CN107732338A

CN107732338A - The method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life

Info

Publication number: CN107732338A
Application number: CN201710975570.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨春晓
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-10-27
Filing date: 2017-10-19
Publication date: 2018-02-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, including, lead-acid accumulator or the positive and negative electrode of battery pack are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, total cumulative number that the operation is carried out or carried out is >=1 time.The method disclosed in the present is remarkably improved or extended the service life of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack.

Description

The method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life

Technical field

The present invention relates to the service life for improving or extending battery or batteries, improves or prolongs more particularly to one kind The method of the service life of long lead-acid accumulator or battery pack.

Background technology

Lead-acid accumulator or battery pack due to manufacturing cost is low, property/valency than high, safe and stable, recyclable, for many years should With extensive, and occupy chief status in secondary cell market sale share.But in performance, lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Deficiency lower than energy, that service life is shorter is shown, at present, the ratio energy of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack in is about 20-40Wh/kg, cycle life are about 150-1500 times, and float life is about 5-20.Influenceing lead-acid accumulator or battery pack makes It is many with the factor in life-span, internal factor such as active material composition, crystal formation, porosity, pole plate type and size, grid material and Structure, diaphragm type and performance, assembling pressure, electrolyte type and formula, sour density, impurity, battery consistency etc., it is outside because Element such as depth of discharge, discharge current density, the density of charging current, overcharge, charge less electricity, temperature, mechanical shock, stress deformation feelings Condition etc., is summed up, main, the common battery or the battery pack mistake that cause lead-acid accumulator or battery pack end of life Effect pattern has grid corrosion, positive material(PAM) softening to come off, sulfation, dehydration, early stage capacitance loss, electrode passivation, negative Pole surface area shrinkage, battery consistency difference etc..According to these factors and failure mode, people had been developed that it is a variety of raising or Extend the method for the service life of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, material, equipment, facility, accessory etc., and cause lead-acid accumulator Or the service life of battery pack obtains a certain degree of raising or extension.However, on the other hand, social operation and development are still Need the service life of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack in existing level to have further, even to significantly increase or prolong It is long.

The content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the use longevity of battery pack The method of life, methods described especially by the positive material(PAM) softening for solving or improving lead-acid accumulator or battery pack or/ With come off, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and conductive current collector Loose contact one or more problems therein, to improve or extend lead-acid accumulator or the service life of battery pack.

The one or more that the service life includes but is not limited in cycle life, float life.

The lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, i.e. lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the use longevity of raising provided by the present invention or extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack The method of life includes：Lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated (hereinafter also referred to as polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated), the operation is carried out or carried out Total cumulative number be more than 1 time (including 1 time, as follows), it is described that positive pole, negative pole are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. carries out polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, will pass through the polarity inversion positive electrode, negative electrode Electrode charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated.Total cumulative number refers to that the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack exist at it It is whole during or whole phase before its end of life and after end of life of the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Between, all altogether, always accumulative positive poles occurred with the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, negative polarity reversion Or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated number of charge and discharge.Each positive pole, negative polarity are inverted and subsequent filled It can be carried out continuously, discontinuously carry out between electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, or part is carried out continuously, part is discontinuously entered OK.

The polarity of the lead-acid accumulator or battery anode or negative pole includes, the electrode of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Positivity (positive pole property) or negativity (negative pole property), the positivity feature of electrode generally comprise, and the electrode occurred on this electrode is anti- Should be anode electrode reaction, electrode potential mutually it is more high, the negativity feature of electrode generally comprises, the electrode occurred on this electrode Reaction be negative electrode reaction, electrode potential mutually it is more low.The polarity inversion refers to that originally the polarity of positivity electrode is by positivity The polarity for becoming negativity or/and original negativity electrode becomes positivity by negativity.

The electrode by Jing Guo polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. will before polarity inversion for positive pole and It is that the electrode of negative pole is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated, will be negative pole and polarity is anti-as negative pole after polarity inversion before polarity inversion Electrode after turning for positive pole is charged as positive pole or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and the former makes acid accumulator negative pole lead electricity occurs on electrode Pole is reacted, and the latter makes lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on electrode.

So that the positive pole of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, negative pole are carried out into first time, second of polarity inversion and subsequent filled Exemplified by electricity or the electrically operated process of charge and discharge, to the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated makees into one Step ground explanation, for convenience of description, with original positive pole (being also labeled as electrode A herein), original negative pole (herein also labeled as electricity Pole B) call, when not carried out any positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or electrically operated charge and discharge The lead-acid accumulator or the positive pole of battery pack, negative pole, in this way, being carried out when by lead-acid accumulator or the positive pole of battery pack, negative pole When first time polarity inversion and subsequent charging or electrically operated charge and discharge, operating procedure includes, first, by lead-acid accumulator or battery Positive electrode, the negative electrode of group carry out polarity inversion, i.e. make the pole of lead-acid accumulator or the original positive pole (electrode A) of battery pack Property it is negative by being just inverted to, the polarity of negative pole (electrode B) originally is inverted to just by negative, then after this polarity inversion, Electrode Jing Guo this polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. using original positive pole (electrode A) as negative pole, Using original negative pole (electrode B) as positive pole, the lead-acid accumulator after this polarity inversion or battery pack are charged or filled Discharge operation, whole process are operated to the charging after this polarity inversion or the electrically operated completion of charge and discharge from this polarity inversion, As 1 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated (now, that is, completes the of the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated), the polarity inversion and subsequent charging of this positive pole, negative pole Or charge and discharge is electrically operated realized includes, for original positive pole (electrode A), its electrode potential is transformed into phase by mutually more high More low, its electrode reaction occurred is inverted to acid accumulator negative pole lead by original lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction Electrode reaction, it is opposite for original negative pole (electrode B), change.

It is recognised that on the basis of above-mentioned 1 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, then carry out 1 pole Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated (this also second of the polarity inversion for the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards is electrically operated), then in the charging or discharge and recharge operating process after the polarity inversion after once (for the second time), It is electrically charged or the positivity electrode of discharge and recharge is then lead-acid accumulator or the original positive pole (electrode A) of battery pack, is electrically charged or charge and discharge The negativity electrode of electricity is then lead-acid accumulator or the original negative pole (electrode B) of battery pack, this time positive pole, negative pole (for the second time) Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated realized includes, for original positive pole (electrode A), its electrode electricity Position by mutually more it is low be transformed into mutually more high, its electrode reaction for being occurred by original acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction Lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is inverted to, it is opposite for original negative pole (electrode B), change.So, for original Positive pole (electrode A), original negative pole (electrode B) have carried out altogether 2 (i.e. for the first time, second) polarity inversion and subsequent filled Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated.

3 times or the polarity inversion more than 3 times and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, can be at above-mentioned 2 times (for the first time, the It is secondary) polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated on the basis of repeatedly carry out similar first time or first again or again Secondary, second of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated and realize, can be according to above-mentioned 2 times (for the first time, second) Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated analogize understanding, implement.

During the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the polarity inversion on electrode when actually occurring Comparatively fast to complete, the time is shorter, and, in the critical part of polarity inversion, the polarity of electrode is from this critical one end change in polarity To critical other end polarity, less electricity is only needed, or, when by the less electricity, making the polarity of electrode from critical This one end change in polarity to critical other end polarity, polarity inversion is to complete, therefore, because the electricity being related to is few, institute Stating polarity inversion, electrode is formed, the influence of performance etc. is general also smaller or can ignore changing, strictly, described Polarity inversion conceptually and is actually all primarily referred to as the change in a kind of polarization state, and the polarity inversion and subsequent During charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, make composition, performance of electrode etc. that significant change occur, mainly with charging after polarity inversion Or discharge and recharge operating process has important relationship.

The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, including by lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid accumulator The electrode of group carries out polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, the electrode by the polarity inversion is carried out following electrochemistry anti- Should：Make before the polarity inversion for positive pole electrode in the laggard quadrat acid accumulator negative electrode reaction of the polarity inversion, make the pole Electricity is carried out after the polarity inversion for lead oxides, basic lead sulphate, lead sulfate of the electrode contained by it of positive pole before sex reversal Chemical reduction reaction, make it is anti-in the laggard quadrat acid accumulator anode electrode of the polarity inversion for the electrode of negative pole before the polarity inversion Should, one or more therein.

Electric current in polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour includes DC current, pulse current or arteries and veins Punching and the recombination current of direct current.

During the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the charging operations after any polarity inversion Number is more than 1 time (including 1 time, as follows).

It is described that lead-acid accumulator or the progress polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrode of battery pack and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Including making the positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge electrically operated with the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Work, intert each other, be alternately carried out, and make the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack at work, the positive pole of its original, original One kind that the negative pole come is in following three kinds of electrode working conditions：(1) original positive pole is operated as positive pole all the time, former The negative pole come is operated as negative pole all the time；(2) original positive pole is operated as negative pole all the time, and negative pole originally is all the time It is operated as positive pole；(3) original positive pole is operated as positive pole, is operated sometimes as negative pole sometimes, accordingly Ground, negative pole originally are operated as negative pole, are operated sometimes as positive pole sometimes；It is the positive pole of described its original, original Negative pole be, do not carried out any positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated when, institute State positive pole, the negative pole of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack.

In above-mentioned (1), (2), (3) under any operative state, the lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid battery group are at it The polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the positive pole, negative pole between meaning work twice or discharge and recharge number of operations be 0 time with Upper (including 0 time, as follows).

It is described that lead-acid accumulator or the progress polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrode of battery pack and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Including：Carry out twice in succession or continuous even-times positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, carry out it is single The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of secondary or continuum method time are electrically operated, one or more therein.

It is described that positive pole, negative pole progress polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated for lead-acid batteries Including only individually carrying out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging to some monocell in battery pack or filling Discharge operation, or it is only anti-to some (i.e. two or more) monocells progress positive and negative electrode polarity in battery pack Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, this all referred to as distinguish operation.The monocell, i.e. cell.

It is described by positive and negative electrode carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated include progress pulse charge or/ With the operation of electric discharge；The pulse charge or/and electric discharge include positive pulse, negative pulse, positive negative pulse stuffing mixed pulses charge or/and One or more in discharge operation.

For target and requirement, technique, safety, etc. needs, it is described by positive pole, negative pole carry out polarity inversion and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards it is electrically operated can any charged or working condition of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack (including before work, In work, work after, stand) under directly initiate, start and carry out, also can be in the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge First lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are discharged or/and charging operations (hereinafter referred to as putting before polarity inversion before electrically operated Electricity or/and charging operations), then restart, start and to carry out the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge electrically operated.Afterwards A kind of situation includes, and before polarity inversion, discharge operation is carried out to battery or battery pack until voltage is reduced to 0V or above and below 0V, Then polarity inversion is carried out again.

Polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent the charging or charge and discharge of the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are electrically operated, pole Electric discharge or/and charging operations, differentiation operation before sex reversal can be performed by programming.

The lead-acid accumulator or the positive pole of battery pack, negative pole carry out charging or charge and discharge after polarity inversion, polarity inversion Electric discharge or/and charging operations before electrically operated or polarity inversion can according to certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and it Changing value, one or more settings in calculated value, measurement, signal acquisition, the result such as calculating and start or stop or It is failure to actuate.Described magnitude of physical quantity includes magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time One or more in value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values；Described quantitative value includes accumulative Numerical value, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack charge and discharge cycle-index value in one or more；It is described Chemical magnitude include the acidity value of battery or/and battery pack.Described magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude include battery Or/and battery pack in charging process, in discharge process, in On The Cycle Working Process, during float duty, open circuit or stand shape Magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and other physics related to lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries in state Value, quantitative value, chemical magnitude.

The electrode by Jing Guo polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated, wherein, the charging or discharge and recharge Electricity is generally more than 0.5 times of the electrode rated capacity.

It is described that lead-acid accumulator or the positive and negative electrode of battery pack are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, be further characterized in that, carry out or by the electrically operated plumbic acid of the progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Battery or its positive pole of battery pack and negative pole are both positive and negative polarity current electrode (that is, the general electrode of positive pole, negative pole), described positive and negative Pole current electrode, in the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, it can not only be used for positive pole and use, can also be used as negative pole, or Some conduct positive poles use, some conduct negative poles use, or in the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack work or use process In, some time uses as positive pole, some time uses as negative pole again, one or more therein；Form lead-acid accumulator or battery When the positive pole and negative pole of group, the both positive and negative polarity current electrode includes but is not limited to, each other with identical active material or identical work Property material formula both positive and negative polarity current electrode, of equal value both positive and negative polarity current electrode, general for same both positive and negative polarity each other each other Electrode；The equivalence each other refers to, electrode after by chemical conversion or discharge and recharge, each other lead-acid accumulator or battery pack work or During use, in the case of not considering error component, have or show identical function and performance；It is described it is same just Negative pole current electrode refer to those be melted into or discharge and recharge before it is mutually the same, be melted into or discharge and recharge after Can form the both positive and negative polarity current electrode of negative or positive electrode, it is described be melted into or discharge and recharge before it is mutually the same refer to, do not examine Consider manufacture electrode caused by foozle, be melted into or charge and discharge it is electrically operated before, two or more electrodes exist each other All electrodes are formed, manufacture view (such as electrode structure, appearance, size, formula, material, manufacture technology) is identical.

It is described that lead-acid accumulator or the progress polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrode of battery pack and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Can automatically or/and manually it be realized by a kind of circuit, the circuit, which has, described to be stored lead-acid accumulator or/and plumbic acid The positive pole of the battery pack function electrically operated with negative pole progress polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, the electricity Lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole or actually can be carried out polarity inversion or polarity inversion by road And subsequent charging or electrically operated total cumulative number >=1 time of charge and discharge.

The circuit realiration is implemented to carry out the positive pole, negative polarity to lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Reversion or the electrically operated method of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge include：The lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are carried out Antipole charges.

The method that the circuit realiration carries out antipole charging to lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries includes, and passes through After the polarity inversion and the polarity inversion of the circuit output end being connected on the lead-acid accumulator or battery set electrode The charging or charge and discharge carried out to the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is electrically operated, to realize the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.

It is described that lead-acid accumulator or the positive and negative electrode of battery pack are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, be further characterized in that, can start, stop or suspend the circuit by way of automatic or/and manual or hand switch Function, the circuit started, stop or is suspended and positive and negative electrode polarity carried out to lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Reversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.

The raising of the present invention or the method or described by lead for extending lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries service life Acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method The lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries being applied to, including surface plate grating, tubular type, takeup type, bipolar system, level Lead cloth, cystosepiment grating, pillar, have and stablize space body electric pole type lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, it is in addition to valve-regulated close It is sealing lead acid accumulator or batteries, gelled lead acid battery or batteries, lead carbon battery battery or batteries, super Capacitor-lead-acid accumulator (abbreviation superbattery) battery or batteries, and the lead-acid accumulator mixing of these types The lead-acid batteries for the mixed type being formed by connecting, and other various types of lead-acid accumulators or battery pack.

The present invention improve or extend lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life method can be applied to lead-acid accumulator or Battery pack, lead-acid accumulator or the circuit or charging/discharging apparatus of battery pack, the reparation of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, regeneration or life Chemical synthesis technology during production manufacture.

It is applied to lead-acid accumulator by polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated present invention also offers one kind Or the chemical synthesizing method in battery pack manufacturing process, including lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole are carried out Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and the number that the operation is carried out or carried out is more than 1 time.

