CN107828224A - 一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107828224A
CN107828224A CN201711055510.9A CN201711055510A CN107828224A CN 107828224 A CN107828224 A CN 107828224A CN 201711055510 A CN201711055510 A CN 201711055510A CN 107828224 A CN107828224 A CN 107828224A
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bamboo
outer layer
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composite pallet
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史闵新
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Suzhou Fuzhong Plastic Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法，所述复合托盘由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成。所述制备方法为将上述粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材；最后将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。本发明提供的竹木基复合托盘的力学性能优秀，其挠曲率低于2.85%，变形量不大于1.4mm，静载高达3.9吨及以上，可满足更高的应用需求。

Description

一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于托盘材料技术领域，具体涉及一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前物流行业常用的托盘按材质分大致分为：实木托盘、人造板托盘、吹塑或注塑成型塑料托盘、钢制托盘、竹托盘、纸托盘、铝合金托盘、复合材料托盘、钢木托盘等等。其中，木托盘虽然价格相对便宜、维修简单，但其通常不防火、不防水、易受潮、易生虫、易腐烂，若进出口必须须进行熏蒸或热处理，增加额外成本；钢制托盘虽然免熏蒸、结构坚固、承载力高且抗冲击力强，但是自重大、易生锈、易腐蚀、且造价高，应用受限；竹托盘具有免熏蒸、可回收、易维修且防水、防霉、防虫以及强度较高等优点，但是其需要进行表面抛光和边角包边加工处理，增加了额外工序。
随着物流业的快速发展，对托盘的需求量也逐渐攀升，因而人们对于托盘的性能也提出了更高的要求。由此，本发明提供一种新型的竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法，以满足更高的应用需求。
发明内容
为此，本发明提供一种竹木基复合托盘及其制备方法，解决现有技术中至少一种技术问题。
为此，本发明提供一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维32-50份、铁渣3-8份、粉煤灰7-16份、掺镓氧化锌1-4份、镁渣2-6份、氧化铝1-4份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉17-30份、回收木粉11-23份、水处理污泥6-15份、回收塑料母粒3-8份、松香1-6份、硅酸锌1.2-5.4份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯1.8-6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3-7份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5-16份、玻纤1.2-3.5份、石英棉1.3-4份、磷酸二氢铝2.3-5.6份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物2.8-4.4份、苯乙酸3.2-6份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.5-4份。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述中间层的制备步骤为：将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至350-500℃并保温1-3小时，然后升温至780-860℃，保温20-40分钟，随后冷却至400-600℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述外层的制备步骤为：按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在60-80℃下混合30-60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于150-170℃下混炼20-40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，即得。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述粘结剂的制备步骤为：将上述原料混合后在70-85℃的条件下反应30-60分钟，然后冷却至40-60℃，搅拌混合2-4小时，冷却至室温，即得。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维36-48份、铁渣3.4-7.8份、粉煤灰7.5-15.2份、掺镓氧化锌1.6-3.8份、镁渣2.3-5.6份、氧化铝1.2-3.5份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉18-27份、回收木粉12.4-21份、水处理污泥6.2-14.6份、回收塑料母粒3.4-7.8份、松香1.6-5.5份、硅酸锌1.4-5份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯2.1-5.6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3.4-6.8份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5.4-15.8份、玻纤1.6-3.2份、石英棉1.7-3.8份、磷酸二氢铝2.5-5.2份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物3.1-4份、苯乙酸3.4-5.8份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.9-3.2份。
为此，本发明提供竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至350-500℃并保温1-3小时，然后升温至780-860℃，保温20-40分钟，随后冷却至400-600℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在60-80℃下混合30-60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于150-170℃下混炼20-40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在70-85℃的条件下反应30-60分钟，然后冷却至40-60℃，搅拌混合2-4小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述步骤2）中所述热压条件为：热压压力为2-3.2MPa，热压温度为108-135℃。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，其中，所述中间层的厚度为0.2-1mm；所述外层的厚度为0.5-5mm。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的竹木基复合托盘的力学性能优秀，其挠曲率低于2.85%，变形量不大于1.4mm，静载高达3.9吨及以上，可满足更高的应用需求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维32份、铁渣3份、粉煤灰7份、掺镓氧化锌1份、镁渣2份、氧化铝1份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉17份、回收木粉11份、水处理污泥6份、回收塑料母粒3份、松香1份、硅酸锌1.2份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯1.8份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5份、玻纤1.2份、石英棉1.3份、磷酸二氢铝2.3份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物2.8份、苯乙酸3.2份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.5份。
