CN1077883C - 非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化 - Google Patents

非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1077883C
CN1077883C CN95196268A CN95196268A CN1077883C CN 1077883 C CN1077883 C CN 1077883C CN 95196268 A CN95196268 A CN 95196268A CN 95196268 A CN95196268 A CN 95196268A CN 1077883 C CN1077883 C CN 1077883C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
alkyl
raw material
monoalkenenitriles
nitrile
formula
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CN95196268A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1168664A (zh
Inventor
J·D·德拉利纳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Invista Technologies Sarl
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of CN1168664A publication Critical patent/CN1168664A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1077883C publication Critical patent/CN1077883C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6571Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6574Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/65746Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/16Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/1616Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1845Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
    • B01J31/185Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C253/00Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C253/30Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/01Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C255/02Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C255/03Mononitriles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/50Redistribution or isomerisation reactions of C-C, C=C or C-C triple bonds
    • B01J2231/52Isomerisation reactions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84Metals of the iron group
    • B01J2531/847Nickel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

2-烷基-3-单烯腈催化异构化为3和/或4-单烯腈的气相方法,其中使用零价镍和二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体的载体组合物作为催化剂。

Description

非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化
发明领域
本发明一般涉及2-烷基-3-单烯腈异构化以产生3-和/或4-单烯直链腈的气相方法。更具体地,本发明涉及使用零价镍和二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体将2-烷基-3-单烯腈异构化以产生3-和/或4-单烯直链腈的气相方法。
发明背景
在现有技术中,例如US 3,766,237已知通过丁二烯的氢氧化以形成戊烯腈(PN)。如此形成占优势的戊烯腈,例如3-戊烯腈,4-戊烯腈和2-甲基-3-丁烯腈,可进一步氢氰化和/或异构化,以形成已二腈(ADN),这在合成尼龙中是一种重要的工业材料。
在液相中,在零价镍催化剂存在下,2-甲基-3-丁烯腈能够有效地异构化而成3和/或4-戊烯腈,戊烯腈产物易于进一步氢氰化而形成己二腈。但是在气相中进行这种异构化的技术还不知晓。Kurokawa等人进行的有关研究(Journal of Catalysis(催化剂杂志)141,94-101(1993))叙述了3-戊烯腈气相通过异构化可成为支链和直链戊烯腈混合物。催化剂包括在350℃和370℃温度下使用的SiO2,MgO或CaO。据报道,支链产物与直链产物的比在19/35,24/18和10/49的范围内。在所有情况下,只得到共轭的支链化合物;也就是说,未形成2-甲基-3-丁烯腈。
发明概述
本发明提供一种无环的,脂族的,非共轭的2-烷基-3-单烯腈的气相异构化方法,优选为2-甲基-3-丁烯腈,该方法包括:使原料腈在约135°-170℃,优选140℃-160℃的温度范围内与含有零价镍和至少一种二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体的载体催化剂组合物接触,以产生非共轭的,直链的,无环的3-和4-单烯腈,优选为3-和4-戊烯腈,所述二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体选自式I和式II所示配位体:
Figure C9519626800051
式I其中每个R1分别为3-12个碳原子的二级或三级烃基,每个R2分别为H,C1-C12烷基,或者OR3,其中R3是C1-C12烷基;
Figure C9519626800052
式II其中每个R4分别为最多12个碳原子的三级烃,或者OR5,其中R5是C1-C12烷基;和每个R6分别为最多12个碳原子的三级烃。
在上述的式I和式II的定义中,“二级”和“三级”是指与芳香环相连的碳原子。此外,对于本发明的公开和权利要求来说,术语“烯腈”,“戊烯腈”和“丁烯腈”分别意指氰基的碳原子是第一碳原子的氰基烯烃;氰基丁烯,和氰基丙烯。
本发明提供一种催化气相方法,此方法在非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的异构化中,是快速的,有选择性的,有效和稳定的。本发明气相方法的优点是排除了绝大多数液相方法中所使用的溶剂,例如反应稀释剂或产物萃取剂。此外,在此气相方法中,使用催化剂作为不动的固相,这可以减少催化剂合成,回收,再循环和副产物废物处置的费用。这样的优点也能消除对与液相方法有关的设备的需求,并能进一步节省费用。
优选的实施方案详细描述
当原料腈是2-甲基-3-丁烯腈(2M3BN)时,本发明的气相异构化方法生产了主要由3-戊烯腈(3PN)和4-戊烯腈(4PN)组成的戊烯腈混合物。
零价镍在本领域是已知的,零价镍能以许多方法来制造。最普通的用于构成本发明催化组合物的零价镍是从含有邻-亚磷酸三甲酚酯,对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯,环辛二烯和乙烯的Ni(0)配合物得到的。在适宜的配位体(例如参见下文的例2,其中Ni(NO3)2用H2还原,以得到载带在硅胶上的Ni(0)存在时,Ni(0)也可以用分子氢或其它的还原剂还原Ni(II)的化合物来制备。此外,含有二配位基的配位体的Ni(0)配合物可以由还原Ni(II)的化合物(例如参见下文的例1,在例1中制备了Ni(配位体A)(乙烯)),以及通过金属镍和二配位基的配位体来制备。也能成功地使用本领域技术人员所熟知的其它的零价镍。
实际的催化剂是零价镍与二配位基的亚磷酸酯的配位体的配合物,当这两种物质化合时就形成了此配合物。有效的催化剂对于一克原子的零价镍至少需要一摩尔的二配位基的亚磷酸酯配位体。
上述催化剂组合物通常载带在二氧化硅,氧化铝,碳或其它合适的载体上。在某些场合下可以使用未载带的催化剂,但是它们的催化效率可能很低。在B,C,Gates所著非均相催化,Vol 2,第1-29页,Ed.B.L Shapiro,德克萨斯A和M大学出版社,大学区,德克萨斯,1984年的文章中可以找到金属催化剂载体处理的通用技术。另外,给定的载体也可以用均匀分散涂复零价镍金属来制备,然后可以用所需要的二配位基的亚磷酸酯配位体进行处理。
