CN107778739A - 一种基于pvb和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种基于pvb和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107778739A
CN107778739A CN201710936386.0A CN201710936386A CN107778739A CN 107778739 A CN107778739 A CN 107778739A CN 201710936386 A CN201710936386 A CN 201710936386A CN 107778739 A CN107778739 A CN 107778739A
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flame resistant
resistant glass
pvb
glass film
inorganic
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王智敏
许晓路
沈素媚
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Zhejiang Shuren University
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    • C08J2329/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols

Abstract

本发明公开一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用，该制备方法具体为将5wt％～45wt％无机基质饱和水溶液和55wt％～95wt％的PVB混合，在70℃～95℃下加热并搅拌均匀，然后将混料在70℃～95℃下挤出成型，冷却，即得防火玻璃膜，且无机基质由水玻璃和铝盐中的一种或两种按任意配比组成。本发明的防火玻璃生产制造简单，重量小、面积大、性质可变、加工安装和运输方便，且防火玻璃膜在火灾的高温灼烧下，能够形成耐火材料覆盖层，并使该覆盖层成为无机防火骨架，提高了防火层的机械强度、耐火性能、和隔热效果，并在火灾中能起到机械完整性和隔热耐火性的作用。

Description

一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及防火材料制造技术领域，具体涉及一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
防火玻璃属安全玻璃的一种，是一种能够阻挡火焰、烟雾、热辐射、防止火焰蔓延，在一定时间内，保持完整性、稳定性的具有透明性的特种玻璃，并应具有一定的抗冲击强度，在1000℃的火焰烘烤下在一定时间内仍能起到保护作用。防火玻璃现在正逐步被广泛应用于大型公共建筑隔断、防火分区、室外幕墙等建筑部位，防火玻璃以透明为特性，最大限度地满足了建筑防火和建筑美学的和谐统一。
按结构分，防火玻璃包括以下两类：单片防火玻璃和复合防火玻璃。单片防火玻璃的缺点是只能阻隔火焰，但不隔热，且抗震、抗冲击性能差。复合防火玻璃包括采用夹层法和灌浆法制备的A类夹胶法复合隔热型和A类不发乌灌注型防火玻璃。夹层法制备的复合防火玻璃虽然隔热、抗震、抗冲击，但耐火性普遍较差；而灌浆法制备的灌注型防火玻璃，虽然其有较好的耐火完整性和较好的隔热效果，但是由于其灌浆中含有大量的水分，使得防火玻璃的厚度大，重量大，这限制了它的安装成本和使用范围。同时，加工时由于是在定制好的双层玻璃的盒子中灌注如防火液后形成凝胶层，这造成灌注式防火玻璃的加工复杂，并且按尺寸加工后的复合玻璃不能随意切割等缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜及其制备方法和应用，该防火玻璃膜可被任意切割后，夹胶到两块玻璃之间，即成为复合的防火玻璃。此种防火玻璃生产制造简单，重量小、面积大、性质可变、加工安装和运输方便。具体技术方案如下：
一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法具体如下：将5wt％～45wt％无机基质饱和水溶液和55wt％～95wt％的PVB混合，在70℃～95℃下加热并搅拌均匀，然后将混料在70℃～95℃下挤出成型，冷却，即得防火玻璃膜；所述的无机基质由水玻璃和铝盐中的一种或两种按任意配比组成。
进一步地，所述的无机基质还包括氯化钠，所述的氯化钠的含量不超过无机基质总重量的15％。
进一步地，所述的铝盐为氯化铝、或硫酸铝钾、或水溶性的偏铝酸盐。
进一步地，所述的水玻璃为钠水玻璃或钾水玻璃。
进一步地，所述的PVB为粉末状、或颗粒状、或片状。
一种由上述制备方法得到的防火玻璃膜。
一种由上述防火玻璃膜制成的防火玻璃，其特征在于，其由上下两层玻璃以及夹胶在上下两层玻璃之间的防火玻璃膜组成。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明的基于PVB-无机基质的防火玻璃膜可随意切割后，夹胶到两块玻璃之间，即成为复合的防火玻璃，制备工艺简单，制得的防火玻璃重量小、面积大、性质可变、加工安装和运输都很方便。在火灾的高温灼烧下，复合物中包埋的水份汽化，使得PVB树脂发泡成为泡沫树脂。同时，复合的无机基材覆盖在泡沫树脂的泡沫壁上，形成无机基材覆盖的阻燃层。同时，在火灾高温的作用下，无机基材进一步被烧结而交联缩合为无机多孔性结构的耐火材料覆盖层，并使该覆盖层成为无机防火骨架，提高了防火层的机械强度、耐火性能、和隔热效果，并在火灾中能起到机械完整性和隔热耐火性的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明的基于PVB-无机基质的防火玻璃膜作进一步的阐述。
实施例1
将偏铝酸钠用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至9.0，使偏铝酸钠其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至近饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将95wt％PVB粉末和5wt％的无机基质饱和溶液混合，在85℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在85℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
