CN107795322B - Assembled concrete arc plate and chessboard type prestressed anchor cable composite supporting structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Assembled concrete arc plate and chessboard type prestressed anchor cable composite supporting structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107795322B CN107795322B CN201711078243.7A CN201711078243A CN107795322B CN 107795322 B CN107795322 B CN 107795322B CN 201711078243 A CN201711078243 A CN 201711078243A CN 107795322 B CN107795322 B CN 107795322B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an assembled supporting structure of a chessboard distributed anchor cable and a concrete slab and a construction method thereof, wherein the assembled supporting structure comprises a concrete arc plate, a four-way tray, a steel wire rope and a prestressed anchor cable; the concrete arc plates are spliced with a single-ring concrete arc plate bracket along the circumferential direction, and the single-ring concrete arc plate bracket is connected with another single-ring concrete arc plate bracket into a whole along the longitudinal direction; the steel wire ropes in the inner sections of the supporting structure are respectively connected in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction to form a chessboard type steel wire rope inner net; more than 1 pre-stressed anchor cable mounting holes are formed in the concrete arc plate, and the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor cable holes and the anchor cable mounting holes of the four-way tray to fix the concrete arc plate and the steel wire rope on surrounding rock. Still further include construction methods. The invention greatly enhances the integral supporting effect of the prestressed anchor cable, prevents the single anchor cable from being damaged by independent stress, well matches the anchor cable with the prefabricated concrete arc plate in the composite supporting of the prefabricated concrete arc plate, forms rigid-flexible composite supporting technology, can forcefully control the supporting deformation of the deep well roadway and ensures the stability of the roadway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground engineering support, in particular to an assembled concrete arc plate and chessboard type prestressed anchor cable composite support structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
As the coal mining depth is further increased, deep well roadway support is more and more difficult, and the deep well roadway support becomes an important problem affecting the safe and efficient production of the coal mine. The simple anchor net spraying or the U-shaped steel support can not meet the requirement of supporting stability, the prestressed anchor cable supporting technology is popularized and used in difficult supporting mining areas, some mines have good supporting effects, and some mines have poor effects; the concrete arch body support is used more in the key chamber, but the construction speed is slow due to the fact that the steel bars are bound and concrete is poured on site, the concrete strength is slowly increased, cracks are extremely easy to occur when the concrete arch body support is stressed in the age, and therefore the overall bearing capacity of the arch body is reduced.
According to analysis, the anchor ropes in the prestress anchor rope support are unevenly stressed, and in most cases, the anchor ropes are stressed singly or in a row of 2-3, so that the whole support effect cannot be exerted, the anchor ropes with overlarge stress are damaged in advance, the anchor ropes with small stress are hardly changed, but the whole support effect is greatly reduced once the roadway support is damaged locally, so that the anchor rope support is formed into a full-section whole support system, and the whole system can be allocated to bear the stress when the stress is overlarge, so that the anchor rope support is an important factor for ensuring the stability of the anchor rope support. In deep high-stress underground engineering, the bearing capacity is often insufficient only by the anchor cable support, the cast-in-place concrete is changed into a prefabricated assembled concrete arc plate by means of the advantages of the concrete quality and low cost, and the anchor cable and the arc plate are combined with each other to form the high-strength composite support body. Meanwhile, the integral support system is easy to construct, reasonable in cost and good in support effect in connection with other support structures, and has important significance in solving the deep well roadway support problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength composite supporting structure formed by combining a prefabricated assembled concrete arc plate and a full-space chessboard type prestressed anchor cable, which solves the supporting problem of deep well roadway, in particular to a roadway affected by mining. The anchor cable belongs to active support, can fully mobilize the self-bearing capacity of deep surrounding rock, accords with the new Ottoman principle, but has limited total-space cooperative poor support force; the assembled arc plate belongs to passive support, has high radial support force, but has large rigidity, is not contractible and has poor dynamic pressure disturbance resistance; the active and passive combination can form a rigid-flexible composite high-strength collapsible supporting structure, and is suitable for solving supporting difficulties such as high ground pressure and strong disturbance of a deep well.