The electrically operated further feature having of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge in the chemical synthesizing method, bag Include：Electric current, the charged or working condition of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack before operation is carried out or/and are filled at electric discharge before polarity inversion The electrically operated beginning of charging or charge and discharge after electrically operated, polarity inversion, polarity inversion or stopping institute according to certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantity One or more measurement results in value, chemical magnitude and their changing value, calculated value, the electric discharge before polarity inversion Or/and charging operations, polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, distinguish operation can by programming hold Row etc., with electrically operated identical of the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge that the present invention above illustrates.

Raising provided by the present invention or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, in addition to make described Polarity inversion occurs for lead-acid accumulator or/and the electrode of lead-acid batteries, and after the polarity inversion, makes anti-by the polarity The electrode turned carries out following electrochemical reaction：Stored before making the polarity inversion for the electrode of positive pole in the laggard quadrat acid of the polarity inversion GND electrode reaction, make before the polarity inversion for lead oxides, basic lead sulphate, sulfuric acid of the electrode contained by it of positive pole Lead carries out electrochemical reducting reaction after the polarity inversion, it is laggard in the polarity inversion for the electrode of negative pole before the polarity inversion to make Quadrat acid accumulator anode electrode reacts, and one or more therein, is further characterized in that, this method is implemented on the plumbic acid and stored Battery or/and total cumulative number of lead-acid batteries are >=1 time, and this method includes described by lead-acid accumulator or/and plumbic acid Positive pole, the negative pole of batteries carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and makes total accumulative time of the operation Number is >=1 time, described that positive pole, negative pole progress polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. by positive electrode, to bear Electrode carries out polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, the electrode Jing Guo the polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated.

Beneficial effect

The electrode reaction of known lead-acid accumulator is：

Positive pole：

Negative pole：

It can be seen that the reaction product after positive pole, negative discharge is PbSO₄, product PbSO₄Changed into respectively again after charged Positive active material PbO₂With negative electrode active material Pb；Make the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator as negative pole, negative pole originally For positive pole, charging operations are carried out to battery, makes negative electrode reaction occurs on original positive pole, positive pole occurs on negative pole originally The discharging product PbSO of electrode reaction, then original positive pole₄Negative electrode active material Pb can be changed into, equally, original negative pole Discharging product PbSO₄Positive active material PbO can be changed into₂, i.e. the polarity of positive and negative electrode can invert, due to electrode reaction equation (1), the electrode reaction in (2) is reversible that therefore, the polarity between the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator and original negative pole is anti- Turn and reversible.In addition, battery is entered as positive pole using the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator as negative pole, negative pole originally Row charging operations, in some instances it may even be possible to the PbO on original positive pole can be caused₂It is directly direct to the Pb on Pb conversions, original negative pole To PbO₂Conversion, thus also complete the reversible polarity inversion between the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator and original negative pole.

Lead-acid accumulator positive pole, feature of negative pole in discharge and recharge known to again are, with the discharge and recharge number of occurrence Increase, the active material PbO on anode electrode₂Combination between particle is gradually relaxed, is disengaged from so that positive active material Expand, be loose, soften, come off；With the increase of the discharge and recharge number of occurrence, incline between the active material Pb particles on negative electrode To in showing as being bonded to each other so that negative pole specific surface area is shunk, be hardened.When making the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator, original The polarity of negative pole inverts, and electrically operated by the charging after the polarity inversion or charge and discharge, makes lead occurs on original positive pole The charging of acid accumulator negative electrode reaction or charge and discharge process, make generation lead acid battery positive electrode electrode on original negative pole anti- The charging answered or charge and discharge process, then active material PbO on the original positive pole of lead-acid accumulator₂Particle softening, come off caused by Active material particle between disengaging can reversed by the acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, equally, The active material specific surface area contraction that active material Pb particles are bonded to each other caused on the original negative pole of lead-acid accumulator can Also to be reversed by the lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, i.e. active substance for positive electrode of lead-acid accumulator softens, taken off Fall effect, the specific surface area blockage effect of negative pole, can realize reversible by electrode reaction (1), (2) or reverse each other, or Say, the positive pole of lead-acid accumulator, negative pole are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, can reverse or improve The softening of active substance for positive electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and come off, the specific surface area of negative pole shrink.

According to the two of above-mentioned lead-acid accumulator reversibility features, by the polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the present invention or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, (different discharge and recharge systems is by electrode reaction for electrode or electrode active for the suitable discharge and recharge system of selection Property material physics and the structure of chemistry, property etc. caused by influence, change effect it is variant, timeliness, efficiency are also variant), By or not by regulating measures such as additives, make anode electrode react caused by active material particle be disengaged from and negative electricity Active material particle caused by the reaction of pole is bonded to each other, and takes a turn for the worse or cancels out each other, and can substantially improve or even eliminate plumbic acid The positive material(PAM) softening of battery or/and come off, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to significantly improve lead-acid accumulator Service life.In theory, if can solve the positive material(PAM) softening for falling lead-acid accumulator or battery pack or/and come off, Negative pole specific surface area shrink and remove positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, negative pole specific surface area shrink failure mode with The problem of battery caused by outer and other failure modes for being currently known or the end of life of battery pack, then lead-acid accumulator And the service life of lead-acid batteries is it could even be possible to be intended to endless or extremely long.

In addition, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present invention are electrically operated, electrode/fluid confluence/collection can also be made The problems such as flow-induced corrosion, early stage capacitance loss, electrode passivation, active material and collector loose contact, is improved, is repaired, being disappeared Remove, reverse, suppress, prevent, enhancing battery resistance overcharge the ability of electrical lesion, substitution or reduce to the needs of battery overcharge and The battery dehydration because of caused by overcharge is avoided or reduces, the change of electrode potential and electrode environmental condition in operation also can be right Sulfation, which has, to be eliminated, reverse or improves, repair, enhancing battery resistance charge less electricity, the ability of overdischarge infringement, so as to It is also beneficial to significantly improve the service life of lead-acid accumulator and battery pack.

The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the present invention or charge and discharge is electrically operated is also beneficial to pass through electrochemical reaction Process and solve the electrode active material that lead-acid accumulator occurs during discharge and recharge or use and depart from electrode current collecting body, connect Touch the problem of bad.

Operation is made a distinction to the monocell in lead-acid batteries, i.e., to each monocell in battery pack, some single electricity Pond individually carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, is advantageous to improve or extends The service life of monocell in battery pack, safeguard, the uniformity of capacity each other between monocell in adjustment battery pack, so as to relatively low Cost improve lead-acid batteries service life.

Lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid battery group, when its positive pole and negative pole are the general electrode of positive pole, negative pole, its produce and The characteristics of recovery is with greater efficiency, lower cost, and polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging are carried out to it or and is put It is electrically operated to improve or extend its service life, the technical scheme of the general electrode of its positive pole, negative pole is carried out, is made It has practicality.

Implement the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated is advantageous to improve or realizes of the present invention by circuit The efficiency of operation, accuracy, convenience, practicality, validity, feasibility etc..

The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present invention is electrically operated, it helps solve (including repair Answer, reverse, eliminate, suppress, prevent) or improve, shadow related to chemistry or electrochemical reaction process in other lead-acid accumulators The problem of ringing lead-acid accumulator service life.

In summary, the method for the present invention is applied to lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, can significantly improves or extend plumbic acid The service life of battery or battery pack.

In addition, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the present invention or charge and discharge is electrically operated when being applied to chemical synthesis technology, Be advantageous to alleviate or avoid overcharging technique to lead-acid accumulator or the life-span of battery pack in traditional lead acid batteries chemical synthesis technology Negative effect, improve the active material utilization of lead-acid accumulator so as to the initial capacity of battery or battery pack, ensure that tool Have both positive and negative polarity current electrode, in the cycle charge-discharge course of work repeatedly, interspersed carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or the cycle charge-discharge service behaviour of the electrically operated lead-acid accumulator of charge and discharge or battery pack is relative before and after each secondary polarity inversion Claim.The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present invention are electrically operated to be also contributed to improve lead-acid accumulator or electricity Active material utilization of the pond group in On The Cycle Working Process is so as to the capacity during battery or battery pack use.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 6 work Only voltage data figure.

Fig. 2 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 7 work Only voltage data figure.

Fig. 3 be the lead-acid accumulator of the embodiment of the present invention 7 during its 189-196 times cycle charge-discharge course of work and In the 11st, the 12nd positive and negative electrode sex reversal and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge operating process that intert during the process Electric current, voltage data figure.

Fig. 4 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 8 work Only voltage data figure.

Fig. 5 is that the positive and negative electrode sex reversal of the embodiment of the present invention 9 and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated in tubalar type lead acid electric power storage Intert the schematic diagram carried out in the cycle charge-discharge course of work of pond.

Fig. 6 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 9 work Only voltage data figure.

Fig. 7 is the electrode current collecting body structural plan schematic diagram of the both positive and negative polarity current electrode of the embodiment of the present invention 11.

Fig. 8 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 11 work Only voltage data figure.

Fig. 9 is operating discharge capacity and the operating discharge end of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 12 work Only voltage data figure.

Figure 10 is the operating discharge capacity and operating discharge of the lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 13 work Final voltage datagram.

Figure 11 is that the operating discharge capacity of the lead-acid batteries cycle charge-discharge of the embodiment of the present invention 14 work and work are put Electric final voltage datagram.

Figure 12 is the lead-acid batteries of the embodiment of the present invention 14 during its 23-28 times cycle charge-discharge course of work And the single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion interted during the process and subsequent charging or electric current, electricity in discharge and recharge operating process Press datagram.

Description of reference numerals is as follows in figure：

1：Lug

2：Collector frame

3：Grid thin plate

4：Circular hole

W1：Tube type lead-acid accumulator always accumulative the 1-304 times cycle charge-discharge work.

W2：Tube type lead-acid accumulator always accumulative the 305-652 times cycle charge-discharge work.

W3：Tube type lead-acid accumulator always accumulative the 653-751 times cycle charge-discharge work.

W4：Tube type lead-acid accumulator always accumulative the 752-774 times cycle charge-discharge work.

R1：Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge twice in succession of the first phase of tube type lead-acid accumulator Operation.

R2：Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge twice in succession of the second phase of tube type lead-acid accumulator Operation.

R3：Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge twice in succession of the third phase of tube type lead-acid accumulator Operation.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technology contents, feature and effect of the present invention are described in further detail.

Embodiment 1

The lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, rated capacity be 2.32Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), rated voltage 2V, its cycle charge-discharge work (abbreviation circulation work, as follows) system be：With 0.2 multiplying power (specified appearance Amount, as follows) electric current constant-current charge, after voltage reaches 2.65V, with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, total time of charging twice is 6 24 points of hour, after then being discharged with 2h rates, 80%DOD (depth of discharge), repeat and carry out above-mentioned charge and discharge process, i.e., it is logical Cross above-mentioned charge and discharge cycles to be operated, operating ambient temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.The present embodiment battery cycle charge-discharge work and In polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process, exclude or prevent and lose liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, survey Try the interference of the factor to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation such as failure.

When the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator residual capacity (electricity that battery can be released by operating discharge system, below Together) be its rated capacity 7.3% when (be on inspection positive material(PAM) softening, come off cause the present embodiment battery discharge hold Amount decay), start to carry out it positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of present invention and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated (to make statement It is clear, the positive pole of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole are named as electrode group A, electrode group B successively, as follows), including with Lower step：

1) electric discharge and the 1st polarity inversion：Stop work (the constant-voltage charge rank that now battery is in work of battery Section), using a charging/discharging apparatus, forced electric discharge is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with the electric current (1164mA) of 0.5 multiplying power, Make cell voltage from battery be stopped when 2.65V decline and drop to 0V always, and be finally down to -0.073V, stop electric discharge, Then 30min (minute, as follows) is stood, is carried out in next step；

2) electrode connection is converted after the 1st polarity inversion：Manual operation, make the positive pole and the present embodiment lead of charging/discharging apparatus Original negative pole (electrode group B) connection of acid accumulator, make the negative pole of charging/discharging apparatus and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator original Positive pole (electrode group A) connects, and is once walked；

3) charge：With the electric current (465.3mA) of 0.2 multiplying power to completing the 2nd) the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of step fills Electricity, when cell voltage reaches 1.75V, charging is time-consuming, 547min, stops charging, then carries out in next step；

4) electric discharge and the 2nd polarity inversion：While previous step is stopped, with the electric current of 0.5 multiplying power to battery now Forced electric discharge is proceeded by, until cell voltage is down to 0V and finally reaches -0.08V, electric discharge is time-consuming, 9s, stops electric discharge, and quiet 30min is put, is then once walked；

5) electrode connection is converted after the 2nd polarity inversion：Manual operation, make the positive pole and the present embodiment lead of charging/discharging apparatus Original positive pole (electrode group A) connection of acid accumulator, make the negative pole of charging/discharging apparatus and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator original Negative pole (electrode group B) connects, and is prepared for step charging once or discharge and recharge；

6) charge：Charged with the electric current of 0.2 multiplying power to completing the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator 5) after step, in electricity When pressure reaches 1.75V, complete charge.

Complete the 6) step when, starting simultaneously at makes battery enter working condition and carries out charge and discharge with identical working system before Electricity work.Working result is as shown in table 1, it is seen then that the lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment by above-mentioned polarity inversion twice in succession and Thereafter after charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, operating discharge capacity has notable recovery, due to the electric discharge of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Capacity attenuation be by positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by, therefore the result shows, the polarity inversion of the present embodiment and thereafter Charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated makes that the positive pole of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator softens, dropping situations or degree are significantly reversed.According to This, if relatively bigger (such as bigger charging current, longer to the charge volume of the present embodiment battery in the present embodiment step 3) Charging interval), then the active material softening for the positive pole (electrode group A) for being beneficial to make the present embodiment battery original, dropping situations Greatly reversed, recovered.

