CN107759608A - 新型化合物以及包含上述新型化合物的有机发光元件 - Google Patents
新型化合物以及包含上述新型化合物的有机发光元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107759608A CN107759608A CN201710712244.6A CN201710712244A CN107759608A CN 107759608 A CN107759608 A CN 107759608A CN 201710712244 A CN201710712244 A CN 201710712244A CN 107759608 A CN107759608 A CN 107759608A
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- HVCAKYDZEUEPPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(-c2ccncc2)nc(-c(cc2c3cc(-c(cc4c5ccccc55)cc6c4[n]5c4ccccc64)ccc33)ccc2[n]3-c2ccccc2)n1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(-c2ccncc2)nc(-c(cc2c3cc(-c(cc4c5ccccc55)cc6c4[n]5c4ccccc64)ccc33)ccc2[n]3-c2ccccc2)n1 HVCAKYDZEUEPPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALJJKIUXENTTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1c2cc(-c3ccc4[o]c(ccc(-c5cc(-c6cccnc6)nc(-c6cccnc6)c5)c5)c5c4c3)c3)ccc1[n]1c2c3c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound c(cc1c2cc(-c3ccc4[o]c(ccc(-c5cc(-c6cccnc6)nc(-c6cccnc6)c5)c5)c5c4c3)c3)ccc1[n]1c2c3c2c1cccc2 ALJJKIUXENTTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000950 dibromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004816 dichlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/06—Peri-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/76—Dibenzothiophenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
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Abstract
本发明提供由下述化学式1表示的新型化合物以及包含上述新型化合物的有机发光元件。<化学式1>(在上述化学式1中,A、B、C中的至少一个由下述化学式2表示)<化学式2>。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型化合物以及包含上述新型化合物的有机发光元件。
背景技术
近年来,能够通过低电压驱动的自发光型有机发光元件相对于主流的平板显示元件即液晶显示屏(LCD,Liquid crystal display),因为其可视角度和对比度等性能优秀、不需要背光灯而便于实现轻薄化、功耗低、色彩重现范围广等特性,作为新一代的显示元件而备受瞩目。
在有机发光二极管中作为有机物层使用的材料根据其功能大体上能够分为发光层材料、空穴注入材料、空穴输送材料、电子输送材料、电子注入材料等。此外,上述发光材料根据其分子量能够分为高分子和单分子,而根据其发光机制能够分为源于电子的单重激发态的荧光材料、源于电子的三重激发态的磷光材料、源于从三重激发态到单重激发态的电子跃迁的自然荧光材料,此外根据其发光材料能够分为蓝色、绿色、红色发光材料以及更加逼真地显现自然色所需的黄色和橙色。此外,为了提升颜色的纯度以及基于能量跃迁的发光效率,作为发光物质还能够使用主体-掺杂剂(Host/dopant)型物质。其原理在于,通过将能带隙较小的发光物质掺杂剂少量混合到发光层中,使得在主体中生成的激发性电子跃迁到掺杂剂中并借此发光。利用如上所述的原理,能够根据掺杂剂和主体的类型得到所需波长的光。
