CN105673040A - Bearing system of deep well high-stress roadway surrounding rock enhanced support and application of bearing system - Google Patents
Bearing system of deep well high-stress roadway surrounding rock enhanced support and application of bearing system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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Abstract
本发明公开一种深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统及其用途，属于地下工程围岩支护领域，该承载系统包括钢管混凝土强化支护结构、混凝土喷层强化支护结构、锚杆强化支护结构、注浆强化加固结构和钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构；钢管混凝土强化支护结构由钢管混凝土支架及混凝土构成，钢管混凝土支架包括多节无缝钢管和套头管，钢管通过套头管对接形成环状结构，各钢管弧度相同，钢管内部填充混凝土，套头管中间设有弹性软垫，弹性软垫中通，钢管的侧管壁上设有注浆孔，上管壁设有排气孔，混凝土通过注浆孔注入钢管内部，形成钢管混凝土强化支护结构。本发明应用范围广，可对巷道围岩提供高支护反力从而使巷道围岩稳定，安装使用方便。
The invention discloses a load-bearing system for reinforced support of surrounding rock in deep well high-stress roadway and its application, which belongs to the field of surrounding rock support for underground engineering. Rod reinforced support structure, grouting reinforced structure and reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure; steel tube concrete reinforced support structure is composed of steel tube concrete support and concrete, steel tube concrete support includes multi-section seamless steel tubes and sleeve pipes, steel tubes pass through The butt joints of the sleeve pipes form a ring structure, the curvature of each steel pipe is the same, the inside of the steel pipe is filled with concrete, the middle of the sleeve pipe is provided with an elastic cushion, and the elastic cushion is connected in the middle, the side pipe wall of the steel pipe is provided with a grouting hole, and the upper pipe wall is provided with a Concrete is injected into the steel pipe through the grouting hole to form a steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure. The invention has a wide range of applications, can provide high supporting reaction force for the surrounding rock of the roadway to stabilize the surrounding rock of the roadway, and is easy to install and use.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及承载系统，具体涉及深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统及其用途，属于地下工程围岩支护领域。The invention relates to a load-bearing system, in particular to a load-bearing system for reinforced support of the surrounding rock of a high-stress roadway in a deep well and its application, and belongs to the field of support for the surrounding rock of underground engineering.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国煤炭资源采掘量的逐年增加，浅部的煤炭资源已经日渐枯竭，目前已开始开采深部的煤炭资源，且深部开采在以8-12m/a(米/年)的速度增长。其中，东部矿区的矿井则以10-25m/a的速度发展。我国现有许多煤矿已经开采至1000-1500m的煤炭资源，在深部高应力环境下，巷道围岩变形破坏体现出软岩巷道的特征：巷道变形量大，支护困难。With the increase of mining volume of coal resources in our country year by year, the shallow coal resources have been exhausted day by day, and the deep coal resources have been mined now, and the deep mining is increasing at a rate of 8-12m/a (meter/year). Among them, the mines in the eastern mining area develop at a speed of 10-25m/a. Many coal mines in my country have mined 1000-1500m of coal resources. In the deep high-stress environment, the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock of the roadway reflects the characteristics of soft rock roadway: large deformation of the roadway and difficult support.
同时，我国每年新掘巷道历程大于6000km，深部软岩巷道比例占到10％以上，30多个矿区面临软岩巷道支护难题。每年需要耗费巨大的人力、物力、财力对巷道进行返修和维护，影响了生产进度和安全；甚至个别矿井出现过由于软岩巷道围岩变形量大且变形快，巷道掘进机掘巷后，围岩立即产生收敛变形，掘进机无法退出的情况，使得巷道无法掘进，导致矿井停产或停建，造成了巨大经济损失，同时给矿井安全带来了巨大威胁。At the same time, the annual excavation of roadways in my country is more than 6000km, and the proportion of deep soft rock roadways accounts for more than 10%. More than 30 mining areas are facing the problem of soft rock roadway support. It takes a huge amount of manpower, material and financial resources to repair and maintain the roadway every year, which affects the production progress and safety; even in some mines, due to the large and fast deformation of the surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway, after the roadway boring machine digs the roadway, the surrounding rock The rock immediately produces convergence deformation, and the roadheader cannot exit, making the roadway unable to excavate, resulting in the suspension of production or construction of the mine, resulting in huge economic losses, and at the same time, a huge threat to mine safety.