Table 1

	Account for the ratio % of rated capacity
		Before operation, battery remaining power	7.3
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery first time operating discharge capacity	24.9
		After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, second of operating discharge capacity of battery	31.7

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or the electrically operated side of charge and discharge The battery that method is implemented on, it can also be tube type lead-acid accumulator, spirally wound lead acid battery, bipolar lead acid battery, water Flat lead cloth lead-acid accumulator, cystosepiment grating lead-acid accumulator, valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator, gelled lead acid battery, Lead carbon battery, ultracapacitor-lead-acid accumulator, pillar lead-acid accumulator, have stablize space body electric pole type lead-acid accumulator； The present invention polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated can also battery remaining power for rated capacity 50%, 90%th, 100% when start start；Voltage when battery is stopped is not only 2.65V, can also be other any possible Voltage, such as 2.8V, 2V, 1.75V, 0.5V, 0V；When stopping battery work, battery is also in other stages in work, permanent Flow discharge regime or constant-current charging phase；Start or stop polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Foundation can also be other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemical magnitude or/and quantitative value, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density Value, charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number Value, even number value, ratio value, charge or discharge or charge and discharge cycle-index value, the battery or/and battery pack of battery or/and battery pack Acidity value in one or more.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the discharge current in step 1) is the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01st, the electric current of 0.1,1,3,5,10 multiplying powers；Electric discharge can also carry out stage by stage and discharge current value not necessarily phase in each section Together；Electric discharge stop voltage can be 0V, can also be other voltages, such as 0.5,0.2, -0.3, -1.7V, -2.33, - 2.8V wait；The charging stage can also be added, i.e., after certain time of discharging, carries out 1 charging more than stage again to battery, fills Discharged again after electricity, this electric discharge, charging, electric discharge, etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, after carrying out charge and discharge circulation, then carry out pole Sex reversal.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the foundation of charging or the electrically operated end of charge and discharge is not necessarily in step 1) Voltage, it can also be other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemical magnitude or/and quantitative value, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density Value, charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number Value, even number value, ratio value, charge or discharge or charge and discharge cycle-index value, the battery or/and battery pack of battery or/and battery pack Acidity value in one or more.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the discharge step in step 1) can be saved, that is, stop battery Work after, directly carry out the 2) step.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the connection conversion in step 2), step 5) can also be obstructed remarkable Work operates, but is realized by the automatic function of unit or circuit.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the charging current in step 3) is the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01st, the electric current of 0.2,1.1,3.5,5.3,10 multiplying powers；Charging can also be carried out stage by stage and charging current value is not in each section It is certain identical；The voltage that charging stops also being not necessarily 1.75V, can also be other voltages, such as；0.3、0.5、1.0、2.0、 2.44th, 2.65,2.8V etc.；The foundation that charging stops can also be charge volume, time；

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the discharge current in step 4) is the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01st, the electric current of 0.1,1,3,5,10.3 multiplying powers；Electric discharge can also be carried out stage by stage and discharge current value is not necessarily in each section It is identical；Discharge regime can also add the charging stage, i.e., after certain time of discharging, then it is more than the stage to carry out one to battery Charging, discharged again after charging, it is this electric discharge, charging, electric discharge, etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, carry out charge and discharge circulation after, then Carry out polarity inversion.

, can also be without the discharge operation of step 4), but in step 3) in the other embodiment of the present embodiment Charging enters directly into the 5) step after terminating.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the electrically operated end of charging or charge and discharge in step 3 or step 4) according to According to voltage is not necessarily, other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemical magnitude or/and quantitative value, including magnitude of voltage, electric current can also be Value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency Rate value, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, charge or discharge or the charge and discharge cycle-index of battery or/and battery pack One or more in the acidity value of value, battery or/and battery pack.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the charging current in step 6) is the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01st, the electric current of 0.1,1,3,5,10 multiplying powers；Charging can also carry out stage by stage and charging current value not necessarily phase in each section Together；The voltage that charging stops also being not necessarily 1.75V, can also be other voltages, such as；0.3rd, 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.4, 2.65,2.78V etc.；Charging stage can also add discharge regime, i.e., after certain time of charging, then carry out a rank to battery Section more than electric discharge, charged again after electric discharge, it is this charging, electric discharge, charging, electric discharge, etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, carry out After charge and discharge circulation, then battery is transferred to working condition or quasi-operating status.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, complete the 6) after the operation of step, continue more than 1 time 1) -6) step (i.e. the 1st) step is operated to the 6th) operation of step, similar below), the battery of more than 1 time is then carried out again to work, described more than 1 time 1) -6) step operation and the battery of described more than 1 time also alternately, can carry out cyclically each other between working, the number of circulation ≥1.The positive pole for so making battery original is operated as positive pole all the time, and negative pole originally is operated as negative pole all the time.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the is completed 6) after the operation of step, is being continued 1 time 1) -3) step Operation or 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) step operation, the battery of more than 1 time is then carried out again to work, it is described 1 time 1) -3) step operation or more than 1 time 1) -6) step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) step operation and the battery work of described more than 1 time Between can also alternately, cyclically carry out each other, number >=1 of circulation.The original positive pole of battery is so set to be used as negative pole all the time It is operated, negative pole originally is operated as positive pole all the time.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the is completed 6) after the operation of step, by the battery work of more than 1 time in battery Make, 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step operation, 1 time 1) -3) step operation or more than 1 time 1) -6) step operation adds 1 time 1) -3) step grasps Work in turn, is cyclically carried out, and order in turn is unlimited, number >=1 of circulation, so makes the original positive pole of battery sometimes as just Pole is operated, is operated sometimes as negative pole, and correspondingly, the original negative pole of battery is operated as negative pole sometimes, is had Shi Zuowei positive poles are operated.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the work of the battery of described more than 1 time, 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step grasps Make, 1 time 1) -3) step operation or more than 1 time 1) -6) step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) any cutting between the two in step operation Change startup foundation, can be magnitude of physical quantity or/and quantitative value or/and chemical magnitude, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, Charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, Even number value, ratio value, charge or discharge or charge and discharge cycle-index value, the acid of battery or/and battery pack of battery or/and battery pack One or more in angle value.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and their change One or more in change value, calculated value include thing of the battery in charging process, in discharge process, in open circuit or static condition Manage value, quantitative value or chemical magnitude.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned 1) -6) in the operation of step, other operations can be carried out simultaneously, The temperature of such as regulating cell, to battery acid adding, doping, Jia Shui, pressurization.

Charging and discharging currents used in the present embodiment are direct current, in the other embodiment of the present embodiment, are used Charging and discharging currents can also be arteries and veins charging stream or arteries and veins charging stream and the recombination current of DC current.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned 1), 4) in the operation of step, time of repose can be it Its time span, time of repose can also be 0；

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned 1) -6) operation of step, which can pass through to program, performs.

The aforesaid operations of this example, it can improve, reverse the positive material(PAM) softening of lead-acid accumulator, come off, can improve, The operating discharge capacity repair, improved, recover lead-acid accumulator, so as to improve or extend the service life of lead-acid accumulator.

Embodiment 2

The present embodiment improves or extended lead-acid accumulator or the method for battery pack service life is, when the present embodiment plumbic acid stores Battery or battery pack because positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, contractions of negative pole specific surface area, electrode passivation, burn into early days Capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact one or more failure modes therein or problem, and lead When sending a telegraph the operating discharge capacity of pond or battery pack and declining, or when needing to prevent or alleviate above-mentioned seven kinds of failure modes or problem During infringement to lead-acid accumulator or battery pack ability to work, or when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack work reach When certain cycle-index or floating charge time, following polarity is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or the positive pole of battery pack, negative pole Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, i.e. first carry out step (1)：The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are entered Row antipole charges so that the polarity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or the original positive pole (being defined herein as electrode A) of battery pack by Just it is reversed to bear, the polarity of original negative pole (being defined herein as electrode B) is inverted to just by negative；Then step (2) is carried out： To the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the polarity inversion or battery pack is charged or discharge and recharge so that the lead-acid accumulator or Acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the original positive pole of battery pack (electrode A), lead occurs on original negative pole (electrode B) Acid accumulator anode electrode reacts, lead-acid accumulator or battery capacity are declined or failure degree it is big, can enlarged relative This step charges or the total electricity of discharge and recharge；Then step (3) is carried out：The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are entered again Row antipole is charged so that the polarity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or the original positive pole (electrode A) of battery pack is inverted to by negative Just, the polarity of original negative pole (electrode B) is negative by being just inverted to；Then step (4) is carried out again：To step (3) polarity inversion Rear the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is charged or discharge and recharge so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on positive pole (electrode A) originally, lead acid storage battery occurs on original negative pole (electrode B) The reaction of pond negative electrode, finally cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack by full charge, it is so, above-mentioned through the present embodiment The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge carried out twice in succession is electrically operated, the positive pole of this example lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Active material soften or/and come off, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, work Property material and collector loose contact one or more failure modes therein or problem improved, alleviated, being repaired, being reversed, Or prevent, so as to which the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is improved, is recovered, improved or safeguarded, Then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are put into its normal circulation or float duty and goes normal use.This reality Apply in an above-mentioned steps (4), the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after step (3) polarity inversion or battery pack can also be direct plungeed into Charged into the charging link of normal circulation or float duty, and next in its normal circulation or float duty system Under run, worked.The above-mentioned positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge carried out twice in succession of the present embodiment Operation refers to or is analogous to operating method or system progress in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

The above-mentioned positive and negative electrode polarity inversion carried out twice in succession of the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, In multiple times, work or during use or end of life laggard of the ground in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is interted OK so that the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is improved or extended.

The present embodiment is by carrying out polarity inversion to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack positive and negative electrode and subsequent filling Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated so that plumbic acid storage occurred on the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or the original positive pole (electrode A) of battery pack GND electrode reaction, this make it that the active material on original positive pole (electrode A) softens, the problem of coming off is enhanced, reversed Or remove, in addition, while acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on the original positive pole (electrode A) occurs or carries out or same During one, the present embodiment makes the institute for occurring or carrying out acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on the original positive pole (electrode A) State the charging after polarity inversion or charge and discharge is electrically operated, also cause on original positive pole (electrode A) between collector and active material, Between active material particle, the corruption that the lead oxides on electrode interior or surface, basic lead sulphate, lead sulfate etc. are formed or formed Product, corrosive film or passivating film, corrosion layer or passivation layer etc. are lost, is partly or entirely reduced into metallic lead, and make on electrode Each several part forms good contact, combination or connection, active material density gos up or improves so that positive pole (electrode A) originally On occurred or the burn into passivation that will occur, early stage capacitance loss, active material contact with collector or combined bad ask Topic is improved, is reversed, removed or prevented；The present embodiment to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack positive and negative electrode by entering Row polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or the original negative pole of battery pack Lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurred in (electrode B), this causes the active material on original negative pole (electrode B) to obtain A certain degree of expansion, so as to alleviate to a certain extent, improve, reverse or prevent occurred or will occur it is original Negative pole specific surface area shrinks problem on negative pole (electrode B), meanwhile, the lead-acid accumulator occurred on the original negative pole (electrode B) Anode electrode reacts, during its generation or carrying out, also by change, influence in original negative pole (electrode B) swelling agent or The adsorption capacity and adsorbed state of additive, change electrochemical process, electrode potential, overpotential that lead sulfate is converted etc. and sulphur The related factor of lead plumbate dissolving, conversion, and the sulfation for have occurred or will occur on original negative pole (electrode B) is asked Topic obtains certain alleviation, improvement, reverse or prevention.

Embodiment 3

The present embodiment carries out this hair to lead-acid batteries (2h rate rated capacities are 2Ah, rated voltage 4V, 25 DEG C) To battery in bright polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated implementation steps of charging or charge and discharge and operation, with the embodiment of the present invention 1 The step of implementation and operate essentially identical, institute's difference is, in the operation of the present embodiment, by polarity inversion and subsequent Positive pole and negative pole of the charge or discharge operation applied to lead-acid batteries.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, it is 3.0V or 4.5V that the charging after each polarity inversion, which stops voltage,.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the monocell of certain in battery pack or some monocells can also be carried out The polarity inversion and subsequent the operation of charging or discharge and recharge of the present invention, including step, by charging/discharging apparatus only with 1 or some Monocell is connected and carries out the polarity inversion as described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.With this Corresponding, it is each that there is the battery pack its each monocell or some monocells to be carried out with the charge-discharge circuit in charging/discharging apparatus From the circuit structure of independent connection.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, such as the polarity inversion in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and subsequent charging or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, can also be overall after 1 in battery pack or some monocells operate, then to lead-acid batteries Operated, or the order operated is in turn.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the aforesaid operations of the present embodiment are performed by programming.

Embodiment 4

The present embodiment is to be related to the polarity inversion of the present invention and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method being used for plumbic acid Chemical synthesis technology when battery or battery pack manufacture, including, after battery or battery pack acid adding, by without the battery of chemical conversion or Have been subjected to the battery of certain chemical synthesis technology or battery pack carry out such as the described polarity inversion in the embodiment of the present invention 1 or 3 and its Charging afterwards or discharge and recharge operating procedure.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method are used for Chemical synthesis technology when lead-acid accumulator or battery pack manufacture, including, after battery or battery pack acid adding, by lead-acid accumulator or/ 1 either polarity as described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 or 3 is carried out with the positive poles of lead-acid batteries and negative pole to invert and thereafter Charging or discharge and recharge operating procedure, and make the charging operations number after polarity inversion and discharge operation number sum be 1 time or 3 It is secondary or 9 times, the original positive pole of battery or battery pack is then operated use as negative pole all the time, negative pole originally is made all the time Use is operated for positive pole.In the present embodiment, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge that are carried out it is electrically operated with The electrically operated feature of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge described in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present embodiment is identical.

Embodiment 5

The present embodiment is to be related to the polarity inversion of the present invention and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method being used for plumbic acid The reparation or regeneration of battery or battery pack, including：According to the polarity inversion described in the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 or 3 and thereafter Charging or discharge and recharge operating procedure carry out, lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are repaired or regenerated.