The concrete supporting structure comprises a concrete arc plate, a four-way tray, a steel wire rope and a prestressed anchor cable; the concrete arc plates are spliced into a single-ring concrete arc plate bracket along the circumferential direction, and the single-ring concrete arc plate bracket is connected with another single-ring concrete arc plate bracket into a whole along the longitudinal direction; the steel wire ropes in the inner sections of the supporting structure are respectively connected in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction to form a chessboard type steel wire rope inner net;
more than 1 pre-stressed anchor cable mounting holes are formed in the concrete arc plate, and the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor cable holes and the anchor cable mounting holes of the four-way tray to fix the concrete arc plate and the steel wire rope on surrounding rock.
Further, the concrete arc plates are spliced by the pressing wood blocks along the circumferential direction; the two sides of the yielding wood block are provided with pin holes, the two sides of the concrete arc plate are provided with annular connecting holes, and the concrete arc plate is fixedly connected with the yielding wood block through a curved bolt; the concrete arc plate is also provided with a longitudinal connecting hole, and the concrete arc plate is longitudinally connected with another concrete arc plate through the longitudinal connecting hole and the steel pin.
Further, the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are both positioned at the positions of the four-way tray, and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes are fixed on the inner wall of the concrete arc plate through the four-way tray and the anchor cable.
Further, the four-way tray comprises a steel wire rope buckle and a four-pin tray, wherein an anchor rope hole is formed in the middle of the four-pin tray, and four pins are welded and fixed on the periphery of the four-pin tray; the ends of two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two sections of steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the respective ends; the ends of two steel wire ropes connected longitudinally are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the ends respectively.
Further, two steel wire ropes connected in a circumferential direction are lapped with two steel wire ropes connected in a longitudinal direction in pairs, links are formed at lapping positions through binding of thin iron wires, and the links are located in the four pins and in the areas outside anchor rope holes.
Further, the other end of the four sections of steel wire ropes at the four-way tray is provided with threaded threads, and the four sections of steel wire ropes are connected with the steel wire ropes extending from the other four-way tray through a steel wire rope connector with threads.
Further, the four-pin tray is of a square structure, a concave area is formed in the center of the four-pin tray, and the direction of the concave area is opposite to the extending direction of the pins.
Further, the concrete arc plate comprises a plurality of arc plate longitudinal dowel bars inserted inside.
The construction method of the composite supporting structure is further included,
firstly, excavating and forming a roadway, and performing temporary anchor net spraying support;
secondly, assembling a plurality of sections of concrete arc plates by adopting a mounting machine to form a closed support ring;
thirdly, constructing anchor cable holes, installing pre-stressed anchor cables and four-way trays, and additionally installing connectors to apply pre-stress to the anchor cables to form a full-space chessboard type pre-stressed anchor cable system;
and fourthly, grouting holes between the surrounding rock and the arc plate through the rear grouting holes on the arc plate after each support is 5-10 m, so that the composite support structure is in close contact with the surrounding rock, and a stable support body is formed.
And repeating the steps to finish the installation of all the supporting bodies.
