
4. 权利要求1-3的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自基因型16 (HPV-16)或18 (HPV-18)的HPV。
5. 权利要求1-4的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV E6蛋白或HPVE7蛋白。
6. 权利要求1-5的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白。
7. 权利要求1-5的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白。
8. 权利要求1-5的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。
9. 权利要求1-5的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
10.权利要求1-4的任一项的组合物,其中所述突变体HPV肽包含第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽的融合蛋白。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有相同的基因型。
12.权利要求10的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有不同的基因型。
13.权利要求10或11的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-16肽。
14. 权利要求13的组合物,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6肽或HPV-16 E7肽。
15.权利要求10或11的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-18肽。
16. 权利要求15的组合物,其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6肽或HPV-18 E7肽。
17.权利要求10或12的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽是HPV-16肽和所述第二种HPV肽是HPV-18肽。
18. 权利要求17的组合物,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6或HPV-16 E7肽和其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6或HPV-18 E7肽。
19. 权利要求10-18的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E6肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。
20. 权利要求10-18的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E7肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E7肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
21.一种组合物,其包含:
具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包含一种或多种第一突变体HPV肽,和一种或多种第二突变体HPV肽,
其中至少一种所述第一突变体HPV肽缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的第一脂质,
其中至少一种所述第二突变体HPV肽缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的第二脂质,和
其中所述第一和第二突变体HPV肽是不同的。
22. 权利要求21的组合物,其中所述第一和/或第二种突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16 E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
23. 权利要求6、19和22的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E6蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:1的序列。
24. 权利要求7、20和22的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E7蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:2的序列。
25. 权利要求8、19和22的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-18 E6蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:3的序列。
26. 权利要求9、20和22的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-18 E7蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:4的序列。
27.权利要求1-26的任一项的组合物,其中所述一种或多种突变体HPV肽包含一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽。
28.权利要求27的组合物,其中所述一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽包含硫醇官能化、马来酰亚胺官能化、肼官能化、叠氮化物官能化、炔烃官能化、胺官能化、羧酸官能化、烯烃官能化,和/或四嗪官能化突变体HPV肽。
29.权利要求28的组合物,其中所述一种或多种官能化突变体HPV肽是马来酰亚胺官能化和/或肼官能化的。
30.权利要求1-29的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的突变体HPV肽被封装在囊泡内。
31.权利要求1-29的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的突变体HPV肽被封装在所述囊泡的脂质双层之间。
32.权利要求1-29的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的突变体HPV肽存在于囊泡的外表面上。
33.权利要求1-32的任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含所述一种或多种突变体HPV肽的至少一个分子,该分子不缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
34.权利要求1-33的任一项的组合物,其还包含免疫调节剂。
35.权利要求1-34的任一项的组合物,其还包含佐剂。
36. 一种组合物,其包含:
(a) 具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和
(b) 一种或多种试剂;
其中所述一种或多种试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原;和
其中所述一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的脂质。
37.权利要求36的组合物,其中所述试剂包含内部的半胱氨酸。
38. 一种组合物,其包含:
(a) 具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和
(b) 一种或多种试剂;