Embodiment 6

The present embodiment is related to method, battery charging and discharging device and the lead acid storage battery for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator service life The battery charging and discharging device in pond, wherein the present embodiment, based on the current source circuit included by it, voltage source circuit and forced charge Or/and forced electric discharge function, polarity inversion and subsequent charging can be carried out to the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or filled Discharge operation.All operations to the progress of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of following the present embodiment are in addition to special instruction is manual, For by the function and work of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device, come what is realized, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging utensil has by setting The function that program performs.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, and rated capacity is 1.77Ah (2h Rate, 25 DEG C), rated voltage 2V has a structure that a piece of positive plate is pressed from both sides between two panels negative plate, the dividing plate between positive and negative electrode For AGM dividing plates, negative plate total capacity relative surplus is 2.8mm in positive plate total capacity, positive pole plate thickness, and negative pole plate thickness is 1.9mm, positive and negative electrode plate grid grid is rectangle, and its positive plate has existing general commercial formula of positive lead paste (wherein sulfuric acid Content relative to ball milling lead powder is 4.5wt.%, and be formulated in do not contain barium sulfate) made from anode diachylon, battery work when Only used as positive pole, therefore referred to as positive plate (clear subsequently to state, to be also named as electrode A in the present embodiment), Negative plate has cathode lead plaster made from existing general commercial cathode lead plaster formula, and battery only uses when working as negative pole, because Referred to herein as negative plate (clear subsequently to state, to be also named as electrode B 1, B2 in the present embodiment), positive and negative electrode lead plaster is adopted Lead powder is existing general commercial ball milling lead powder, solidification, dry after on positive plate the quality of dry lead plaster be 29.69g, this reality It is 1.27g/cm to apply the sulfuric acid solution density in a lead-acid accumulator³, the present embodiment exclude or prevent lose liquid, open circuit, short circuit, Interference of the factors such as mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is first, to allow the present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond carries out cycle charge-discharge work, and the cycle charge-discharge working system of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is：When battery is in charging During rear state, electric discharge work is carried out to battery with 1031mA constant current, upon discharging between reach 36 timesharing in 1 hour and (put Capacitance is 1649mAh, when being the 93% of rated capacity) or during cell voltage≤1.75V, stop electric discharge, then with 412mA constant current charges to battery, and after measuring cell voltage and reaching 2.65V, is converted into continuing with 2.65V constant pressures To battery charge, when twice (constant current, constant pressure) charging reach total time 6 hours 24 points, battery charging process terminates, then, then Foregoing discharge process is repeated with 1031mA constant current, so repeatedly, cyclically discharges, charges, discharge, recharge again, make Circulating battery charge and discharge works, and cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C；Secondly, when positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, Sulfation, passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material and collector loose contact, negative electrode active material specific surface area One or more in shrinkage factor cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator its discharge capacity or discharge time in above-mentioned work Less than a certain capability value set in advance or sometime (for example, what is set in the present embodiment is respectively 900mAh, 1 during value It is 36 points, 47 points of hour, as follows), stop the work of battery, start to carry out battery the positive and negative electrode pole of an at least phase twice in succession Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the completion of the operation, and operating discharge holds Amount is restored or improved, and then, battery is put into again under the working system of its original and continues work；Then such as This, during the cycle charge-discharge work (abbreviation circulation work, as follows) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, repeatedly, wears Ground is inserted, carries out to more phases the same as or similar to the above-mentioned positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession of the present embodiment and subsequent fills Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so as to suppress, prevent, repair, improve, eliminate or reverse the positive material(PAM) softening of lead-acid accumulator Or/and come off, the contraction of negative electrode active material specific surface area, electrode/fluid confluence/collector burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, One or more in sulfation, active material and collector loose contact problem, to significantly improve or extend the present embodiment The service life of lead-acid battery.Specifically, pass through the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device and its setting program, perform function, setting And perform and positive plate, the polarity inversion of negative plate and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour are carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Make, when carrying out the present embodiment anode plate for lead acid accumulator, negative plate polarity inversion operation, one kind is manually operated：By battery Voltage is down near 0V, then by human hand, by the connection of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator State is connected from charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip (positive pole export conductive clamp, as follows) with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), Charge and discharge electrical equipment negative pole clip (negative pole exports conductive clamp, as follows) is connected (this with lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) Kind connection claims just to connect state, as follows), change into, charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip and lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) Connection, charge and discharge electrical equipment negative pole clip be connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A) (it is such a connect title reversal connection state, below Together), or by reversal connection state change into state is just connect, the battery after then being converted to electrode connection status carries out charging to battery Voltage ＞ 0V, so as to realize the polarity inversion of its electrode of the present embodiment battery；Another kind is by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging Device is automatically brought into operation：When the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in and just connects state, pass through the perseverance in the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device Stream source carries out forced electric discharge to the present embodiment battery and causes the voltage of battery to be transformed into ＜ 0V state from >=0V state, or Battery is charged (or forced charge) in cell voltage ＜ 0V and make cell voltage from ＜ 0V state be transformed into >= 0V state, i.e., the polarity inversion operation to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is realized automatically.When battery, which is in, just connects state, Battery continues forced electric discharge in cell voltage ＜ 0V so that cell voltage be intended to it is more negative, then now battery positive plate (electricity Pole A) on mainly happens is that charging process in acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, on cell negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) It is main happens is that in lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction charging process (refer to electrode reaction equation of the present invention (1), (2), It is as follows)；And the present embodiment battery is in when just connecing state, battery is forced to charge in cell voltage ＜ 0V so that battery Voltage is intended to corrigendum or 0V, then now mainly happens is that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode is anti-on battery positive plate (electrode A) Mainly it happens is that in lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on discharge process, cell negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) in answering Discharge process；When the present embodiment battery, which is in, just connects state, battery is electrically charged in cell voltage ＞ 0V so that cell voltage It is intended to correct, then now mainly happens is that filling in lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on battery positive plate (electrode A) The charging process in acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on electric process, cell negative plate (electrode B 1, B2). So, realized by the forced electric discharge of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device, forced charge function and operation to the present embodiment electricity The polarity inversion operation of pond positive and negative electrode, and charging after polarity inversion or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.In addition, also utilize the present embodiment Charging, electric discharge when charging, discharging function are to implement to work to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator possessed by battery charging and discharging device Operation, with realize the cycle charge-discharge of the present embodiment battery work (below all operations to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and Measurement is to carry out setting program by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device, perform realization in addition to special instruction is manually). The method specific implementation process that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is as follows：

By upper, initially set up when the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is less than 900mAh, stop this reality A lead-acid accumulator is applied to work and start to carry out the battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of first, second time Or charge and discharge is electrically operated.The present embodiment battery is since the 2nd charge/discharge operation circulation after chemical conversion terminates according to the present embodiment work Make system and carry out charge and discharge circulation work, occur on the present embodiment battery positive plate during work lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, Acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on negative plate, as shown in figure 1, when work charge and discharge is recycled to the 148th time, this reality The operating discharge capacity for applying a battery starts substantially to show the phenomenon gradually declined, and on inspection, this is due to positive electrode active material Matter softening, come off caused by (the reason for following operating discharge capacity declines and this same), when charge and discharge circulation work is to the 179th time When, battery discharge to operating discharge capacity during 1.75V is down to 899mAh (i.e. residual capacity is the 50.9% of rated capacity), i.e., Reach and start the trigger condition electrically operated to the progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment battery and subsequent charging or charge and discharge (discharge capacity ＜ 900mAh), now, start to the present embodiment battery carry out first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and its The electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge afterwards and formal operation, i.e. (the now cell voltage after the electric discharge of the 179th task terminates For 1.75V), continue to battery using 1031mA constant currents carry out discharge 4min and to cell voltage as 0V when, stop discharge, then The polarity inversion of its positive plate, negative plate is carried out to the battery, i.e. manually by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device and the present embodiment The connection status of lead-acid accumulator is connected from charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), charge and discharge electrical equipment Negative pole clip just connects state with what lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) was connected, changes into, charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip with Lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) connection, charge and discharge electrical equipment negative pole clip are connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A) Reversal connection state, form the antipole connection being commonly called as, then, the battery after connection status converted to this with 1031mA constant current Charged so that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Charging process, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) on lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs Charging process, when small through 3 15min, cell voltage rise to 1.75V (now negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 for just, positive plate Or electrode A is negative) after, continue with 1031mA constant current to battery charge 3 hours (this process cell voltage from 1.75V rise To 2.23V, be still now negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 be just, positive plate or electrode A be negative), then, with 1031mA constant currents Battery is discharged so that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs on the discharge process of reaction, the negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The discharge process of reaction, the electric discharge are discharged through 24min, to stopping during 0V, then, carry out positive and negative electrode pole to the battery again Sex reversal, i.e. manually by the connection status of battery charging and discharging device and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip It is connected with lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2), charge and discharge electrical equipment negative pole clip and anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A) connect The reversal connection state connect, is changed into, and charge and discharge electrical equipment positive pole clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), charge and discharge electrical equipment is born Pole clip just connects state with what lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) was connected, then, to the battery with 258.4mA perseverance Electric current is charged so that it is anti-that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator It is anti-that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode occurs in the charging process answered, the negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The charging process answered, the charging through 31min, to cell voltage 1.75V when (now positive plate or electrode A are positive and negative pole plate or electricity Pole B1, B2 are negative), then with 16 hours 35min of 412mA constant current charges, to cell voltage 2.65V, then, then permanent with 2.65V Voltage charges 3 hours to the battery, and (this constant current, constant-voltage charge process positive plate or electrode A are positive and negative pole plate or electrode B 1, B2 Be negative), after the completion of the constant-voltage charge, so far, complete first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to the present embodiment battery and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.Then, the battery is made to reenter under the same charge and discharge cycles working condition and system Carry out the 180th task electric discharge and afterwards cycle charge discharge work.As a result show, through first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, discharge capacity of the battery under the 180th task state, which rises, to be reached 1452.5mAh, and to have returned to regular picture capacity 1649mAh (corresponding to put for the discharge capacity under its 181st task state The electric time be 1 hour 36 points).

Next, make the present embodiment battery continue run under working system, and will triggering positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and its The electrically operated condition of charging or charge and discharge afterwards is changed to by programming：As the operating discharge time ＜ of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator 36 timesharing in 1 hour, stop battery work and start automatically to battery progress the 3rd, the 4th time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.As shown in figure 1, operating discharge capacity is equal in the 181-224 times electric discharge-charging working cycles Reach the regular picture time, 1 hour 36 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 1649mAh), this reality in the cycle charge discharge course of work Apply generation lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on a battery positive plate (electrode A), plumbic acid occurs on negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) Battery terminal negative electrode reaction, when battery charge and discharge circulation work is to the 225th time, under the electric discharge ability to work of battery starts Drop, discharge time is 35 timesharing in 1 hour (now battery discharge final voltage is reduced to 1.75V), therefore, according to the triggering of setting The present embodiment battery is now transferred to just by condition and configuration processor, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device automatically by working condition immediately Pole plate, the polarity inversion of negative plate and subsequent charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and implementation phase, i.e. the 225th charge and discharge follow After ring operating discharge terminates, cell voltage is down to 1.75V, battery is stopped work, makes the connection status of battery and charge and discharge electrical equipment Just to connect state, i.e.,：The present embodiment battery charging and discharging device output head anode and the present embodiment anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A) It is connected, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device negative pole of output end and the present embodiment lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) phase Connection, then the present embodiment battery is automatically carried out continuing electric discharge and forced electric discharge with 1031mA constant current, and is passed through The forced electric discharge function of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device, this continues electric discharge and forced electric discharge operation causes this implementation through 23min Example cell voltage drops to 0V (in positive plate or the electrode A that this process causes the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from 1.75V quickly In the discharge process of generation lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, the negative plate of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or electrode B 1, B2 The discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs), then cell voltage is dropped to ﹣ 1.75V from 0V through 36min again (battery charging and discharging device is measured and the cell voltage that shows, and as follows, this process is causing the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator just Charging process, the negative plate of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occur on pole plate or electrode A Or the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on electrode B 1, B2), after ﹣ 1.75V are reached, continue to keep 1031mA constant current forced electric discharge (at this moment measures cell voltage and drops to about ﹣ 2.15V from ﹣ 1.75V, this process still makes for 3 hours Obtain the charging process that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, sheet The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on the negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) of embodiment lead-acid accumulator), so Afterwards, charge and discharge electrical equipment then the battery is carried out with 1031mA constant current forced charge (measure the charging of this process it is time-consuming 23 minutes, Cell voltage from about ﹣ 2.15V rise to 0V (this process so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive plate or electrode A on occur Occur in the discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, the negative plate of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or electrode B 1, B2 The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction), after cell voltage reaches 0V, charge and discharge electrical equipment automatically continue with 258.4mA constant current charges to battery, and (this process causes the present embodiment after cell voltage is reached 1.75V through 08 minute 1 hour Charging process, the present embodiment plumbic acid of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occur on the positive plate or electrode A of lead-acid accumulator The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 of battery), then with 412mA's Constant current to battery continue charging 41 minutes 8 hours so that measure cell voltage and reach 2.65V, then, switch to the battery with 2.65V constant pressures are charged, and this constant-voltage charge is kept 3 hours (positive plate or electrode As during this constant current, constant-voltage charge It is negative for positive and negative pole plate or electrode B 1, B2), after the completion of this constant-voltage charge, so far, complete the to the present embodiment battery the 3rd, Four positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, then by the present embodiment battery rotate back into its original, Carried out the 226th time under the same cycle charge discharge working condition and system and the cycle charge-discharge of number works afterwards.As a result show, After the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery is at the 228th time Circulation work in discharge time return to 1 hour 36 points, and next until its work in the 239th circulation work Discharge time be all it is normal, be 1 hour 36 points.(working cycles of the 226th, 227 time make it that discharge off is electric due to maloperation Force down in 1.75V, cause overdischarge).

Next, the present embodiment battery is set to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 1, when the present embodiment battery exists When circulation work is to the 240th time, its discharge time is 35 timesharing in 1 hour, triggers the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion set before again And subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, thus (the battery at the end of electric discharge after the electric discharge of the 240th task terminates Voltage is 1.75V), next charge and discharge electrical equipment has started to carry out the present embodiment battery into positive plate, the negative plate of the 5th, the 6th time Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, operating method and process and the present embodiment the 3rd, the 4th time it is positive and negative Pole polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated identical, then, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is reentered ditto Cycle charge-discharge working condition and system under then carry out the 241st time of the present embodiment battery and the afterwards cycle charge discharge of number Electricity work.As a result, after the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 5th, the 6th time is electrically operated, the present embodiment Battery discharge time in the circulation work of the 243rd time return to 1 hour 36 points (working cycles of the 241st, 242 time due to by mistake Operation causes final discharging voltage to be less than 1.75V, causes overdischarge).

Next, making the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and it is circulated throughout in the charge and discharge for carrying out the 244th time Cheng Zhong, the electrically operated beginning condition of triggering the present embodiment battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is passed through Programming is changed to：As the discharge time ＜ 45 minutes of the present embodiment battery, stop battery and work and start automatically to this reality Apply a lead-acid accumulator or its positive and negative pole plate carries out the 7th time, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 8th time and subsequent charging or filled Discharge operation.As shown in figure 1, its discharge performance is begun to decline when the present embodiment battery working cycles are to the 251st time, the 268th When secondary, the operating discharge time is 42 points (corresponding operating discharge capacity is 721mAh), now triggers the positive and negative electrode polarity of setting Reversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, thus after the 268th end-of-job that discharges (at the end of electric discharge Cell voltage is 1.75V), stop battery work, charge and discharge electrical equipment next start to carry out the present embodiment battery the 7th time, the 8th The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of secondary positive plate, negative plate are electrically operated, operating method and process and the present embodiment The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 3rd, the 4th time is electrically operated essentially identical, and institute's difference is, After cell voltage reaches ﹣ 1.75V, continue to keep 1031mA constant current forced electric discharge 4 hours (rather than 3 hours, this process It is still to drop to about ﹣ 2.15V from ﹣ 1.75V to measure cell voltage), the 7th time, the positive plate of the 8th time, the polarity of negative plate After the completion of reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is set to reenter the same cycle charge discharge Then the 269th time and the cycle charge-discharge work of number afterwards of the present embodiment battery are carried out under electric working condition and system.Knot Fruit, after the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 7th, the 8th time and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery is Discharge time returns to 1 hour 12 points (discharge capacity 1252mAh) in the circulation work of 269 times, and in the circulation of the 270th time In work discharge time return to 1 hour 36 points, and next until the 290th time cycle charge-discharge work in its work Make discharge time be all normal 1 hour 36 points.

As shown in figure 1, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, in ensuing the 270-463 times circulation work, its circulation is filled Working condition of discharging and system are all identical with the circulation work of above-mentioned the 1-270 times, and whenever the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The operating discharge time or operating discharge capacity be down to 1 hour 36 points or during 1649mAh or following, i.e., the present embodiment plumbic acid is stored It is electrically operated similar to above-mentioned polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge twice in succession that battery carries out a phase, i.e., respectively in its work Between making discharge the 295th, 296 time, between the 309th, 310 time, between the 324th, 325 time, between the 344th, 345 time, the 369th, between 370 times, between the 385th, 386 time, between the 405th, 406 time, between the 425th, 426 time, the 441st, 442 take second place Between, between the 457th, 458 time, respectively carried out continuous nine, the ten times, it is continuous 11st, 12 time ..., even Continuous the 27th, 28 time, totally 10 phases polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and cause this implementation The operating discharge time of example lead-acid accumulator or capacity are in each issue of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge twice in succession Recover in electrically operated subsequent first time or second of operating discharge to 1 hour 36 points or 1649mAh, so that this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator possesses the ability for continuing normal work electric discharge.