我国的软岩巷道支护技术如料石砌碹、锚喷、锚网喷、锚索、注浆加固、钢筋混凝土、钢架等虽然为软岩巷道支护工程做出了很大贡献，但依然表现出巷道围岩应力大且复杂，变形量大，难以有效控制的缺陷。Although my country's soft rock roadway support technologies such as stone masonry, anchor spraying, anchor net spraying, anchor cables, grouting reinforcement, reinforced concrete, and steel frames have made great contributions to soft rock roadway support engineering, but It still shows the defects that the surrounding rock stress of the roadway is large and complex, the amount of deformation is large, and it is difficult to effectively control it.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统，该承载系统承载能力强，适应性好，稳定性强，且安装方便。另外，本发明还提供了上述承载系统的用途。Aiming at the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a load-bearing system for reinforced support of surrounding rock in high-stress roadways in deep wells. The load-bearing system has strong load-bearing capacity, good adaptability, strong stability, and is easy to install. In addition, the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned bearing system.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统，包括钢管混凝土强化支护结构、混凝土喷层强化支护结构、锚杆强化支护结构、注浆强化加固结构和钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构；In order to achieve the above object, the bearing system of the reinforced support of the surrounding rock of the deep well high stress roadway adopted by the present invention includes a reinforced steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure, a reinforced concrete sprayed layer supported support structure, a bolt reinforced supported structure, and a grouted reinforced reinforced structure and reinforced concrete masonry to strengthen the support structure;
所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构由钢管混凝土支架及混凝土构成，所述钢管混凝土支架包括多节无缝钢管和套头管，所述多节无缝钢管通过套头管对接形成环状结构，各钢管的弧度相同，钢管内部填充混凝土，所述套头管中间设有弹性软垫，所述弹性软垫中间是通的，钢管的侧管壁上设有注浆孔，上管壁设有排气孔，混凝土通过注浆孔注入钢管内部，形成钢管混凝土强化支护结构；The concrete-filled steel tube reinforced support structure is composed of concrete-filled steel tube supports and concrete. The concrete-filled steel tube supports include multi-section seamless steel tubes and sleeve pipes. The radian is the same, the inside of the steel pipe is filled with concrete, the middle of the sleeve pipe is provided with an elastic cushion, and the middle of the elastic cushion is open, the side wall of the steel pipe is provided with a grouting hole, and the upper pipe wall is provided with a vent hole. Concrete is injected into the interior of the steel pipe through the grouting hole to form a reinforced support structure of steel pipe concrete;
所述的锚杆强化支护结构为端部锚固或全长锚固；The anchor reinforced support structure is end anchoring or full-length anchoring;
所述钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构包括砌碹结构、金属网、泡沫塑料板，所述砌碹结构包括砌碹混凝土，所述砌碹混凝土采用普通硅酸盐水泥和水按比例0.4-0.6配比，并掺入总重量的4％的速凝剂，所述金属网为全断面铺设的钢筋网。The reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure includes a masonry structure, a metal mesh, and a foam plastic board. The masonry structure includes a masonry concrete, and the masonry concrete is made of ordinary portland cement and water in a ratio of 0.4-0.6 Proportioning, and mixed with 4% quick-setting agent of the total weight, the metal mesh is a steel mesh laid in full section.