其中所述一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于所述多层脂质囊泡的脂质,和
其中所述缀合不包括半胱氨酸。
39. 一种组合物,其包含:
(a) 具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡;和
(b) 一种或多种试剂;
其中所述一种或多种试剂的至少一个分子缀合于亲脂性部分。
40.权利要求39的组合物,其中所述亲脂性部分包含酰基。
41.权利要求36-40的任一项的组合物,其还包含佐剂。
42.权利要求36-41的任一项的组合物,其还包含免疫调节剂。
43.权利要求36-42的任一项的组合物,其中所述试剂是佐剂。
44.权利要求36-42的任一项的组合物,其中所述一种或多种试剂包含一种或多种抗原。
45.权利要求36-42和44的任一项的组合物,其中所述一种或多种试剂包含两种或更多种抗原。
46.权利要求44或45的组合物,其中所述抗原是全长蛋白抗原。
47.权利要求44或45的组合物,其中所述抗原是肽抗原。
48.权利要求44-47的任一项的组合物,其中所述抗原是癌抗原。
49.权利要求48的组合物,其中所述癌抗原是gp100。
50.权利要求48的组合物,其中所述癌抗原是NY-ESO-1。
51.权利要求48的组合物,其中所述癌抗原是粘蛋白(MUC)家族的成员。
52.权利要求48的组合物,其中所述癌抗原是MUC1。
53. 权利要求48的组合物,其中所述癌抗原选自MAGE-A1、MAGE-A2、MAGE-A3、MAGE-A4、MAGE-A5、MAGE-A6、MAGE-A7、MAGE-A8、MAGE-A9、MAGE-A10、MAGE-A11、MAGE-A12、MAGE-Xp2(MAGE-B2)、MAGE-Xp3 (MAGE-B3)、MAGE-Xp4 (MAGE-B4)、MAGE-C1、MAGE-C2、MAGE-C3、MAGE-C4、MAGE-05、WT1 (威尔姆氏瘤抗原1)、MUC1、LMP2 (来自厄泼斯坦-巴尔病毒的潜伏膜蛋白2)、EGFRvIII、Her2/neu、独特型抗原、非-突变体p53、NY-ESO-1、PSMA (前列腺特异性膜抗原)、GD2、CEA (癌胚抗原)、MelanA/MART1、Ras突变体、gp100、突变体p53、蛋白酶3 (PR1)、BCR-Abl断裂点、酪氨酸酶、存活蛋白、PSA (前列腺-特异性抗原)、hTERT (人端粒酶)、肉瘤易位断裂点、EphA2、PAP (前列腺酸性磷酸酶)、ML-IAP (ML-细胞凋亡抑制剂)、AFP (甲胎蛋白)、EpCAM (上皮细胞粘附分子)、ERG (TMPRSS2 ETS融合基因)、NA17、PAX3 (配对框3)、雄激素受体、细胞周期蛋白B1、多聚唾液酸、MYCN (N-myc)、RhoC、TRP-2 (酪氨酸酶-相关蛋白2)、GD3、岩藻糖基GM1、间皮素、PSCA (前列腺干细胞抗原)、CYP1B1 (细胞色素P4501B1)、PLAC1 (胎盘-特异性1)、GM3、BORIS (印记位点调节因子样蛋白)、Tn (通过糖苷键连接于丝氨酸或苏氨酸的N-乙酰半乳糖胺)、GloboH、ETV6-AML、NY-BR-1、RGS5 (G蛋白信号转导调节因子5)、SART3 (T细胞3识别的鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原)、STn (唾液酸化Tn抗原)、碳酸酐酶IX、PAX5 (配对框5)、OY-TES1、精子蛋白17、LCK (p56形式)、HMWMAA (高分子量黑素瘤相关抗原)、AKAP-4 (A-激酶锚定蛋白4)、SSX2 (滑膜肉瘤断裂点基因2)、XAGE1 (x抗原1)、B7H3、Legumain、Tie 2、Page4、VEGFR2 (血管内皮生长因子受体2)、MAD-CT-1 (黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-1)、FAP (成纤维细胞活化蛋白)、PDGFR-b (血小板-衍生生长因子受体-b)、MAD-CT-2 (黑素瘤癌睾丸抗原-2),和Fos-相关抗原1。
54.权利要求36-40的任一项的组合物,其中所述试剂是HPV肽。
55. 权利要求54的组合物,其中所述HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16 E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
56.权利要求54的组合物,其中所述HPV肽包含第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽的融合蛋白。
57.权利要求56的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有相同的基因型。
58.权利要求56的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有不同的基因型。
59.权利要求56或57的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-16肽。
60. 权利要求59的组合物,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6肽或HPV-16 E7肽。
61.权利要求56或57的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-18肽。
62. 权利要求61的组合物,其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6肽或HPV-18 E7肽。
63.权利要求56或58的组合物,其中所述第一种HPV肽是HPV-16肽和所述第二种HPV肽是HPV-18肽。
64. 权利要求63的组合物,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6或HPV-16 E7肽和其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6或HPV-18 E7肽。
65. 权利要求56-64的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E6肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。
66. 权利要求56-64的任一项的组合物,其中所述HPV-16 E7肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E7肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
67.权利要求36-66的任一项的组合物,其中所述一种或多种试剂包含一种或多种官能化剂。
68.权利要求67的组合物,其中所述一种或多种官能化剂包括硫醇官能化、马来酰亚胺官能化、肼官能化、叠氮化物官能化、炔烃官能化、胺官能化、羧酸官能化、烯烃官能化,和/或四嗪官能化剂。
69.权利要求68的组合物,其中所述一种或多种官能化剂是马来酰亚胺官能化和/或肼官能化的。
70.权利要求36-69的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的试剂被封装在囊泡内。
71.权利要求36-69的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的试剂被封装在所述囊泡的脂质双层之间。
72.权利要求36-69的任一项的组合物,其中所述缀合的试剂存在于囊泡的外表面上。
73.权利要求36-72的任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含所述一种或多种试剂的至少一个不缀合于脂质的分子。
74.权利要求1-73的任一项的组合物,其中多层脂质囊泡中的至少两个脂质双层通过头基彼此共价交联,所述头基与共价交联剂反应,在脂质双层之间形成共价交联。
75.权利要求1-74的任一项的组合物,其中所述脂质双层包含阴离子和/或中性脂质。
76.权利要求1-75的任一项的组合物,其中所述脂质双层包含阳离子脂质。
77.权利要求1-76的任一项的组合物,其中所述囊泡包含官能化脂质。
