CN107757392B - 用于电力电子模块和电池的组合冷却回路的操作 - Google Patents
用于电力电子模块和电池的组合冷却回路的操作 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107757392B CN107757392B CN201710702891.9A CN201710702891A CN107757392B CN 107757392 B CN107757392 B CN 107757392B CN 201710702891 A CN201710702891 A CN 201710702891A CN 107757392 B CN107757392 B CN 107757392B
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- temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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Abstract
本公开涉及用于电力电子模块和电池的组合冷却回路的操作。一种用于车辆的热管理系统包括被引导通过牵引电池、电池冷却器、电力电子装置和散热器的冷却剂回路。所述系统还包括位于冷却剂回路中的电池旁通阀,所述电池旁通阀被配置为:当位于旁通位置时,使冷却剂绕过牵引电池和电池冷却器。所述系统包括控制器,所述控制器被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求大于预定需求,对电池旁通阀进行操作,以使得电池旁通阀位于旁通位置。
Description
技术领域
本申请总体上涉及一种用于混合动力车辆中的牵引电池和电力电子组件的热管理系统。
背景技术
车辆包括需要进行温度管理的组件和系统。例如,通过使冷却剂流过发动机以及利用散热器降低冷却剂的温度来调节发动机的温度。混合动力车辆包括受益于温度管理的附加组件。例如,牵引电池和电力电子模块的性能可取决于将温度保持在最大限制以下。可在车辆中安装附加的冷却系统,以为牵引电池和电力电子模块提供热管理。
发明内容
一种车辆包括冷却剂回路,所述冷却剂回路包括牵引电池、电池冷却器、电力电子装置和散热器。所述车辆还包括位于冷却剂回路中的电池旁通阀,所述电池旁通阀被配置为:当位于旁通位置时,使冷却剂绕过牵引电池和电池冷却器。所述车辆还包括控制器,所述控制器被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求大于预定需求,对电池旁通阀进行操作,以使得电池旁通阀位于旁通位置。
一种用于车辆的热管理系统包括控制器,所述控制器被配置为:响应于电池温度小于预定温度,命令连接至冷却剂回路的电池旁通阀使冷却剂流向电池路径,并且命令连接至冷却剂回路的散热器旁通阀使冷却剂绕过散热器,所述冷却剂回路具有所述电池路径、电力电子路径和散热器路径,所述电池路径包括牵引电池和电池冷却器,所述电力电子路径包括电力电子装置,所述散热器路径包括所述散热器。
一种方法包括:响应于车厢制冷需求超过预定需求,通过控制器以旁通模式操作电池旁通阀,以使冷却剂绕过电池路径,其中,所述电池旁通阀设置在冷却回路中,所述冷却回路具有所述电池路径、电力电子路径和散热器路径,所述电池路径包括牵引电池和电池冷却器,所述电力电子路径包括电力电子装置,所述散热器路径包括散热器。
附图说明
图1是示出典型的动力传动系统和能量储存组件的电气化车辆的示图。
图2是电气化车辆内的冷却回路的示图。
图3是用于控制热管理系统的可行的操作序列的流程图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而,应理解的是,所公开的实施例仅为示例,并且其它实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不必按比例绘制;可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制,而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的是,参照任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合,以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表实施例。然而,与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