Further, the cross section of the support body structure body is in the shape of a shallow arch, a flat ellipse, a vertical ellipse or a straight wall semicircle.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The arc plate is prefabricated by a die, the specification is uniform, and the quality is controllable;
(2) 2 anchor cable holes are reserved on each arc plate, the anchor cables are driven into surrounding rock through the holes, and the tail parts of the anchor cables are anchored on the four-way tray. The arc plates can be immediately anchored on surrounding rock by using anchor cables after being installed in the construction process, so that the stability of the arc plates before being closed into a ring is ensured;
(3) The chessboard type prestress anchor cable structure enables the full-section anchor cable to share the load, and achieves the full-space anchor cable cooperative support effect. The circumferential tightening effect of the arc plate is increased, and the compression resistance of the arc plate is fully exerted;
(4) The invention can greatly enhance the integral supporting effect of the prestressed anchor cable, prevent the single anchor cable from being damaged by independent stress, and achieve the effects that each anchor cable can share the load of other anchor cables and effectively transfer the load of itself to other anchor cables;
(5) In the composite support with the prefabricated concrete arc plates, the flexible support structure, namely the anchor cable and the high-rigidity support structure, namely the prefabricated concrete arc plates are well matched to form a rigid-flexible composite support technology, so that the deep well roadway support deformation can be effectively controlled, and the roadway stability is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single ring composite support structure;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a single ring composite support structure;
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of a composite support structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a precast concrete segment;
fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a checkerboard pre-stressed anchor cable support arrangement;
figure 6 is a schematic illustration of details of a checkerboard pre-stressed anchor cable;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a braided knuckle of a wire rope;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a four-way pallet.
The main reference numerals illustrate:
the concrete pile comprises a 1-yielding wood block, a 2-concrete arc plate, a 3-arc plate lifting ring, a 4-arc plate longitudinal dowel bar, a 5-arc plate circumferential connecting hole, a 6-four-way tray, a 7-steel wire rope, an 8-steel wire rope connector, a 9-binding wire, a 10-steel wire rope buckle, a 11-four-way pin disc, a 12-anchor rope hole, a 13-limiting pin, a 14-anchor, a 15-prestressed anchor rope and a 16-prestressed anchor rope mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
As shown in the figure, the invention comprises a concrete arc plate 2, a four-way tray 6, a steel wire rope 7 and a prestressed anchor cable 15; the concrete arc plates 2 are spliced into a single-ring concrete arc plate bracket along the circumferential direction, see fig. 1 and 2; the single-ring concrete arc plate bracket is connected with another single-ring concrete arc plate bracket into a whole along the longitudinal direction to form a supporting structure body, see figure 3; the inner sections of steel wire ropes of the supporting structure are respectively connected in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction to form a chessboard type steel wire rope inner net, see figure 3;
more than 1 pre-stressed anchor cable mounting holes 16 are formed in the concrete arc plate 2, and the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor cable holes 12 of the four-way tray 6 and the pre-stressed anchor cable mounting holes 16 to fix the concrete arc plate 2 and the steel wire rope 7 on surrounding rock.
The concrete arc plates 2 are spliced along the circumferential direction through the pressing wood blocks 1; pin holes are formed in two sides of the yielding block 1, annular connecting holes are formed in two sides of the concrete arc plate 2, and the concrete arc plate 2 is fixedly connected with the yielding block 1 through pins; the concrete arc plate 2 is also provided with a longitudinal connecting hole which is longitudinally connected with another concrete arc plate through the longitudinal connecting hole and a pin.
The connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are both positioned at the position of the four-way tray 6, and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connection parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are fixed on the 2 inner walls of the concrete arc plates through the four-way tray 6 and the anchor cable 15.
The four-way tray comprises a steel wire rope buckle 10 and a four-pin tray 11, an anchor rope hole 12 is formed in the middle of the four-pin tray 11, and four pins 13 are welded and fixed on the periphery; the ends of two steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are staggered with each other by a certain distance, as shown in fig. 7, and the two steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles 10 at the positions of the respective ends; the ends of two steel wire ropes which are longitudinally connected are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through the steel wire rope buckle 10 at the positions of the respective ends.
The two steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are overlapped with the two steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction in pairs, see fig. 7, and are bound through thin iron wires 9 at the overlapped positions to form links, and the links are positioned in the four pins 13 and outside the anchor rope holes 12.
The other end of the four sections of steel wire ropes at the four-way tray 6 is provided with threaded threads, see figure 7, and is connected with the steel wire ropes at the other four-way tray through a steel wire rope connector 8 with threads.