典型情况下,根据本发明,零价镍催化剂分配在二氧化硅、氧化铝或碳载体上的浓度要足够产生含有0.3%重量-1.0%重量镍的载体催化剂组合物。然后催化剂组合物装入管式反应器中,气体2-烷基-3-单烯腈,例如2-甲基-3-丁烯腈,在温度足够高以维持原料腈和异构化的产物处于气相的条件下在固体催化剂上方连续地通过。
优选的温度范围是约140°-150℃,最优选的范围是145°-150℃。温度必须高,到足以使所有的有机物挥发掉,同时又要低至足以防止催化剂变质。优选的温度在某种程度上取决于所应用的特定的催化剂,所使用的特定的2-烷基-3-单烯腈和所需要的反应速度。操作压力并非特别紧要,约1-10个大气压(101.3-1013KPa)可能是较适合的。高于上述范围,预期将无经济利益。
2-烷基-3-单烯腈原料既可以以纯蒸汽的形式,也可以以一种挥发性溶剂例如乙腈或甲苯中的蒸发溶液的形式导入使用。在大气的压力下,使用附加的氮气或其它的惰性气体源作为载体,典型地在140-150℃的温度下使用。氮气是优选的,因为它的价格低。氧气,水蒸汽或其它能够与催化剂或者原料2-烷基-3单烯腈发生反应的气态物质应该避免。在室温下异构化产物是液体,因而可利用冷却作用方便地加以回收。
在本发明方法中用作原料的2-烷基-3-单烯腈的烯烃双键不能与氰基的三键共轭。合适的原料2-烷基-3-单烯烃腈也能够带有与催化剂不起化学反应的基团,例如另外的氰基。原料2-烷基-3-单烯腈优选地含有5-8个碳原子,不包括任何额外的取代。在生产己二腈时,2-甲基-3-丁烯腈特别重要。其它的具有代表性的腈包括2-乙基-3-丁烯腈和2-丙基-3-丁烯腈。
下列的式III和式IV例示了合适的代表性的原料2-烷基-3-单烯腈。当原料腈是2-甲基-3-丁烯腈时,异构化产物是式V和式VI所表示的那些产物。式III式IV其中R7是H或C1-C3烷基
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2CN
式V和    CH3-CH2=CH-CH2CN
式VI可以看到式III是式IV的特例,其中R7是氢。
本发明的异构化方法可以这样实施,例如首先将特定的载体催化剂组合物装入管式反应器内,优选地在惰性气氛下进行,然后将管式反应器与连续进料和回收的装置相连,同时利用惰性气流,例如氮气,氩气或氦气流合适地清扫所有给料管线,以使与空气的接触最少。装有热电偶的反应器在连续的惰性气流通过或者进出口关闭而让惰性气体流过旁路的情况下,加热到所需要的反应温度。原料2-烷基-3-单烯腈既可以以纯净的方式进料,也可以以溶解在合适的溶剂例如乙腈或甲苯中的方式进料。原料腈和任何的溶剂都通过加热到反应温度的进料管线部分,以保证完全的蒸发。从反应器出口引出的气体产物混合物,如果需要的话可以穿过气相色谱的加热气体取样回路,以检测反应进展的情况。另外,为了以液体的形式回收产物,气体流出物也可以冷却到0℃-25℃。每小时连续进料的不饱和化合物与催化剂的摩尔比通常可以在约5∶1/小时-100∶1/小时的范围内变化。
异构化反应优选地是在没有溶剂的情况下进行的。如果使用任何的溶剂的话,那末该溶剂在反应温度和压力的条件下应该是气体,并对原料腈,反应产物和催化剂是惰性的。典型的溶剂包括烃类例如己烷,苯,甲苯和二甲苯,或者腈例如乙腈。
优选的是,溶剂选自饱和的和芳香的烃以及脂族腈,而这些饱和烃,芳香烃和脂族腈在异构化的反应温度下是气态。
实例
下列非限定性的,具有代表性的实例举例说明了本发明的情况。如果不另作说明,所有的比例和百分数都是以重量计。在这些实例中,配位体“A”是式II所示的配位体,其中每个R4是OCH3,每个R6是叔-丁基。
实例1
碳载体Ni(0)(配位体“A”)CH2=CH2的合成,
其中配位体“A”是式II所示的配位体,式II中
每个R4是OCH3,每个R6是叔丁基。
所有的操作步骤都是在充氮的手套箱中进行的。0.385克(1.5毫摩)的镍(乙酰丙酮酸根)2,1.18克(1.5毫摩)配位体“A”,和20毫升甲苯放入玻璃瓶中。接着乙烯鼓泡通过溶液。此后,2.3毫升的1.9M(C2H5)3Al的甲苯溶液逐滴加入,而乙烯继续鼓泡通过溶液。在几分钟后,中断乙烯流,用隔膜密封玻璃瓶。反应内含物彻夜搅拌。第二天,在减压的条件下,除去约1/2的溶剂。一部分固体反应产物利用过滤回收。将甲醇加到滤液中,使另外的固体反应产物沉淀下来。回收的产物进行真空干燥,得到0.78克的金色粉末。成品的31P核磁共振谱在169.9ppm处显示出主单峰(Ni(配位体“A”)CH2=CH2),和在162.8ppm处显示出次单峰(Ni(配位体“A”)2)。
5克酸洗的碳放在石英管中,在管式炉中在氮气流中加热到100℃达1小时。石英管冷却到室温,密封,和转移到充氮手套箱中。干燥的碳然后用0.5克(0.57毫摩)〔Ni(配位体“A”)CH2=CH2〕的10毫升无水甲苯溶液搅拌30分钟。甲苯溶剂在真空下进行蒸发,以提供干燥的{Ni(配位体“A”)CH2=CH2}/C催化剂。
实例2
SiO2载体镍(0)(配位体“A”)2的合成,
其中配位体“A”是式II所示的配位体,式II中
每个R4是OCH3,每个R6是叔丁基
在玻璃反应器中,放入0.25克(0.86毫摩)的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和25ml的水。向所得到的溶液中加入10克的二氧化硅颗粒。搅拌混合物,然后在真空下干燥。在石英管中,在氮气流下加热进一步干燥得到的涂有Ni(NO3)2的二氧化硅。温度以30℃/分的速度由室温逐渐增加到300℃,并在300℃的温度下维持1小时。中断氮气流,打开氢气流。在1小时内温度上升到500℃,保持2小时。石英管内含物冷却到室温,然后转移到充氮手套箱内。在20毫升的玻璃瓶中,用0.17克(0.22毫摩)溶解在5毫升无水甲苯中的配位体“A”处理1.28克所得到的SiO2-载体零价镍。该混合物搅拌10分钟;然后在真空下除去甲苯,以形成{Ni(0)+(配位体“A”)2/SiO2}催化剂。
实例3-11
2-甲基-3-丁烯腈的气相异构化
在充氮手套箱内,在中空的直径0.25英寸(0.64厘米)×长度15英寸(38.1厘米)的不锈钢管反应器的底部放入玻璃棉塞。将表1所示的数量和类型的零价Ni(0)催化剂引入反应器中。在使用包含二配位基的亚磷酸酯配位体的催化剂组合物的所有实例中,配位体都是配位体“A”。然后反应器与用氮气冲洗过的进料和产物回收装置相连。原料腈以8.2-10.6%2M3BN的乙腈溶液送入或以纯净的2M3BN送入。用冷却到0℃的乙二醇循环的夹套接受器与反应器出口侧相连。液体产物定期的移出,用气相色谱(GC)进行分析。气相色谱分析是在由J&WScientific,Folsom,加利福尼亚提供的内径0.32毫米的30m DB-23毛细血管柱中进行的。0.5%1-氰基辛烷的甲苯溶液也送入接受器中,该溶液用作气相色谱的内标。为保证完全蒸发,氮气,2M3BN和乙腈料液流预热到165℃。反应器在剖分管式炉中加热到表1所示的温度。大致每隔1小时收集一次产物样品。
表1综合了实验的条件,和实验的结果。转化率%的意思是指
Figure C9519626800101
作为进料使用的原料2M3BN含有少量的3PN和4PN,对应于约1.5%的转化率,下文报道的数据中包含了此转化率。实例5,6,7使用了相同的催化剂,表明二氧化硅是比碳或氧化铝更为优选的载体。在没有二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体存在时,例8和例11的实验仅给出了很低的转化率,例8和例11都使用零价镍作催化剂。在表中,“A”代表配位体“A”;“PTTP”代表亚磷酸对-三甲苯基酯;“OTPP”代表亚磷酸邻-三甲苯基酯。
                                                              表1
                                                 2M3BN气相异构化为3PN和4PN
      催化剂            催化剂       2M3BN给料      N2给料    2M3BN/Ni                                   (3PN)   (4PN)实例      (载体)            g,%Ni      毫摩/小时      毫升/分     摩/克原子     温度℃      经过时间小时    气相色谱面积%      转化率%3    Ni["A"]CH2=CH2   0.61,0.61       1.0            5          15.7          150           1            0.98    0.01          76
                                                                                150           2            1.64    0.03          69
      (碳)                                                                      150           3            1.48    0.02          53
