CN107817339A - 壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物及其构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法 - Google Patents
壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物及其构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品中氯霉素检测领域，具体是制备壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，利用其光催化性质构建比色免疫传感器，实现对氯霉素的检测。首先制作壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，然后将CAP‑BSA/MB依次孵育不同浓度的氯霉素和anti‑CAP‑CS‑AgI/TiO2，然后用水清洗2‑5次，构建成免疫传感器，随后加入ABS缓冲液和四甲基联苯胺TMB溶液，利用氙灯即波长λ ≥ 400的光照射5分钟，通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品中氯霉素检测领域，具体是制备壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，利用其光催化性质构建比色免疫传感器，实现对氯霉素的检测。
背景技术
氯霉素是一种光谱抗生素，虽具有较好的抑菌作用，但是其也会对骨髓造血机能有抑制作用，可引起血小板减少、再生障碍性贫血等 （Miao, Y., Ren, H., Gan, N.,Cao, Y., Li, T., Chen, Y., 2016. Biosens. Bioelectron. 81, 454-459.）。氯霉素尤其在畜牧业中应用最为广泛，同时也会在一些动物性食源产品中造成残留，对人体的健康造成较大的危害。基于抗原-抗体特异性反应的免疫分析法是检测抗生素最为常用的方法，最近几年，多种多样的免疫分析技术被开发利用，如光电免疫分析（Liu, Y., Yan, K.,Okoth, O., Zhang, J., 2015. Biosens. Bioelectron. 74, 1016-1021.），电化学免疫分析（Kim, D., Rahman, M., Do, M., Ban, C., Shim, Y., 2010. Biosens.Bioelectron. 25, 1781-1788.），ELISA（Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Duan, Z.,Wang, S., 2010. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 3265-3270.），表面加强拉曼散射免疫分析（Yang, K., Hu, Y., Dong, N., 2016. Biosens. Bioelectron. 80, 373-377.），比色免疫分析（Abnous, K., Danesh, N., Ramezani, M., Emrani, A., Taghdisi, S., 2016.Biosens. Bioelectron. 78, 80-86.）等等。其中比色分析方法是一种灵敏度和准确度均很高的分析方法，只需裸眼观察就可进行半定量分析，结合紫外可见分光光度计能实现微量甚至痕量检测。由于其价格低廉、设备小型化、操作简便等优点，比色分析方法被广泛应用于环境、医学、食品检测等领域，已成为检测抗生素的有力方法。
天然酶的结构容易发生变化、在生物体内含量很低、储存条件比较苛刻等因素大大限制了其实际应用。由于纳米材料模拟酶对酸、碱、温度具有较好的稳定性且催化活性较高,已成为生命分析化学等相关领域的研究热点之一。纳米材料模拟酶在比色传感、生物传感、降解环境污染物、电化学传感等方面已显示出诱人的应用前景 （Dutta, S., Ray, C.,Mallick, S., Sarkar, S., Sahoo, R., Negishi, Y., Pal, T., 2015. J. Phys.Chem. C. 119, 23790-23800. Qin, W., Su, L., Yang, C., Ma, Y., Zhang, H.,Chen, X., 2014. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 62, 5827-5834. Zhao, H., Dong, Y.,Jiang, P., Wang, G., Zhang, J., 2015. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7, 6451-6461.）。从实际应用的角度考虑,探寻具有高催化活性的、稳定的、可重复利用的模拟酶纳米材料尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明所采用的技术方案是：壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物的制备方法，按照如下的步骤进行：
步骤一、将TiO2纳米颗粒浸泡在AgNO3和壳聚糖的混合溶液中，搅拌2小时，之后加入KI溶液，继续搅拌2小时，将溶液离心清洗，即制得壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，记为CS-AgI/TiO2；
步骤二、将步骤一制备好的CS-AgI/TiO2复合物用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDC和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS活化30分钟，然后加入氯霉素抗体anti-CAP，震荡6-12小时，离心清洗得到氯霉素抗体和CS-AgI/TiO2的结合物，记为anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2；
步骤三、将氨基化的四氧化三铁MB用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDC和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS活化30分钟，然后加入氯霉素-BSA的结合物，震荡6-12小时，磁性分离，得到氯霉素-BSA修饰的磁珠，记为CAP-BSA/MB。