The four-pin tray is of a square structure and is provided with a concave area in the center, and the direction of the concave area is opposite to the extending direction of the pin, see fig. 8.
The concrete arc plate comprises a plurality of arc plate longitudinal dowel bars 4 inserted in the concrete arc plate.
Specifically, the invention comprises 4-6 prefabricated assembled concrete arc plates 2 and a compression wood block 1 to form a closed structure, wherein a pre-stressed anchor cable 15 penetrates through an arc plate anchor cable hole 16 to enter surrounding rock, is anchored at the inner side of the arc plates, is connected together through a four-way tray 6 woven by a steel wire rope 7, and finally fills the surrounding rock and an arc plate hole through a rear grouting hole to form a rigid-flexible composite high-strength retractable supporting structure of the full-section prefabricated assembled arc plates and the chessboard pre-stressed anchor cable. Wherein the section of the closed structure can be round, horseshoe-shaped or elliptic, and is selected according to the stress state of surrounding rock; when the stress of a single anchor cable is overlarge, the load can be transmitted to surrounding anchor cables through the steel wire ropes, and the load is sequentially and outwards spread like ripples in water, so that the full-section anchor cable shares the load, and the full-space anchor cable cooperative supporting effect is achieved. The concrete strength grade is generally C40, the thickness is 200-400 mm, the width is 1000mm, and the length is determined according to the circumference of the roadway. Prefabricating an arc plate on the ground, transporting the arc plate to underground assembly, installing the arc plate by a mechanical arm, longitudinally connecting the arc plate by bolts, circumferentially connecting the arc plate by soft steel wires, and reserving connecting holes; 2 anchor cable holes 16 are reserved on each arc plate, anchor cables are driven into surrounding rock through the holes, and the tail parts of the anchor cables are anchored on the four-way tray 6. The arc plate 2 is reserved with a mechanical arm mounting hole for fixing the arc plate on a mounting device so as to finish actions such as lifting, rotating, moving back and forth and the like of the arc plate.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the four-way tray has the following specific structure:
the prestress anchor cable adopts a four-way tray structure woven by waste steel wire ropes, two ends of each steel wire rope are processed into semi-rings, one is large and the other is small, steel wires are wound to form a pull buckle, and the pull buckle and the anchor cable tray form a four-way tray; when the stress of a single anchor cable is overlarge, the load can be transmitted to 4 anchor cables around through the steel wire rope, the stress of the 4 anchor cables around is overlarge, the other 12 anchor cables can be continuously transmitted outwards, the whole section anchor cables share the load outwards in sequence, and the cooperative supporting effect of the whole space anchor cables is achieved. And the circumferential tightening effect of the arc plate is increased, so that the compression resistance of the arc plate is fully exerted. The weaving knot is formed by processing waste steel wire ropes through a pneumatic pressing machine, determining the lengths of the steel wire ropes according to the relevant sizes of arc plates, forming links at one end of each steel wire rope, forming large links and small links, forming threads at the other end of each steel wire rope, placing the four steel wire ropes with the links pressed together, fixing the four steel wire ropes into a knot through a binding wire 9, then fixedly connecting the large links with the large links and the small links through steel wire rope buckles 10, and matching four pin trays 11 to form the four-way tray.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the rigid-flexible composite support has the following detailed structure:
the single-ring assembled arc plate structure generally consists of 6 standard arc plates, a yielding wood block is arranged between adjacent arc plates, and the arc plates are connected in the circumferential direction by adopting curved bolts; the arc plate is longitudinally connected in a dowel manner, dowel bars are embedded in one exposed side of the arc plate, dowel bar holes are formed in the other mounted side of the arc plate, dowel bar holes of the rear mounted arc plate are aligned with dowel bar connections of the mounted arc plate, and the connecting front dowel bar holes are internally injected with the dowel bar-planting glue, and the rings are longitudinally connected to form an integrally assembled arc plate ring which can bear larger surrounding rock radial load.