As shown in figure 1, after each issue of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge twice in succession is electrically operated in the present embodiment, The operating discharge time of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or capacity are put in the 1st time subsequent either the 2nd task of the operation Recover in electricity to 1 hour 36 points or 1649mAh, this may be operated with each issue of polarity inversion start before real work of battery discharge Capacity declines degree, carries out each polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electric current in discharge and recharge operating process, voltage, discharge and recharge Size, the method for capacity, number of stages etc. are relevant.For example, active material particle softening, the degree that comes off on positive plate it is big or Battery real work discharge capacity decline it is more, carry out phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or It is mutually also big to the charge volume demand after the 1st polarity inversion of the phase when discharge and recharge is grasped, and charged after the 2nd polarity inversion of the phase Electricity is larger to advantageously ensure that battery full charge, therefore, if after the 2nd polarity inversion of the phase charge capacity it is relatively small if having Battery undercharge may be caused, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator needs will be caused to pass through polarity inversion and thereafter twice in succession Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after first time operating discharge and charging process supply battery charge amount to continue as it.For example, Continuous two carried out between the 405th, 406 time of its operating discharge of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or between the 441st, 442 time Secondary polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, are discharged result from the 405th time or the 441st task, both The operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator declines degree and is respectively less than the 179th time, is carried out between the 405th, 406 time Polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process be：(now battery electricity after the electric discharge of 405th task Press as 1.75V), keep battery charging and discharging device and the present embodiment battery just connect state under, continue permanent with 1031mA to battery Electric current carries out electric discharge and forced electric discharge 132min so that cell voltage from 1.75V drop to 0V when, then drop to again from 0V- 1.75V is (wherein, from during 1.75V drops to 0V, mainly happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electricity on positive plate or electrode A The electric discharge of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in discharge process, negative plate or the electrode B 1, B2 that pole is reacted Process, during 0V drops to -1.75V, acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on positive plate or electrode A Charging process, the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in negative plate or electrode B 1, B2), When reaching -1.75V the polarity of negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) for just, the polarity of positive plate (electrode A) be it is negative, then, continue with 1031mA constant current to the battery forced electric discharge 4 hours (this process cell voltage continues to drop to from -1.75V - 2.087V, be still now negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 be just, positive plate or electrode A be negative), then, with 1031mA constant currents pair The battery carries out forced charge so that acid accumulator negative pole lead occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Lead acid battery positive electrode occurs on the discharge process of electrode reaction, the negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The discharge process of electrode reaction, the forced charge through 35min, to 0V when stop, then, then to the battery with 258.4mA perseverance Electric current is charged so that it is anti-that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator It is anti-that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode occurs in the charging process answered, the negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The charging process answered, the charging through 1 hour 21min, to cell voltage 1.75V when (now positive plate or electrode A are positive and negative electrode Plate or electrode B 1, B2 are negative), then with 412mA constant current charges 14 hours, to cell voltage 2.63V, then, then permanent with 2.65V Voltage charges 4 hours to the battery, and (this constant current, constant-voltage charge process positive plate or electrode A are positive and negative pole plate or electrode B 1, B2 It is negative), then, the battery is reentered under the same cycle charge-discharge working condition and system and carry out the work of the 406th time Electric discharge and the afterwards circulation work of number.The polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging that are carried out between 441st, 442 time or Charge and discharge it is electrically operated with the 405th, 406 time between it is essentially identical, institute's difference is, the company carried out between the 441st, 442 time The forced electric discharge electric current after the 1st polarity inversion during continuous polarity inversion twice and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated is (that is, the forced electric discharge makes the charging process that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in positive plate or electrode A to 1515mA, makes The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on negative plate or electrode B 1, B2).

It is considered as non-productive work if defining operating discharge capacity and being less than the 80% of rated capacity in the present embodiment or disregards Enter cycle charge-discharge work times (i.e. battery), then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is being carried out the first phase or first Before the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of secondary the present embodiment are electrically operated, as shown in figure 1, its circulation industrial for effectively working It is that (after 143 circulations, continuously operating discharge capacity is below rated capacity three times for 145 circulations to make number or service life 80%), but pass through the polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method, lead acid storage battery Pond, battery charging and discharging device, after the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator 463 times, normal work is can also continue to, its Effective working cycles number reaches 408 times, adds 181%, and according to upper it may be speculated that not producing collector burn into dehydration When continue according to aforesaid operations method, can obtain the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and continue to extend.

If in addition, so that 8 polarity inversion before the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated as an example carry out cost with Performance evaluation, the preceding 8 positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging carried out to battery in the present embodiment or the electrically operated institute of charge and discharge The total charge volume additionally consumed is about 47336mAh, and extra increased effectively work times are 83 times, therefore average increase is each The charge volume that work times additionally consume is 570mAh, is the 34.6% of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator rated capacity, with reference to The situation of existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery is calculated, and can be obtained, and the cost that increase effectively works every time is approximately existing commercialization 0.036% (electricity charge are calculated with 0.6 yuan/degree) of power lead-acid storage battery acquisition cost, 365 costs effectively to work of increase are about It is the 13.2% of existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery acquisition cost, i.e. if disregarding the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical equipment cost, application The present embodiment improves or extended the method for lead-acid accumulator service life, can be reduced to the use cost of electrokinetic cell within 1 year 13.2%.If (depth of discharge and discharge current are less than the 93% of this example in the case where operating discharge system is more light and slow DOD、1.16I₂,I₂For 0.5 multiplying power electric current), then it is also low averagely to increase the charge volume that each work times additionally consume, from And it is also corresponding lower to increase the cost effectively to work every time.In addition, battery often increases the service life of 1 year, in terms of bringing environmental protection Benefit be huge.In addition, the electrically operated middle use pulse of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge in the present embodiment is filled The method of electricity carries out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge, will further improve the efficiency of the operation, reduces the behaviour The cost of work, improve the benefit of the operation.

On the one hand as described above, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of the present embodiment are electrically operated makes The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive material(PAM) softening, coming off is enhanced, repairs, reversing so that the present embodiment Improved or recovered after the operating discharge capacity operation in lead-acid accumulator circulation work, another aspect, the present embodiment Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, also necessarily to the present embodiment circulating battery course of work Middle electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, the burn into active material for occurring, slightly occurring or will occur contacts not with collector The problem of good, negative pole specific surface area is shunk has the function that to improve, repairs, reverses, prevention.In the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator just In normal On The Cycle Working Process, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) periodically or non-periodically, interspersed ground are to this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator carry out the present embodiment positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, it will effectively Improvement, reparation, reverse, prevention positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, sulphur Hydrochlorate, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to improve or extend the present embodiment lead The service life of acid accumulator.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment has identity system, passes through The battery identity identifies system, and the battery charging and discharging device of the present embodiment can carry out identification to the present embodiment battery, so as to really The whole or recent duty history of the present embodiment battery, various related program settings etc. are determined, so as to by the present embodiment battery After charge and discharge electrical equipment is connected with the present embodiment battery, the present embodiment battery is carried out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or Charge/discharge operation.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, by the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator forced electric discharge to cell voltage ＜ 0V Or the forced electric discharge time after ﹣ 1.75V can also be 5 hours, 10 hours, 20 hours, cell voltage is reached ﹣ 2.3V, ﹣ 2.65V, ﹣ 2.78V etc., to obtain stronger positive material(PAM) softening, come off reversing effect.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, always according to electrolyte in measured battery concentration higher than 55%, And when battery temperature is higher than 45 DEG C, suspends positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and in electrolyte Concentration after (can be by being realized to battery fluid infusion), temperature drop to less than 40 DEG C less than 50%, continued access starts positive and negative electrode polarity Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, when the present embodiment battery is in work, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter Charging or during electrically operated on or off of charge and discharge, carry out fluid infusion operation to the present embodiment battery, the liquid mended include water, Sulfuric acid solution, additive solution one or more therein, to repair due to long-time, multiple, high current charge and discharge, overcharge Battery dehydration, mistake acid, the mistake additive equal loss caused by reason such as electricity, oxidation, cell sealing problem, improve battery and use the longevity Life.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method is applied to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, and the rated voltages of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is 12V, rated capacity is 12Ah, in method implements operation, mainly make in the setting and execution to the numerical value of the voltage in operation, electric current, capacity etc. Corresponding change, e.g., after lead-acid batteries forced electric discharge to battery voltage ＜ 0V, makes battery voltage continue to decline Stop forced electric discharge after to ﹣ 6V, ﹣ 10.5V, ﹣ 13V, ﹣ 15V, forced electric discharge electric current be 0.3 multiplying power, 0.5 multiplying power, 1 multiplying power, 2 times Rate.

Embodiment 7

The present embodiment improves or extended method, circuit and the lead-acid accumulator of lead-acid accumulator service life, wherein, this reality A circuit is applied, constant-current source circuit, constant voltage power supply circuit and the forced charge or/and forced electric discharge function included based on it can be real Polarity inversion and subsequent charging now are carried out to the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or charge and discharge is electrically operated, it may have is compiled Journey perform function.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, rated capacity be 1.93Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), rated voltage 2V, with the structure that a piece of positive plate is pressed from both sides between two panels negative plate, dividing plate is separated between positive and negative pole plate, Negative plate total capacity relative surplus is in positive plate total capacity, and its positive plate has lead plaster made from anode formula, when battery works Only used as positive pole, thus referred to as positive plate (clear subsequently to state, to be also named as electrode A in the present embodiment), Negative plate have conventional anode be formulated made from lead plaster, battery only uses when working as negative pole, thus referred to as negative plate is (to be rear Continuous statement is clear, is also named as electrode B 1, B2 in the present embodiment), the formula of positive and negative electrode lead plaster is different, and positive plate The lead powder that lead plaster uses is the lead oxide powder of 100% oxidizability, and the lead powder that negative plate lead plaster uses solidification, is done for ball milling lead powder The quality of dry lead plaster is 31.1g on positive plate after dry.Sulfuric acid solution density in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is 1.27g/ cm³, the present embodiment, which is excluded or prevented, loses the factors such as liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation The interference of process and result of implementation.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is first, to allow the present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond carries out cycle charge-discharge work, and the working system of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is：After the present embodiment battery is in charging During state, the present embodiment battery is carried out electric discharge work with 1008mA electric current, upon discharging between reach 1 hour 36 points (put Capacitance is 1614mAh, is rated capacity 83%) or during cell voltage≤1.75V, stops electric discharge, then with 404mA Constant current battery is charged, and after cell voltage reaches 2.65V, be converted into continuing to fill battery with 2.65V constant pressures Electricity, when twice (constant current, constant pressure) charging reach total time 6 hours 24 points, battery charging process is terminated then, to repeat foregoing 1008mA constant current discharge process, so repeatedly, the electric discharge of circulation, charging, discharge, recharge again, filling circulating battery Work is put, cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, sulfation, blunt In change, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material and collector loose contact, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrinkage factor One or more cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator its discharge time or discharge capacity in above-mentioned work to be less than or continuously When being worth less than a certain capability value set in advance or sometime, stop the work of the present embodiment battery, start to this implementation Example battery carries out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession of an at least phase and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, makes this implementation After the completion of the operation, operating discharge capacity is restored or improved example lead-acid accumulator, then, battery is put into it again Continue cycle charge-discharge work under working system originally.Then in this way, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator circulation industrial During work, repeatedly, intert ground, carry out to more phases the same as or similar to the above-mentioned positive and negative electrode twice in succession of the present embodiment Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so as to suppress, prevent, repair, improve, eliminate or reverse lead-acid accumulator Positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrink, electrode/fluid confluence/collector burn into One or more in passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact problem, come obvious Improve or extend the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid battery.Specifically, pass through the present embodiment circuit and its setting program, execution Function, set and perform to the progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, when carrying out the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive and negative electrode polarity inversion operation, as the embodiment of the present invention 6, Yi Zhongshi By manually operated, another kind is by the forced electric discharge and forced charge function of the present embodiment circuit, in the present embodiment circuit It is in the connection status of battery and just connects being automatically brought into operation and (referring to the corresponding contents in the embodiment of the present invention 6) under state.Separately Outside, also using possessed by the present embodiment circuit charging, discharging function to implement to work to the present embodiment battery when charging, put It is electrically operated, to realize that (all operations to battery and measurement are except special instruction is the circulation work of the present embodiment battery below It is outer manually, be that program setting is carried out by the present embodiment circuit, performs realization).The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator carry out or By in carry out circulation work and all polarity inversions and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process, the electrolyte in battery is relative It is superfluous or sufficient in the capacity of positive active material.

By upper, initially set up when the discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is continuously less than 1614mAh three times, stop The present embodiment battery work and start to the present embodiment battery carry out first, second time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment battery since the 18th charge and discharge circulate according to set duty Degree carries out cycle charge-discharge work, and (that above 17 charge and discharges circulation is carried out is the behaviour such as some overcharges, overdischarge, capacity check Make, in the total degree for also calculating cycle charge-discharge work), lead occurs on the present embodiment battery positive plate (electrode A) during work The reaction of acid accumulator anode electrode, occur acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on negative plate (electrode B 1, B2), charge and discharge circulation the 18-50 times, the present embodiment battery shows normal ability to work, i.e., each operating discharge capacity is equal 1614mAh.Work as charge and discharge When circulation work is to the 51st time, the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment battery starts to show to decline, i.e. the work of the 51-53 times Discharge capacity be respectively 1583,1568 and 1554mAh (corresponding discharge time be respectively 1 hour 34 points, 1 hour 33 points and 1 small When 31 divide), on inspection, this is due to positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by (the reason for following operating discharge capacity declines It is same with this), now, reach and start to carry out the present embodiment battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour The trigger condition (discharge capacity continuously three times ＜ 1614mAh) of work, then start to carry out the present embodiment battery first, second time Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. put in the 53rd circulation work Electricity terminate after (when cell voltage is down to 1.75V), stop the present embodiment battery work, then to the present embodiment battery with 1008mA constant currents carry out electric discharge until cell voltage is 0V, and then stopping electric discharge, then carries out its positive and negative electrode to the battery Polarity inversion (first time), i.e. manually by the connection status of the present embodiment circuit and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from this implementation Example circuit anode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), the present embodiment circuit negative pole clip and lead-acid accumulator Negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) connection just connects state, changes into, the present embodiment circuit anode clip and lead-acid battery negative pole plate The reversal connection state that (electrode B 1, B2) connection, the present embodiment circuit negative pole clip are connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), Then, the present embodiment battery after connection status has been converted to this with 1008mA constant current to charge, has made the present embodiment electric The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the positive plate (electrode A) in pond, sends out on negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) The charging process of bullion lead acid accumulator anode electrode reaction, after cell voltage rises to 1.75V, continue the perseverance electricity with 1008mA Stream charges 3 hours (this process cell voltage rises to 2.28V from 1.75V) to battery, then, with 1008mA constant currents to battery Discharged, make on the positive plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment battery occur acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction discharge process, The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on negative plate (electrode B 1, B2), this stops electric discharge when being discharged to 0V, Then, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion (for the second time) is carried out to the battery again, i.e. manually by the present embodiment circuit and this implementation The connection status of example lead-acid accumulator connects from the present embodiment circuit anode clip and lead-acid battery negative pole plate (electrode B 1, B2) Connect, the reversal connection state that the present embodiment circuit negative pole clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), change into, this implementation Example circuit anode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator (electrode A), the present embodiment circuit negative pole clip and lead-acid accumulator Negative plate (electrode B 1, B2) connection just connects state, then, the battery is charged with 251.5mA constant current, makes this reality Apply occur on the positive plate (electrode A) of a battery charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, negative plate (electrode B 1, B2 the charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on), during to cell voltage 1.75V, then is filled with 404mA constant currents Electricity, during to cell voltage 2.65V, then charging 3 hours carried out to battery with 2.65V constant voltages, so far, completed to the present embodiment electricity The first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge in pond are electrically operated.Then, the present embodiment battery weight is made Newly filled into the electric discharge of the 54th task of progress and the circulation of number afterwards under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working condition or system Electric discharge work.As a result show, after first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, this reality Apply discharge capacity of a battery in the 54th circulation work rise to 1570mAh (corresponding discharge time be 1 hour 33 points, Discharge capacity is less than 1614mAh, and this may be relevant with the undercharge before operating discharge, and following analogue is identical), and its The regular picture capacity that discharge capacity in 55 tasks has been returned under working condition, (corresponding discharge time is 1614mAh 1 hour 36 points).