目前为止,已经公开了很多种能够在如上所述的有机发光元件中使用的物质,但是利用目前已知物质的有机发光元件因为其较高的驱动电压、较低的效率以及较短的使用寿命,并不容易实现实用化。因此,人们一直在努力尝试利用具有优秀特性的物质开发出能够实现低电压驱动且具有较高的亮度和较长的使用寿命的有机发光元件。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在能够保持适合于作为磷光主体的三重态能量的同时对电子、空穴的耐久性优秀,从而在制作元件时薄膜的稳定性以及使用寿命特性优秀的新型化合物以及包含上述新型化合物的有机发光元件。
此外,本发明的目的在于提供一种通过引入异芳基而便于注入和输送电子,从而实现低电压、高效率的新型化合物以及有机发光元件。
为了实现上述目的,
本发明提供由下述化学式1表示的化合物。
<化学式1>
(在上述化学式1中,
A、B、C是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C60的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,或由下述化学式2表示,且A、B、C中的至少一种以上由下述化学式2表示)
<化学式2>
(在上述化学式2中,
X1及X2是分别独立的O、S、C(Ar1)(Ar2)、N(Ar3)或单键,Ar1、Ar2及Ar3是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基,
L是被取代或未取代的C6~C30的亚芳基,
F是被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,
m是1或2,
n及p是分别独立的0至4的整数,且n+p不等于0)
上述化学式2能够由下述化学式3或下述化学式4表示。
<化学式3>
(在上述化学式3中,X1、X2、L、F、m、n及p的定义与上述化学式2相同)
<化学式4>
(在上述化学式4中,X1、X2、L、F、m、n及p的定义与上述化学式2相同)
此外,上述化学式2中的F能够是由下述化学式5表示的结构中的一种。
<化学式5>
(在上述化学式5中,
X是分别独立的C、CR1R2、N或NR1,其中R1、R2是独立的氢、卤素、氨基、腈基、硝基、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基)
此外,作为适用本发明的具体实施例,还提供在阳极(anode)和阴极(cathode)之间包含上述化合物的有机发光元件。
适用本发明的化合物为双相型(bipolar type),能够通过引入P型的吲哚并咔唑而使得空穴的注入和输送更加容易,并通过引入N型的异芳基而使得电子的注入和输送更加容易,从而实现元件的高效率和长寿命,且通过形成较高的Tg而实现在元件驱动时的薄膜的稳定性和长寿命,从而提供尤其适合于绿色磷光主体的三重态能量。
附图说明
图1是适用本发明之实施例的有机发光元件的构成概要截面图。
【符号说明】
10:阳极(anode)
11:空穴注入层(HIL)
12:空穴输送层(HTL)
13:发光层(EML)
14:电子输送层(ETL)
15:电子注入层(EIL)
16:阴极(cathode)
具体实施方式
下面,将对本发明进行详细说明。
适用本发明的化合物的特征在于由下述化学式1表示。
<化学式1>
A、B、C是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C60的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,或由下述化学式2表示,且A、B、C中的至少一种以上由下述化学式2表示。
<化学式2>
其中,X1及X2是分别独立的O、S、C(Ar1)(Ar2)、N(Ar3)或单键,Ar1、Ar2及Ar3是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基,
L是被取代或未取代的C6~C30的亚芳基,
F是被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,
m是1或2,
n及p是分别独立的0至4的整数,且n+p不等于0。
具体来讲,上述化学式2能够由下述化学式3表示。
<化学式3>
或者,上述化学式2能够由下述化学式4表示。
<化学式4>
在上述化学式3及化学式4中,X1、X2、L、F、m、n及p的定义与上述化学式2相同。
在吲哚并咔唑被结合到上述化学式3及化学式4中时相对于被结合到上述化学式2中的X1后X2的情况,因为吲哚并咔唑和化学式2存在于相同的平面,共轭(conjugation)的扩张能够使得电子的移动更加容易,从而使跃迁率得到提升。
具体来讲,上述化学式2中的F能够是由下述化学式5表示的结构中的一种。
<化学式5>
在上述化学式5中,X是分别独立的C、CR1R2、N或NR1,其中R1、R2是独立的氢、卤素、氨基、腈基、硝基、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基。
适用本发明之一实施例的化合物能够通过引入吲哚并咔唑而使得空穴的注入和空血的输送更加容易,并通过引入异芳基而使得电子的注入和输送更加容易,从而实现高效率且对电子、空穴的耐久性优秀,且通过形成较高的Tg而实现在元件驱动时的薄膜的稳定性和长寿命。尤其是能够通过保持适合于绿色磷光主体的三重态能量而适用于发光层主体。