所述竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至350℃并保温1小时，然后升温至780℃，保温40分钟，随后冷却至400℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在60℃下混合30分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于150℃下混炼20分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为2MPa，热压温度为108℃，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在70℃的条件下反应30分钟，然后冷却至40℃，搅拌混合2小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材，所述中间层的厚度为0.2mm；所述外层的厚度为0.5mm；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
实施例2
一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维50份、铁渣8份、粉煤灰16份、掺镓氧化锌4份、镁渣6份、氧化铝4份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉30份、回收木粉23份、水处理污泥15份、回收塑料母粒8份、松香6份、硅酸锌5.4份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚7份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯16份、玻纤3.5份、石英棉4份、磷酸二氢铝5.6份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物4.4份、苯乙酸6份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯4份。
所述竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至500℃并保温3小时，然后升温至860℃，保温20分钟，随后冷却至600℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在80℃下混合60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于170℃下混炼40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为3.2MPa，热压温度为135℃，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在85℃的条件下反应60分钟，然后冷却至60℃，搅拌混合4小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材，所述中间层的厚度为1mm；所述外层的厚度为5mm；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
实施例3
一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维36份、铁渣3.4份、粉煤灰7.5份、掺镓氧化锌1.6份、镁渣2.3份、氧化铝1.2份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉18份、回收木粉12.4份、水处理污泥6.2份、回收塑料母粒3.4份、松香1.6份、硅酸锌1.4份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯2.1份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3.4份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5.4份、玻纤1.6份、石英棉1.7份、磷酸二氢铝2.5份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物3.1份、苯乙酸3.4份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.9份。
所述竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至450℃并保温2小时，然后升温至820℃，保温35分钟，随后冷却至480℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在75℃下混合45分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于165℃下混炼35分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为2.6MPa，热压温度为115℃，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在78℃的条件下反应55分钟，然后冷却至50℃，搅拌混合3小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材，所述中间层的厚度为0.6mm；所述外层的厚度为3.5mm；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
实施例4
一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维48份、铁渣7.8份、粉煤灰15.2份、掺镓氧化锌3.8份、镁渣5.6份、氧化铝3.5份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉27份、回收木粉21份、水处理污泥14.6份、回收塑料母粒7.8份、松香5.5份、硅酸锌5份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯5.6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚6.8份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯15.8份、玻纤3.2份、石英棉3.8份、磷酸二氢铝5.2份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物4份、苯乙酸5.8份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯3.2份。
所述竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至460℃并保温2小时，然后升温至830℃，保温25分钟，随后冷却至550℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在75℃下混合45分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于165℃下混炼30分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为2.6MPa，热压温度为128℃，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在82℃的条件下反应45分钟，然后冷却至55℃，搅拌混合3小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材，所述中间层的厚度为0.8mm；所述外层的厚度为2.5mm；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
实施例5
一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维43份、铁渣5.6份、粉煤灰9.7份、掺镓氧化锌2.4份、镁渣3.6份、氧化铝2.8份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉22份、回收木粉16.5份、水处理污泥9.3份、回收塑料母粒5.8份、松香4.6份、硅酸锌2.2份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯3.7份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚5.2份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯10.3份、玻纤1.9份、石英棉2.4份、磷酸二氢铝3.8份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物3.7份、苯乙酸4.2份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯2.6份。
