CN107768700A - 一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107768700A
CN107768700A CN201710960419.5A CN201710960419A CN107768700A CN 107768700 A CN107768700 A CN 107768700A CN 201710960419 A CN201710960419 A CN 201710960419A CN 107768700 A CN107768700 A CN 107768700A
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proton exchange
perfluorosulfonic acid
exchange film
acid proton
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何伟东
韩玉培
孙达
李依帆
霍伟荣
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

本发明提供一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜,属于质子交换膜的技术领域。一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:S1:向溶剂中加入全氟磺酸树脂粉末,在30‑60℃水浴环境中搅拌至颗粒分散均匀,制得胶体,全氟磺酸树脂粉末与溶剂的比例为(1‑3)g:30ml。S2:将两片电极极片插入到胶体中,在30‑60℃水浴环境中电泳,得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。其生产周期短、工艺简单、膜厚可控,制得的质子交换膜电导率高、薄膜性能好。

Description

一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于质子交换膜的技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法。
背景技术
质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell,PEMFC)作为新一代发电技术,具有工作温度低、启动快、比功率高、结构简单、操作方便等优点,被公认为电动汽车、固定发电站等的首选能源。
质子交换膜(Proton Exchange Membrane,PEM)是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,对电池性能起着关键作用。它不仅具有阻隔作用,还具有传导质子的作用。质子交换膜中,全氟磺酸质子交换膜被广泛地应用。
目前,全氟磺酸质子交换膜的成型工艺主要有:挤出成型、溶液成型和复合成型;挤出成型工艺可分为熔融挤出成型和凝胶挤出成型,熔融挤出成型又分为熔融挤出流延成型和熔融挤出压延成型。所有上述制膜工艺存在的最大问题是工艺周期长、工艺复杂、成膜的成本高。CN106159301A公开了一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其生产周期短、工艺简单、膜厚可控,但是其电导率较低,薄膜性能较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术中上述的不足,本发明提供一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其生产周期短、工艺简单、膜厚可控,制得的质子交换膜电导率高、薄膜性能好。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的解决方案是:
一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:向溶剂中加入全氟磺酸树脂粉末,在30-60℃水浴环境中搅拌至颗粒分散均匀,制得胶体,全氟磺酸树脂粉末与溶剂的比例为1-3g:30ml。
S2:将两片电极极片插入到胶体中,在30-60℃水浴环境中电泳,得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
本发明提供的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法有益效果是,采用全氟磺酸树脂和丙酮作为原料制得适于电泳操作的胶体,然后通过电泳的方法制得全氟磺酸质子交换膜,制备方法简单,原料可得,成本低,适于工业化生产和应用,制备得到的全氟磺酸质子交换膜,经阻抗测试,电导率为(11~22)×10-2S/cm,电导率高,该全氟磺酸质子交换膜在工作中转移电子能力强,其薄膜的性能好。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1提供的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的断面的SEM图;
图2为本发明实施例1提供的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的差热分析图;
图3为本发明实施例1提供的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的拉伸性能测试图;
图4为本发明实施例2提供的除杂前的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的示意图;