78.权利要求77的组合物,其中所述官能化脂质是马来酰亚胺官能化脂质。
79.权利要求78的组合物,其中所述马来酰亚胺官能化脂质是马来酰亚胺官能化磷酸乙醇胺。
80.权利要求1-79的任一项的组合物,其中所述囊泡包含磷酸胆碱。
81.权利要求1-80的任一项的组合物,其中所述囊泡包含磷酸甘油。
82.权利要求1-81的任一项的组合物,其中所述囊泡包含二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG),和马来酰亚胺官能化脂质。
83.权利要求1-82的任一项的组合物,其中所述囊泡缀合于聚乙二醇。
84.权利要求1-83的任一项的组合物,其还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
85.权利要求1-84的任一项的组合物,其还包含适用于冻干的赋形剂。
86.权利要求85的组合物,其中适用于冻干的赋形剂包含蔗糖。
87.一种方法,其包括给予有需要的受试者治疗有效量的权利要求1-86的任一项的组合物。
88.权利要求87的方法,其中免疫调节剂不给予所述受试者。
89. 一种方法,其包括给予有需要的受试者,1) 治疗有效量的权利要求1-86的任一项的组合物,和2) 一种或多种免疫调节剂,其中所述免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
90. 一种方法,其包括给予有需要的受试者,1) 具有在脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包含一种或多种突变体HPV肽,和2) 一种或多种免疫调节剂,其中所述免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
91.权利要求89或90的方法,其中所述1)和2)基本上同时给予。
92.权利要求89或90的方法,其中所述1)和2)分开给予。
93.权利要求92的方法,其中所述1)首先给予,接着给予2)。
94.权利要求92的方法,其中所述2)首先给予,接着给予1)。
95.权利要求89或90的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自PD-1抑制剂、抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD40抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM)、AMD3100、抗-LAG-3/CD223抗体、抗-B7-H5抗体、抗-OX40抗体、抗-CD28抗体、抗-GITR抗体、抗-4-1BB/CD137抗体、4-1BB配体、抗-BTLA抗体、抗-TIM-3/HAVCR2抗体、抗-KIR抗体、抗-Flt3/CD135抗体、抗-FasL抗体、抗-CD25抗体、GM-CSF、抗-GM-CSF-受体(R)抗体、IL-2、抗-IL-2-R抗体、IL-7、抗-IL-7-R抗体、IL-21、抗-IL-21-R抗体、IL-12、抗-IL-12-R抗体、IL-15、抗-IL-15-R抗体、IL-18、抗-IL-18-R抗体、抗-IDO抗体、伊匹木单抗、克唑替尼、色瑞替尼、塞来考昔、SOCS-1抑制剂、热休克蛋白(HSP)、HSP抑制剂,和抗-半乳凝素-1抗体。
96.权利要求95的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自PD-1抑制剂、抗-GITR抗体、抗-CTLA-4抗体、抗-CD40抗体、环磷酰胺(CPM),和AMD3100。
97.权利要求96的方法,其中所述PD-1抑制剂是抗-PD-1抗体或抗-PD-L1抗体。
98.权利要求87-97的任一项的方法,其中所述受试者患有癌症。
99.权利要求98的方法,其中所述癌症是HPV-阳性。
100.权利要求98或99的方法,其中所述癌症选自宫颈癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、头颈癌、口咽癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌、病毒诱发的癌症、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、白血病、肉瘤、癌、基底细胞癌、非-小细胞肺癌、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、红细胞白血病、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、CNS癌、喉癌、小细胞肺癌、非-小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、腺癌、巨细胞(或燕麦细胞)癌、鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、直肠癌、呼吸系统癌、泌尿系统癌、消化系统癌、骨癌、脑癌、结肠直肠癌、结缔组织癌、子宫内膜癌、眼癌、胃癌、上皮内肿瘤、黑素瘤、神经母细胞瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤和横纹肌肉瘤。
101.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是宫颈癌。
102.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是肛门癌。
103.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是外阴癌。
104.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是头颈癌。
105.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是口咽癌。
106.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是阴茎癌。
107.权利要求100的方法,其中所述癌症是阴道癌。
108.权利要求98-107的任一项的方法,其中所述癌症是实体瘤癌。
109.权利要求87-97的任一项的方法,其中所述受试者患有感染。
110.权利要求109的方法,其中所述感染是HPV感染。
111.权利要求87-110的任一项的方法,其中所述受试者是哺乳动物。
112. 权利要求111的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
113.一种方法,其包括
(a) 使官能化脂质与官能化剂接触,形成包含缀合于所述试剂的所述脂质的脂质体;
(b) 使包含缀合于所述试剂的脂质的所述脂质体与二价阳离子接触,形成融合的脂质体;和
(c) 使所述融合的脂质体与交联剂接触,形成具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,所述囊泡包含缀合于所述试剂的脂质,
其中所述官能化剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原。
114.一种药剂盒,其包含:
(i) 包含一种或多种试剂的具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,
(ii) 一种或多种免疫调节剂,和
(iii) 给予(i)和(ii)至患病的受试者的用法说明书,
其中所述试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和
其中所述免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
115. 一种药剂盒,其包含:
(i) 包含一种或多种试剂的具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡,和
(ii) 给予(i)与一种或多种免疫调节剂至患病的受试者的用法说明书,
其中所述试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和
