CN107010991A - 一种防火保温板 - Google Patents
一种防火保温板 Download PDFInfo
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防火保温板,主要由100份氧化镁、75‑90份硫酸镁、20‑30份粉煤灰、20‑30份聚苯颗粒、15‑20份水玻璃、2‑5份水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维、4‑6份粘结组分和1‑1.5份发泡剂制备而成。本发明提供的防火保温板不仅具有良好的保温性能,而且比强度较高、阻燃性能好,其燃烧性能指标可达到A级,可广泛用于建筑外墙和屋顶的保温层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种防火保温板。
背景技术
每年全世界约有30%的能源消耗在建筑物中,因此建筑节能意义重大。为达到节能效果,建筑屋顶和墙体一般均要求采用保温板保温隔热,以减少建筑物内外的热量传导,保持室内温度稳定,达到环保节能的效果。传统外墙保温隔热层一般是将水泥和保温颗粒材料的混合浆料灌注在墙面,存在质量重、容易从墙面脱落的问题。现在用于外墙保温的保温板一般为有机材料通过发泡方式制作的轻质保温板,不仅避免了传统外墙保温隔热层质量重的问题,而且隔热性和抗湿性效果均不错,但强度一般不够理想,而且有机材料的阻燃性能往往较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防火保温板,以解决目前轻质保温隔热板存在的强度不理想、阻燃性能差的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种轻匀质防火保温板,主要由如下重量份数的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为36-40°Bé。
在本发明中,氧化镁、硫酸镁和粉煤灰均为无机不燃材料,可以提高整个防火板的阻燃性能。其中,氧化镁的活性含量优选65%以上;硫酸镁优选纯度为98%以上的七水硫酸镁。
粉煤灰具有潜在的火山灰活性,需要激发才能发挥其活性。本发明中使用的粉煤灰优选国标一级灰,国标一级灰的颗粒小,瓦解了粉煤灰的结构,释放内部可溶性SiO2和A12O3,将网络高聚体解聚成低聚度硅铝酸(盐)胶体物,激发了粉煤灰潜在的火山灰活性。
聚苯颗粒为聚苯乙烯材料膨胀发泡制得,含有大量封闭的气泡,具有密度小、导热系数低、不吸水等特性,能有效提高防火保温板的保温性能和防水性能,并且耐腐蚀、耐霉变的能力极强;聚苯颗粒还可以为防火保温板提供骨架支撑,其弹性模量较低,具有优异的韧性,受到外力作用时可以通过发生弹性形变吸收能量,可以提高防火保温板的抗压能力和抗裂性能;但聚苯颗粒是有机材料,相对容易燃烧,将不燃的水玻璃包覆在聚苯颗粒表面,可以有效提高其阻燃性。本发明中优选采用粒径2-3mm的聚苯颗粒。
水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维极易溶于水形成聚乙烯醇溶液,便于与其他材料混合均匀,利于在防火保温板中形成立体的网状结构,增加防火保温板的强度;另一方面,水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维与防火保温板中的其它组份间的亲和性均较好,粘合强度较高;但是水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维作为一种有机材料,阻燃性相对较差,因此在生产过程中采取将不燃的水玻璃包覆在其表面的处理方式。水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维可以根据溶解温度的不同分为多个种类,本发明可以采用不同种类的水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维,只需要在生产工艺过程中采用合适温度的水对水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维进行溶解即可。
本发明中所采用的水玻璃浓度不能太高,波美度在36-40°Bé之间较为适宜,避免因水玻璃过分粘稠,导致与聚苯颗粒和水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维不能混合均匀;而且水玻璃浓度过高还容易出现固化过快的问题,不利于施工。
粘结组分可以增强防火保温板中各组分间的粘接力,提高防火保温板的强度。粘结组分可以选用钠基膨润土、丙烯酸乳液、醋酸乙烯乳液中的一种或多种。在本发明中使用钠基膨润土时要提前24h以上用适量的水稀释膨胀。
发泡剂可以在发泡机中制成丰富且稳定的泡沫,与其他原料配置成的料浆混合后制作防火保温板,可满足防火保温板质轻和导热系数小的要求。本发明中所采用的的发泡剂可以选用动物蛋白发泡剂等建筑行业常用的发泡剂。
进一步的,所述粘结组分包括重量份数比为2:2:1的钠基膨润土、玉米淀粉和羧甲基纤维素钠。将钠基膨润土、玉米淀粉和羧甲基纤维素钠按照2:2:1的比例混用对于增强防火保温板中各组分间的粘接力的效果较好,可以提高防火保温板的强度。
进一步的,所述发泡剂包括重量份数比为3:1的动物蛋白发泡剂和皂角苷。在动物蛋白发泡剂中加入一定比例的皂角苷可以使泡沫更加丰富和稳定。