实施例2
将75wt％硫酸铝钾用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至11.0，使硫酸铝钾完全溶解，再溶液中加入25wt％水玻璃、5wt％氯化钠，加热搅拌使其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将85wt％PVB粉末和15wt％的无机基质饱和溶液混合，在70℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在70℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
实施例3
将40wt％氯化铝用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至10.0，使氯化铝其完全溶解，在溶液中加入45wt％水玻璃、15wt％氯化钠，加热搅拌使其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将75wt％PVB粉末和25wt％的无机基材饱和溶液混合，在95℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在95℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
实施例4
将20wt％偏铝酸钠用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至10.5，使偏铝酸钠其完全溶解，在溶液中加入70wt％水玻璃、10wt％氯化钠，加热搅拌使其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将65wt％PVB粉末和35wt％的无机基材饱和溶液混合，在90℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在90℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
实施例5
将水玻璃用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至10.0，使水玻璃其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至近饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将55wt％PVB粉末和45wt％的无机基质饱和溶液混合，在85℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在85℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
实施例6
将50wt％氯化铝用去离子水溶解，并用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至10.0，使氯化铝其完全溶解，在溶液中加入50wt％水玻璃，加热搅拌使其完全溶解，将溶液加热蒸发至饱和，冷却至室温，静置，过滤，取滤液作为无机基材饱和溶液备用；
将65wt％PVB粉末和35wt％的无机基材饱和溶液混合，在85℃加热并搅拌均匀，然后将搅拌均匀后的混料输送到螺杆式塑料挤出机挤出成型，螺杆和挤出头模具的温度控制在85℃，挤出的膜冷却后即成复合防火膜。
将上述实施例1-6制成厚度为5mm的防火膜，在防火膜的内外各用5mm厚的普通浮法玻璃，在80℃的条件下抽真空夹胶制得试验用防火玻璃。按照GB15763.1—2001中A类防火玻璃标准进行测试。所获得实施例1-6的防火玻璃的透光率和向火面1100℃，背火面温度≤140℃的耐火时间(min)如表1所示。
表1实施例1-6的防火玻璃的透光率和向火面1100℃，背火面温度≤140℃的耐火时间(min)列表
从表中可以看出，加了防火玻璃膜的防火玻璃的透光率和耐火时间均较好，同时兼具重量小、生产工艺简单、能切割、便于运输安装等等优点。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法具体如下：将5wt％～45wt％无机基质饱和水溶液和55wt％～95wt％的PVB混合，在70℃～95℃下加热并搅拌均匀，然后将混料在70℃～95℃下挤出成型，冷却，即得防火玻璃膜；所述的无机基质由水玻璃和铝盐中的一种或两种按任意配比组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜，所述的无机基质还包括氯化钠，所述的氯化钠的含量不超过无机基质总重量的15％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于PVB和无机基质的防火玻璃膜的制备方法，所述的铝盐为氯化铝或水溶性的偏铝酸盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于PVB-无机基质的防火玻璃膜的制备方法，所述的水玻璃为钠水玻璃或钾水玻璃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于PVB-无机基质的防火玻璃膜的制备方法，所述的PVB为粉末状或颗粒状或片状。
6.一种由上述权利要求的制备方法得到的防火玻璃膜。
7.一种由权利要求6的防火玻璃膜制成的防火玻璃，其特征在于，其由上下两层玻璃以及夹胶在上下两层玻璃之间的防火玻璃膜组成。
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CN110423087A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-11-08 浙江树人学院（浙江树人大学） 一种热发泡型防火隔热板的制备方法
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CN113999357B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2024-01-30 嘉兴柯程科技有限责任公司 一种透明防火胶板、夹胶型防火玻璃及其制备方法

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