作为改进，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构中的混凝土，采用钢纤维混凝土或膨胀混凝土；As an improvement, the concrete in the concrete-filled steel tube reinforced support structure adopts steel fiber concrete or expansive concrete;
或采用硬石膏、聚氨酯，并添加凝固剂。Or use anhydrite, polyurethane, and add a coagulant.
作为改进，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构中的钢管混凝土支架的圆弧拱内侧加焊圆钢和钢板。As an improvement, round steel and steel plates are added to the inner side of the arc arch of the steel tube concrete reinforced support structure in the steel tube concrete reinforced support structure.
作为改进，所述钢管的管径均相同，钢管具有4-6节。As an improvement, the pipe diameters of the steel pipes are the same, and the steel pipes have 4-6 sections.
作为改进，所述的套头管内径大于钢管外径。As an improvement, the inner diameter of the sleeve head is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pipe.
作为改进，所述套头管的壁厚大于钢管壁厚。As an improvement, the wall thickness of the sleeve pipe is greater than the wall thickness of the steel pipe.
作为改进，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构中的钢管混凝土支架通过多个顶杆连接，所述顶杆为钢管混凝土柱。As an improvement, the concrete-filled steel tube supports in the concrete-filled steel tube reinforced support structure are connected by a plurality of ejector rods, and the ejector rods are concrete-filled steel tube columns.
另外，本发明还提供了上述深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护承载系统的用途，针对不同的围岩性质采用承载系统内不同的支护结构复合使用，In addition, the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned deep well high-stress roadway surrounding rock reinforced support bearing system, which is used in combination with different supporting structures in the bearing system for different surrounding rock properties.
当围岩硬度为中硬围岩时，此时强化支护承载系统包括混凝土喷层强化支护结构、锚杆强化支护结构；When the hardness of the surrounding rock is medium-hard, the reinforced support bearing system includes concrete shotcrete strengthened support structure and bolt strengthened support structure;
当围岩硬度为软弱围岩时，此时强化支护承载系统包括锚杆强化支护结构、钢管混凝土强化支护结构；When the hardness of the surrounding rock is weak, the strengthened support bearing system includes bolt strengthened support structure and steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure;
当围岩硬度为极软弱围岩时，此时强化支护承载系统包括钢管混凝土强化支护结构、钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构。When the hardness of the surrounding rock is extremely weak, the reinforced support bearing system includes reinforced steel pipe reinforced support structure and reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure.
作为改进，当围岩硬度为中硬围岩时，强化支护承载系统还包括注浆强化加固结构。As an improvement, when the hardness of the surrounding rock is medium-hard, the reinforced support bearing system also includes grouting to strengthen the reinforced structure.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统，是多个结构的复合，其中钢管混凝土强化支护结构为核心，针对不同的围岩特点采用不同的结构复合，针对性更强，应用在深井、软岩、动压及应力集中区等高应力及复杂应力的巷道支护中，可以对巷道围岩提供高支护反力从而使巷道围岩稳定，安装使用方便。Compared with the prior art, the load-bearing system for the reinforced support of the surrounding rock of the deep well and high-stress roadway provided by the present invention is a composite of multiple structures, in which the reinforced support structure of steel pipe concrete is the core, and different structures are adopted for different characteristics of the surrounding rock. Composite structure, more pertinent, used in roadway support with high stress and complex stress such as deep well, soft rock, dynamic pressure and stress concentration area, etc., can provide high support reaction force to the surrounding rock of the roadway so as to stabilize the surrounding rock of the roadway , Easy to install and use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统断面结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of bearing system sectional structure schematic diagram of deep well high stress roadway surrounding rock strengthened support of the present invention;
图2是本发明的钢管混凝土支架连接结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the steel pipe concrete support of the present invention;
