CN107791972A - 用于机动车辆的电网 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的电网 Download PDF

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CN107791972A
CN107791972A CN201710770378.3A CN201710770378A CN107791972A CN 107791972 A CN107791972 A CN 107791972A CN 201710770378 A CN201710770378 A CN 201710770378A CN 107791972 A CN107791972 A CN 107791972A
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voltage
low pressure
subnet
power network
pressure subnet
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H·瑞博兹
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/427—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆(10)的电网，该电网具有：一个高压子网(24)，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器(14)；一个低压子网(32)，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)，其中该至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，其中该高压子网(24)和该低压子网(32)通过一个直流电压转换器(30)彼此电连接，其中该直流电压转换器(30)形成为，在电压子网(34，32)之间的两个相反的方向(38)上交换电能。

Description

用于机动车辆的电网
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的电网，该电网具有：一个高压子网，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器；一个低压子网，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件，其中该至少一个低压构造元件形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，其中该高压子网和该低压子网通过一个直流电压转换器彼此电连接。
本发明还涉及一种具有电网的机动车辆，该电网具有低压子网和高压子网。
本发明还涉及一种用于分配机动车辆的电网中的电能的方法，该电网具有：一个高压子网，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器；一个低压子网，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件，其中该至少一个低压构造元件形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，其中这些电压子网通过一个直流电压转换器彼此连接。
背景技术
机动车辆中的车载电网结构通常具有提供不同电压的两个不同子网，并且不同的电气构造元件作为电源点和/或电汇点集成在这些子网中。该车载电网结构的低压子网通常具有12V的车载电网电压并且通过直流电压转换器从该高压车载电网用电能和对应地较高的电压供应。
例如在US 8,437,910 B2中示出具有对应的车载电网的机动车辆。
然而，在现代机动车辆中，除了12V的电压供应外，还要求提供48V的电压供应，为此通常将额外的直流电压转换器和额外的电能存储器一般来说集成到车载电网中，以便产生第三电压子网。在此不利的是，通过这些额外的部件，该车载电网中的电压供应在技术上是高耗费的并且与较高的成本相关联。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，以技术上较低的耗费和较低的成本提供一种用于机动车辆的电网以及用于分配机动车辆中的电能的方法，以便用具有另外的电压值的电压来供应机动车辆中的耗电设备。
该目的在开篇所述的电网中以如下方式实现：该直流电压转换器形成为，在这些电压子网之间的两个相反的方向上交换电能。
在开篇所述的机动车辆中，该目的还通过一种根据本发明的电网实现。
最后，在开篇所述的方法中，该目的通过以下方式实现：该电能转换器依赖于这些电压子网之一中的电压在第一或第二方向上传输电能。
由于该直流电压转换器可以在两个相反方向上传输电能并且可以对应地设定该直流电压转换器两侧上的电压，该低压子网可以从该高压子网中直接且分离地被供应，使得在没有额外的控制设备和额外的低压存储器的情况下也可以提供该低压子网的耗电器所需的电压。由此可以省去额外的电能存储器，由此可以降低用于该机动车辆的电网的技术耗费和成本。
因此完全实现了本发明的目的。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该直流电压转换器依赖于这些电压子网之一中的电压而在这些子网之间变换电能流向。
由此，依赖于当前在这些子网中提供的电压，可以以技术上较低的耗费实现在这些子网之间的能量交换。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该直流电压转换器依赖于该低压子网中的电压来变换该能量流向。
由此，可以以技术上较低的耗费将来自该低压子网的电能馈送至该高压子网中并且用于驱动该机动车辆。
在一个优选的实施方式中，在该低压子网中的电压超过阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器将电能流设定在该高压子网的方向上。
由此可以以技术上较低的耗费降低该低压子网中提高的电压。
在一个优选的实施方式中，在该低压子网中的电压低于阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器在该低压子网的方向上提供能量流向。
由此可以以技术上较低的耗费捕捉该低压子网中的电压降。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该高压子网具有一个电能存储器。
由此，可以将电能存储在该高压子网中以驱动机动车辆。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该高压子网具有大于100V的电压值。
由此，该电动机器可以提供必要的牵引功率以驱动车辆。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该低压子网具有小于60V的电压，尤其36V至59V。
由此，可以以电能供应机动车辆中的多个耗电器。
在一个优选的实施方式中，该低压子网不具有电能存储器。
由此，一般来说可以降低电网的技术上的耗费。
总体上，通过该电网和在该低压子网中单独提供直流电压可以在机动车辆中提供单独的电压供应，其中，可以省去机动车辆车载电网中的另一个分开的子网，并且对应地可以省去额外的能量存储器以及额外的控制设备。由此，可以以技术上较低的耗费和较低的成本在机动车辆中提供额外的电压值。
总之，本发明提供下述1、10记载的技术方案，下述2-9记载的为本发明的优选技术方案：
1.用于机动车辆的电网，该电网具有：
-一个高压子网，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器，
-一个低压子网，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件，其中该至少一个低压构造元件形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，
其中该高压子网和该低压子网通过一个直流电压转换器彼此电连接，其特征在于，该直流电压转换器形成为，在这些电压子网之间的两个相反的方向上交换电能。
2.根据上述1所述的电网，其中该直流电压转换器依赖于这些电压子网之一中的电压在这些子网之间变换电能流向。
3.根据上述2所述的电网，其中该直流电压转换器依赖于该低压子网中的电压来变换该能量流向。
4.根据上述2或3所述的电网，其中在该低压子网中的电压超过阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器在该高压子网的方向上提供电能流。
5.根据上述2至4之一所述的电网，其中在该低压子网中的电压低于阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器在该低压子网的方向上提供能量流向。
6.根据上述1至5之一所述的电网，其中该高压子网具有一个电能存储器。
7.根据上述1至6之一所述的电网，其中该高压子网具有大于100V的电压值。
8.根据上述1至7之一所述的电网，其中该低压子网具有小于60V，尤其36V至58V的电压。
9.根据上述1至8之一所述的电网，其中该低压子网不具有电能存储器。
10.用于分配机动车辆的电网中的电能的方法，该电网具有
-一个高压子网，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器，
-一个低压子网，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件，其中该至少一个低压构造元件形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，其中这些电压子网通过一个直流电压转换器彼此连接，
其中该电气直流电压转换器依赖于这些电压子网之一中的电压在第一或第二方向上传输电能。
不言而喻，以上提到的这些特征以及仍将在以下说明的特征不仅能够在分别给出的组合中使用，而且还能够在其他组合中或者单独使用，而不脱离本发明的范围。
附图说明
在附图中展示了本发明的多个实施例并且在以下的说明中对其进行更详细的说明。在附图中：
图1示出了具有电网的机动车辆的示意性图示，该电网具有两个不同的子网。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地示出了机动车辆并且总体上用10来指代。机动车辆10具有传动系12，该传动系在当前情况下包含用于提供驱动功率的电动机器14。传动系12用于驱动机动车辆10的从动轮16L、16R。
电动机器14通过发动机轴18与变速器20连接，其中电动机器14在驱动轴18处提供扭矩t，并且其中驱动轴18以可调整的转速n旋转。变速器20通过差速器22与从动轮16R、16L连接。
为了驱动电动机器14或为了向电动机器14供应电流，电动机器14一般来说通过高压子网24与电能存储器26或高压牵引电池26连接。在此，电能存储器26通过控制单元28与电动机器14连接，以便对应地驱动电动机器14或为其供应电流。此外，高压子网24通过直流电压转换器30与低压子网32电连接或能够电连接，其中低压子网32一般来说与这些电气低压构造元件34、36连接，例如电气式侧倾稳定系统34或空调压缩机36。这些电气低压部件34、36根据应用可以形成为电能源点和电能汇点或者说接收和输出电能。
直流电压转换器30形成为，例如通过箭头38所指示的，将来自低压子网32中的电能馈送至高压子网24中并且将来自高压子网24的电能馈送至低压子网32中。
高压子网24具有大于100V或800V的电压，并且通过电动机器14通过再生或通过电能存储器26供应电压。通过直流电压转换器30为低压子网32供应电能并且对应地通过直流电压转换器30来设定在低压子网32中的36V至59V并且典型48V的电压。因此，通过双向的直流电压转换器30来替代其他情况下常见的电能存储器。
为了可以将低压子网32中的电压设定到48V，如通过箭头38所指示的，直流电压转换器30必须能够实现在两个方向上的能量流。此外，必须实现较高的瞬时功率要求。
在运行中，连续检测低压子网32中的电压，并且通过直流电压转换器30调节到48V。在由这些低压构造元件34、36接收电能并且在低压子网32中电压降低的情况下，直流电压转换器30通过馈送来自高压子网24电能来对应地进行后续调节。在低压子网32中的电压升高的情况下(例如通过这些低压构造元件34、36馈送额外的电能)，直流电压转换器30通过将来自低压子网32的电能馈送至高压子网24来后续调节电压。
为了调节低压子网32中的电压，对应地将上限电压限定为阈值或低压子网32中最大允许的车载电网电压、以及将下限电压限定为阈值或高压子网24中最小允许的车载电网电压，并且对应地确定直流电压转换器30在这些电压子网24、32之间的哪个方向上交换电能。
通过具有双向直流电压转换器30的这两个电压子网24、32的构思，可以对应地省去低压子网32中的控制设备以及电能存储器。