Next make the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion will be triggered And subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are changed to by programming：It is continuous when the discharge time of the present embodiment battery It is less than 36 timesharing in 1 hour for four times, stops battery work, and starts to carry out battery third time, the positive and negative electrode polarity of the 4th time anti- Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment battery is in its 55-93 times charge and discharge cycles work Middle discharge capacity is 36 points of regular picture time 1 hour (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh), but in its charge and discharge circulation industrial When accomplishing the 94th time, the discharge time of battery starts to show to decline, i.e. the discharge time of the 94-97 times is respectively 1 small When 35 divide, 1 hour 34 points, 1 hour 33 points and 1 hour 33 points (corresponding discharge capacity is respectively 1603,1589,1578, 1567mAh), therefore reach and start to carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging to the present embodiment battery or discharge and recharge is touched Clockwork spring part, now, start to carry out the present embodiment battery the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill Discharge operation, operating method and process are grasped with carrying out first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Make essentially identical, institute's difference is, carries out before third time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion not by the voltage of battery from 1.75V Constant-current discharge stops the work of battery to 0V, but after battery is down to 1.75V in its voltage, and directly manually to the battery Electrode connect into line translation or exchange, i.e., by the connection status of the present embodiment circuit and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from just connecing State is changed into reversal connection state, and it is negative value now to measure cell voltage after connection conversion or exchange, then, with 1008mA perseverance electricity Stream charges to the battery after having converted connection status, when cell voltage rises to 0V again to 1.75V (during this from negative value Complete the third time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment battery) after, continue with 1008mA constant current to battery charging 3 Hour, then, battery is discharged with 1008mA constant currents, to electric discharge is stopped during 0V, then, (the 4th time) is to this again Battery carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, i.e. manually by the connection status of the present embodiment circuit and lead-acid accumulator from reversal connection state Change into and just connect state, then, the battery is charged with 251.5mA constant current, during to cell voltage 1.75V, then with 404mA constant current charges, during to cell voltage 2.65V, then with 2.65V constant voltages battery is charged 3 hours, so far, completed pair The the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present embodiment battery are electrically operated.Then, the electricity is made Pond, which is reentered under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working condition or system, carries out the electric discharge of the 98th task and number follows afterwards Ring charge/discharge operation.As a result show, after the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, Discharge capacity of the battery in the 98th circulation work is that (corresponding 28 points of discharge time 1 hour, does not reach 1489mAh 1614mAh this may be relevant with the undercharge before operating discharge), and the discharge capacity in its 99th circulation work has been recovered To the discharge capacity of normal work, 1614mAh (corresponding discharge time be 1 hour 36 points).

Next make the present embodiment battery continue to run by working system, and will triggering the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and Thereafter the electrically operated beginning condition of charging or charge and discharge is by programming change (after the electric discharge of the 99th task)：Work as the present embodiment The discharge time of lead-acid accumulator is less than 36 timesharing in 1 hour, stops battery and work and start automatically to battery progress the 5th, the The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of six times is electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator exists Discharge time in its 99-126 times charge and discharge cycles work be 1 hour 36 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh), when its circulation work is to the 127th time, the electric discharge ability to work of battery is begun to decline, and discharge time is 1 small When 35 divide (now cell voltage is reduced to 1.75V, and corresponding discharge capacity is 1607mAh), therefore, according to the triggering bar of setting The present embodiment battery is now transferred to and carries out positive and negative electrode polarity by part and program, the present embodiment circuit automatically by working condition immediately Reversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and implementation phase, i.e., after cell voltage is down to 1.75V, stop battery Work, and automatically the present embodiment battery is continued to discharge with 1008mA constant current, and pass through the present embodiment electricity The forced electric discharge function on road, the continuation discharge operation make cell voltage drop to 0V from 1.75V, then drop to ﹣ from 0V again (period stands 10min to 1.75V when reaching 0V, and this drops to from 1.75V completes this during 0V drops to -1.75V again 5th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of embodiment battery, during 1.75V drops to 0V, the positive pole of the present embodiment battery Occur that plumbic acid storage occurs on the discharge process, negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on plate or electrode A The discharge process of GND electrode reaction, during 0V drops to -1.75V, the positive plate or electricity of the present embodiment battery Occur that lead-acid accumulator is occurring just in charging process, negative plate or the electrode B 1, B2 of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on the A of pole The charging process of pole electrode reaction) after ﹣ 1.75V are reached, continue to keep with 1008mA 3 hours (these of constant current forced electric discharge When measure cell voltage and drop to about ﹣ 2.12V from ﹣ 1.75V), forced electric discharge is after 3 hours, the present embodiment circuit then with 1008mA constant current carries out forced charge to the battery and (measures cell voltage and rise to 0V, charging time-consuming 21 from about ﹣ 2.12V Minute), after cell voltage reaches 0V, 10min is stood, then, the present embodiment circuit automatically continues the perseverance electricity with 251.2mA Stream charges to battery, until cell voltage is up to 1.75V, (this rises to during 0V rises to 1.75V again from -2.12V and completed 6th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment battery, during -2.12V rises to 0V, the present embodiment battery Positive plate or electrode A on the discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occur, occur in negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, during 0V rises to 1.75V, the positive plate of the present embodiment battery Or lead acid storage battery occurs in the charging process of generation lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, negative plate or electrode B 1, B2 in electrode A The charging process of pond negative electrode reaction) after, then with 404mA constant current battery is continued to charge, until measuring cell voltage Up to after 2.65V, then to battery with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, and this constant-voltage charge is kept for 3 hours, so far, complete to the present embodiment The the 5th, the 6th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of lead-acid accumulator are electrically operated, then by the present embodiment Battery, which is rotated back under its same electric discharge-charging cycle working condition or system, carries out the electric discharge of the 128th task and afterwards number Cycle charge-discharge work.As a result show, grasped through the 5th, the 6th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge After work, discharge time of the present embodiment battery under the 128th circulation work state is 1 hour 25 points of (corresponding discharge capacity For 1428mAh, being this time not up to 1614mAh, this may be relevant with the undercharge before operating discharge), and its 129th task Discharge capacity under state has returned to normal 36 points of discharge time 1 hour (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh).

Next this implementation battery is made to continue to run by working system, as shown in Fig. 2 battery follows at its 129-152 times Ring work in discharge time be normal 1 hour 36 points, when the present embodiment battery in circulation work to the 153rd time when, its Discharge time is 1 hour 35 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 1612mAh), triggers the battery positive and negative electrode pole set before again Sex reversal and subsequent the electrically operated beginning condition of charging or charge and discharge, thus (electric discharge terminates after the 153rd end-of-job that discharges When cell voltage be 1.75V), the present embodiment circuit starts to carry out the positive and negative electrode polarity of the 7th, the 8th time to the present embodiment battery Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the positive and negative electrode that operating method and process and the present embodiment battery are the 5th, the 6th time Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated identical, and the present embodiment battery then is rotated back into its same electric discharge-fill The electric discharge of the 154th task and afterwards the cycle charge-discharge work of number are carried out under electric circulation work state or system, the results showed that, After the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 7th, the 8th time and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery the 154th, Discharge time under 155 circulation work systems be respectively 1 hour 15 points, 1 hour 34 points (corresponding discharge capacity be 1260, This may be relevant with the undercharge before operating discharge by 1579mAh, not up to 1614mAh, and this twice operating discharge due to Maloperation causes overdischarge), and the discharge capacity under its 156th task state has returned to normal 1 hour discharge time 36 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh).

Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run by working system, as shown in Fig. 2 battery is at its 156-166 times Discharge time in circulation work be 1 hour 36 points, when battery in circulation work to the 167th time when, its discharge time is 1 small When 35 timesharing (corresponding discharge capacity is 1604mAh), trigger the battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion that sets before and thereafter again Charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, thus (cell voltage is at the end of electric discharge after the 167th end-of-job that discharges 1.75V), the present embodiment circuit next start to the present embodiment battery carry out the 9th, the tenth time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, the positive and negative electrode polarity of operating method and process still with the present embodiment battery the 5th, the 6th time Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated identical, and the present embodiment battery then is rotated back into its same electric discharge-charging and followed The electric discharge of the 168th task and afterwards the cycle charge-discharge work of number are carried out under ring working condition or system, as a result, through the 9th, After the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the tenth time are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery follows at the 168th, 169 time Discharge time under ring working condition be respectively 1 hour 06 point, 1 hour 16 points (corresponding discharge capacity be 1109,1277mAh, Being not up to 1614mAh, this may be relevant with the undercharge before operating discharge), and the electric discharge under its 170th task state Capacity then returns to normal 36 points of discharge time 1 hour (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh).

Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run by working system, will after battery completes the 170th circulation work Triggering battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are changed to by programming：When this The operating discharge time of embodiment lead-acid accumulator is less than 46 timesharing, stop battery work and start to battery progress the 11st, The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 12nd time is electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2 in ensuing 170- In the work of 179 circulations its discharge time be all 1 hour 36 points, but under discharge capacity starts in the 180th circulation work Drop, and in the circulation work of the 192nd time discharge time be 45 points (corresponding discharge capacity be 756mAh), trigger start it is electric Pond positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated condition of charging or charge and discharge, thus in the 192nd circulation electric discharge end-of-job (cell voltage is 1.75V at the end of electric discharge) afterwards, the present embodiment circuit start to carry out the 11st, the 12nd to the present embodiment battery Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the operating process and the present embodiment battery the five, the 6th Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated essentially identical, and institute's difference is, reach ﹣ After 1.75V, continue to carry out forced electric discharge 4 hours to the present embodiment battery with 1031mA constant current (rather than 3 hours, this mistake It is still to drop to about ﹣ 2.12V from ﹣ 1.75V that journey, which measures cell voltage).As a result, through the battery positive and negative electrode of the 11st, the 12nd time After polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery discharge time in the circulation work of the 193rd time Return to 1 hour 32 points (corresponding capacity is 1560mAh), and discharge time, to return to 1 small in the circulation work of the 194th time When 36 divide, and in the ensuing cycle charge discharge work until the 210th time its discharge time be all 1 hour 36 points.Fig. 3 shows Gone out intert during the 189-196 times cycle charge-discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and the process the 11st, 12 positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or electric current in discharge and recharge operating process, cell voltage situation of change.

As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in ensuing the 211-667 times circulation work, whenever this reality When applying operating discharge time of a lead-acid accumulator and being down to 1 hour 36 points (corresponding capacity is 1614mAh) or following, i.e., to this It is electrically operated similar to above-mentioned polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge twice in succession that embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out a phase, I.e. respectively the 220th (corresponding operating discharge capacity is 1475mAh, as follows) in circulation work electric discharge, between 221 times, the Between 252 (1292.8mAh), 253 times, the 296th (1611mAh), between 297 times, the 327th (1610.4mAh), between 328 times, Between 354 (1590.5mAh), 355 times, the 382nd (1590mAh), between 383 times, the 403rd (1602.3mAh), between 404 times, Between 423rd (1600mAh), 424 times, the 436th (1610.9mAh), between 437 times, the 447th (1579.8mAh), 448 take second place Between, the 491st (1605mAh) it is secondary, between 492 times, the 538th (1612.6mAh), between 539 times, the 582nd (1609.8mAh), 583 Between secondary, the 614th (1611.8mAh), between 615 times, the 641st (1606.8mAh), between 642 times, respectively carried out continuous The the 13rd and the 14th time, it is continuous 15th and the 16th time ... positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in each issue of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent After charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator soon or immediately recover to 1614mAh, so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator possesses the ability for continuing normal work.

As shown in Fig. 2 above-mentioned each issue of the present embodiment twice in succession after positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, has and only passes through charging operations It is normal to allow for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge capacity restoration, there is the charging by once or more-put After electricity-charging operations so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge capacity restoration is normal, for example, in the present embodiment lead The positive and negative electrode twice in succession to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator between the 582nd, 583 time of acid accumulator circulation work electric discharge The charge and discharge carried out after polarity inversion to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is electrically operated to be：To this implementation after current period twice polarity inversion Lead-acid accumulator carries out 404mA constant current charges to 2.65V (taking 13 hours 54 points), and then constant pressure 2.65V chargings 3 are small again When, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put under cycle charge-discharge working system and carries out the electric discharge of the 583rd task, as a result The present embodiment battery the operating discharge time of the 583rd time or capacity or ability recover to normal 1 hour 36 points or More than 1614mAh.

Some experimental datas in the present embodiment show, each issue of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator twice in succession polarity inversion and Thereafter after charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated immediately the degree of the operating discharge capacity restoration of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and this Number (i.e. every two phases company that normal circulation works can be continuously kept after each issue of operating discharge capacity restoration of embodiment lead-acid accumulator The normal work that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is resumed between continuous polarity inversion twice and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Make cycle-index) the real work discharge capacity decline degree of battery, each issue of company before starting should be operated with each issue of polarity inversion Electric current, voltage, time, charge/discharge capacity, arteries and veins employed in continuous polarity inversion twice and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Punching or direct current, frequency, number of stages, density of electrolyte, electrolyte degree of saturation, interior group of battery, total accumulative time of circulation work Size, the methods of number etc. are relevant.

In the present embodiment, if defining method according to existing battery, by making for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator It is defined as being considered as battery when continuous operating discharge capacity three times is less than the 83% of rated capacity (1602mAh) with the life-span Terminate, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is being carried out the polarity inversion of any the present embodiment and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Before work, as shown in Fig. 2 its service life is 53 circulations, i.e. the operating discharge capacity of the 51st, 52,53 time is respectively 1582.8th, 1568.1,1554mAh, but the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge that pass through the present embodiment are grasped Make method, lead-acid accumulator and circuit, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator circulation work discharge capacity reaches the 83% of rated capacity Or more cycle-index be extended to 608 times using Life Cycle number, add 1047%, and according to upper it may be speculated that When collector burn into dehydration is not produced, according to aforesaid operations method, making for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator can be made Obtained with the life-span and continue to improve or extend.

