CN107789500B - 叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,该方法经过醇提、石油醚‑氯仿溶液萃取浓缩、萃取浓缩膏采用弱碱开环,再调酸环合香豆素类化合物,并进一步使用乙醚萃取小分子香豆素类化合物,大分子香豆素甙类化合物使用大孔吸附树脂富集等步骤;本发明方法简单易操作,适于工业化生产和推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,属于活性提取物制备领域。
背景技术
叠鞘石斛为兰科植物线叶石斛的一个变种,主产于云南、广西西南至西北部、贵州南部至西南部,生于山地疏林中树干上。叠鞘石斛具有降血压、将血糖、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力等功效;叠鞘石斛化学成分复杂,含有多糖类、酚类、香豆素类等化合物,化学成分的复杂化使得叠鞘石斛功效多样化。叠鞘石斛中叠鞘石斛多糖偶有文献报道,多糖类含量约15%左右,多糖类化合物具有免疫增强作用、降血糖和抗肿瘤作用,是叠鞘石斛的主要活性成分之一;叠鞘石斛中酚类化合物主要为联卞类和菲类为叠鞘石斛主要抗肿瘤成分,对肝癌效果显著;香豆素类化合物也是叠鞘石斛中一类主要化学成分,虽报道较少,叠鞘石斛香豆素成分主为带内酯环的香豆素和香豆素甙类,总香豆素含量约为药材千分之一,香豆素含量约为药材的0.02-0.04%,叠鞘石斛香豆素类物质除具有常规香豆素类松弛平滑肌、抗血小板凝集、抗血栓作用外,也具有较好的抗炎、镇痛、护肝效果。
叠鞘石斛香豆素提取制备方法报道较少,主要方法为乙醇粗提,石油醚脱脂,硅胶柱、凝胶柱层析而得,叠鞘石斛中总香豆素的制取方法未见详细报道。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种简单、高效的叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,本发明方法具体操作如下:
(1)以叠鞘石斛鲜条为原料,切片后60-70℃干燥,用质量浓度60-80%的乙醇溶液热回流提取2-3次,每次1.5-2h,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩得乙醇粗提流浸膏;
(2)在步骤(1)乙醇粗提流浸膏中加入2-3倍流浸膏体积的石油醚-氯仿溶液,萃取3-4次,水相静置备用,收集合并石油醚氯仿萃取液,浓缩回收有机溶剂,得萃取浓缩膏;
(3)向步骤(2)萃取浓缩膏中加入其3倍体积的氨水溶液、三乙胺溶液、二乙胺溶液、三乙醇胺溶液中的一种,在超声条件下提取2-3次,每次15-20min,过滤弃滤渣得提取液,向提取液中加入稀盐酸溶液调节pH值到7,静置冷藏24小时,底部有棕黄色沉淀产生,经鉴定为小级性香豆素类化合物,其中氨水溶液、三乙胺溶液、二乙胺溶液或三乙醇胺溶液的质量浓度为5-10%;
(4)将步骤(3)的棕黄色沉淀过滤出来,加入沉淀物体积5-6倍的乙醚超声溶解,室温放置得淡黄色结晶,过滤,得叠鞘石斛脂溶性香豆素,结晶自然挥干乙醚后得香豆素精油;
(5)用旋转蒸发减压回收步骤(2)水相中残余的石油醚氯仿溶剂后所得水相层,上非极性大孔树脂柱,水洗到流出液无色,用氨水-乙醇溶液洗脱香豆素类成分,收集洗脱液,当所得洗脱液经肟异羟酸铁反应不显红色后停止洗脱,向洗脱液中加入稀盐酸调节pH值到7,浓缩得稠膏;
(6)在步骤(5)稠膏中加入其体积5-6倍的无水乙醇室温超声处理2-3次,每次20min,合并处理后溶液,过滤,滤液浓缩回收乙醇得香豆素甙类浸膏;
(7)步骤(6)中香豆素甙类浸膏用丙酮溶解结晶,过滤结晶,真空干燥结晶体得黄白色粉末,即为香豆素甙类提取物。
所述石油醚-氯仿溶液为石油醚和氯仿按体积比1:1-1:2的比例混合制得。
所述稀盐酸质量浓度为5%-10%。
所述非极性大孔树脂型号为HB1600。
所述氨水-乙醇溶液是将氨水添加到质量浓度40-50%的乙醇溶液中制得,其中氨水在混合液中的质量浓度为5-10%。