所述竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至420℃并保温3小时，然后升温至830℃，保温35分钟，随后冷却至550℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在75℃下混合50分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于160℃下混炼35分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为2.8MPa，热压温度为124℃，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在76℃的条件下反应50分钟，然后冷却至48℃，搅拌混合4小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材，所述中间层的厚度为0.7mm；所述外层的厚度为3.5mm；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例2的不同之处在于：所述托盘为单层结构。
本对比例提供的托盘板材由下列重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉30份、回收木粉23份、水处理污泥15份、回收塑料母粒8份、松香6份、硅酸锌5.4份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚7份；
本对比例的托盘的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
（1）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在80℃下混合60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于170℃下混炼40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，其热压条件为：热压压力为3.2MPa，热压温度为135℃，即得托盘板材；
（2）然后将托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即可。
性能测试
对实施例1-5和对比例1所制备的托盘进行各项性能检测，其测试结果为：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 对比例1
挠曲率/% 2.84 2.62 2.55 2.47 2.38 3.43
变形量/mm 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.8
静载/吨 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 3.6
由以上测试结果可知，本发明提供的竹木基复合托盘的力学性能优秀，其挠曲率低于2.85%，变形量不大于1.4mm，静载高达3.9吨及以上，可满足更高的应用需求。

Claims (8)

1.一种竹木基复合托盘，由托盘板材加工而成，其特征在于，所述托盘板材由外层和内置于所述外层的的中间层且两者通过粘结剂拼接而成，其中，
所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维32-50份、铁渣3-8份、粉煤灰7-16份、掺镓氧化锌1-4份、镁渣2-6份、氧化铝1-4份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉17-30份、回收木粉11-23份、水处理污泥6-15份、回收塑料母粒3-8份、松香1-6份、硅酸锌1.2-5.4份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯1.8-6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3-7份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5-16份、玻纤1.2-3.5份、石英棉1.3-4份、磷酸二氢铝2.3-5.6份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物2.8-4.4份、苯乙酸3.2-6份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.5-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的竹木基复合托盘，其特征在于，所述中间层的制备步骤为：将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至350-500℃并保温1-3小时，然后升温至780-860℃，保温20-40分钟，随后冷却至400-600℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的竹木基复合托盘，其特征在于，所述外层的制备步骤为：按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在60-80℃下混合30-60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于150-170℃下混炼20-40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的竹木基复合托盘，其特征在于，所述粘结剂的制备步骤为：将上述原料混合后在70-85℃的条件下反应30-60分钟，然后冷却至40-60℃，搅拌混合2-4小时，冷却至室温，即得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的竹木基复合托盘，其特征在于，所述中间层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹纤维36-48份、铁渣3.4-7.8份、粉煤灰7.5-15.2份、掺镓氧化锌1.6-3.8份、镁渣2.3-5.6份、氧化铝1.2-3.5份；
所述外层由如下重量份的成分制备而成：竹粉18-27份、回收木粉12.4-21份、水处理污泥6.2-14.6份、回收塑料母粒3.4-7.8份、松香1.6-5.5份、硅酸锌1.4-5份、聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯2.1-5.6份、双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚3.4-6.8份；
所述粘结剂由如下重量份的成分制备而成：聚乙烯5.4-15.8份、玻纤1.6-3.2份、石英棉1.7-3.8份、磷酸二氢铝2.5-5.2份、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物3.1-4份、苯乙酸3.4-5.8份、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯1.9-3.2份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任何一项所述的竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备步骤为：
1）将铁渣、镁渣、氧化铝和掺镓氧化锌球磨混合均匀，然后置于石墨化炉中，在惰性气氛中预热至350-500℃并保温1-3小时，然后升温至780-860℃，保温20-40分钟，随后冷却至400-600℃，加入粉煤灰和竹纤维，搅拌混合均匀，急冷，最后轧制成板材，即得中间层；
2）按重量份称取各原料，将竹粉、回收木粉、水处理污泥、硅酸锌和聚异戊二烯接枝马来酸单甲酯在60-80℃下混合30-60分钟，然后投入回收塑料母粒、松香和双（3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基）硫醚，搅拌混合均匀，再于150-170℃下混炼20-40分钟，得到预混料，最后将预混料送入热压机中热压成片材，即得外层；
3）将原料聚乙烯、玻纤、石英棉、磷酸二氢铝、聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物、苯乙酸、1,2亚油酸-3-癸酸甘油酯混合后在70-85℃的条件下反应30-60分钟，然后冷却至40-60℃，搅拌混合2-4小时，冷却至室温，即得粘结剂；
4）将粘结剂涂覆与中间层或/和外层上，然后压制成外层/中间层/外层结构的托盘板材；
5）将上述托盘板材加工成托盘，经冷却、修整和定型工序，即得竹木基复合托盘。
7.根据权利要求6所述的竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2）中所述热压条件为：热压压力为2-3.2MPa，热压温度为108-135℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的竹木基复合托盘的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中间层的厚度为0.2-1mm；所述外层的厚度为0.5-5mm。
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