下面介绍的化合物仅为适用本发明的化合物的具体实例。下述实例仅为用于对本发明进行说明的实例,本发明并不以此为限。
下面,对适用本发明的有机发光元件进行说明。
本发明提供包含由上述化学式1表示的化合物的有机发光元件。具体来讲,由上述化学式1表示的化合物是作为发光层物质被包含到有机发光元件中。
上述有机发光元件能够在阳极(anode)10和阴极(cathode)16之间包括1个以上的空穴注入层(HIL)11、空穴输送层(HTL)12、发光层(EML)13、电子输送层(ETL)14、电子注入层(EIL)15等有机物层。可选地,在上述发光层(EML)13和电子输送层(ETL)14之间还能够包括空穴阻挡层(HBL,未图示),在空穴输送层(HTL)12和发光层(EML)13之间还能够包括电子阻挡层(EBL,未图示)。
首先,通过在基板上部蒸渡具有较高功函数的阳极电极用物质而形成阳极。此时,作为上述基板能够使用在一般的有机发光元件中使用的基板,尤其是使用期机械强度、热稳定性、透明性、表面平滑性、处理便利性以及防水性优秀的玻璃基板或透明塑料基板为宜。此外,作为阳极电极用物质能够使用透明且导电性优秀的氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、二氧化锡(SnO2)、氧化锌(ZnO)等。上述阳极电极用物质能够利用一般的阳极形成方法进行蒸渡,具体来讲能够利用蒸镀法或溅射法进行蒸渡。
接下来,能够在上述阳极电极的上部利用真空蒸镀法、旋转涂布法、铸造法、LB(兰格谬尔-布劳杰特,Langmuir-Blodgett)法等方法形成空穴注入层物质,但是考虑到更加易于获得均匀的膜质且不容易发生针孔等优点,利用真空蒸镀法形成为宜。在利用上述真空蒸镀法形成空穴注入层时,其蒸渡条件会根据作为空穴注入层的材料使用的化合物、所需的空穴注入层的结构及热特性等而有所不同,但通常在50~500℃的蒸渡温度、10-5至10- 3torr的真空度、0.01至/sec的蒸渡速度、至5μm的层厚度范围内选择适当的条件为宜。
作为上述空穴注入层物质并不做出特殊限定,能够将如在美国专利第4356429号中公开的铜酞菁等酞菁化合物或如TCTA(4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺,4,4',4”-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenyl amine)、m-MTDATA(4,4',4”-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺,4,4',4”-tris(3-methyl phenyl amino)triphenyl amine)、m-MTDAPB(4,4',4”-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)苯氧基苯,4,4',4”-tris(3-methyl phenyl amino)phenoxybenzene)、HI-406(N1,N1'-(联苯-4,4'-取代基)双(N1-(萘-1-基)-N4,N4-二苯基苯-1,4-二胺,N1,N1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-(naphthalene-1-yl)-N4,N4-diphen ylbenzene-1,4-diamine)等星射型胺衍生物作为空穴注入层物质使用。
接下来,能够在上述空穴注入层的上部利用真空蒸镀法、旋转涂布法、铸造法、LB法等方法形成空穴输送层物质,但是考虑到更加易于获得均匀的膜质且不容易发生针孔等优点,利用真空蒸镀法形成为宜。在利用上述真空蒸镀法形成空穴输送层时,其蒸渡条件会根据所使用的化合物而有所不同,但通常在与形成空穴输入层时几乎相同的条件范围内选择为宜。作为上述空穴输送层物质,能够从在空穴输送层中使用的一般公知物质中随意选择使用,具体来讲能够使用如N-苯基咔唑或聚乙烯基咔唑等咔唑衍生物、N,N'-双(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-二苯基-[1,1-联苯]-4,4'-二胺(N,N'-bis(3-methyl phenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine)(TPD)、N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺(.N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl benzidine)(α-NPD)等具有芳香族稠环的一般的胺衍生物等。