图3是本发明的钢管混凝土支架结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the steel pipe concrete support of the present invention;
图4是本发明用于中硬围岩的强化支护承载系统断面结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the reinforced support bearing system for medium-hard surrounding rock of the present invention;
图5是本发明用于中硬围岩的注浆强化支护承载系统断面结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the grouting reinforced support bearing system for medium-hard surrounding rock of the present invention;
图6是本发明用于软弱围岩的强化支护承载系统断面结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the strengthened support bearing system for weak surrounding rocks of the present invention;
图7是本发明用于极软弱围岩的强化支护承载系统断面结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the strengthened support bearing system for extremely weak surrounding rocks of the present invention;
图中：1、钢管混凝土强化支护结构，2、混凝土喷层强化支护结构3、锚杆强化支护结构，4、围岩结构，5、顶杆，6、排气孔，7、注浆孔，8、钢管，9、套头管，10、弹性软垫，11、注浆强化加固结构，12、钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构。In the figure: 1. Steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure, 2. Concrete sprayed layer reinforced support structure 3. Bolt reinforced support structure, 4. Surrounding rock structure, 5. Push rod, 6. Vent hole, 7. Note Grout hole, 8. Steel pipe, 9. Sleeve head pipe, 10. Elastic cushion, 11. Grouting reinforcement structure, 12. Reinforced concrete masonry reinforcement support structure.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面通过附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明的范围。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1-图7所示，深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护的承载系统，包括钢管混凝土强化支护结构1、混凝土喷层强化支护结构2、锚杆强化支护结构3、注浆强化加固结构11和钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构12；As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the bearing system for the reinforced support of surrounding rocks in high-stress roadways in deep wells includes reinforced steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure 1, reinforced concrete sprayed layer reinforced support structure 2, bolt reinforced supported structure 3, grouting Reinforced reinforcement structure 11 and reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure 12;
如图3所示，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构1由钢管混凝土支架及混凝土构成，所述钢管混凝土支架包括多节无缝钢管8和套头管9，所述多节无缝钢管8通过套头管9对接形成环状结构，各钢管8的弧度相同，钢管8内部填充混凝土，所述套头管9中间设有弹性软垫10，所述弹性软垫10中间是通的，钢管8的侧管壁上设有注浆孔7，上管壁设有排气孔6，混凝土通过注浆孔7注入钢管8内部，形成钢管混凝土强化支护结构1；As shown in Figure 3, the reinforced steel pipe concrete support structure 1 is composed of a steel pipe concrete support and concrete. The pipes 9 are butted to form a ring structure, the radians of the steel pipes 8 are the same, the inside of the steel pipes 8 is filled with concrete, the middle of the sleeve pipe 9 is provided with an elastic cushion 10, and the middle of the elastic cushion 10 is open, and the side pipes of the steel pipes 8 The wall is provided with a grouting hole 7, and the upper pipe wall is provided with a vent hole 6, and concrete is injected into the steel pipe 8 through the grouting hole 7 to form a steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure 1;
所述的锚杆强化支护结构3根据锚杆锚固长度不同分为端部锚固和全长锚固；The bolt reinforced support structure 3 is divided into end anchorage and full-length anchorage according to the anchorage length of the anchor bolt;
所述钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构12包括砌碹结构、金属网、泡沫塑料板，所述砌碹结构包括砌碹混凝土，所述砌碹混凝土采用普通硅酸盐水泥和水按比例0.4-0.6配比，并掺入总重量的4％的速凝剂，所述金属网为全断面铺设的钢筋网；所述泡沫塑料板主要用于隔绝水和风化作用。The reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure 12 includes a masonry structure, a metal mesh, and a foam plastic board. The masonry structure includes a masonry concrete, and the masonry concrete is made of ordinary Portland cement and water in a ratio of 0.4- 0.6 ratio, and mixed with 4% of the total weight of the quick-setting agent, the metal mesh is a steel mesh laid on the whole section; the foam plastic board is mainly used to isolate water and weathering.