图1描绘了可被称作插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)的电气化车辆112。插电式混合动力电动车辆112可包括机械地连接至混合动力传动装置116的一个或更多个电机114。电机114能够作为马达或发电机运转。此外,混合动力传动装置116机械地连接至发动机118。混合动力传动装置116还机械地连接至驱动轴120,驱动轴120机械地连接至车轮122。电机114可在发动机118启动或关闭时提供推进和减速能力。电机114还可用作发电机,并且能够通过回收在摩擦制动系统中通常将作为热损失掉的能量来提供燃料经济性效益。电机114还可通过允许发动机118以更高效的转速运转并允许混合动力电动车辆112在特定状况下以发动机118关闭的电动模式运转,来减少车辆排放。电气化车辆112还可以是电池电动车辆(BEV)。在BEV配置中,可以不存在发动机118。在其它配置中,电气化车辆112可以是没有插电能力的全混合动力电动车辆(FHEV)。
牵引电池或电池组124储存可被电机114使用的能量。车辆电池组124可提供高电压直流(DC)输出。牵引电池124可电连接至一个或更多个电力电子模块126。一个或更多个接触器142可在断开时将牵引电池124与其它组件隔离,并且可在闭合时将牵引电池124连接至其它组件。电力电子模块126还电连接至电机114,并提供在牵引电池124与电机114之间双向传输能量的能力。例如,牵引电池124可提供DC电压,而电机114可使用三相交流电(AC)来运转。电力电子模块126可将DC电压转换为三相AC电流来运转电机114。在再生模式下,电力电子模块126可将来自用作发电机的电机114的三相AC电流转换为与牵引电池124兼容的DC电压。
车辆112可包括电连接在牵引电池124和电力电子模块126之间的可变电压转换器(VVC)152。VVC 152可以是被配置为增大或升高由牵引电池124提供的电压的DC/DC升压转换器。通过增大电压,电流需求可被降低,从而导致电力电子模块126和电机114的布线尺寸减小。此外,电机114可以以较高的效率和较低的损耗运转。
牵引电池124除了提供用于推进的能量以外,还可为其它车辆电力系统提供能量。车辆112可包括DC/DC转换器模块128,DC/DC转换器模块128将牵引电池124的高电压DC输出转换为与低电压车辆负载兼容的低电压DC供应。DC/DC转换器模块128的输出可电连接至辅助电池130(比如,12V电池),以用于给辅助电池130充电。低电压系统可电连接至辅助电池130。一个或更多个电负载146可连接至高电压总线。电负载146可具有适时地操作和控制电负载146的关联的控制器。电负载146的示例可以是风扇、电加热元件和/或空调压缩机。
电气化车辆112可被配置为通过外部电源136对牵引电池124进行再充电。外部电源136可连接至电插座。外部电源136可电连接至充电器或电动车辆供电设备(EVSE)138。外部电源136可以是由公共电力公司提供的配电网或电网。EVSE 138可提供电路和控制,以调节和管理电源136与车辆112之间的能量传输。外部电源136可向EVSE 138提供DC电力或AC电力。EVSE 138可具有用于插入到车辆112的充电端口134中的充电连接器140。充电端口134可以是被配置为从EVSE 138向车辆112传输电力的任意类型的端口。充电端口134可电连接至充电器或车载电力转换模块132。电力转换模块132可对从EVSE 138供应的电力进行调节,以向牵引电池124提供合适的电压水平和电流水平。电力转换模块132可与EVSE 138进行接口连接,以协调对车辆112的电力传输。EVSE连接器140可具有与充电端口134的相应凹入紧密配合的引脚。可选地,被描述为电耦合或电连接的各种组件可使用无线感应耦合来传输电力。
可提供一个或更多个车轮制动器144,以使车辆112减速并阻止车辆112移动。车轮制动器144可以是液压致动的、电致动的或者它们的某种组合。车轮制动器144可以是制动系统150的一部分。制动系统150可包括用于操作车轮制动器144的其它组件。为简单起见,附图描绘了制动系统150与车轮制动器144中的一个之间的单一连接。制动系统150和其它车轮制动器144之间的连接被隐含。制动系统150可包括控制器以监测和协调制动系统150。制动系统150可监测制动组件并控制车轮制动器144以进行车辆减速。制动系统150可对驾驶员命令做出响应,并且还可自主运转以实现诸如稳定性控制的功能。制动系统150的控制器可在被另一控制器或子功能请求时实现施加被请求的制动力的方法。
