CN107803185B - 一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107803185B
CN107803185B CN201711266306.1A CN201711266306A CN107803185B CN 107803185 B CN107803185 B CN 107803185B CN 201711266306 A CN201711266306 A CN 201711266306A CN 107803185 B CN107803185 B CN 107803185B
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张武
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刘奕伟
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Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法，属于环境功能材料制备技术领域。利用天然海绵状生物质柚子皮内层物为模板构筑复合材料，利用紫外光引发形成聚电解质层，继而发生阳离子交换；高温煅烧后除去生物质模板得到Fe/C磁性复合材料，最后利用硅烷改性得到吸油磁性材料。既能发挥天然生物质海绵结构优势，又能实现磁性粒子便于回收富集等特性，具有应用实施前景。

Description

一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境功能材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法，以天然生物质为模板为制备该类型材料提供了一种新的方法。
背景技术
随着石油开采、海上贸易运输的发展，海洋及水域石油污染问题日益突出，成为海洋及水域环境与生态修复研究工作的持久热点。以物理吸附作用富集油类污染物的高吸油材料是一类很有应用前景的材料。
目前该领域比较引人瞩目的材料包括碳纳米管基体相材料，碳纳米管基“海绵”，聚苯乙烯纤维类材料，石墨烯类气凝胶及海绵态材料，聚甲基倍半硅氧烷类海绵态材料等。构建此类海绵材料，尤其是超轻(低密度)海绵材料，比较关键一点就是构建各级尺度上的多层结构。上述材料虽然都具有某些方面的优异性能，但也都有一些局限与不足，例如制备过程复杂，要求工艺条件苛刻，原料成本高等。
自然界中许多生物质材料是千百万年进化演进而来，其中不乏一些具有特定海绵结构的物质，本专利中采用的柚子皮内层物就是其中一种。以天然海绵态生物质作为模板构建复合材料体系，经过煅烧处理除去生物质模板可以得到类海绵结构，后续的硅烷化改性又可以赋予材料疏水亲油特性，使其具备良好吸油性能。
另外，在各种复合材料中引入磁性粒子实现便捷回收或远距离操作在很多应用领域都有报道，例如基于铁氧化物、铁酸盐的微-纳尺寸磁性吸收材料体系，以无机物(碳、硅、石墨烯及沸石)或有机化合物(大分子、多糖、聚合物及生物分子)为支持物；主要聚焦点集中在磁性水凝胶、干凝胶、气凝胶；此类材料在环境、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用；可用于重金属去除，对油类、染料、有毒有机物、生物分子、药类的分离吸附；同时也可应用于各种催化过程。磁性吸附剂或催化剂一个主要优点就是在吸附或者反应完成后通过简单的磁铁富集就能从反应介质中分离除去。在吸油及环境工程领域，磁性功能材料更有其独特优势，即可在磁作用下前往污染区域，也可在吸油后方便回收。
本发明通过引入天然生物质模板，对聚电解质层离子交换产物高温煅烧形成Fe/C复合材料，构筑磁性海绵体系；既能发挥天然生物质海绵结构优势，又能实现磁性粒子便于回收富集等特性。目前此种通过引入天然生物质模板形成磁性复合材料实现吸油处理后快捷便利回收尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料制备技术。本发明能够有效利用天然生物质结构为模板构筑复合材料，同时利用紫外光引发形成聚电解质层并发生阳离子交换，煅烧后除去生物质模板得到Fe/C磁性材料，最后利用硅烷改性得到吸油磁性海绵材料。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
1)生物质的清洗预处理
将一定量柚子皮内层物切割成1.5cm×1.0cm×0.75cm片状物，于80℃下用100mL5-10wt％K2S2O8水溶液处理4h，然后依次用80℃去离子水清洗2-3遍，异丙醇清洗2-3遍，室温自然干燥。
2)聚电解质层的生成
将丙烯酸配成浓度为0.1-2mol/L的丙酮溶液，加入3w％的二苯甲酮为光引发剂，将清洗处理过的柚子皮内层物浸渍于上述溶液5-100mL中，形成均匀吸附的复合体系，以高压汞灯照射0.5-3h，产物用40℃蒸馏水浸泡24h，洗去微聚合的单体及均聚物，真空干燥1d。