其中所述免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
116. 一种药剂盒,其包含:
(i) 一种或多种免疫调节剂,和
(ii) 给予(i)与包含一种或多种试剂的具有脂质双层之间的交联的多层脂质囊泡至患病的受试者的用法说明书,
其中所述试剂不是携带末端-半胱氨酸的抗原,和
其中所述免疫调节剂不是CT-011抗体。
117.权利要求114-116的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述试剂是突变体HPV肽。
118. 权利要求117的药剂盒,其中所述突变体HPV肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白、HPV-16 E7蛋白、HPV-18 E6蛋白,或HPV-18 E7蛋白。
119.权利要求117的药剂盒,其中所述突变体HPV肽包含第一种HPV肽和第二种HPV肽的融合蛋白。
120.权利要求119的药剂盒,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有相同的基因型。
121.权利要求119的药剂盒,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽具有不同的基因型。
122.权利要求119或120的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-16肽。
123. 权利要求122的药剂盒,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6肽或HPV-16 E7肽。
124.权利要求119或120的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述第一种HPV肽和所述第二种HPV肽都是HPV-18肽。
125. 权利要求124的药剂盒,其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6肽或HPV-18 E7肽。
126.权利要求119或121的药剂盒,其中所述第一种HPV肽是HPV-16肽和所述第二种HPV肽是HPV-18肽。
127. 权利要求126的药剂盒,其中所述HPV-16肽是HPV-16 E6或HPV-16 E7肽和其中所述HPV-18肽是HPV-18 E6或HPV-18 E7肽。
128. 权利要求119-127的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述HPV-16 E6肽衍生自HPV-16 E6蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E6肽衍生自HPV-18 E6蛋白。
129. 权利要求119-127的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述HPV-16 E7肽衍生自HPV-16 E7蛋白和其中所述HPV-18 E7肽衍生自HPV-18 E7蛋白。
130.权利要求114-129的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述疾病是癌症。
131.权利要求130的药剂盒,其中所述癌症呈HPV-阳性。
132.权利要求130或131的药剂盒,其中所述癌选自宫颈癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、头颈癌、口咽癌、阴茎癌、阴道癌、病毒诱发的癌症、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、白血病、肉瘤、癌、基底细胞癌、非-小细胞肺癌、非-霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病(B-CLL)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、红细胞白血病、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、CNS癌、喉癌、小细胞肺癌、非-小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、腺癌、巨细胞(或燕麦细胞)癌、鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、皮肤癌、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、直肠癌、呼吸系统癌,和泌尿系统癌。
133.权利要求114-129的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述疾病是感染。
134.权利要求133的药剂盒,其中所述感染是HPV感染。
135.权利要求114-134的任一项的药剂盒,其中所述受试者是哺乳动物。
136.权利要求135的药剂盒,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
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PCT/US2015/049819 WO2016040887A2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2015-09-11 | Multilamellar lipid vesicle compositions and methods of use |
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CN112336855A (zh) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-02-09 | 江苏飞阳益科生物科技有限公司 | 一种阳离子脂质体禽流感疫苗及其制备方法 |
CN112740038A (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-04-30 | 合度生物科技有限公司 | 脂质囊泡包覆的磁性微珠及其用途 |
CN113087017A (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种偏钒酸钠纳米球及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN113087017A (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种偏钒酸钠纳米球及其制备方法和应用 |
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US20170246288A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
RU2017112022A (ru) | 2018-10-11 |
WO2016040887A2 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
WO2016040887A3 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
IL251098A0 (en) | 2017-04-30 |
AU2015314763A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3191102A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
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JP2017532373A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
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