车辆112中的电子模块可经由一个或更多个车辆网络进行通信。车辆网络可包括用于通信的多个信道。车辆网络的一个信道可以是诸如控制器局域网(CAN)的串行总线。车辆网络的信道中的一个可包括由电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE)802标准族定义的以太网。车辆网络的其它信道可包括模块之间的离散连接,并且可包括来自辅助电池130的电力信号。不同的信号可通过车辆网络的不同信道进行传输。例如,视频信号可通过高速信道(例如,以太网)进行传输,而控制信号可通过CAN或离散信号进行传输。车辆网络可包括协助在模块之间传输信号和数据的任何硬件组件和软件组件。车辆网络未在图1中被示出,但是可隐含了车辆网络可连接到在车辆112中存在的任何电子模块。可存在车辆系统控制器(VSC)148来协调各个组件的操作。
车辆112可包括用于控制牵引电池124和电力电子模块(例如,电力电子模块126、VVC 152)的温度的热管理系统。图2描绘了用于电气化车辆112的热管理系统的一部分的示图。车辆112可包括冷却剂回路190,冷却剂回路190被构造为将冷却剂引导至电力电子模块(例如,电力电子模块126、VVC 152)和牵引电池124,以进行热管理。热管理系统可包括在此描述的组件和子系统。
车辆112可包括车厢气候控制系统200。车厢气候控制系统200可被配置为为车辆112的车厢提供加热和制冷。在典型配置中,使得流过发动机118以从发动机118移除热的冷却剂流过加热器芯。在其它配置中,冷却剂可被电加热器(例如,电动车辆)加热。加热器芯将热从冷却剂传递到加热器芯周围的空气中,可利用变速风扇使这些空气强制进入车厢中。
可利用空调系统完成车厢制冷。空调系统可包括多种组件(包括压缩机、冷凝器、干燥器和蒸发器)。空调组件可经由便于制冷剂在组件之间的输送的管道或管路而连接。压缩机可被配置为增大制冷剂的压力。冷却剂可流向被配置为从制冷剂移除热的冷凝器。制冷剂可通过减小制冷剂压力的膨胀阀。然后,制冷剂可通过将热从周围的空气传递至制冷剂的蒸发器。通过蒸发器的空气的温度降低。为了进行车厢制冷,风扇可引入车厢空气通过蒸发器,以促进热传递。
车厢气候控制系统200可包括车厢热控制器,车厢热控制器管理和控制车厢气候控制系统200的多种组件的操作。车厢热控制器可接收来自乘员的输入(诸如,车厢温度设定点、由车厢气候控制系统200提供的空气温度设定点和期望的风扇转速)。车厢气候控制系统200可包括一个或更多个温度传感器。例如,温度传感器可提供针对车厢的温度测量。车厢热控制器可接收温度传感器的输入,并控制车厢温度使车厢温度达到期望的车厢温度设定点。车厢冷却系统可包括手动操作模式,在手动操作模式下,乘员控制风扇的转速和进入车厢的空气的温度。
除了控制车厢内的气候之外,各种其它车辆组件也因控制温度而受益。例如,牵引电池124可在特定温度范围内性能最佳。最佳温度范围可影响电池功率容量和电池寿命。电池寿命和容量可通过在该温度范围内进行操作而被保持。此外,电力电子模块126和VVC152的温度可被保持在预定限制温度以下,以延长这些组件的使用寿命。
典型的混合动力车辆将高电压电子模块(例如,电力电子模块126、VVC152)和牵引电池124置于单独的冷却剂回路中。对于最佳电池性能,牵引电池124可能需在比高电压电子模块更低的温度下进行操作。
这里描述的构造被构造为具有在同一冷却剂回路中的高电压电力电子模块(例如,电力电子模块126、VVC 152)和牵引电池124。因为不存在诸如泵、冷却管路和阀的附加组件,所以这样的构造降低了成本。此外,因为使用更少的组件,所以减轻了车辆重量。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括冷却剂回路190,冷却剂回路190被构造为将冷却剂引导通过电力电子模块126、VVC 152和牵引电池124。冷却剂回路190可包括冷却剂可流过的管道、管线、管路和连接件。冷却剂回路190可包括冷却剂可流过的多个路径。将在此描述的多个阀可控制冷却剂可流过的路径。每个路径可根据需要而包括任何导管和连接件,以便于冷却剂流过关联的路径。