The arc plate rings belong to passive support and are used in combination with the active support prestressed anchorage cable, the reserved aperture is not less than 42mm through the reserved anchorage cable Kong Dazuan on the arc plate, the length of the anchorage cable is 6-8 m, 10-12 anchorage cables are used for one arc plate ring, four-way trays are adopted at the tail parts of the anchorage cables for realizing cooperative support of the anchorage cables, and the trays are connected into a chessboard type prestressed anchorage cable support system through waste steel wire ropes to form a full-space chessboard type prestressed anchorage cable support system.
The contractibility of the supporting structure is realized by compressing the wood blocks, when the arc plate ring bears a large load, the wood blocks are compressed and deformed under the action of the circumferential axial force, and the arc plate ring is integrally reduced, so that the diameter of the arc plate ring is reduced; the wire rope at the same position as the wood block is a connector in the middle part, and the connector can be correspondingly screwed down along with the compression of the wood block to achieve the purpose of shortening the wire rope.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the prefabricated arc plate has the following specific structure:
the prefabricated assembled arc plate is divided into 6 standard blocks, the specification and the size are the same, the arc plate thickness is generally 200-400 mm, the width is 1000-1200 mm, the reinforcement forms a reinforced concrete structure, the same mechanized mould can be adopted in the arc plate processing, and the mould processing and manufacturing difficulty and the standby number are reduced. In order to enhance the tensile capacity of the inner side of the arc plate and enable the inner side of the arc plate to be in close contact with the four-way tray through the steel wire rope, the inner side of the arc plate is made into a section of plane. The arc plate is provided with an inner layer of steel bars and an outer layer of steel bars, 3 tertiary steel bars with diameters not less than 18mm are uniformly distributed to form annular stress bars, and 3 tertiary steel bars with diameters not greater than 12mm are uniformly distributed to form longitudinal distribution bars.
Three connecting holes are formed in the arc plate: anchor cable hole, hoop connecting hole and vertical connecting hole. Each arc plate is provided with 2 anchor cable holes which are arranged at the positions of 1/4 and 3/4 of the arc length of the arc plate and positioned at the half section of the arc plate width, and the aperture is not less than 42mm; the annular connecting holes are used for increasing the integral effect of the single-ring arc plates, and the longitudinal connecting holes are used for increasing the integral effect of the single-ring arc plates. In addition, the middle position of the top arc plate is also provided with a rear grouting hole, and the surrounding rock is in full contact with the arc plate through grouting. In order to facilitate the transportation and hoisting of the arc plates, a hoisting ring is pre-buried in the center of each arc plate.
The arc plate joint is added with a 100-150 mm-high yielding wood block, so that the supporting ring formed by the arc plates has a contractible yielding function; in order to prevent the support ring from becoming a weak point here, the following technical measures are taken: (1) the height of the wood block is not more than 1/3 of the thickness of the arc plate, and the friction force between the wood block and the end face of the arc plate is used for limiting the displacement of the wood block; (2) the wood block is provided with a connecting hole, so that the arc plate can conveniently pass through the connecting wire rope buckle in a circumferential direction, and the connecting strength is enhanced by using the wire rope; (3) the steel wire ropes distributed in a chessboard manner limit the wood blocks to move into the roadway, and the damage of the connecting points is prevented.
Specifically, all the anchor cables with full sections are connected together, when the stress of a single anchor cable is overlarge, the load can be transferred to 4 anchor cables around through the steel wire rope, the stress of the 4 anchor cables around the anchor cable is overlarge, the anchor cables can be continuously and outwards transferred to 12 other anchor cables, and the anchor cables with full sections can share the load in sequence outwards, so that the collaborative supporting effect of the anchor cables with full sections is achieved.