本发明优点和技术效果:本发明方法简单易操作,采用乙醇粗提,使用弱碱开环粗提物中的香豆素类化合物,弱碱使香豆素内酯环开环,开环后香豆素类化合物能溶于水,去除粗提物中水不溶的脂溶性杂质,例如小极性酚类物质,开环方法采用弱碱开环,再调酸环合香豆素类化合物,弱碱开环比强碱开环对香豆素母核发生顺反异够机率低,酸环合后所得香豆素类收率更高,香豆素类粗提取物使用乙醚萃取小分子香豆素类化合物,大分子香豆素甙类化合物使用大孔吸附树脂富集,低浓度氨性乙醇溶剂解析比高浓度80%乙醇解析所得香豆素甙类纯度更高,适于工业化生产和推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:本叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)以文山叠鞘石斛鲜条5公斤为原料,切片后60℃干燥,用质量浓度60%的乙醇溶液热回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩得乙醇粗提流浸膏;
(2)在步骤(1)乙醇粗提流浸膏中加入2倍流浸膏体积的石油醚-氯仿溶液(石油醚和氯仿按体积比1:1的比例混合制得),萃取3次,水相静置备用,收集合并石油醚氯仿萃取液,浓缩回收有机溶剂,得萃取浓缩膏;
(3)向步骤(2)萃取浓缩膏中加入其3倍体积的氨水溶液(质量浓度为5%),在超声条件下提取2次,每次20min,过滤弃滤渣得提取液,向提取液中加入稀盐酸溶液(质量浓度为2%)调节pH值到7,静置冷藏24小时,底部有棕黄色沉淀产生;
(4)将步骤(3)的棕黄色沉淀过滤出来,加入沉淀物体积5倍的乙醚超声溶解,室温放置得淡黄色结晶,过滤,得叠鞘石斛脂溶性香豆素,结晶自然挥干乙醚后得香豆素精油15.3g,以香豆素为对照,HPLC测定香豆素含量22.4%;
(5)用旋转蒸发减压回收步骤(2)水相中残余的石油醚氯仿溶剂后所得水相层,上非极性大孔树脂柱(树脂型号为HB1600),水洗到流出液无色,用氨水-乙醇溶液洗脱香豆素类成分,收集洗脱液,当所得洗脱液经肟异羟酸铁反应不显红色后停止洗脱,向洗脱液中加入稀盐酸(质量浓度为2%)调节pH值到7,浓缩得稠膏,其中氨水-乙醇溶液是将氨水添加到质量浓度40%的乙醇溶液中制得,其中氨水在混合液中的质量浓度为5%;
(6)在步骤(5)稠膏中加入其体积5倍的无水乙醇室温超声处理3次,每次20min,合并处理后溶液,过滤,滤液浓缩回收乙醇得香豆素甙类浸膏;
(7)将步骤(6)中香豆素浸膏用丙酮溶解结晶,过滤结晶,真空干燥结晶体得黄白色粉末38g,即为香豆素甙类提取物。
实施例2:本叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)以四川叠鞘石斛鲜条5公斤为原料,切片后65℃干燥,用质量浓度80%的乙醇溶液热回流提取2次,每次2h,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩得乙醇粗提流浸膏;
(2)在步骤(1)乙醇粗提流浸膏中加入3倍流浸膏体积的石油醚-氯仿溶液(石油醚和氯仿按体积比1:2的比例混合制得),萃取3次,水相静置备用,收集合并石油醚氯仿萃取液,浓缩回收有机溶剂,得萃取浓缩膏;
(3)向步骤(2)萃取浓缩膏中加入其3倍体积的三乙胺溶液(质量浓度为8%),在超声条件下提取3次,每次15min,过滤弃滤渣得提取液,向提取液中加入稀盐酸溶液(质量浓度为3%)调节pH值到7,静置冷藏24小时,底部有棕黄色沉淀产生;
(4)将步骤(3)的棕黄色沉淀过滤出来,加入沉淀物体积5倍的乙醚超声溶解,室温放置得淡黄色结晶,过滤,得叠鞘石斛脂溶性香豆素,结晶自然挥干乙醚后得香豆素精油24.0g,以香豆素为对照,HPLC测定香豆素含量12.8%;
(5)用旋转蒸发减压回收步骤(2)水相中残余的石油醚氯仿溶剂后所得水相层,上非极性大孔树脂柱(树脂型号为HB1600),水洗到流出液无色,用氨水-乙醇溶液洗脱香豆素类成分,收集洗脱液,当所得洗脱液经肟异羟酸铁反应不显红色后停止洗脱,向洗脱液中加入稀盐酸(质量浓度为5%)调节pH值到7,浓缩得稠膏,其中氨水-乙醇溶液是将氨水添加到质量浓度50%的乙醇溶液中制得,其中氨水在混合液中的质量浓度为8%;
(6)在步骤(5)稠膏中加入其体积6倍的无水乙醇室温超声处理2次,每次20min,合并处理后溶液,过滤,滤液浓缩回收乙醇得香豆素甙类浸膏;
(7)将步骤(6)中香豆素浸膏用丙酮溶解结晶,过滤结晶,真空干燥结晶体得黄白色粉末40.5g,即为香豆素甙类提取物。