                                                                                150           4            1.10    0             38
                                                                                150           5            0.87    0             304    Ni["A"]CH2=CH2   1.12,0.47      0.95           10          10.6          145           1            2.18    0.14          89.6
                                                                                145           2            2.89    0.13          92.1
     (SiO2)                                                                    145           3            3.05    0.11          91.9
                                                                                145           4            3.14    0.10          91.8
                                                                                145           5            3.08    0.09          91.6
                                                                                145           6            3.09    0.08          91.45        Ni["A"]2       1.0,0.35        1             10          16.7          145           1            0.08    0             1.5用2当量的(C2H5)3Al/当量Ni预处理的催化剂                                          145           2            0.10    0             1.9
 (Al2O3)                                                                      145           3            0.10    0             2.0
 Ni["A]2             1.0,0.33        1             10          17.8          145           1            2.84    0.26          88.8
                                                                                145           2            3.37    0.30          91.8
 (SiO2)                                                                        145           3            3.47    0.28          92.4
                                                                                145           4            3.56    0.24          91.8
                                                                                145           5            3.57    0.20          90.8
                                                                                145           5.5          3.54    0.18          90.3
  催化剂         催化剂     2M3BN给料   N2给料   2M3BN/Ni                           (3PN)  (4PN)实例  (载体)         g,%Ni    毫摩/小时   毫升/分   摩/克原子   温度℃  经过时间小时  气相色谱面积%  转化率%7    Ni["A"]2     1.05,0.35    5.1        10         81.3       150      1            0.01    0        0.9
                                                                150      2            0.26    0        5.0
   (碳)                                                         150      3            0.34    0        6.1
                                                                150      4            0.31    0        5.58    Ni[PTTP]4      1.00,1.14    1          10         5.1        145      1            0.05    0        10.6
                                                                145      2            0.07    0        7.1
   (碳)                                                         145      3            0.07    0        4.1
                                                                145      4            0.08    0        3.09    Ni+2["A"]     1.63,0.47    0.95       10         7.3        145      1            0.42    0        10.1
                                                                145      2            0.55    0        13.8
   (SiO2)                                                      145      3            0.55    0        13.8
                                                                145      4            0.51    0        12.9
                                                                145      5            0.47    0        11.710 Ni[OTTP]2CH2=CH2 1.00,0.42
   (+"A")                    0.95       10         13.3       145      1            0.19    0        25.3
                                                                145      2            0.70    0.03     23.8