图5为本发明实施例2提供的除杂后的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本发明实施例提供的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法进行具体说明。
本发明提供一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:向溶剂中加入全氟磺酸树脂粉末,在30-60℃水浴环境中搅拌至颗粒分散均匀,制得胶体,全氟磺酸树脂粉末与溶剂的比例为(1-3)g:30ml。
S2:将两片电极极片插入到胶体中,在30-60℃水浴环境中电泳,得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
其中,在30-60℃水浴环境中搅拌的目的是为了在稳定可控的条件下,使全氟磺酸树脂完全溶解于溶剂中,使制得的胶体的稳定性更好,更均匀,体系更加稳定,便于电泳时正极极片成膜。搅拌的最佳时间根据悬浮体系与搅拌量而定,搅拌至颗粒分散均匀,得到稳定的胶体。本发明中,搅拌时间的时间优选为0.5-168h,搅拌时间短时后面制得的膜的厚度较薄,搅拌时间较长时后面制得的膜的厚度较厚。通过控制搅拌时间可在一定程度上控制制得膜的厚度。本发明在胶体中电泳的目的是为了使制得的膜的性能更好。
两片电极片包括正极极片和负极极片,正极极片为铂片,负极极片为石墨片,正极极片采用铂片可使制得的膜更为平整光滑,优选的,在电泳步骤前,将铂片在乙醇中进行超声清洗3-5min,然后在去离子水中超声清洗1-2min,目的是为了电泳时铂片上更好的成膜。
在电泳时,施加电压的大小和施加方式主要影响膜的厚度、成膜速度以及膜的致密性,根据发明人研究,从成膜的效果角度考虑,本发明中施加电压优选为1-6V,正极极片与负极极片之间的间距即电极间距优选为3-10mm,电泳时间优选为3-2500s。在电泳操作完成后,将正极极片取下,先自然风干然后再烘干得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜,先自然风干的目的是为了避免直接烘干,使丙酮挥发过快而使膜起泡,影响膜的质量。进一步的,本发明中,设定的自然风干时间为15~30min,烘干温度为80℃,烘干时间为3~5min,从烘箱中取出正极极片放入去离子水中静置15~30min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来即可。
全氟磺酸树脂和溶剂的比例以及电泳条件的控制是本技术的一个核心所在,全氟磺酸质子交换膜的性能与全氟磺酸树脂和溶剂的比例和电泳条件密切相关,使制得的膜的性能较好。
优选的,S2步骤后还包括除杂的步骤,所述除杂的步骤按以下的方式进行:将全氟磺酸质子交换膜置于0.5mol/L的H2O2中在50℃的条件下浸泡1h,然后在50℃蒸馏水中浸泡30min,目的是为了去除有机杂质;然后置于0.5mol/L的H2SO4在50℃的条件下中处理1h,然后在50℃蒸馏水中处理30min,目的是为了去除金属杂质。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
S1:向30ml丙酮中加入1g全氟磺酸树脂,在50℃水浴环境中搅拌0.5h,制得稳定的胶体。
S3:以石墨片为负极极片,以铂片为正极极片,将铂片在乙醇中进行超声清洗3min,然后在去离子水中超声清洗1min,将两片电极极片插入到上述胶体中,施加4V直流电压,电极间距为3mm,在50℃水浴中电泳30s,然后取出正极极片在自然风干的风干15min,然后在80℃的条件下烘干3min,然后将正极极片放入去离子水中静置15min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来然后得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
对获得全氟磺酸质子交换膜的断面进行扫描电镜(SEM)的表征,如图1所示,全氟磺酸质子交换膜的断面呈现出取向一致的链状结构,这些链状结构形成了质子传导的通路;对获得的全氟磺酸质子交换膜进行差热分析及拉伸性能测试,结果如图2及图3所示,从图2中可以看出,全氟磺酸膜的热分解温度在350℃左右,远远高于质子交换膜燃料电池的实际工作温度,该全氟磺酸膜适用于质子交换膜燃料电池,从图3中可以看出,拉伸强度10.81MPa,断裂伸长率216.99%,适用于质子交换膜燃料电池的实际工作条件。
实施例2
S1:向30ml丙酮中加入3g全氟磺酸树脂,在60℃水浴环境中搅拌2h,制得稳定的胶体。
S2:以石墨片为负极极片,以铂片为正极极片,将两片电极极片插入到上述胶体中,施加6V直流电压,电极间距为10mm,在60℃水浴中电泳3s,然后取出正极极片在自然风干的风干30min,然后在80℃的条件下烘干5min,然后将正极极片放入去离子水中静置30min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来然后得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜,将全氟磺酸质子交换膜置于0.5mol/L的H2O2中在50℃的条件下浸泡1h,然后在50℃蒸馏水中浸泡30min;然后置于0.5mol/L的H2SO4在50℃的条件下中处理1h,然后在50℃蒸馏水中处理30min获得除杂后的全氟磺酸质子交换膜。图4为除杂前的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的,图5为除杂后的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的,对比之后可以看出膜含有很多有机杂质,呈现出黑褐色;除杂后的全氟磺酸质子交换膜变得透明。