实施例3:本叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)以四川叠鞘石斛鲜条5公斤为原料,切片后70℃干燥,用质量浓度70%的乙醇溶液热回流提取2次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩得乙醇粗提流浸膏;
(2)在步骤(1)乙醇粗提流浸膏中加入3倍流浸膏体积的石油醚-氯仿溶液(石油醚和氯仿按体积比1:1.5的比例混合制得),萃取4次,水相静置备用,收集合并石油醚氯仿萃取液,浓缩回收有机溶剂,得萃取浓缩膏;
(3)向步骤(2)萃取浓缩膏中加入其3倍体积的三乙醇胺溶液(质量浓度为10%),在超声条件下提取3次,每次18min,过滤弃滤渣得提取液,向提取液中加入稀盐酸溶液(质量浓度为4%)调节pH值到7,静置冷藏24小时,底部有棕黄色沉淀产生;
(4)将步骤(3)的棕黄色沉淀过滤出来,加入沉淀物体积6倍的乙醚超声溶解,室温放置得淡黄色结晶,过滤,得叠鞘石斛脂溶性香豆素,结晶自然挥干乙醚后得香豆素精油12.1g,以香豆素为对照,HPLC测定香豆素含量28.3%;
(5)用旋转蒸发减压回收步骤(2)水相中残余的石油醚氯仿溶剂后所得水相层,上非极性大孔树脂柱,水洗到流出液无色,用氨水-乙醇溶液洗脱香豆素类成分,收集洗脱液,当所得洗脱液经肟异羟酸铁反应不显红色后停止洗脱,向洗脱液中加入稀盐酸(质量浓度为3%)调节pH值到7,浓缩得稠膏,其中氨水-乙醇溶液是将氨水添加到质量浓度45%的乙醇溶液中制得,其中氨水在混合液中的质量浓度为10%;
(6)在步骤(5)稠膏中加入其体积5.5倍的无水乙醇室温超声处理2次,每次20min,合并处理后溶液,过滤,滤液浓缩回收乙醇得香豆素甙类浸膏;
(7)将步骤(6)中香豆素浸膏用丙酮溶解结晶,过滤结晶,真空干燥结晶体得黄白色粉末34.3g,即为香豆素甙类提取物。
Claims (4)
1.一种叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)以叠鞘石斛鲜条为原料,切片后干燥,用质量浓度60-80%的乙醇溶液热回流提取2-3次,每次1.5-2h,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇,浓缩得乙醇粗提流浸膏;
(2)在步骤(1)乙醇粗提流浸膏中加入2-3倍流浸膏体积的石油醚-氯仿溶液,萃取3-4次,水相静置备用,收集合并石油醚氯仿萃取液,浓缩回收有机溶剂,得萃取浓缩膏;
(3)向步骤(2)萃取浓缩膏中加入其3倍体积的氨水溶液、三乙胺溶液、二乙胺溶液、三乙醇胺溶液中的一种,在超声条件下提取2-3次,每次15-20min,过滤弃滤渣得提取液,向提取液中加入稀盐酸溶液调节pH值到7,静置冷藏24小时,底部有棕黄色沉淀产生,其中氨水溶液、三乙胺溶液、二乙胺溶液或三乙醇胺溶液的质量浓度为5-10%;
(4)将步骤(3)的棕黄色沉淀过滤出来,加入沉淀物体积5-6倍的乙醚超声溶解,室温放置得淡黄色结晶,过滤,得叠鞘石斛脂溶性香豆素,结晶自然挥干乙醚后得香豆素精油;
(5)用旋转蒸发减压回收步骤(2)水相中残余的石油醚氯仿溶剂后所得水相层,上非极性大孔树脂柱,水洗到流出液无色,用氨水-乙醇溶液洗脱香豆素类成分,收集洗脱液,当所得洗脱液经异羟肟酸铁反应不显红色后停止洗脱,向洗脱液中加入稀盐酸调节pH值到7,浓缩得稠膏;
(6)在步骤(5)稠膏中加入其体积5-6倍的无水乙醇室温超声处理2-3次,每次20min,合并处理后溶液,过滤,滤液浓缩回收乙醇得香豆素甙类浸膏;
(7)步骤(6)中香豆素甙类浸膏用丙酮溶解结晶,过滤得结晶,真空干燥结晶体得黄白色粉末,即为香豆素甙类提取物;
所述氨水-乙醇溶液是将氨水添加到质量浓度40-50%的乙醇溶液中制得,其中氨水在混合液中的质量浓度为5-10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,其特征在于:石油醚-氯仿溶液为石油醚和氯仿按体积比1:1-1:2的比例混合制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,其特征在于:稀盐酸质量浓度为2%-5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的叠鞘石斛中香豆素类物质的制备方法,其特征在于:非极性大孔树脂型号为HB1600。
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