The construction process and the installation process of the composite supporting structure are also included:
the arc plate installation is completed by adopting a stepping monorail crane rotary installation device, and the specific process is as follows: the arc plates are transported in place, the installation equipment grabs the bottom arc plate and installs the bottom arc plate in place, and the pressing wood blocks are stuck; then installing left and right lower arc plates, connecting in a circumferential direction, and sticking a wood pressing block; then installing a left arc plate, a right arc plate, a top arc plate, inserting a pressing wood block after the arc plates are installed in place, connecting in a circumferential direction, and completing the installation to form a closed ring; in the installation process, the connection of the longitudinal dowel bars of each arc plate is noted, and the installation is completed synchronously with the in-place installation.
The chessboard type prestressed anchor cable adopts a common jumbolter to drill holes, the anchor cable is firstly installed, then the four-way tray is installed, and then the four-way tray of the similar anchor cable is connected by a steel wire rope connector, so that the full-space chessboard type prestressed anchor cable system is finally formed.
Taking a composite supporting structure body formed by 6 standard arc plates as an example, the whole construction process is as follows:
firstly, excavating and forming a roadway, and performing temporary anchor net spraying support for the purpose of ensuring the stability of a construction space in a short time;
secondly, assembling an assembled concrete arc plate by adopting a mounting machine to form a closed support ring;
thirdly, constructing anchor cable holes, installing pre-stressed anchor cables and four-way trays, and additionally installing connectors to apply pre-stress to the anchor cables to form a full-space chessboard type pre-stressed anchor cable system;
and fourthly, grouting holes between the surrounding rock and the arc plate through the rear grouting holes on the arc plate after each support is 5-10 m, so that the composite support structure is in close contact with the surrounding rock, and a stable support body is formed.
And repeating the steps to finish the installation of all the supporting bodies. If the tunneling front part uses the tunneling and anchoring integrated machine, the tunneling and anchoring integrated machine is matched with a special installing machine for the arc plate, and the supporting speed is greatly improved.
According to different conditions such as roadway burial depth, geological conditions, ground stress, lithology and the like, different supporting structure sizes, different chessboard type anchor cable supporting parameters and effective combination modes between the two are required to be designed. The main parameters required to be determined according to the actual situation on site are as follows: the thickness, strength and curvature of the arc plates, the thickness of the yielding blocks, the type of anchor cables and the interval row spacing.
The yielding mode of the arc plate joint of the embodiment of the invention is not limited to wood compression yielding, can be other materials (such as rubber) and can also be a retractable metal structure and the like, so that compression deformation in the circumferential direction of a roadway is realized, and the yielding purpose is achieved; the installation of each section of arc plate can also use a digging machine, a hand hoist or a rocker arm of a fully-mechanized digging machine, etc. The prestress anchor cable combination arrangement mode is also made into an inclined arrangement mode or a spider web mode and the like besides the chessboard type.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims and their equivalents, and that such changes and modifications are to be construed as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The assembled supporting structure of the chessboard distributed anchor cable and the concrete slab is characterized by comprising a concrete arc plate, a four-way tray, a steel wire rope and a prestressed anchor cable; the concrete arc plates are spliced into a single-ring concrete arc plate bracket along the circumferential direction, and the single-ring concrete arc plate bracket is connected with another single-ring concrete arc plate bracket into a whole along the longitudinal direction; the steel wire ropes in the inner sections of the supporting structure are respectively connected in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction to form a chessboard type steel wire rope inner net; more than 1 pre-stressed anchor cable mounting holes are formed in the concrete arc plate, and the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor cable holes and the anchor cable mounting holes of the four-way tray to fix the concrete arc plate and the steel wire rope on surrounding rock;
the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are positioned at the positions of the four-way tray, and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are fixed on the inner wall of the concrete arc plate through the four-way tray and the anchor cable;
the four-way tray comprises a steel wire rope buckle and a four-pin tray, wherein an anchor rope hole is formed in the middle of the four-pin tray, and four pins are welded and fixed on the periphery of the four-pin tray; the ends of two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two sections of steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the respective ends; the ends of two sections of steel wire ropes which are longitudinally connected are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two sections of steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the respective ends;
the other end of the four sections of steel wire ropes at the four-way tray is provided with a threaded screw thread, and the four sections of steel wire ropes are connected with the steel wire ropes extending from the other four-way tray through a steel wire rope connector with threads inside, so that a net-shaped structure is formed;
the four-pin tray is of a square structure, a concave area is arranged in the center of the four-pin tray, and the direction of the concave area is opposite to the extending direction of the pin.