进一步的,所述防火保温板的制备方法包括:
(1)将硫酸镁与等量的水混合制成硫酸镁溶液;
(2)将水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维加入2倍的水中制成聚乙烯醇溶液,再将聚乙烯醇溶液和聚苯颗粒加入水玻璃中混合均匀获得第一混合料;
(3)将硫酸镁溶液、氧化镁、粉煤灰和粘结组分加入螺带式混合机中混合均匀,再加入第一混合料混合均匀获得第二混合料;
(4)将发泡剂用20-40倍的水溶解后用发泡机制成泡沫,将第二混合料加入泡沫中,混合均匀获得料浆;
(5)将料浆经辊压成型、切割、养护、整型后即可获得防火保温板。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的防火保温板不仅具有良好的保温性能,而且比强度较高、阻燃性能好,其燃烧性能指标可达到A级,可广泛用于建筑外墙和屋顶的保温层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为36°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将硫酸镁与等量的水混合制成硫酸镁溶液;
(2)将水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维加入2倍的水中制成聚乙烯醇溶液,再将聚乙烯醇溶液和聚苯颗粒加入水玻璃中混合均匀获得第一混合料;
(3)将硫酸镁溶液、氧化镁、粉煤灰和膨胀后的钠基膨润土加入螺带式混合机中混合均匀,再加入第一混合料混合均匀获得第二混合料;
(4)将动物蛋白发泡剂用30倍的水溶解后用发泡机制成泡沫,将第二混合料加入泡沫中,混合均匀获得料浆;
(5)将料浆经辊压成型、切割、养护、整型后即可获得防火保温板。
实施例2
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为40°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例5
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例6
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对照例1
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对照例2
一种防火保温板,由如下重量的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为38°Bé;
所述防火保温板的制备方法与实施例1相同。
性能评价
1.实施例1-6的防火保温板的各项性能指标均可满足表1中的各项性能指标要求,本发明提供的防火保温板密度小、强度性能好、导热系数低、阻燃性能优秀。
表1防火保温板性能指标要求
2.将实施例3、实施例4、实施例6、对照例1和对照例2的防火保温板的相关性能进行对比,结果见表2。
表2不同防火保温板的性能对比
与实施例3和对照例1的防火保温板相比,实施例4的防火保温板的强度性能明显较好,说明将钠基膨润土、玉米淀粉和羧甲基纤维素钠按照2:2:1的比例混用对于增强防火保温板中各组分间的粘接力的效果较好,从而可以提高防火保温板的强度。
与实施例3和对照例2的的防火保温板相比,实施例6的防火保温板的干表观密度相对较小,质地更轻,导热系数也更小,说明在动物蛋白发泡剂中加入一定比例的皂角苷可以产生更丰富稳定的泡沫,使防火保温板中颗粒间间隙增大,从而降低防火保温板的重量,同时也提高了防火保温板的隔热效果。
最后应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (4)
1.一种防火保温板,其特征在于,所述防火保温板主要由如下重量份数的各组分制备而成:
所述水玻璃的波美度为36-40°Bé。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温板,其特征在于,所述粘结组分包括重量份数比为2:2:1的钠基膨润土、玉米淀粉和羧甲基纤维素钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温板,其特征在于,所述发泡剂包括重量份数比为3:1的动物蛋白发泡剂和皂角苷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温板,其特征在于,所述防火保温板的制备方法包括:
(1)将硫酸镁与等量的水混合制成硫酸镁溶液;
(2)将水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维加入2倍的水中制成聚乙烯醇溶液,再将聚乙烯醇溶液和聚苯颗粒加入水玻璃中混合均匀获得第一混合料;
(3)将硫酸镁溶液、氧化镁、粉煤灰和粘结组分加入螺带式混合机中混合均匀,再加入第一混合料混合均匀获得第二混合料;
(4)将发泡剂用20-40倍的水溶解后用发泡机制成泡沫,将第二混合料加入泡沫中,混合均匀获得料浆;
(5)将料浆经辊压成型、切割、养护、整型后即可获得防火保温板。
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