3)阳离子交换并煅烧除去生物质模板
上述产物浸入到0.02mol/L硝酸铁溶液中，进行阳离子交换，室温干燥6h，然后在400℃下煅烧0.5-4h，去除生物质模板，得到Fe/C海绵材料。
4)亲油疏水改性
上述材料浸泡于2w％乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的正己烷溶液中0.5h，然后80℃干燥12h，得到超疏水磁性海绵材料。
本发明制备方法创新引入生物质作为模板，对聚电解质层离子交换产物高温煅烧形成Fe/C复合材料，通过该方法制备的复合材料具有以下特点：
(1)该方法以天然生物质为模板构筑复合材料；
(2)复合材料网络结构中生成磁性单元，使得材料在使用后具有良好的便捷回收特性；
(3)复合材料经过硅烷修饰改性后，结合海绵网络孔道结构具有良好吸油性能和应用前景。
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具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，是对本发明的进一步描述。但具体实施例不限制本发明权利要求。
实施例1：
1)生物质的清洗预处理
将一定量柚子皮内层物切割成1.5cm×1.0cm×0.75cm片状物，于80℃下用100mL5wt％K2S2O8水溶液处理4h，然后依次用80℃去离子水清洗3遍，异丙醇清洗3遍，室温自然干燥。
2)聚电解质层的生成
将丙烯酸配成浓度为0.2mol/L的丙酮溶液，加入3w％的二苯甲酮为光引发剂，将清洗处理过的柚子皮内层物浸渍于上述溶液100mL中，形成均匀吸附的复合体系，以高压汞灯照射0.5h，产物用40℃蒸馏水浸泡24h，洗去微聚合的单体及均聚物，真空干燥1d。
3)阳离子交换并煅烧除去生物质模板
上述产物浸入到0.02mol/L硝酸铁溶液中，进行阳离子交换，室温干燥6h，然后在400℃下煅烧4h，去除生物质模板，得到Fe/C海绵材料。
4)亲油疏水改性
上述材料浸泡于2w％乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的正己烷溶液中0.5h，然后80℃干燥12h，得到超疏水磁性海绵材料。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料的制备方法，其特征在于：构筑材料的模板骨架来自于天然生物质柚子内皮，且利用紫外光引发生成聚电解质层，并通过阳离子交换反应及后续煅烧得到磁性材料；所述的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)生物质的清洗预处理：将一定量柚子皮内层物切割成1.5cm×1.0cm×0.75cm片状物，于80℃下用100mL 5-10wt％K2S2O8水溶液处理4h，然后依次用80℃去离子水清洗2-3遍，异丙醇清洗2-3遍，室温自然干燥；
2)聚电解质层的生成：以丙酮为溶剂、丙烯酸为溶质配制成浓度为0.1-2mol/L的溶液，加入3wt％的二苯甲酮为光引发剂，将清洗处理过的柚子皮内层物浸渍于上述溶液5-100mL中，形成均匀吸附的复合体系，以高压汞灯照射0.5-3h，产物用40℃蒸馏水浸泡24h，洗去微聚合的单体及均聚物，真空干燥1d；
3)阳离子交换并煅烧除去生物质模板：上述产物浸入到0.02mol/L硝酸铁溶液中，进行阳离子交换，室温干燥6h，然后在400℃下煅烧0.5-4h，去除生物质模板，得到Fe/C海绵材料；
4)亲油疏水改性：上述材料浸泡于含有2wt％乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的正己烷溶液中0.5h，然后80℃干燥12h，得到超疏水磁性海绵材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2)所述的聚电解质层采用紫外光作用下的丙烯酸聚合。
CN201711266306.1A 2017-12-05 2017-12-05 一种基于生物质模板的磁性吸油材料及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN107803185B (zh)

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CN108855033B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2021-03-23 西北师范大学 以柚子内皮为模板制备多孔纳米片三维氧化锌光催化材料的方法
CN111871424B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-09-02 重庆工商大学 一种使用半碳化柚子皮瓤模板制备铜锰氧化物材料的方法

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