接下来,能够在上述空穴输送层的上部利用真空蒸镀法、旋转涂布法、铸造法、LB法等方法形成发光层物质,但是考虑到更加易于获得均匀的膜质且不容易发生针孔等优点,利用真空蒸镀法形成为宜。在利用上述真空蒸镀法形成发光层时,其蒸渡条件会根据所使用的化合物而有所不同,但通常在与形成空穴输入层时几乎相同的条件范围内选择为宜。此外,作为上述发光层材料能够使用适用本发明之一实施例的新型化合物,也能够同时使用公知的主体。此外,还能够同时使用掺杂剂,而虽然作为掺杂剂并不做出限定,但能够同时使用磷光或荧光掺杂剂形成发光层,例如在一实例中,作为荧光掺杂剂能够使用BD142(N6,N12-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)-N6,N12-二米基-6,12-二胺,N6,N12-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-N6,N12-dimesityl chrysene-6,12-diamine),而作为磷光掺杂剂能够使用绿色磷光掺杂剂Ir(ppy)3(三(2-苯基吡啶)铱,Tris(2-phenyl pyridine)iridium)、蓝色磷光掺杂剂F2Irpic(铱(Ⅲ)双[4,6-二氟苯基)-吡啶-N,C2']2-甲基吡啶盐,Iridium(Ⅲ)-bis[4,6-difluoro phenyl)-pyridinato-N-C2']picolinate)、UDC公司的红色磷光掺杂剂RD61等进行共同真空蒸镀(掺杂)。虽然掺杂剂的掺杂浓度并不做出特殊限定,但是按照向100重量份的主体添加0.01至15重量份的掺杂剂的比例掺杂为宜。当掺杂剂的含量低于0.01重量份时可能会因为掺杂量的不足而导致无法正确显色的问题,而当高于15重量份时则可能会因为浓度淬灭现象而导致效率的急剧下降。
此外,当在发光层中同时使用磷光掺杂剂时,为了防止三重态激发性电子或空穴被扩散到电子输送层,利用真空蒸镀法或旋转涂布法额外层叠空穴阻挡层材料(HBL)为宜。此时作为空穴阻挡层材料,能够单独或混合使用一般的公知物质。作为公知物质的实例,包括恶二唑衍生物、苯三唑衍生物、邻二氮杂菲衍生物或日本特开平11-329734(A1)中所记载的空穴阻挡层材料等,作为其代表能够使用如Balq(双(8-羟基-2-甲基羟基喹啉)-铝联苯氧化物,bis(8-hydroxy-2-methyl quinolinolato)-aluminium biphenoxide)、菲咯啉(phenanthrolines)化合物(例如:UDC公司的BCP(浴铜灵,Bathocuproine))等。
在通过如上所述的方式形成的发光层的上部形成电子输送层,此时上述电子输送层能够利用真空蒸镀法、旋转涂布法、铸造法等多种方法形成,尤其是利用真空蒸镀法形成为宜。作为上述电子输送层的材料,能够在一般的公知物质中随意选择使用。例如,能够使用喹啉衍生物尤其是三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)(Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminium(Alq3))或ET4(6,6'-(3,4-二米基-1,1-二甲基-1H-噻咯-2,5-取代基)二-2,2'-二吡啶,ET4(6,6'-(3,4-dimesityl-1,1-dimethyl-1H-silole-2,5-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine))。
在电子输送层的上部能够层叠可使电子的注入更加容易的物质即电子注入层,而作为电子注入层物质,能够使用如LiF、NaCl、CsF、Li2O、BaO等物质。
上述电子注入层是利用一般的电子注入层物质并通过如真空蒸镀法、旋转涂布法、铸造法等方法形成,尤其是利用真空蒸镀法形成为宜。
最后,在电子注入层的上部利用利用形成用金属通过真空蒸镀法或溅射法进等方法形成阴极。其中作为阴极形成用金属,能够使用具有较低功函数的金属、合金、导电性化合物及其上述物质的混合物。作为具体实例,包括如锂(Li)、镁(Mg)、铝(Al)、铝-锂(Al-Li)、钙(Ca)、镁-铟(Mg-In)、镁-银(Mg-Ag)等。此外,为了得到全面发光元件,也能够制造使用ITO、IZO的透射式阴极。
适用本发明的有机发光元件除了由阳极、空穴注入层、空穴输送层、发光层、电子输送层、电子注入层、阴极构成的有机发光元件之外,还包括具有其他不同结构的有机发光元件,也能够根据需要额外形成1层或2层的中间层。
按照如上所述的方式形成的适用本发明的各个有机物层的厚度能够根据需要进行具体调整,采用10至1,000nm的厚度为宜,尤其是采用20至150nm的厚度为宜。
此外,适用本发明的包含由上述化学式1表示的化合物的有机物层,因为能够以分子为单位对有机物层的厚度进行调节,所以具有表面均匀、形态稳定性出色的优点。
下面,将结合适用本发明之一实施例的化合物的合成例以及有机发光元件的制造例,对本发明进行更详细的说明。下述实施例仅用于对本发明进行示例性说明,本发明的范围并不被下述实施例限定。
<制造例1>化合物73的合成
制造例1-1:化合物1-1的合成