实施例3
S1:向30ml丙酮中加入1g全氟磺酸树脂,在30℃水浴环境中搅拌168h,制得稳定的胶体。
S2:以石墨片为负极极片,以铂片为正极极片,将铂片在乙醇中进行超声清洗5min,然后在去离子水中超声清洗2min,将两片电极极片插入到上述胶体中,施加3V直流电压,电极间距为5mm,在30℃水浴中电泳2500s,然后取出正极极片在自然风干的风干20min,然后在80℃的条件下烘干4min,然后将正极极片放入去离子水中静置20min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来然后得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
实施例4
S1:向30ml丙酮中加入1g全氟磺酸树脂,在50℃水浴环境中搅拌24h,,制得稳定的胶体。
S2:以石墨片为负极极片,以铂片为正极极片,将两片电极极片插入到上述胶体中,施加1V直流电压,电极间距为3mm,在30℃水浴中电泳1200s,然后取出正极极片在自然风干的风干22min,然后在80℃的条件下烘干4min,然后将正极极片放入去离子水中静置22min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来然后得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
实施例5
S1:向30ml丙酮中加入2g全氟磺酸树脂,在40℃水浴环境中搅拌48h,制得稳定的胶体。
S2:以石墨片为负极极片,以铂片为正极极片,将两片电极极片插入到上述胶体中,施加5V直流电压,电极间距为5mm,在40℃水浴中电泳900s,然后取出正极极片在自然风干的风干15min,然后在80℃的条件下烘干3min,然后将正极极片放入去离子水中静置15min后取出,用镊子将薄膜从电极片上揭下来然后得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
对实施例1-5制备的全氟磺酸质子交换膜进行阻抗测试(温度80℃,相对湿度80%),并计算出电导率,结果如表1所示:
表1:全氟磺酸质子交换膜阻抗测试
由表1可看出,本发明制备的全氟磺酸质子交换膜,电导率为(11-22)×10-2S/cm,均高于商用Nafion N-117在相同条件下的测试结果,满足质子交换膜燃料电池的使用要求。而且可以改变具体实施条件来控制膜的厚度,其可控范围为大于29μm
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1:向溶剂中加入全氟磺酸树脂粉末,在30-60℃水浴环境中搅拌至颗粒分散均匀,制得胶体,所述全氟磺酸树脂粉末与所述溶剂的比例为1-3g:30ml;
S2:将两片电极极片插入到所述胶体中,在30-60℃水浴环境中电泳,得到全氟磺酸质子交换膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为丙酮。
3.根据权利要求1所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述两片电极片包括正极极片和负极极片,所述正极极片为铂片,所述负极极片为石墨片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述电泳步骤前,将所述铂片在乙醇中进行超声清洗3-5min,然后在去离子水中超声清洗1-2min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电泳时施加电压为1-6V。
6.根据权利要求5所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述正极极片与所述负极极片之间的间距为3-10mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电泳时间为3-2500s。
8.根据权利要求1所述的全氟磺酸质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述S2步骤后还包括除杂的步骤,所述除杂的步骤按以下的方式进行:将制得的全氟磺酸质子交换膜置于0.5mol/L的H2O2中在50℃的条件下浸泡1h,然后在50℃的蒸馏水中浸泡30min;然后置于0.5mol/L的H2SO4中在50℃的条件下中处理1h,然后在50℃的蒸馏水中浸泡30min。
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CN108579818A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-09-28 武汉理工大学 固体聚合物电解质水电解膜电极催化剂浆料的制备方法
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CN112421085B (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-03-15 浙江巨化技术中心有限公司 一种全氟磺酸树脂氢燃料电池质子膜及其制备方法

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