   (碳)                                                         145      3            0.72    0        19.5
                                                                145      4            0.63    0        16.4
                                                                145      5            0.57    0        14.611 Ni[OTTP]2CH2=CH21.04,0.37   5.1        10         77.7       150      1            0.07    0        1.3
                                                                150      2            0.08    0        1.5
   (碳)                                                         150      3            0.10    0        1.5
                                                                150      4            0.09    0        1.6
                                                                150      5            0.08    0        1.5
实例12-13
利用在线的气相色谱分析检测得到的
2-甲基-3-丁烯腈的气相异构化
使用与实例3-11所叙述的相同的反应器和步骤,且此反应器与步骤与连续的气相色谱检测过程相适应。进料和出料管线用反应气体吹洗。出料管线与气相色谱相连,管线和取样阀都加热到165℃。反应温度145℃;实例12的催化剂是Ni(配位体“A”)2/SiO2,实例13的催化剂是(Ni(OTPP)2CH2=CH2+配位体“A”)/SiO2。原料2M3BN的进料含有3PN和4PN,一同相应于约10.9%的转化率,下文报道的结果包括了此转化率。PN的总百分数值按下式测定
Figure C9519626800131
有用的PN的百分值是按下式测定
Figure C9519626800132
下文表2中的实例12和表3中的实例1 3给出了实验条件也给出了实验结果。
                                                              表2
                                                 在145℃时2M3BN气相异构化为3PN和4PN催化剂       催化剂       2M3BN给料    N2给料    2M3BN/Ni                                              (3PN)   (4PN)实例   (载体)     克,重量%Ni    毫摩/时      毫升/分    毫摩/克原子  经过时间小时    %转化率     %PN/总量   气相色谱面积%    %有用的PN12    Ni["A″]2  0.99,0.33      2.06          10          26.9
   (SiO2)                                                              1            92.3          89.7     32.62    2.77       45.5
                                                                        2            92.8          97.7     62.66    5.51       78.4
                                                                        3            92.6          98.1     62.49    4.76       77.2
                                                                        4            92.5          98.6     65.28    3.72       77.8
                                                                        5            92.4          99.0     67.00    3.10       78.5
                                                                        6            92.1          98.5     67.04    2.81       78.3
                                                                        7            92.4          98.6     67.58    2.60       78.3
                                                                        8            92.0          98.9     67.99    2.23       78.2
                                                                        9            92.5          99.0     69.31    2.08       79.0
                                                                       10            91.7          98.9     68.29    1.94       78.2
                                                                       11            92.7          98.8     69.83    1.99       79.1
                                                                       12            91.3          99.0     67.41    1.73       77.2
                                                                       13            91.8          99.1     68.38    1.80       77.9
                                                                       14            92.0          99.1     69.03    1.70       78.1
                                                                       15            91.8          99.4     69.39    1.68       78.6
                                                                       16            92.0          99.2     69.11    1.67       78.3
                                                                       17            91.9          99.3     69.54    1.60       78.5
                                                                       18            92.1          99.3     69.79    1.66       78.7
                                                                       19            92.0          99.3     69.99    1.63       78.9