在氩气或氮气环境下将2-溴吲哚并咔唑(2-bromo indolo carbazole,10g,31mmol)溶解到50mL的1,4-二氧六环中之后,再向其中添双联频哪醇基二硼(bis(pinacolato)diboron,9.52g,37mmol)和(1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)二氯化钯(II)((1,1'-bis(diphenyl phosphine)ferrocene)dichloro palladium(II),0.10g,0.12mmol)以及乙酸钾(9.20g,94mmol),并在150℃下加热5小时使其对流。在反应完成之后向反应液添加水并对混合物进行过滤,接下来利用二氯甲烷和水对目标化合物进行提取并在去除水分之后进行浓缩处理。通过快速柱层析法利用二氯甲烷和己烷对所得到的残渣进行分离提纯并在真空炉中进行干燥,从而获得上述化合物1-1(8.48g,74%)。
制造例1-2:化合物1-2的合成
在氩气或氮气环境下将化合物1-1(10g,27mmol)、2,8-二溴二苯并噻吩(Dibromodibenzo thiophene,13.97g,41mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),0.94g,1mmol)以及碳酸钾(11.29g,82mmol)溶解到200ml的1,4-二氧六环和40ml的水中,然后在对流的同时进行24小时的加热搅拌。在反应完成之后冷却至室温状态并对所析出的结晶进行过滤分离。接下来利用一氯苯对其进行重结晶处理并在真空炉中进行干燥,从而获得上述化合物1-2(9.49g,70%)。
制造例1-3:化合物1-3的合成
在氩气或氮气环境下将化合物1-2(10g,20mmol)溶解到50mL的1,4-二氧六环中之后,再向其中添双联频哪醇基二硼(bis(pinacolato)diboron,6.07g,24mmol)和(1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)二氯化钯(II)((1,1'-bis(diphenyl phosphine)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II),0.07g,0.08mmol)以及乙酸钾(5.87g,6.0mmol),并在150℃下加热5小时使其对流。在反应完成之后向反应液添加水并对混合物进行过滤,接下来利用二氯甲烷和水对目标化合物进行提取并在去除水分之后进行浓缩处理。通过快速柱层析法利用二氯甲烷和己烷对所得到的残渣进行分离提纯并在真空炉中进行干燥,从而获得上述化合物1-3(7.92g,72%)。
制造例1-4:化合物73的合成
在氩气或氮气环境下将化合物1-3(10g,18mmol)、2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5三嗪(2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,5.84g,22mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(Tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium(0),0.63g,1mmol)以及碳酸钾(7.54g,55mmol)溶解到200ml的1,4-二氧六环和40ml的水中,然后在对流的同时进行24小时的加热搅拌。在反应完成之后冷却至室温状态并对所析出的结晶进行过滤分离。接下来利用一氯苯对其进行重结晶处理并在真空炉中进行干燥,从而获得上述化合物73(5.48g,46%)。MSFound:654.19[M]。
<制造例2>化合物74的合成
制造例2-1:化合物2-1的合成
除了使用2,8-二溴二苯并呋喃(Dibromo dibenzo furan)代替制造例1-2中的2,8-二溴二苯并噻吩(Dibromo dibenzo thiophene)之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物2-1(收率65%)。
制造例2-2:化合物2-2的合成
除了使用化合物2-1代替制造例1-3中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物2-2(收率70%)。
制造例2-3:化合物74的合成
除了使用化合物2-2代替制造例1-4中的化合物1-3之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物74(收率45%)。MS Found:638.21[M]。
<制造例3>化合物75的合成
制造例3-1:化合物3-1的合成
除了使用2,8-二甲基芴(Dibromo dimethyl fluorene)代替制造例1-2中的2,8-二溴二苯并噻吩(Dibromo dibenzo thiophene)之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物3-1(收率62%)。
制造例3-2:化合物3-2的合成
除了使用化合物3-1代替制造例1-3中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物3-2(收率65%)。
制造例3-3:化合物75的合成