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车辆(10)的电网，该电网具有：
-一个高压子网(24)，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器(14)，
-一个低压子网(32)，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)，其中该至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，
其中该高压子网(24)和该低压子网(32)通过一个直流电压转换器(30)彼此电连接，其特征在于，该直流电压转换器(30)形成为，在这些电压子网(24，32)之间的两个相反的方向上交换电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电网，其特征在于，该直流电压转换器(30)依赖于这些电压子网(24，32)之一中的电压在这些子网(24，32)之间变换电能流向。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电网，其特征在于，该直流电压转换器(30)依赖于该低压子网(32)中的电压来变换该电能流向。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电网，其特征在于，在该低压子网(32)中的电压超过阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器(30)在该高压子网(24)的方向上提供电能流。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的电网，其特征在于，在该低压子网(32)中的电压低于阈值的情况下，该直流电压转换器(30)在该低压子网(32)的方向上提供电能流向。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电网，其特征在于，该高压子网(24)具有一个电能存储器(26)。
7.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电网，其特征在于，该高压子网(24)具有大于100V的电压值。
8.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电网，其特征在于，该低压子网(32)具有小于60V，尤其36V至58V的电压。
9.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电网，其特征在于，该低压子网(32)不具有电能存储器。
10.用于分配机动车辆(10)的电网中的电能的方法，该电网具有
-一个高压子网(24)，在该高压子网处连接一个电动机器(14)，
-一个低压子网(32)，在该低压子网处连接至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)，其中该至少一个低压构造元件(34，36)形成为电能源和/或耗电设备，其中这些电压子网通过一个直流电压转换器(30)彼此连接，
其特征在于，该电气直流电压转换器(30)依赖于这些电压子网(24，32)之一中的电压在第一或第二方向上传输电能。
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