                                                                       20            91.6          99.3     69.33    1.50       78.3
                                                                       21            92.0          99.3     69.40    1.60       78.2
                                                                      进料           10.9          78.5      0.12    --         81.5
                                                       表3
                                        在145℃时2M3BN气相异构化为3PN和4PN
         催化剂              催化剂      2M3BN给料    N2给料     2M3BN/Ni     经过时间       %                     (3PN)    (4PN)实例        (载体)             (克,%Ni)   毫摩/小时    毫升/分    毫摩/克原子     小时        转化率     %PN/总量     气相色谱面积%      %有用的PN13  Ni[OTTP]2CH2=CH2+"A" 1.01,0.31      2.06         10          28.6
 (SiO2)                                                                             0.75         92.7         89.3        58.92    4.89          77.7
                                                                                1.75         93.0         98.4        67.89    4.63          79.5
                                                                                2.75         92.0         98.9        69.00    4.13          79.9
                                                                                3.75         91.5         98.2        67.24    3.38          78.3
                                                                                4.75         92.3         99.1        69.96    3.38          80.1
                                                                                5.75         92.5         99.3        68.65    3.72          79.0
                                                                                6.75         93.1         99.2        70.37    3.46          80.0
                                                                                7.75         93.1         98.9        70.58    3.28          80.1
                                                                                8.75         90.4         99.2        60.66    2.91          72.7
                                                                                9.75         93.3         99.4        70.96    3.34          80.3
                                                                               10.75         90.2         99.3        66.34    2.68          76.4
                                                                               11.75         91.7         99.2        62.88    2.81          73.5
                                                                               12.75         91.1         99.3        68.14    2.68          78.9
                                                                               13.75         93.7         98.8        73.29    2.82          80.5
                                                                               14.75         93.0         98.9        65.63    2.59          75.8
                                                                               16.75         90.8         99.6        66.18    2.53          76.7
                                                                               17.75         92.8         97.9        68.85    2.86          79.2
                                                                               18.75         93.0         98.3        70.76    2.89          78.8
                                                                               19.75         93.2         99.0        71.84    2.61          79.6
                                                                               20.75         92.6         98.5        70.76    2.45          80.4
                                                                           进料          10.9         99.5         1.37    --            87.9
虽然前面的说明已描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是本领域的技术人员应当懂得,在不背离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,本发明可以作出多种更改,替换和重新安排。应当参照所附权利要求书,而不是前述的说明书来表示本发明的范围。