除了使用化合物3-2代替制造例1-4中的化合物1-3之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物75(收率50%)。MS Found:664.26[M]。
<制造例4>化合物76的合成
制造例4-1:化合物4-1的合成
除了使用3,6-二溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑(3,6-dibromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole)代替制造例1-2中的3,6-二溴二苯并噻吩(Dibromo dibenzo thiophene)之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物4-1(收率60%)。
制造例4-2:化合物4-2的合成
除了使用化合物4-1代替制造例1-3中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物4-2(收率64%)。
制造例4-3:化合物76的合成
除了使用化合物4-2代替制造例1-4中的化合物1-3之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物76(收率48%)。MS Found:717.26[M]。
<制造例5>化合物103的合成
在氩气或氮气环境下将化合物1-2(10g,20mmol)、2,4-二苯基-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-nyl)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-diphenyl-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-nyl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,9.53g,22mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(Tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium(0),0.69g,1mmol)以及碳酸钾(8.25g,60mmol)溶解到200ml的1,4-二氧六环和40ml的水中,然后在对流的同时进行24小时的加热搅拌。在反应完成之后冷却至室温状态并对所析出的结晶进行过滤分离。接下来利用二氯苯对其进行重结晶处理并在真空炉中进行干燥,从而获得上述化合物103(7.56g,52%)。MS Found:730.22[M]。
<制造例6>化合物104的合成
除了使用化合物2-1代替制造例5中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物104(7.04g,48%)。MS Found:714.24[M]。
<制造例7>化合物105的合成
除了使用化合物4-1代替制造例5中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物105(6.19g,44%)。MS Found:789.29[M]。
<制造例8>化合物106的合成
除了使用化合物3-1代替制造例5中的化合物1-2之外利用相同的方法进行合成,从而获得上述化合物106(7.23g,50%)。MS Found:740.29[M]。
有机发光元件的制造
按照图1所示的结构制造有机发光元件。有机发光元件从下到上按照阳极10/空穴注入层11/空穴输送层12/发光层13/空穴阻挡层(未图示)/电子输送层14/电子注入层15/阴极16的顺序进行层叠。
作为实施例及比较例的空穴注入层11掺杂2-TNATA,作为空穴输送层12掺杂NPB,作为发光层13在通过制造例制造的化合物(实施例)或下述比较例化合物中掺杂Ir(ppy)3,而作为空穴阻挡层共沉积BCP,作为电子输送层14共沉积ET01和Liq,而作为电子注入层15使用Liq(参照下述化合物)。
实施例1
利用蒸馏水对涂布氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜的玻璃基板进行超声波清洗。在完成蒸馏水洗涤之后利用异丙醇、丙酮、甲醇等溶剂进行超声波清洗并在干燥,然后将其移送到等离子清洗机并利用氧等离子对上述基板进行5分钟的清洗,接下来将ITO基板安装在真空蒸镀装置的基板托盘中,然后在真空蒸镀装置的储存格内填充4,4',4"-三(N,N-(2-萘基)-苯基氨基)三苯基胺(4,4',4"-tris(N,N-(2-naphthyl)-phenylamino)triphenylamine,2-TNATA),接下来进行排气至腔室内部的真空达到10-7torr,然后向储存格加载电流使2-TNATA蒸发,从而在ITO基板上蒸镀形成60nm厚度的空穴注入层11。
接下来,在真空蒸镀装置的另一个储存格内填充N,N'-双(α-萘基)-N,N'-二苯基-4,4'-二胺(N,N'-bis(α-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-4,4'-diamine,NPB),然后向储存格加载电流使NPB蒸发,从而在空穴注入层的上部蒸镀形成20nm厚度的空穴输送层12。