On the one hand as described above, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of the present embodiment are electrically operated makes The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive material(PAM) softening, coming off is enhanced, repairs, reversing so that the present embodiment Operating discharge capacity in lead-acid accumulator circulation work is improved or recovered after this operation, on the other hand, this implementation The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of example are electrically operated, also necessarily worked to the present embodiment circulating battery Occur in journey, slight electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, the burn into active material that occurs or may occur contacts with collector The problem of bad, negative pole specific surface area is shunk has the function that to improve, repairs, reverses, prevention.In the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator In the normal circulation course of work, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) periodically or non-periodically, interspersed ground are to this reality Apply a lead-acid accumulator carry out the present embodiment positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, it will have The improvement of effect, reparation, reverse, prevention positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, Sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to improve or extend the present embodiment The service life of lead-acid accumulator.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function is integrated into the composition of battery charging and instrument for repairing, turns into the one of battery charging and instrument for repairing product Part.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function is integrated into the composition of lead-acid accumulator, turns into a part for lead-acid accumulator product.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the density of electrolyte of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator can be 1.29g/ cm³Or 1.32g/cm³。

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function, both it was not integrated into the composition of battery charging and discharging device, and was not integrated into lead-acid accumulator yet Composition in, but the product independent as one.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method, circuit are used for the present embodiment lead-acid batteries (rated voltage 36V, rated capacity 12Ah), turn into the present embodiment and carry High or extend the method for lead-acid batteries service life, circuit, during application, the method and circuit in present embodiment are in electricity The change corresponding to battery parameter has been made in the setting and execution of the parameter values such as pressure, electric current, capacity, allowed band aspect, e.g., will Lead-acid batteries forced electric discharge makes battery voltage continue to drop to ﹣ 7V, ﹣ 10.7V, ﹣ to after battery voltage ＜ 0V Stop forced electric discharge after 12.6V, ﹣ 15.3V, forced electric discharge electric current is 0.4 multiplying power, 0.6 multiplying power, 1 multiplying power, 2 multiplying powers.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended lead-acid accumulator or battery pack uses The method in life-span, circuit are used for tube type lead-acid accumulator or batteries, spirally wound lead acid battery or batteries, bipolar system Lead-acid accumulator or batteries, horizontal lead cloth lead-acid accumulator or batteries, cystosepiment grating lead-acid accumulator or storage Battery pack, valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator or batteries, gelled lead acid battery or batteries, lead carbon battery or storage Battery pack, ultracapacitor-lead-acid accumulator or batteries, pillar lead-acid accumulator or batteries.

Embodiment 8

The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is a kind of surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, have two panels negative plate clip it is a piece of just The structure of pole plate, is separated with AGM dividing plates between positive pole, negative pole, the rectangular grid of anode plate grid is 9mm*7.5mm, negative electrode grid Rectangular grid is 13mm*7mm, and the material of anode plate grid is Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy, and the material of negative electrode grid is Pb-Ca-Al alloy, just Electrode thickness is 2.8mm, and negative pole plate thickness is 1.9mm, the formula of anode diachylon and the formula of existing general commercial anode diachylon Essentially identical, formula difference is, the Gao Bibiao that the lead powder that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator uses is 100% for oxidizability Area oxide lead powder, and the sulfuric acid amount used during cream are zero, and cathode lead plaster is existing general commercial cathode lead plaster.The present embodiment lead The rated capacity of acid accumulator is 1.79Ah (C_1.5, 1.5h rates, 25 DEG C), rated voltage 2V, negative electrode total capacity relative surplus in Positive electrode total capacity, solidification, dry after on positive plate the quality of dry lead plaster be 32.36g, the sulfuric acid in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Solution density is 1.27g/cm³, and in following the present embodiment circulating battery work and polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill Remain sufficient during discharge operation.Positive plate only uses as positive pole when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator works, two panels Negative plate only uses when battery works as negative pole, for ease of the narration of follow-up polarity inversion operation, by the present embodiment plumbic acid The positive plate of battery is named as electrode A, and the two panels negative plate of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is named as into electrode B 1, B2.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is, in the cycle charge discharge of the present embodiment battery During electricity work, when the operating discharge number of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches certain default secondary numerical value, or its work Make discharge capacity, because positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrink, electrode/fluid confluence/ The passivation of collector burn into, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and one kind in collector loose contact problem or It is a variety of, and less than its rated capacity a certain percent value (such as 85.5%, 80%) when, that is, start to this example lead acid storage battery The positive pole in pond, negative pole are automatic or/and manually carry out phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make so that positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrink, electrode/fluid confluence/collector It is one or more in burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact problem To suppressing, preventing, repairing, improving, eliminating or reversing, make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the completion of the operation, operating discharge Capacity is restored or improved, then, by the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator put into again cycle charge-discharge work in use or Work, until triggering or starting the another phase again to the present embodiment lead acid battery positive electrode, the polarity of negative pole progress twice in succession Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.The positive pole twice in succession of any one phase described in the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated including step：(1) by carrying out antipole charging (electric current to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator For 1194mA) method so that the original positive pole of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator (electrode A) and original negative pole (electrode B 1, B2 polarity) occurs reversion or exchanged, i.e., the polarity of original positive pole (electrode A) is inverted to negative, original negative pole (electrode B1, B2) polarity be inverted to just, this be phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated in First time polarity inversion, then, the positive pole (electrode B 1, B2) after the first time polarity inversion, negative pole (electrode A) are carried out 1194mA constant-current charges to 1.75V or 2.0V (now electrode B 1, B2 polarity be just, the polarity of electrode A be negative), then, with 1194mA electric current constant current charging method continues charging 3 or 4 or 5 hours and (electrode B 1 during this, mainly happens is that lead on B2 The charging process of acid accumulator anode electrode reaction, mainly happens is that filling for acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction in electrode A Electric process)；(2) on after the end of the step, constant-current discharge is carried out to 0V (this mistake with 1194mA electric current to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Electrode B 1 in journey, the discharge process that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on B2, mainly occur in electrode A It is the discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction)；(3) when the voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 0V, lead to Cross the method that antipole charging (298mA electric current) is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Electrode A, B1, B2 polarity inversion occurs again, i.e., electrode B 1, B2 are inverted to negative polarity from positive polarity, by electrode A from negative pole Sex reversal into positive polarity, this be phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated in second of pole Sex reversal, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after second of the polarity inversion is charged to 298mA constant currents 1.75V is then small with 2.65V constant voltage progress constant-voltage charge 4 again then again with 477mA electric current constant-current charge to 2.65V When, then, then with 1194mA current discharge to 1.75V, then again with 477mA electric current constant-current charge to 2.65V, Ran Houzai With 2.65V constant-voltage charges, and it is 6 hours in the 477mA constant currents described in the last two steps, the cumulative time of 2.65V constant-voltage charges 24 timesharing stop, to the present embodiment lead acid battery charge, completing step (3), in the step (3), second of the polarity After reversion, the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode A, lead acid storage battery occurs in electrode B 1, B2 The charge and discharge process of pond negative electrode reaction, so far complete the phase of the present embodiment one positive pole twice in succession, negative polarity reversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.The system of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator its cycle charge-discharge work is, during operating discharge, The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is with 1194mA (0.62C₂) constant current discharge to 1.75V, i.e. 100%DOD's (depth of discharge) Electric discharge, then carries out charging to 2.65V, then again with 2.65V's to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 477.6mA constant current Constant voltage carries out constant-voltage charge to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, and when the 477.6mA constant currents, 2.65V constant-voltage charges Total time is 24 timesharing in 6 hours, terminates the charging process to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, then, stores the present embodiment plumbic acid Battery carries out above-mentioned operating discharge process again, carries out so electric discharge, charging process repeatedly, in multiple times, realizes this reality Apply the cycle charge-discharge course of work of a lead-acid accumulator.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in its circulation work, and electrode A is all the time For just, electrode B 1, B2 are always negative, i.e., the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, electrode occur in electrode A The charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on B1, B2.The present embodiment exclude or prevent lose liquid, open circuit, Interference of the factors such as short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation.

As shown in figure 4, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator its use or On The Cycle Working Process in, respectively in its operating discharge The the 199th, 200 time between, between the 214th, 215 time, between the 223rd, 224 time, between the 232nd, 233 time, the 241st, 242 time Between, between the 254th, 255 time, between the 263rd, 264 time, between the 274th, 275 time, between the 280th, 281 time, the 283rd, Between 284 times, between the 293rd, 294 time, between the 312nd, 313 time, between the 328th, 329 time, between the 358th, 359 time, 387th, between 388 times, between the 406th, 407 time, between the 417th, 418 time, between the 426th, 427 time, the 436th, 437 take second place Between, between the 451st, 452 time, between the 466th, 467 time, between the 486th, 487 time, always add up as 22 phases (totally 44 It is secondary), described in the present embodiment, each issue of positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or the charge and discharge to carry out twice in succession It is electrically operated, wherein, the positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent the charging that are carried out twice in succession described in the present embodiment or discharge and recharge behaviour 1194mA constant-current charges are to the 1194mA constant-current charge times continued after 1.75V or 2.0V, preceding 8 phase in the step of making (1) It it is 3 hours, the 9th phase to the 17th phase is 4 hours, rear 5 phase is 5 hours.Trigger or start what 22 phase was carried out twice in succession Positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated condition of charge and discharge, triggering or charged shape when starting residing for battery State is incomplete same, for example, a phase is carried out twice in succession between the 199th, 200 time polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Electrically operated triggering or to start condition be that working cycles number reaches default operating discharge-number of recharge cycles 199 times, and Start positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or the charge and discharge carried out twice in succession after the electric discharge of the 199th task terminates It is electrically operated；For example, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge that a phase is carried out twice in succession between the 214th, 215 time are electrically operated Triggering or to start condition be that operating discharge capacity is less than the 85.5% of rated capacity first, and circulate in the 215th task permanent Pressure charging process starts positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent the charging carried out twice in succession after terminating or charge and discharge is electrically operated； For example, the triggering that a phase is carried out twice in succession between the 274th, 275 time polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Or start condition and be operating discharge capacity continuous four times less than the 80% of rated capacity；For example, a phase connects between the 387th, 388 time During the electrically operated beginning of the continuous polarity inversion carried out twice and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, which is in, to be filled In electric process；In addition, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour that a phase is carried out twice in succession between the 406th, 407 time The positive pole (electrode B 1, B2) after the first time phase polarity inversion, negative pole (electrode A) are carried out conducted in the step of making (1) 1194mA constant-current charges voltage extremely be 2.0V；A phase is carried out twice in succession between the 436th, 437 time positive pole, negative pole pole In sex reversal and subsequent the electrically operated step (3) of charging or charge and discharge, the electrode A of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, B1, B2 occur After second of polarity inversion of the phase, its charge and discharge process is to the sheet after second of polarity inversion of the phase with 298mA constant currents Embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out charging to 1.75V, then again with 477mA electric current constant-current charge to 2.65V, then again with 2.65V constant voltage carries out constant-voltage charge 4 hours, then, directly puts into the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in working cycles Go to use or work, so eliminate in operating procedure (3) described in other phases " again with 1194mA current discharge to 1.75V, Then again with 477mA electric current constant-current charge to 2.65V, then again with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, and described in the last two steps 477mA constant currents, the cumulative time of 2.65V constant-voltage charges stopped to the present embodiment lead acid battery charge for 24 timesharing in 6 hours, complete Into step (3) ".

As shown in figure 4, complete the positive pole twice in succession, negative pole umpolung and subsequent charging of each issue of the present embodiment or filling After discharge operation, operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in cycle charge-discharge work is all significantly carried immediately Rise or recover (on inspection, this is due to improvement, reparation, has reversed positive material(PAM) softening, come off).If by the present embodiment The service life of lead-acid accumulator is defined as 80% (1447mAh) that its operating discharge capacity is continuously less than its rated capacity three times When be considered as the end of life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, then the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is at most 272 tasks circulate, (the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator the operating discharge capacity of the 270th, 271,272 time be respectively 1434, 1353rd, 1279mAh), but the present embodiment is electrically operated by the positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, So that the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator (in more than 80% all working of rated capacity put by operating discharge capacity Electric number of recharge cycles) be enhanced or extend to 495 times, and it could be speculated that exclude grid corrosion, electrode deformation, battery lose liquid, In the case of battery short circuit, breaking factor, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator has than the 495 times longer service lifes of circulation.

On the one hand as described above, the positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge are electrically operated So that the positive material(PAM) softening of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, coming off is enhanced, repairs, reversing, so that this implementation Improved or recovered after the operating discharge capacity operation in example lead-acid accumulator circulation work, another aspect, this implementation Positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent the discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of example are electrically operated, and also necessarily the present embodiment circulating battery is worked During occur, slight electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material and the collector that occurs or may occur connects Touching the problem of bad, negative pole specific surface area is shunk has the function that to improve, repairs, reverses, prevention.In the present embodiment lead acid storage battery In the normal circulation course of work of pond, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) periodically or non-periodically, interspersedly to this Embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out the positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge is electrically operated, will It can effectively improve, repair, reversing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacity damage Mistake, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to improve or extend this reality Apply the service life of a lead-acid accumulator.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, pulse current, pulse voltage can be used to replace direct current, constant voltage The polarity carried out in positive pole twice in succession, negative polarity reversion and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge operating procedure of this example is anti- Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge process or step, so as to improve the present embodiment lead acid battery positive electrode, negative polarity reversion And subsequent charging or the electrically operated timeliness of charge and discharge, efficiency.In order to prevent or reduce analysis oxygen or liberation of hydrogen, polarity inversion can be also limited And the maximum that cell voltage reaches in charging thereafter or discharge and recharge operating process is less than 2.65V, such as 2.5V, 2.44V, 2.33V.