作为一种优选方式：步骤一中TiO2纳米颗粒的量为1-1.8a毫克，AgNO3的量为20-36a毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升，壳聚糖的量为20-36a毫升，质量百分比浓度为0.5 %，KI的量为20-36a毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升；步骤二中CS-AgI/TiO2复合物的量为1-1.8b毫升，EDC的量为15-27b毫克，NHS的量为11-20b毫克，氯霉素抗体anti-CAP的量为500-900b微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升；步骤三中氨基化的四氧化三铁MB的量为c毫升，浓度为1毫克/毫升，EDC的量为15-27c毫克，NHS的量为11-20c毫克，氯霉素-BSA的量为500-900c微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升；a、b、c为正整数。
壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法：将CAP-BSA/MB依次孵育不同浓度的氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2，然后用水清洗2-5次，构建成免疫传感器，随后加入ABS缓冲液和四甲基联苯胺TMB溶液，利用氙灯即波长λ ≥ 400的光照射5分钟，通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度。
作为一种优选方式：ABS缓冲液的量为2-3.6d毫升，pH为4；TMB的量为100-180d微升，浓度为12毫摩尔/升，d为正整数。
作为一种优选方式：依次孵育不同浓度的氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2是指将CAP-BSA/MB依次在氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2的混合液中保持在室温下孵育40 分钟，氯霉素浓度依次为0纳克/毫升、0.05纳克/毫升、0.15纳克/毫升、0.45纳克/毫升、1.35纳克/毫升、4.05纳克/毫升，anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2的浓度每次不变为1毫克/毫升。
作为一种优选方式：通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度是指氯霉素浓度与吸光度成线性相关性，对应的线性方程为y=-0.17941 lg x +0.37998，其中，x是氯霉素的浓度，单位是纳克/毫升，y是检测的吸光度。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明方法制备壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，利用其光催化性能构建比色免疫传感器对氯霉素进行检测。此比色免疫传感器具有较好的灵敏度，并且检测速度快，准确率高，检测氯霉素有较好的专一性。
附图说明
图1是壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图；
图2是壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物X-射线衍射（XRD）图；
图3壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物光催化显色的机理图；
图4是比色免疫传感器的构建示意图；
图5是氯霉素的浓度与TMB吸光度的线性图。
具体实施方式
壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物的制备方法
步骤一、将1-1.8毫克TiO2纳米颗粒浸泡在20-36毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升的AgNO3和壳聚糖的混合溶液中，搅拌2小时，之后加入20-36毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升的KI溶液，继续搅拌2小时，最后将溶液离心清洗，即制得壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物（记为CS-AgI/TiO2），其扫描电镜图和X-射线衍射图如图1和图2所示，同时其光催化显色的机理图如图3所示。
步骤二、将上述制备好的1-1.8毫升CS-AgI/TiO2复合物用15-27毫克1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）和11-20毫克N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（NHS）活化30分钟，然后加入500-900微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升的氯霉素抗体（anti-CAP），震荡过夜，最后离心清洗得到氯霉素抗体和CS-AgI/TiO2的结合物（记为anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2）。
步骤三、将1毫升浓度为1毫克/毫升的氨基化四氧化三铁（MB）用15-27毫克1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）和11-20毫克N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（NHS）活化30分钟，然后加入500-900微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升的氯霉素-BSA的结合物，震荡过夜，最后磁性分离清洗得到氯霉素-BSA修饰的磁珠（记为CAP-BSA/MB）。
利用制备的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色免疫传感器检测氯霉素的方法，示意图如图4所示，将1-1.8毫升CAP-BSA/MB同时孵育0纳克/毫升、0.05纳克/毫升、0.15纳克/毫升、0.45纳克/毫升、1.35纳克/毫升、4.05纳克/毫升的氯霉素（CAP）和1-1.8毫升浓度为1毫克/毫升的anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2混合液，然后用二次水清洗2-5次，构建成免疫传感器，随后加入2-3.6毫升，pH为4的ABS缓冲液和100-180微升，浓度为12毫摩尔/升的四甲基联苯胺（TMB）溶液，利用氙灯（λ ≥ 400）照射5分钟，通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度。