作为主体材料,在真空蒸镀装置的一侧储存格内填充在10-7torr条件下进行真空升华提纯处理的通过上述制造例1制造的化合物,而在另一侧的储存格内分别填充发光掺杂剂三(2-苯基吡啶)铱(Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium,Ir(ppy)3),接下来通过使两种物质以不同的速度蒸发而以5至15mol%进行掺杂,从而在上述空穴输送层12的上部正度形成35nm厚度的发光层13。
接下来空穴阻挡层(未图示)蒸渡形成5nm厚度的2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-,1,10-菲咯啉(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenathroline,BCP),然后作为电子输送层14蒸渡形成30nm厚度的1:1比例的ET01和Liq。作为电子注入层15蒸渡形成15nm厚度的Liq,接下来蒸渡形成100nm厚度的Al阴极16,最后在手套式操作箱中进行密封而制作出有机发光元件。
实施例2至实施例8
按照与实施例1相同的方法,分别利用通过制造例2至制造例8制造的化合物代替通过制造例1制造的化合物进行制膜并制造出有机发光元件。
比较例1
除了使用上述比较例1中的化合物代替在上述实施例1的制造例1中的发光层化合物之外,利用相同的方法制造出元件。
有机发光元件的性能评估
通过利用Keithley 2400源测量单元(Kiethley 2400 source measurementunit)加载电压而注入电子以及空穴,接下来利用柯尼卡美能达(Konica Minolta)光谱辐射计(CS-2000)对发光时的亮度进行测量,从而对在3,000cd/m2以及大气压条件下实施例及比较例的有机发光元件的性能及相对于加载电压的电流效率和寿命进行了评估,其结果如表1所示。
【表1】
通过上述表1可以确认,适用本发明之实施例的材料相对于比较例,在其发光特性和寿命方面呈现出优秀的特性,其电流特性优于比较例的元件,从而降低驱动电压并提升寿命,并实现了低电压、高效率、长寿命材料。
Claims (8)
1.由下述化学式1表示的化合物,
<化学式1>
在上述化学式1中,
A、B、C是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C60的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,或由下述化学式2表示,且A、B、C中的至少一种以上由下述化学式2表示,
<化学式2>
在上述化学式2中,
X1及X2是分别独立的O、S、C(Ar1)(Ar2)、N(Ar3)或单键,Ar1、Ar2及Ar3是分别独立的氢、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基,
L是被取代或未取代的C6~C30的亚芳基,
F是被取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C60的异芳基,
m是1或2,
n及p是分别独立的0至4的整数,且n+p不等于0。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
上述化学式2由下述化学式3表示,
<化学式3>
在上述化学式3中,X1、X2、L、F、m、n及p的定义与上述化学式2相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
上述化学式2由下述化学式4表示,
<化学式4>
在上述化学式4中,X1、X2、L、F、m、n及p的定义与上述化学式2相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
上述化学式2中的F是由下述化学式5表示的结构中的一种,
<化学式5>
在上述化学式5中,
X是分别独立的C、CR1R2、N或NR1,其中R1、R2是独立的氢、卤素、氨基、腈基、硝基、被取代或未取代的C1~C30的烷基、被取代或未取代的C6~C30的芳基、被取代或未取代的C2~C30的异芳基。
5.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其特征在于:
上述化学式2中的p是1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
上述化学式1中的化合物是由下述化学式表示的化合物中的一种,
7.在阳极和阴极之间包含根据权利要求1至权利要求6中的某一项所述的化合物的有机发光元件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的有机发光元件,其特征在于:
在发光层中包含上述化合物。
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