作为实施例的改进，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构1中的混凝土，采用钢纤维混凝土或者类似的膨胀混凝土；As an improvement of the embodiment, the concrete in the concrete-filled steel tube reinforced support structure 1 adopts steel fiber concrete or similar expansive concrete;
也可根据需要采用如硬石膏、聚氨酯或其他建筑材料，并添加凝固剂。You can also use such as anhydrite, polyurethane or other building materials as needed, and add a coagulant.
作为实施例的改进，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构1中的钢管混凝土支架的圆弧拱内侧加焊圆钢和钢板，提高整体结构的强度及稳固性。As an improvement of the embodiment, round steel and steel plates are added to the inner side of the arc arch of the steel tube concrete reinforced support structure 1 to improve the strength and stability of the overall structure.
作为实施例的改进，所述钢管8的管径均相同，钢管8具有4-6节，安装使用方便，结构设计合理。As an improvement of the embodiment, the diameters of the steel pipes 8 are all the same, and the steel pipes 8 have 4-6 sections, which are easy to install and use, and have a reasonable structural design.
作为实施例的改进，所述套头管9内径大于钢管8外径，将钢管8通过套头管9对接形成环状结构时，操作更方便，所述套头管9的壁厚大于钢管8壁厚，结构强度高，稳定性好。As an improvement of the embodiment, the inner diameter of the sleeve pipe 9 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pipe 8, and when the steel pipe 8 is butted through the sleeve pipe 9 to form a ring structure, the operation is more convenient, and the wall thickness of the sleeve pipe 9 is greater than that of the steel pipe 8. High structural strength and good stability.
作为实施例的改进，如图2所示，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构1中的钢管混凝土支架通过多个顶杆5连接，所述顶杆5为钢管混凝土柱。As an improvement of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , the concrete-filled steel pipe supports in the concrete-filled steel pipe reinforced support structure 1 are connected by a plurality of push rods 5 , and the push rods 5 are concrete-filled steel pipe columns.
另外，本发明还提供了上述任一项所述深井高应力巷道围岩强化支护承载系统的用途，针对不同的围岩性质采用承载系统内不同的支护结构复合使用，In addition, the present invention also provides the use of the deep well high stress roadway surrounding rock reinforced support bearing system described in any one of the above, which is used in combination with different supporting structures in the bearing system for different surrounding rock properties.
当围岩硬度为中硬围岩时，如图4所示，此时强化支护承载系统包括混凝土喷层强化支护结构2、锚杆强化支护结构3，其中混凝土喷层强化支护结构2安装在围岩结构4上，锚杆强化支护结构3中的锚杆采用端部锚固和全长锚固安装在围岩结构4上；When the hardness of the surrounding rock is medium-hard, as shown in Figure 4, the reinforced support bearing system includes the concrete sprayed layer reinforced support structure 2 and the bolt reinforced support structure 3, wherein the concrete sprayed layer strengthened support structure 2 Installed on the surrounding rock structure 4, the anchor rods in the bolt reinforced support structure 3 are installed on the surrounding rock structure 4 by end anchorage and full-length anchorage;
当围岩硬度为软弱围岩时，如图6所示，此时强化支护承载系统包括锚杆强化支护结构(需要注浆)、钢管混凝土强化支护结构1，其中钢管混凝土强化支护结构1设置在围岩结构4内侧，锚杆强化支护结构中的锚杆采用端部锚固和全长锚固安装在围岩结构4上；When the hardness of the surrounding rock is weak, as shown in Figure 6, the strengthened support bearing system includes the bolt strengthened support structure (grouting is required), the reinforced steel tube reinforced support structure 1, and the reinforced steel tube reinforced support structure 1 The structure 1 is arranged inside the surrounding rock structure 4, and the bolts in the bolt reinforced support structure are installed on the surrounding rock structure 4 by end anchorage and full-length anchorage;
当围岩硬度为极软弱围岩时，如图7所示，此时强化支护承载系统包括钢管混凝土强化支护结构1、钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构12，所述钢管混凝土强化支护结构1安装在钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构12内侧，所述钢筋混凝土砌碹强化支护结构12安装在围岩结构4内侧。When the hardness of the surrounding rock is extremely weak, as shown in Figure 7, the strengthened support bearing system includes a steel pipe reinforced concrete reinforced support structure 1, a reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure 12, and the steel pipe reinforced concrete reinforced support The structure 1 is installed on the inner side of the reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure 12 , and the reinforced concrete masonry reinforced support structure 12 is installed on the inner side of the surrounding rock structure 4 .