2. The support structure of claim 1, further comprising a block of yielding wood, the concrete arc panels being spliced circumferentially by the block of yielding wood; bolt holes are formed in two sides of the yielding wood block, annular connecting holes are formed in two sides of the concrete arc plate, and the concrete arc plate is fixedly connected with the yielding wood block through curved bolts; the concrete arc plate is also provided with a longitudinal connecting hole, and the concrete arc plate is longitudinally connected with another concrete arc plate through the longitudinal connecting hole and the steel pin.
3. The support structure of claim 1, wherein two circumferentially connected wire ropes overlap two longitudinally connected wire ropes in pairs and are bound by thin wire at overlapping locations to form links located in areas within the four pins and outside the anchor cable holes.
4. The support structure of claim 1, wherein the concrete arc plate comprises a plurality of arc plate longitudinal dowel bars inserted therein, wherein one side of the arc plate is provided with exposed dowel bars, and the other side is provided with steel pipe holes for inserting the dowel bars.
5. The support structure of claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the support structure is a shallow arch, a flat oval, a vertical oval, or a straight wall dome.
6. A method of constructing a support structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: firstly, excavating and forming a roadway, and performing temporary anchor net spraying support; secondly, assembling the segment concrete arc plates by adopting a mounting machine to form a closed support ring; thirdly, constructing anchor cable holes, installing pre-stressed anchor cables and four-way trays, and additionally installing connectors to apply pre-stress to the anchor cables to form a full-space chessboard type pre-stressed anchor cable system; fourthly, grouting holes between the surrounding rock and the arc plate through the rear grouting holes on the arc plate after each support is 5-10 m, so that the composite support structure is in close contact with the surrounding rock to form a stable support body; repeating the steps to finish the installation of all the supporting bodies;
in the third step, specifically: the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are positioned at the positions of the four-way tray, and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction and the connecting parts of the two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction are fixed on the inner wall of the concrete arc plate through the four-way tray and the anchor cable;
the four-way tray comprises a steel wire rope buckle and a four-pin tray, wherein an anchor rope hole is formed in the middle of the four-pin tray, and four pins are welded and fixed on the periphery of the four-pin tray; the ends of two sections of steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two sections of steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the respective ends; the ends of two sections of steel wire ropes which are longitudinally connected are staggered with each other by a certain distance, and the two sections of steel wire ropes are locked with the other steel wire rope through steel wire rope buckles at the positions of the respective ends;
the two steel wire ropes connected in the circumferential direction are overlapped with the two steel wire ropes connected in the longitudinal direction in pairs, and are bound through thin iron wires at the overlapped positions to form links, and the links are positioned in the four pins and outside the anchor rope holes;
the other end of the four sections of steel wire ropes at the four-way tray is provided with threaded threads, and the four sections of steel wire ropes are connected with the steel wire ropes extending from the other four-way tray through a steel wire rope connector with threads.
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| CN108955505B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-07 | 刘建娥 | Device for monitoring dynamic state and surrounding rock state stability of highway tunnel |
| CN109184733B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-10-02 | 山东建筑大学 | Soft rock chamber bottom heave treatment supporting structure and method based on prefabricated bottom arc plate |
| CN109578026B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-10-10 | 郑州工程技术学院 | Supporting and protecting structure for rock and soil anchor rod |
| CN110608647A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2019-12-24 | 山东科技大学 | Mining goaf bottom plate deep hole displacement meter and using method thereof |
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