通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度是指，将免疫传感器在氙灯下照射5分钟后，在200-800波长范围内进行紫外光谱扫描，当氯霉素的浓度在0纳克/毫升时，观察到空白缓冲液的紫外吸收峰为0.622，当氯霉素的浓度在0.05纳克/毫升时，得到的紫外吸收峰开始小于0.622，氯霉素的浓度检测范围是0.05纳克/毫升到4.05纳克/毫升，如图5，在此范围内，氯霉素的浓度与紫外吸收成线性相关性，其线性相关系数平方是0.991，对应的线性方程为y=-0.17941 lg x + 0.37998 （R2=0.991, n=15）其中，x是氯霉素的浓度，单位是纳克/毫升，y是紫外吸光度。其最低检测限为0.05纳克/毫升(信噪比为3)，与其它检测方法相比，构建的比色免疫传感器具有较低的检测限和较宽的检测范围（R是线性相关系数，R2是线性相关系数的平方，n代表的是实验次数）。
氯霉素浓度与吸光度的对应关系如下表所示：
| x（纳克/毫升） | 0 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 4.05 |
| y（Abs） | 0.622 | 0.61 | 0.512 | 0.467 | 0.368 | 0.254 |
实际样品分析
用构建的比色免疫传感器检测牛奶中添加的氯霉素，添加的氯霉素浓度分别为0.1纳克/毫升、1纳克/毫升、4纳克/毫升，由线性相关方程y=-0.17941 log(x) + 0.37998计算得到牛奶中的氯霉素的浓度分别为0.11纳克/毫升、9.5纳克/毫升、4.2纳克/毫升，回收率为110%、95%、105%，证明该传感器可以用来检测实际食品样品中的氯霉素浓度。
专一性分析
将制得的比色免疫传感器分别在空白缓冲溶液、10纳克/毫升的不同干扰物质（Ca2+，Mg2+, Zn2+，Fe2+，H2O2，葡萄糖）的缓冲溶液中孵育40分钟后，用二次水充分洗涤，然后检测，构建的比色传感器与上述六种干扰物质作用后，测得的吸光度值与空白组比较（0.62）相差不大（< 2%）。相反，当构建的比色传感器与1纳克/毫升的氯霉素作用时，吸光度值变化显著，为0.33。说明由壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建的比色免疫传感器对检测氯霉素有较好的专一性。
Claims (6)
1.壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物的制备方法，其特征在于按照如下的步骤进行：
步骤一、将TiO2纳米颗粒浸泡在AgNO3和壳聚糖的混合溶液中，搅拌2小时，之后加入KI溶液，继续搅拌2小时，将溶液离心清洗，即制得壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物，记为CS-AgI/TiO2；
步骤二、将步骤一制备好的CS-AgI/TiO2复合物用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDC和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS活化30分钟，然后加入氯霉素抗体anti-CAP，震荡6-12小时，离心清洗得到氯霉素抗体和CS-AgI/TiO2的结合物，记为anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2；
步骤三、将氨基化的四氧化三铁MB用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDC和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺NHS活化30分钟，然后加入氯霉素-BSA的结合物，震荡6-12小时，磁性分离，得到氯霉素-BSA修饰的磁珠，记为CAP-BSA/MB。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一中TiO2纳米颗粒的量为1-1.8a毫克，AgNO3的量为20-36a毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升，壳聚糖的量为20-36a毫升，质量百分比浓度为0.5 %，KI的量为20-36a毫升，浓度为0.1毫摩尔/升；步骤二中CS-AgI/TiO2复合物的量为1-1.8b毫升，EDC的量为15-27b毫克，NHS的量为11-20b毫克，氯霉素抗体anti-CAP的量为500-900b微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升；步骤三中氨基化的四氧化三铁MB的量为c毫升，浓度为1毫克/毫升，EDC的量为15-27c毫克，NHS的量为11-20c毫克，氯霉素-BSA的量为500-900c微升，浓度为1毫克/毫升；a、b、c为正整数。
3.利用权利要求1制备的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法，其特征在于：将CAP-BSA/MB依次孵育不同浓度的氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2，然后用水清洗2-5次，构建成免疫传感器，随后加入ABS缓冲液和四甲基联苯胺TMB溶液，利用氙灯即波长λ ≥ 400的光照射5分钟，通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法，其特征在于：ABS缓冲液的量为2-3.6d毫升，pH为4；TMB的量为100-180d微升，浓度为12毫摩尔/升，d为正整数。
5.根据权利要求3所述的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法，其特征在于：依次孵育不同浓度的氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2是指将CAP-BSA/MB依次在氯霉素和anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2的混合液中保持在室温下孵育40 分钟，氯霉素浓度依次为0纳克/毫升、0.05纳克/毫升、0.15纳克/毫升、0.45纳克/毫升、1.35纳克/毫升、4.05纳克/毫升，anti-CAP-CS-AgI/TiO2的浓度每次不变为1毫克/毫升。
6.根据权利要求3所述的壳聚糖修饰的AgI/TiO2复合物构建比色免疫传感器用于氯霉素检测的方法，其特征在于：通过紫外分光光度计检测TMB的紫外吸收来定量氯霉素的浓度是指氯霉素浓度与吸光度成线性相关性，对应的线性方程为y=-0.17941 lg x + 0.37998，其中，x是氯霉素的浓度，单位是纳克/毫升，y是检测的吸光度。
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