作为实施例的进一步改进，当围岩硬度为中硬围岩时，强化支护承载系统还包括注浆强化加固结构11，如图5所示，其中注浆强化加固结构11是通过注浆在围岩结构4上形成一层注浆强化结构。As a further improvement of the embodiment, when the hardness of the surrounding rock is medium-hard, the reinforced support bearing system also includes a grouting reinforcement structure 11, as shown in Figure 5, wherein the grouting reinforcement structure 11 is formed by grouting A layer of grouting strengthening structure is formed on the surrounding rock structure 4 .
本发明针对极软弱围岩、中硬围岩和软弱围岩采取具体实施方式，其中最重要的环节为钢管混凝土强化支护结构1的具体实施，其他环节都是常规实施方式，这里重点介绍钢管混凝土强化支护结构的工艺流程。The present invention adopts specific implementation modes for extremely soft and weak surrounding rocks, moderately hard surrounding rocks and weak surrounding rocks, wherein the most important link is the specific implementation of the steel pipe concrete reinforced support structure 1, and other links are conventional implementation modes, and the steel pipes are mainly introduced here Technological process of concrete reinforced support structure.
本发明中，巷道支护施工的工艺流程为：Among the present invention, the technological process of roadway support construction is:
开挖巷道断面；顶板布置锚杆作为临时支护；安装空钢管支架；在支架与围岩之间铺设钢筋网、泡沫塑料板；在支架与围岩之间喷混凝土砌碹；10-20架钢管支架灌注混凝土。Excavate the section of the roadway; arrange anchor rods on the roof as temporary support; install empty steel pipe supports; lay steel mesh and foam plastic boards between the supports and the surrounding rock; Concrete poured into the steel pipe support.
具体步骤为，The specific steps are,
1)空钢管混凝土支架施工顺序与方法：1) Construction sequence and method of empty concrete-filled steel tube support:
巷道掘进5-8m后，对巷道进行清理，清除底板渣石；After the roadway is excavated for 5-8m, clean up the roadway and remove the floor slag;
以巷道中心线为基准，按支架间距为0.8m确定支架位置，首先通过锚杆将顶弧段钢管固定到预定位置；Based on the center line of the roadway, the position of the support is determined according to the support spacing of 0.8m. First, the steel pipe at the top arc section is fixed to the predetermined position through the anchor rod;
其次放入底拱段，与前一段支架的底拱段通过顶杆5连接，安装好套头管9；Next put into the bottom arch section, connect with the bottom arch section of the previous section of support through the ejector rod 5, and install the sleeve pipe 9;
最后安装两帮段，将帮腿段缓慢插到套头管9中；Finally, install the two support sections, and slowly insert the support leg sections into the sleeve pipe 9;
将顶弧段松动，使其端口对准帮段上的定位钢筋后缓慢插入，直到端口紧密结合，然后将提前套在顶弧段的套头管9向下移动到挡环，与前一架支架间安装顶杆5；Loosen the top arc section so that its port is aligned with the positioning steel bar on the side section and slowly inserted until the port is tightly combined, then move the sleeve tube 9 that has been set on the top arc section down to the retaining ring, and connect with the previous bracket Install ejector pin 5 between;
将支架通过在锚固耳根处打锚杆固定，每十架钢管支架锚固一架。The bracket is fixed by anchoring the anchor rod at the root of the anchor ear, and every ten steel pipe brackets are anchored to one frame.