牵引电池124可包括电池热交换器202,电池热交换器202被配置为将热传递至牵引电池124和传递来自牵引电池124的热。电池热交换器202可在牵引电池124和流过电池热交换器202的冷却剂之间传递热。如果冷却剂的温度高于牵引电池的温度,则电池热交换器202可将热从冷却剂传递至牵引电池124。如果冷却剂的温度低于牵引电池的温度,则电池热交换器202可将热从牵引电池124传递至冷却剂。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括电池冷却器204。电池冷却器204可以以与空调系统类似的方式进行操作。也就是说,压缩机可对通过蒸发器的制冷剂进行压缩,蒸发器与流过系统的冷却剂相接触。蒸发器的一些表面可与冷却剂回路中的冷却剂相接触。随着制冷剂通过蒸发器,冷却剂回路中的冷却剂被冷却。电池冷却器204的蒸发器可从空调系统的同一压缩机接收制冷剂。例如,在制冷剂管线中可存在一个或更多个阀,以将制冷剂引导至空调系统和/或电池冷却器204。电池冷却器204运转以降低进入电池热交换器202的冷却剂的温度。
在操作期间,高电压电力电子模块(诸如,逆变器126,DC/DC转换器128,VVC 152)产生热。为了保护模块内的开关器件,必须移除热。常用的对模块进行冷却的方法是将产生的热传递给流过模块的冷却剂。例如,来自开关器件的热可被传递至与开关器件热连接的散热器。散热器通常由具有高热传导率的材料制造。散热器可连接至热交换器,热交换器将热从散热器传递至流过热交换器的冷却剂。高电压电力电子模块包括VVC 152和电力电子模块126。在一些配置中,冷却剂回路中可包括DC/DC转换器模块128。
VVC 152可包括VVC热交换器206,VVC热交换器206被配置为将热传递至VVC 152以及传递来自VVC 152的热。VVC热交换器206可在VVC 152和流过VVC热交换器206的冷却剂之间传递热。当冷却剂的温度高于VVC的温度时,VVC热交换器206可将热从冷却剂传递至VVC152。当冷却剂的温度低于VVC的温度时,VVC热交换器206可将热从VVC 152传递至冷却剂。
电力电子模块126也可被称为逆变器系统控制器(ISC),并且可包括ISC热交换器208,ISC热交换器208被配置为将热传递至ISC以及传递来自ISC的热。ISC热交换器208可在ISC 126和流过ISC热交换器208的冷却剂之间传递热。当冷却剂的温度高于ISC的温度时,ISC热交换器208可将热从冷却剂传递至ISC 126。当冷却剂的温度低于ISC的温度时,ISC热交换器208可将热从ISC 126传递至冷却剂。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括排气瓶(degas bottle)212,排气瓶212连接至所述热交换器中的一个。例如,排气瓶212可连接至ISC热交换器208。排气瓶允许汇集冷却剂,使得困在冷却剂中的气泡可从冷却剂中被释放出来。流入排气瓶的冷却剂可被引导回冷却剂回路190中。
冷却剂回路190可限定将冷却剂引导通过电力电子装置的电力电子路径232。在这个示例中,电力电子路径232将冷却剂引导通过VVC热交换器206和ISC热交换器208。冷却剂回路190可限定将冷却剂引导通过牵引电池124和电池冷却器204的电池路径230。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括泵216,泵216被配置为使冷却剂在冷却剂回路190中流动。泵216可包括被配置为操作泵送机构的电动马达。电动马达可通过调节电压输入或电流输入使电动马达以期望的转速旋转而被控制。在一些配置中,电动马达可被配置为以可变的转速运转,以改变流过冷却剂回路190的冷却剂的流速。冷却剂回路190的操作可使得流过冷却剂回路190的冷却剂可穿过所选择的路径并且返回泵216,以继续通过冷却剂回路190的再循环。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括热控制器214,热控制器214被配置为控制和管理冷却剂回路190的操作。热控制器214可包括用于执行控制指令的处理器和用于存储参数的存储器。此外,热控制器214可包括被配置为接收反馈信号并将控制信号输出至多个控制装置的输入/输出(I/O)接口。应注意的是,通过热控制器214实现的功能可合并到车辆的另一控制器(例如,系统控制器148)内。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括冷却剂回路190内的散热器210。