Claims (12)

1.无环的脂族的非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈气相异构化的方法,该方法包括在温度在135°-170℃的范围内使原料腈与包含零价镍和至少一种二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体的载体催化剂组合物接触,以生成非共轭的直链的无环的3-和/或4-单烯腈,该二配位基亚磷酸酯配位体选自式I和式II所示的配位体,式I其中
每个R1独立地是3-12个碳原子的二级或三级烃基;
每个R2独立地是H,C1-C12烷基,或者OR3,其中R3是C1-C12烷基;
Figure C9519626800022
式II式中
每个R4独立地是最多12个碳原子的三级烃,或者OR5,其中R5是C1-C12烷基;
每个R6独立地是最多12个碳原子的三级烃。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中反应温度是140°-160℃。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中反应温度是145°-150℃。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中原料2-烷基-3-单烯腈是由下式表示的化合物,
Figure C9519626800031
其中
R7是H或C1-C3烷基。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中原料腈是2-甲基-3-丁烯腈。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中原料2-烷基-3-单烯腈进一步被至少一个其它基团所取代,该基团对催化剂没有不利的影响。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中异构化是在101.3kPa到1013kPa的压力下进行的。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中异构化是以连续的方式进行的,给料速要使原料2-烷基-3-烯腈与催化剂的摩尔比在5∶1/小时-100∶1/小时之间。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中催化剂载带在载体上,载体选自二氧化硅,氧化铝和碳。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中原料2-烷基-3-烯腈以纯蒸汽的形式引入异构化反应。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中原料2-烷基-3-烯腈是以挥发性溶剂的蒸发溶液形式引入异构化反应。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中溶剂选自饱和的和芳香的烃以及脂族腈,而这些饱和烃,芳香烃和脂族腈在异构化的反应温度下是气态。
CN95196268A 1994-11-18 1995-11-01 非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化 Expired - Lifetime CN1077883C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/341,726 US5440067A (en) 1994-11-18 1994-11-18 Catalyzed gas phase isomerization of nonconjugated 2-alkyl-3-monoalkenenitriles
US08/341,726 1994-11-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1168664A CN1168664A (zh) 1997-12-24
CN1077883C true CN1077883C (zh) 2002-01-16