2)空钢管支架安装完成后，在钢管混凝土支架与巷道围岩之间铺设钢筋网、泡沫塑料板，然后对钢管混凝土支架与巷道围岩之间的空间喷射混凝土碹，喷碹厚度300mm。2) After the installation of the empty steel pipe support is completed, lay steel mesh and foam plastic board between the steel pipe concrete support and the surrounding rock of the roadway, and then spray concrete to the space between the steel pipe concrete support and the surrounding rock of the roadway. The thickness of the shotcrete is 300mm.
3)钢管混凝土支架灌注混凝土工艺：3) Concrete pouring process for steel tube concrete support:
每安装10-20架空钢管支架灌注混凝土一次；Concrete is poured every time 10-20 overhead steel pipe supports are installed;
其中，灌注施工顺序，Among them, the perfusion construction sequence,
混凝土输送泵平放在巷道，通过高压胶管与支架注浆短管连接；The concrete delivery pump is placed flat in the roadway, and is connected with the short grouting pipe of the support through a high-pressure rubber hose;
连接电缆、布置水管，输送泵空载15-20min；Connect cables, arrange water pipes, and transfer pumps without load for 15-20 minutes;
拌制混凝土，每次搅拌约1m3；Mix concrete, about 1m 3 each time;
连接注浆管路依次为输送泵-输送管-高压胶管-闸阀-支架注浆口；The connecting grouting pipeline is the delivery pump-delivery pipe-high-pressure rubber hose-gate valve-bracket grouting port in sequence;
第一次使用输送泵时应先泵送一罐水泥砂浆以润滑管路，然后正常泵送注浆；支架灌注混凝土前先往钢管内放入少量水，起润滑作用；每次注浆提前连接好五架支架的输送管路，以方便管路连接，节约时间，防止输送管内混凝土凝固。When using the delivery pump for the first time, pump a tank of cement mortar to lubricate the pipeline, and then pump the grout normally; put a small amount of water into the steel pipe before pouring the concrete into the support for lubrication; connect in advance for each grouting The conveying pipes of the five brackets are arranged to facilitate the pipe connection, save time, and prevent the concrete from solidifying in the conveying pipes.
每架灌注结束，以顶部排浆孔流出约5kg混凝土作为标志。After the pouring of each rack is completed, about 5kg of concrete flows out of the top grout hole as a sign.
每架支架灌注结束后先停止泵送，然后关闭闸阀，拆卸管路，封堵排将孔。连接下一架，继续灌注，直到全部灌注完毕。After the filling of each rack, stop the pumping first, then close the gate valve, disassemble the pipeline, and block the drainage hole. Connect to the next frame and continue to pour until all of them are filled.
灌注完毕后先停泵，卸掉搅拌箱多余混凝土，正反泵水洗管路、输送泵管道，拆卸管路，停止供水，最后断电。After the filling is completed, stop the pump first, remove the excess concrete from the mixing tank, wash the pipeline and delivery pump pipeline with the positive and negative pumps, disassemble the pipeline, stop the water supply, and finally cut off the power.
空支架安装和混凝土灌注施工与喷混凝土碹体同步进行，最终形成一个整体极软弱围岩的强化支护承载结构。The installation of the empty support and the concrete pouring construction are carried out simultaneously with the shotcrete arch body, finally forming a strengthened support bearing structure with extremely weak surrounding rock as a whole.
对于中硬围岩和软弱围岩，操作原理相同。For medium-hard and weak surrounding rocks, the operating principle is the same.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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| CN112727173A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-04-30 | 山西焦煤集团有限责任公司 | Data center factory building arranged by using abandoned mine |
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| CN115199284A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-18 | 陕西延长石油矿业有限责任公司 | Surrounding rock control method for intelligent tunneling of open-type full-face tunneling machine |
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Application publication date: 20160615 |