冷却剂回路190可限定将冷却剂引导通过散热器210的散热器路径234。散热器210可被配置为将热从冷却剂传递到空气。随着冷却剂流过散热器210,来自冷却剂的热被传递到通过散热器210的空气。散热器210可包括一系列管道,冷却剂通过所述一系列管道从散热器210的一侧流到散热器210的另一侧。在管道之间并且与相邻管道相接触的可以是以增大热传递表面积的波纹图案形成的金属。离开散热器210的冷却剂通常处于比进入散热器210的冷却剂的温度更低的温度。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括电池旁通阀218,电池旁通阀218被配置为选择性地将冷却剂回路190中的冷却剂引导至电池路径230或者电池旁通路径236,电池路径230包括牵引电池124和电池冷却器204,电池旁通路径236绕过牵引电池124和电池冷却器204。电池旁通阀218可包括连接至阀机构的螺线管,使得电池旁通阀218的位置可被热控制器214控制。例如,可从热控制器214输出电池旁通阀控制信号222,以控制电池旁通阀218的位置。通过使用电池旁通阀控制信号222,热控制器214可命令电池旁通阀218的位置。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括设置在多个位置的用于测量组件温度和/或冷却剂温度的温度传感器。电力电子路径温度传感器240可被配置为测量电力电子路径232中的冷却剂的温度。例如,电力电子路径温度传感器240可位于ISC 126的冷却剂出口附近。应注意的是,可能存在额外的温度传感器。电池路径温度传感器244可被配置为测量电池路径230中的冷却剂的温度。例如,电池路径温度传感器244可位于牵引电池124的冷却剂出口附近。此外,牵引电池温度传感器242可被配置为测量与牵引电池124关联的温度。例如,牵引电池温度传感器242可测量牵引电池124内的位置处的温度,该温度指示组成牵引电池124的电池单元的温度。每个温度传感器可电连接至控制器。例如,每个温度传感器可电连接至热控制器214。在其它配置中,热控制器214可经由车辆网络(例如,CAN总线)接收来自温度传感器的温度信息。
当电池旁通阀218被控制到第一位置(例如,电池流动位置)时,电池旁通阀218可将冷却剂引导至包括电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202的电池路径230。当电池旁通阀218被控制到第二位置(例如,电池旁通位置)时,电池旁通阀218可将冷却剂引导至绕过电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202的电池旁通路径236。
车辆112的热管理系统可包括散热器旁通阀220,散热器旁通阀220被配置为选择性地将冷却剂回路190中的冷却剂引导至散热器路径234或散热器旁通路径238,散热器路径234包括散热器210,散热器旁通路径238绕过散热器210。散热器旁通阀220可包括连接至阀机构的螺线管,使得散热器旁通阀220的位置可被热控制器214控制。例如,可从热控制器214输出散热器旁通阀控制信号224,以控制散热器旁通阀220的位置。通过使用散热器阀控制信号224,热控制器214可命令散热器旁通阀220的位置。
当散热器旁通阀220被控制到第一位置(例如,散热器流动位置)时,散热器旁通阀220可将流体引导至包括散热器210的散热器路径234。当散热器旁通阀220被控制到第二位置(例如,散热器旁通位置)时,散热器旁通阀220可将流体引导至绕过散热器210的散热器旁通路径234。这种模式在车辆冷启动期间会是有用的。在启动期间,牵引电池124可能处于比最佳操作温度范围低的温度。在这种模式下,由ISC 126和VVC 152产生的热可被用于加热冷却剂,而不使冷却剂通过会降低冷却剂温度的散热器210。
散热器旁通阀220和电池旁通阀218的组合操作模式定义了多种冷却模式。当散热器旁通阀220被命令至使冷却剂流向散热器210(例如,散热器路径234)的位置并且电池旁通阀218被命令至使冷却剂流向电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202(例如,电池路径230)的位置时,可定义电池/散热器模式。在电池/散热器模式下,冷却剂流过电池冷却器204、电池热交换器202、VVC热交换器206、ISC热交换器208和散热器210。电池冷却器204可被操作,以降低进入电池热交换器202的冷却剂的温度。