Family

ID=23338763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN95196268A Expired - Lifetime CN1077883C (zh) 1994-11-18 1995-11-01 非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5440067A (zh)
EP (1) EP0792260B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3478400B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100267821B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1077883C (zh)
AT (1) ATE182136T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR9510346A (zh)
CA (1) CA2200302C (zh)
DE (1) DE69510816T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2136320T3 (zh)
IN (1) IN186365B (zh)
MY (1) MY112489A (zh)
WO (1) WO1996016025A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR9408151A (pt) * 1993-11-23 1997-08-05 Du Pont Processos de hidrocianação de precursor de catalisador
ES2151958T3 (es) 1994-04-14 2001-01-16 Du Pont Composiciones de catalizador de niquel y fosfito bidentado para hidrocianacion de monoolefinas.
US5512696A (en) * 1995-07-21 1996-04-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrocyanation process and multidentate phosphite and nickel catalyst composition therefor
TW315370B (zh) * 1994-10-07 1997-09-11 Du Pont
US5821378A (en) * 1995-01-27 1998-10-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrocyanation of diolefins and isomerization of nonconjugated 2-alkyl-3-monoalkenenitriles
IN187044B (zh) * 1995-01-27 2002-01-05 Du Pont
US5693843A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-12-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for hydrocyanation of diolefins and isomerization of nonconjugated 2 alkyl-3-monoalkenenitriles
IN191158B (zh) * 1996-04-02 2003-10-11 Du Pont
DE19825212A1 (de) 1998-06-05 1999-12-09 Basf Ag Katalysator, umfassend einen Komplex eines Metalls der VIII. Nebengruppe auf Basis eines zweizähnigen Phosphonitliganden und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nitrilen
FR2823746B1 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2003-05-23 Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates Procede d'isomerisation de mononitriles insatures ramifies en mononitriles insatures lineaires
FR2849027B1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2005-01-21 Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates Procede de synthese de composes comprenant des fonctions nitriles a partir de composes a insaturations ethyleniques
FR2850966B1 (fr) 2003-02-10 2005-03-18 Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates Procede de fabrication de composes dinitriles
DE10311119A1 (de) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Isomerisierung von 2-Methyl-3-butennitril zu linearem Pentennitril
DE10323803A1 (de) * 2003-04-22 2004-11-11 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Isomerisierung von cis-2-Pentennitril zu trans-3-Pentennitril
FR2854891B1 (fr) 2003-05-12 2006-07-07 Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates Procede de preparation de dinitriles
FR2854892B1 (fr) * 2003-05-12 2005-06-24 Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates Procede de fabrication de dinitriles
US7709674B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2010-05-04 Invista North America S.A R.L Hydrocyanation process with reduced yield losses
DE102008043584A1 (de) 2008-11-07 2010-05-12 Evonik Oxeno Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Chlorodibenzo(d,f) (1,3,2)-dioxaphosphepin
DE102008043582A1 (de) 2008-11-07 2010-05-12 Evonik Oxeno Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Chlorodibenzo(d,f) (1,3,2)-dioxaphosphepin
DE102011002639A1 (de) 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Evonik Oxeno Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biphephos
DE102011002640B4 (de) 2011-01-13 2021-10-07 Evonik Operations Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Biphephos
PL3145940T4 (pl) 2014-05-20 2019-05-31 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Sposób redukcji zawartości chloru w organomonofosfitach przy zastosowaniu dwóch roztworów

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676481A (en) * 1970-06-29 1972-07-11 Du Pont Catalytic isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to linear pentenenitriles in the presence of certain metal salt and/or tri(hydrocarbyl)boron promoters