当散热器旁通阀220被命令至绕过散热器210(例如,散热器旁通路径238)的位置并且电池旁通阀218被命令至使冷却剂流过电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202(例如,电池路径230)的位置时,可定义电池冷启动加热模式。当电池温度低于最佳操作温度范围时,可启动电池冷启动加热模式。当冷却剂温度低于预定温度时,可启动电池冷启动加热模式。在这种模式下,从ISC热交换器208和VVC热交换器206传递至冷却剂的热可被用于加热牵引电池124。通过绕过散热器210,冷却剂不流过散热器210,从而冷却剂的温度不会降低。以这种方式,可在较短的时间量内将牵引电池124加热至最佳操作温度范围。
当散热器旁通阀被命令至使冷却剂流向散热器210(例如,散热器路径234)的位置并且电池旁通阀被命令至绕过电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202(例如,电池旁通路径236)的位置时,可定义电池旁通模式。在这种模式下,冷却剂流过VVC热交换器206、ISC热交换器208和散热器210。电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202被排除在冷却剂流之外。在这种模式下,可通过使冷却剂流过散热器210来调节VVC 152和ISC 126的温度。也就是说,在VVC152和ISC 126中产生的热在散热器210中被耗散,以防止VVC 152和ISC 126过热。可通过牵引电池124的热容量来调节牵引电池124的温度。
当存在车厢气候控制系统200对车厢制冷的需求时,可进入电池旁通操作模式。在炎热天气里,如果牵引电池124的温度不大于预定限制温度,则可优先对车厢进行制冷。在这些情况下,可优选地向车厢空调系统供应制冷剂,以降低车厢温度。这可能会限制在这段时间期间可供应至电池冷却器204的制冷剂的量。一旦车厢制冷需求已经被满足,则电池旁通阀218可被切换至电池路径230。
当散热器旁通阀220被切换为绕过散热器210(例如,散热器旁通路径238)并且电池旁通阀218被切换为绕过电池冷却器204和电池热交换器202(例如,电池旁通路径236)时,可定义电池/散热器旁通模式。这种模式可被用于在冷启动状况期间使ISC 126和VVC152升温。
热控制器214可与车厢气候控制系统200通信(例如,经由CAN网络与车厢气候控制系统200通信)。热控制器214可接收指示车厢气候控制系统200的状态的信号。例如,热控制器214可接收指示请求的车厢制冷需求的水平的信号。热控制器214可接收指示车厢制冷的实际水平的信号。例如,这些值可以是温度(诸如,设定点温度和实际车厢温度)。
车厢制冷需求也可被表示为来自车厢气候控制系统200的功率需求。例如,可测量或估计空调压缩机的操作水平或功耗值。功耗值也可包括风扇转速或风扇功耗值。例如,在对车辆制冷有需求期间的车厢气候控制系统200的较高风扇转速可指示增大的车厢制冷需求。
也可根据车厢气候控制系统200的操作模式来推断车厢制冷需求。例如,车厢气候控制系统200可包括“MAX A/C”模式,在“MAX A/C”模式下,车厢空气被再循环通过车厢。在“MAX A/C”模式下,可期望优先考虑车厢制冷。
退出电池旁通模式的条件可包括车厢制冷需求被满足。例如,当车厢制冷需求已经下降到阈值以下时,系统可退出电池旁通模式。此外,在处于电池旁通模式下的预定时间到期之后,可退出电池旁通模式。这可在车厢制冷循环被延长的情况下提供用于退出电池旁通模式的备用条件。此外,如果牵引电池124的温度大于预定温度,则可退出电池旁通模式。所述预定温度可以是牵引电池124的最大建议操作温度。温度条件有助于防止牵引电池124达到超温条件。
当电池温度小于预定温度时,可进入电池冷启动加热模式。此外,可监测ISC热交换器208的出口处的冷却剂温度。进入电池冷启动加热模式还可取决于ISC热交换器的出口处的冷却剂温度大于预定阈值。此外,进入电池冷启动加热模式还可取决于ISC热交换器出口处的温度大于牵引电池124的温度。这个条件可有助于确保冷却剂足够热以向牵引电池124提供加热。退出电池冷启动加热模式的条件可包括电池温度超过预定温度。例如,预定温度可以是牵引电池124的最佳操作温度范围内的温度。
图3描绘了可在控制器(例如,热控制器214)中实现的用于控制热管理系统的操作的可行的操作序列的流程图。例如,可在热控制器214中实现并执行操作。在操作300,可测量或估计冷却剂回路中的温度。电力电子路径温度传感器可测量ISC 126的冷却剂出口处的冷却剂温度。电池温度传感器可测量牵引电池124的温度。电池冷却剂温度传感器可测量电池路径230中的冷却剂的温度。热控制器214可接收表示每个被测量的温度的信号。
在操作302,车厢制冷需求可被估计或测量。可基于车厢气候控制系统200的操作模式(例如,在“MAX A/C”模式下)来确定车厢制冷需求。可基于空调压缩机的功率需求来确定车厢制冷需求。
在操作304,控制器可检查冷启动条件。当电力电子路径232中的冷却剂的温度小于预定温度时,可满足冷启动条件。例如,预定温度可以是小于电力电子路径232中的高电压电力电子模块(例如,ISC 126、VVC 152)的正常操作温度的温度。当电池温度小于预定温度阈值时,可满足冷启动条件。如果满足了冷启动条件,则可执行操作306。在操作306,可将散热器旁通阀控制至散热器旁通位置,以阻止冷却剂流向散热器210。在操作308,可将电池旁通阀控制至电池流动位置,以使冷却剂流向电池路径230。
如果不满足冷启动条件,可执行操作310。在操作310,将车厢制冷需求(CCD)与预定需求水平(K)进行比较。如果车厢制冷需求小于或等于预定需求水平,则可执行操作316。在操作316,电池旁通阀被控制至电池流动位置。
如果车厢制冷需求大于预定需求水平,则可执行操作312。在操作312,检查退出旁通模式的条件。退出旁通模式的条件可包括电池温度超过预定限制温度。预定限制温度可以是这样的温度,当超过所述温度时,需要进行电池冷却以优化电池操作和/或寿命。退出旁通模式的条件可包括预定时间段的到期。如果满足了退出旁通模式的条件,则执行操作316,以将电池旁通阀控制至电池流动位置。如果不满足退出旁通模式的条件,则执行操作314。在操作314,电池旁通阀被控制为处于旁通模式,以阻止冷却剂流向电池路径230。所述操作序列可被周期性地重复,以在操作条件变化时保持对阀的控制。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例,但是并不意在这些实施例描述了权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。说明书中所使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语,并且应理解的是,可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述,可将各个实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管针对一个或更多个期望特性,各个实施例可能已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式,但是本领域普通技术人员应认识到,根据具体的应用和实施方式,一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、装配的容易性等。因此,被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式的实施例并非在本公开的范围之外,并且可被期望用于特定的应用。
Claims (19)
1.一种车辆,包括:
冷却剂回路,包括牵引电池、电池冷却器、电力电子装置和散热器;
电池旁通阀,位于冷却剂回路中,并且被配置为:当位于旁通位置时,使冷却剂流向电力电子装置但绕过牵引电池和电池冷却器;
控制器,被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求大于第一预定需求,将电池旁通阀命令至旁通位置,