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853948A (en) * 1965-11-23 1974-12-10 Du Pont Catalytic isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to linear pentene-nitriles
US3526654A (en) * 1968-05-17 1970-09-01 Du Pont Isomerization of 2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile
US3739011A (en) * 1971-04-30 1973-06-12 Du Pont Catalytic isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to linear pentenenitriles
US3766237A (en) * 1972-01-25 1973-10-16 Du Pont Hydrocyanation of olefins
US3852325A (en) * 1973-08-29 1974-12-03 Du Pont Selective isomerization of pentenenitriles
US3852328A (en) * 1973-09-26 1974-12-03 Du Pont Catalytic isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to a linear pentenenitrile
US3852329A (en) * 1973-10-02 1974-12-03 Du Pont Process for isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butene-nitrile to a linear pentenenitrile
US4298546A (en) * 1980-08-05 1981-11-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile
US4783546A (en) * 1987-06-02 1988-11-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Preparation of 4-pentenenitrile by isomerization

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676481A (en) * 1970-06-29 1972-07-11 Du Pont Catalytic isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to linear pentenenitriles in the presence of certain metal salt and/or tri(hydrocarbyl)boron promoters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69510816D1 (de) 1999-08-19
CN1168664A (zh) 1997-12-24
US5440067A (en) 1995-08-08
EP0792260B1 (en) 1999-07-14
MY112489A (en) 2001-06-30
DE69510816T2 (de) 2000-02-17
ATE182136T1 (de) 1999-07-15
IN186365B (zh) 2001-08-18
CA2200302C (en) 2007-01-09
WO1996016025A1 (en) 1996-05-30
CA2200302A1 (en) 1996-05-30
BR9510346A (pt) 1998-06-02
ES2136320T3 (es) 1999-11-16
KR970707079A (ko) 1997-12-01
JP3478400B2 (ja) 2003-12-15
JPH10509175A (ja) 1998-09-08
EP0792260A1 (en) 1997-09-03
KR100267821B1 (ko) 2000-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1077883C (zh) 非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯腈的催化气相异构化
CN1068307C (zh) 双烯属化合物的催化气相氢氰化
CN1090174C (zh) 用于二烯烃的氢氰化和非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯烃腈的异构化的改进方法
CN1255415C (zh) 用于二烯烃的氢氰化和非共轭2-烷基-3-单烯烃腈的异构化的多齿亚磷酸酯配体和镍催化剂组合物
CN1072980C (zh) 用于单烯烃氢氰化的双配位亚磷酸酯和镍的催化剂复合物
CN1283620C (zh) 包含烯属不饱和度的有机化合物的氢氰化方法
CN1745062A (zh) 由烯属不饱和化合物合成具有腈官能团的化合物的方法
CN1258522C (zh) 多齿亚磷酸酯配体、含有这类配体的催化组合物和使用这类催化组合物的催化方法
CN1327881A (zh) 催化剂前身组合物
CN1674989A (zh) 由烯属不饱和化合物制备腈化合物的方法
CN1487917A (zh) 使用烯属不饱和化合物生产腈化合物的方法
CN1131850C (zh) 末端醛的制备方法
CN1675172A (zh) 由烯属不饱和化合物制备腈类的方法
CN1270543A (zh) 包括至少一个基于亚膦酸配体的镍(o)配合物的催化剂及腈的制备
CN1061588A (zh) 改进的醛化方法
CN1198151A (zh) 烯烃不饱和有机化合物的氢氰化方法
CN1274699C (zh) 亚膦酸酯、它们作为过渡金属配合物中的配体的用途以及生产腈的方法
CN1914167A (zh) 分离戊烯腈异构体的方法
CN1091415A (zh) 链烯的铑催化羰基化生产其氧化产物的方法
EP0891323B1 (en) Catalyzed vapor-phase hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds
CN1012964B (zh) 在液相下从不饱和烃馏分中同时除去砷和氧硫化碳的方法
EP1621531B1 (en) Catayzed vapor-phase hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds
CN1729152A (zh) 烯属不饱和化合物转化为醇的加氢甲酰化方法
EP0891324B1 (en) Catalyzed vapor-phase isomerization of nonconjugated 2-alkyl-3-monoalkenenitriles
CN1259929A (zh) 二苄醚裂解和煤液化的催化剂体系和方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
ASS Succession or assignment of patent right

Owner name: INVISTA TECH SARL

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND CO.

Effective date: 20060113

C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20060113

Address after: Zurich Switzerland

Patentee after: INVISTA TECHNOLOGIES S.A.R.L.

Address before: Wilmington, Delaware, USA

Patentee before: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.

CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20020116

EXPY Termination of patent right or utility model