其中,电池冷却器的蒸发器从空调系统的压缩机接收制冷剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求下降到第二预定需求以下,将电池旁通阀命令至电池流动位置,以使冷却剂流向牵引电池和电池冷却器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于电池温度大于预定温度,将电池旁通阀命令至电池流动位置,以使冷却剂流向牵引电池和电池冷却器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于冷却剂绕过牵引电池和电池冷却器持续的时间大于预定时间,将电池旁通阀命令至电池流动位置,以使冷却剂流向牵引电池和电池冷却器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述车厢制冷需求是基于车厢气候控制系统的操作模式的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中,所述车厢制冷需求是基于空调系统的功率需求的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,还包括散热器旁通阀,散热器旁通阀位于冷却剂回路中并且被配置为:当位于散热器流动位置时,将冷却剂引导通过散热器,并且当位于散热器旁通位置时,使冷却剂绕过散热器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的温度小于预定温度,将散热器旁通阀命令至散热器旁通位置,并且将电池旁通阀命令至电池流动位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于与电力电子装置相关联的冷却剂温度大于预定温度,将散热器旁通阀命令至散热器流动位置。
10.一种用于车辆的热管理系统,包括:
控制器,被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求超过第一预定需求,命令连接至冷却剂回路的电池旁通阀使冷却剂流向电力电子路径但绕过电池路径,其中,所述冷却剂回路具有所述电池路径和所述电力电子路径,所述电池路径包括牵引电池和电池冷却器,所述电力电子路径包括电力电子装置,
其中,电池冷却器的蒸发器从空调系统的压缩机接收制冷剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统,其中,所述冷却剂回路还具有散热器路径,所述散热器路径包括散热器,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于电池温度小于第一预定温度,命令电池旁通阀使冷却剂流向电池路径,并且命令连接至冷却剂回路的散热器旁通阀使冷却剂绕过散热器。
12.根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统,其中,所述车厢制冷需求是基于车厢气候控制系统的操作模式的。
13.根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统,其中,所述车厢制冷需求是基于空调系统的功率需求的。
14.根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于车厢制冷需求下降到第二预定需求以下,命令电池旁通阀使冷却剂流向电池路径。
15.根据权利要求11所述的热管理系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于电池温度上升到第二预定温度以上,命令散热器旁通阀使冷却剂流向散热器路径。
16.一种用于车辆热管理的方法,包括:
响应于车厢制冷需求超过第一预定需求,通过控制器以旁通模式操作电池旁通阀,以使冷却剂流向电力电子路径但绕过电池路径,其中,所述电池旁通阀设置在冷却回路中,所述冷却回路具有所述电池路径、所述电力电子路径和散热器路径,所述电池路径包括牵引电池和电池冷却器,所述电力电子路径包括电力电子装置,所述散热器路径包括散热器,
其中,电池冷却器的蒸发器从空调系统的压缩机接收制冷剂。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:响应于车厢制冷需求降低到第二预定需求以下,通过控制器以电池流动模式操作电池旁通阀,以使冷却剂流向电池路径。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:响应于冷却回路中的温度小于第一预定温度,通过控制器以散热器旁通模式操作散热器旁通阀,以使冷却剂绕过散热器路径。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:响应于冷却回路中的温度大于第二预定温度,通过控制器以散热器流动模式操作散热器旁通阀,以使冷却剂流向散热器路径。
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