Embodiment 9

The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is a kind of tube type lead-acid accumulator, and there is two panels surface plate grating negative electrode to clip one The structure of root tubular type positive electrode, is isolated between positive pole, negative pole by AGM dividing plates, the outer tube interior diameter of tubular type positive electrode For in 6.3mm, thickness of pipe wall 0.25mm, the high 75mm of pipe (length for including upper and lower chock plug), pipe lead-Calcium alloy conduction bone core it is straight Footpath is 2.5mm, active material quality is 5.5g in pipe, is made up of existing general commercial ball milling lead powder, its housing size of negative plate For 72mm*45m, rectangular grid 13mm*7mm, thickness 1.9mm, cathode lead plaster is existing general commercial cathode lead plaster.This reality Applying a lead-acid accumulator, initially default rated capacity is 0.342Ah (C₂, 2h rates, 25 DEG C, active material utilization is 25.5%), rated voltage 2V, sulphur of the negative electrode total capacity relative surplus in positive electrode total capacity, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Acid solution density is 1.27g/cm³, and in following the present embodiment circulating battery work and polarity inversion and subsequent charging or Remain sufficient in discharge and recharge operating process.Tubular type positive electrode only makes as positive pole when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator works With two panels negative plate only uses when battery works as negative pole, and the narration for ease of follow-up polarity inversion operation is clear, incite somebody to action this The tubular type positive electrode of embodiment lead-acid accumulator is named as tubular pole A, by the two panels negative plate of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator It is named as plate type electrode B1, B2.The present embodiment exclude or prevent lose liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure etc. because Interference of the element to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is, when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is at it In the use or work of cycle charge-discharge work, circulation reaches after certain number or (such as positive active material as needed Soften or/and come off, negative electrode active material specific surface area is shunk, electrode/fluid confluence/collector burn into passivation, early stage capacity damage One or more in mistake, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact factor make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator work Make when discharge capacity declines and is less than certain capacitance values or after, it is desirable to or need to improve battery operating discharge capacity or raising, prolong Long battery) between certain twice circulation work, it is automatic to the positive and negative electrode of this example lead-acid accumulator or/and manual Ground carries out phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, makes the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator at this After the completion of operation, operating discharge capacity is restored or improved, and then, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into circulation again It is continuing with or works in charge/discharge operation, it is positive and negative to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator until triggering or starting the another phase again Pole carries out polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, in this way, in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator During cycle charge-discharge work (abbreviation circulation work, as follows), repeatedly, intert ground, carry out on the present embodiment to more phases The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge stated are electrically operated, by suppressing, preventing, repairing, improving, eliminating or inverse Turn the positive material(PAM) softening of lead-acid accumulator or/and come off, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrink, electrode/fluid confluence/ The passivation of collector burn into, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and one kind in collector loose contact problem or It is a variety of, to significantly improve or extend the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid battery.Any one phase described in the present embodiment is twice in succession Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated including step：(1) it is anti-by being carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The method of pole charging so that the original positive pole (tubular pole A) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and original negative pole (plate type electrode B1, B2) polarity reversion occurs or exchanges, i.e., the polarity of original positive pole (tubular pole A) is inverted to negative, original negative pole The polarity of (plate type electrode B1, B2) is inverted to just, and this is the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the phase twice in succession First time polarity inversion in electrically operated, then, to the positive pole (plate type electrode B1, B2) after the first time polarity inversion, bear Pole (tubular pole A) carry out constant-current charge certain time (during this plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity for just, tubular pole A Polarity is negative, and the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, tubular pole are mainly happens is that on plate type electrode B1, B2 The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on A)；(2) on after the end of the step, to the present embodiment plumbic acid Battery (mainly happens is that plumbic acid stores with certain electric current progress constant-current discharge to 0V on plate type electrode B1, B2 during this The discharge process of anode electrode reaction, putting for acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on tubular pole A Electric process)；(3) it is anti-by being carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator when the voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 0V The method of pole charging so that polarity inversion occurs again for tubular pole A, plate type electrode B1, B2 of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, Plate type electrode B1, B2 are inverted to negative polarity from positive polarity, tubular pole A is inverted to positive polarity from negative polarity, this is should Second of polarity inversion during phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, then with a kind of or more Kind electric current carries out charging to 2.65V to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after second of the polarity inversion, then again with 2.65V Constant voltage carry out constant-voltage charge 4 hours, it is then, then with certain current discharge to 1.75V, then permanent with certain electric current again Current charge is to 2.65V, then again with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, and in the constant current described in the last two steps, 2.65V constant-voltage charges Stop when cumulative time is certain value to the present embodiment lead acid battery charge, complete step (3), it is described in the step (3) It is anti-that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs in the charge and discharge process carried out after the completion of second of polarity inversion, on tubular pole A The charge and discharge process answered, the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on plate type electrode B1, B2, so far, Complete positive and negative electrode polarity inversion that a phase carries out twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.

Working system of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in its whole cycle charge-discharge course of work have it is a variety of, by work The sequencing of progress, having successively, cycle charge-discharge working system (1):After the completion of the chemical conversion of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, To the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 151.7mA constant current discharge to 1.75V, i.e. 100%DOD (depth of discharge) electric discharge, Then, to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 60.8mA constant current carry out charging 7 hours 24 points, so repeat, circulation carry out The electric discharge of the working system, charging process；Cycle charge-discharge working system (2)：By the 60.8mA in working system (1), 7 hours 24 points of constant current charge process changes turn into 60.8mA, 8 hours 24 constant-current charges, and other duty contents are constant, make this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator repeats, circulates the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Cycle charge-discharge working system (3)：By work 60.8mA in system (2), 8 hours 24 points of constant current charge process changes turn into the constant-current charge, then for first carrying out 60.8mA After voltage reaches 2.65V, it is transformed into the constant-voltage charge that 2.65V is carried out to the present embodiment battery, and make in each circulation 60.8mA constant-current charge and 2.65V constant-voltage charge total time are equal to 9 hours 24, and other working system contents are constant, in this way, Repeat the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulate the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Cycle charge-discharge working system (4)：Working system (3) is changed over and first carries out 605.5mA constant-current charge and then after voltage reaches 2.65V, is transformed into pair The present embodiment battery carries out 2.65V constant-voltage charge, and makes 605.5mA constant-current charge and 2.65V constant pressure in each circulation Charging is equal to 26min at total time, then to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator progress 1518.8mA constant-current discharge to 1.75V, such as This, repeats the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulation carries out the working system makees charge and discharge process；Cycle charge-discharge works System (5)：Make the constant-current discharge blanking voltage in working system (4) into 1.5V from 1.75V, other working system contents are not Become, in this way, repeating the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulating the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Cycle charge discharge electrician Make system (6)：Make the constant-current charge in working system (5), constant-voltage charge total time into 35min, others work from 26min System content is constant, repeats the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulates the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Circulation is filled Working system of discharging (7)：It is to make 1.0V into from 1.5V by the constant-current discharge blanking voltage in working system (6),；Others work System content is constant, repeats the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulates the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Circulation is filled Working system of discharging (8)：92.4mA constant-current charge is first carried out, to 2.65V, 2.65V constant-voltage charges is then carried out and adds up to total Charging interval is 9 hours 24min, then, with 152.8mA constant current discharge to 1.75V, then repeats the charging of the system Step, in this way, repeating the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulating the charge and discharge process for carrying out the working system；Cycle charge-discharge Working system (9)：92.4mA constant-current charge is first carried out, to 2.65V, then carries out 2.65V constant-voltage charges to total accumulative charging Time is 9 hours 24min, then, with 228mA constant current discharge to 1.75V, then repeats the charge step of the system, Other working system contents are constant, in this way, repeat the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, circulation carries out the filling of the working system, Discharge process.

The present embodiment improves or the specific operation process of the method for extension the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator service life is, such as Shown in Fig. 5, the interspersed phase of carry out one in the cycle charge-discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in good time is twice in succession Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in fig. 6, first make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator according to The cycle charge-discharge working system (1) of the present embodiment carries out circulation work, until after always adding up 195 circulation works, then make this Embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out circulation work according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (2) of the present embodiment, until total accumulative 199 After secondary circulation work, then make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is capable according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (3) of the present embodiment to follow Ring works, until after always adding up 266 circulation works, then make cycle charge discharge of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator according to the present embodiment Electric working system (4) carries out circulation work, until after always adding up 304 circulation works, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is started Carry out first phase positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charge and discharge is electrically operated：I.e. first with 1518mA electric current, with anti- The method of pole charging carries out the first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the phase operation to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator so that this reality The polarity for applying the tubular pole A of a battery is inverted to just from negative, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity is just inverted to from negative, so 24 points of (these of constant-current charge 1 hour are carried out to the present embodiment battery after the first time phase polarity inversion with 1518mA electric current afterwards During tubular pole A polarity be negative, the charging of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on tubular pole A Process, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are that just, on plate type electrode B1, B2 mainly happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode is anti- The charging process answered), then, then electric discharge 7s to 0V (this process is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 1518mA electric current The polarity of middle tubular type electrode A is negative, and the electric discharge of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on tubular pole A Journey, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are just, lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction mainly to be happens is that on plate type electrode B1, B2 Discharge process)；Then the method to be charged with 300mA constant currents, antipole carries out the phase to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator for the second time Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion so that the tubular pole A of the present embodiment battery polarity from it is negative be inverted to just, plate type electrode B1, B2 Polarity it is negative from being just inverted to, then, continue to make the present embodiment lead acid battery charge to 1.75V with 300mA electric current, so Again then 605.5mA it is permanent to be repeated with 1518mA constant-current discharges to 1.75V again with 605.5mA constant-current charges 26min to 2.43V afterwards Current charge 26min, 1518mA electric discharge are secondary, then, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is filled again according to the circulation of the present embodiment Electric discharge work electricity system (4) be operated, until always add up 411 circulation works after, then make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator by Circulation work is carried out according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (5) of the present embodiment, until after always adding up 440 circulation works, then make The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out circulation work according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (6) of the present embodiment, until total accumulative After 475 circulation works, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is set to be carried out according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (7) of the present embodiment Circulation work, until after always adding up 652 circulation works, is proceeded by twice in succession the second phase to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated：First the present embodiment plumbic acid is stored with 1518mA electric current Battery carries out constant-current discharge to 0V, and the method then to be charged with 1518mA, antipole carries out polarity to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Reversion so that the tubular pole A of the present embodiment battery polarity from be just reversed to bear, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity is from negative It is reversed to just, this is phase positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge electrically operated first time Polarity inversion, the battery after first time polarity inversion is then operated to the phase with 1518mA electric current and carries out constant-current charge 2 hours 45 points (tubular pole A polarity is negative during this, mainly happens is that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode is anti-on tubular pole A The charging process answered, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are just, lead-acid accumulator mainly to be happens is that just on plate type electrode B1, B2 The charging process of pole electrode reaction), then, then with 1518mA electric current the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is carried out being discharged to 0V (tubular pole A polarity is negative during this, and acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on tubular pole A Discharge process, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are that just, on plate type electrode B1, B2 mainly happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electricity The discharge process of pole reaction)；Then the method to be charged with 300mA, antipole carries out the phase second to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion so that the tubular pole A of the present embodiment battery polarity from it is negative be inverted to just, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity is negative from being just inverted to, then 300mA constant-current charges to 1.75V, then again with 1518mA discharge 5 seconds kinds, then Again with 905mA constant-current charge 2min, then again with 1518mA constant-current discharges 29 seconds, 35min 1518mA again are filled in then 905mA constant currents Constant-current discharge is repeated a 905mA constant current and fills 35min, 1518mA constant-current discharge to 1.0V, then, filled with 905mA to 1.0V 2 hours 45min of electricity, then 1518mA is discharged to 1.0V again, then, makes the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator following according to the present embodiment Ring charge/discharge operation system (7) carries out circulation work, until after the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator always adds up 714 circulation works, The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is set to carry out circulation work according to the cycle charge-discharge working system (8) of the present embodiment again, until total After adding up 732 circulation works, then make cycle charge-discharge working system (9) of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator according to the present embodiment Carry out circulation work, until after always adding up 751 circulation works, carry out third phase positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e., when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in the charged state of the 752nd circulation work When, stop the charging, then to the present embodiment battery with 456mA electric current, with antipole charging method to the present embodiment plumbic acid Battery carries out polarity inversion so that the tubular pole A of the present embodiment battery polarity from be just reversed to bear, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are reversed to just from negative, and this is the first time polarity inversion of phase operation, then with 456mA electric current to this The present embodiment battery after the polarity inversion of first time phase carries out 15 points of constant-current charge 4 hour (tubular pole A polarity during this It is negative, the charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on tubular pole A, plate type electrode B1, B2's Polarity is just, the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction mainly to be happens is that on plate type electrode B1, B2), then, then With 456mA electric current, with antipole charge method make the present embodiment battery occur the phase operation second of positive and negative electrode polarity it is anti- Turn, i.e., by tubular pole A polarity from it is negative be inverted to just, plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity is from being just inverted to negative, Ran Houji Continue with 456mA constant-current charges to 2.65V, then with 228mA constant-current discharges to 1.75V, (second in phase operation is positive and negative again In pole polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process, the electrode reaction that occurs on tubular pole A is from lead acid storage battery The discharge process of pond negative electrode reaction is inverted to the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, plate type electrode The discharge process of electrode reaction from the lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction of B1, B2 upper generation is inverted to lead-acid storage battery negative The charge and discharge process of pole electrode reaction), then, make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator according to the present embodiment cycle charge-discharge duty Spend (9) and carry out circulation work.

For the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in its On The Cycle Working Process, tubular pole A polarity is always just plate type electrode B1, B2 polarity are always negative, i.e., the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on tubular pole A, board-like The charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode B 1, B2.

As shown in fig. 6, the umpolung of positive and negative electrode twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge in each issue of the present embodiment of completion After electrically operated, the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is all significantly lifted or recovers that (on inspection, this is immediately Due to repairing, improve, eliminate or reversing the positive material(PAM) softening of lead-acid accumulator or/and coming off, electrode/fluid confluence/collection One kind in the problems such as flow-induced corrosion, passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact or It is a variety of).If the rated capacity defined under the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge working system (4) is 106.6mAh, And battery terminates when being continuously less than the 80% of the rated capacity three times, then, battery life is whole after the 278th circulation Only, or, if the rated capacity defined under the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge working system (7) is 288.8mAh, and continuous battery when being less than the 90% of the rated capacity three times terminates, then, and electricity after the 582nd circulation The pond life-span has terminated, or, if defining the rated capacity under the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge working system (9) For 562.2mAh, and continuous battery when being less than the 88% of the rated capacity three times terminates, then, after the 750th circulation Battery life has terminated, but as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, through the present embodiment respectively in this implementation lead-acid accumulator cycle charge-discharge Work carried out between the 304th, 305 time of total accumulated cycles, between the 652nd, 653 time, between the 751st, 752 time First, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge that two, three phases were carried out twice in succession Operation, the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator obtain obvious raising or extended, it may be speculated that rotten not by grid In the case of the problems such as erosion, deformation, battery lose liquid, short circuit, open circuit interference, using the method for the present embodiment, this implementation can be made The service life of example lead-acid accumulator obtains bigger raising or extension.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, pulse current, pulse voltage can be used to replace direct current, constant voltage Carry out this example polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or polarity inversion in discharge and recharge operating procedure and subsequent Charging or discharge and recharge step or process, so as to be advantageous to improve the polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and subsequent charging or The electrically operated timeliness of charge and discharge, efficiency.

Embodiment 10

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are a kind of surface plate grating lead-acid batteries, and the rated voltage of the battery pack is 4V, design rated capacity are 2.996Ah (C_3.5, 3.5h rates, 25 DEG C), negative electrode total capacity relative surplus is in positive electrode total capacity, this reality Apply a lead-acid batteries to be in series by two mutually the same single lattice lead-acid accumulators, each battery cell is by three negative poles Plate and two panels positive plate are formed, and accompany a piece of positive plate per between two panels negative plate, AGM dividing plates are separated between positive and negative pole plate, The outer rim size of positive and negative pole plate is identical, and high × a width of 38mm × 68mm, grid grid possessed by positive and negative pole plate is rectangle Grid is 11mm*5mm, and the thickness of positive plate is 2.1mm, and the thickness of negative plate is 1.3, and the lead plaster of positive plate is existing common business It is existing with anode diachylon (its formula includes ball milling lead powder, sulfuric acid, anode additive, but does not include barium sulfate), cathode lead plaster General commercial cathode lead plaster (its formula includes ball milling lead powder, sulfuric acid, cathode additive agent), the sulphur in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Acid solution density is 1.27g/cm³, and in following the present embodiment battery cyclic work and positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter Charging or discharge and recharge operating process in remain sufficient.During the present embodiment lead-acid batteries circulation work, positive plate is only Used as positive pole, negative plate only uses as negative pole, the narration operated for ease of follow-up polarity inversion, by the present embodiment plumbic acid Four positive plates are respectively designated as electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 possessed by batteries, by the present embodiment lead-acid batteries institute Six negative plates having are respectively designated as electrode B 1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6.By the present embodiment lead-acid batteries positive plate The battery pack output end connected is named as battery pack output end K, is connected the present embodiment lead-acid batteries negative plate Output end is named as battery pack output end L.The present embodiment, which is excluded or prevented, loses liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test event The interference of the factor to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation such as barrier.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid batteries service life is, when the present embodiment lead-acid batteries In the use or work of its cycle charge-discharge work (for example, having completed the cycle charge-discharge work of more than 1 time), due to this The cycle charge discharges of embodiment lead-acid batteries, overcharge, charge less electricity, high active substance utilization rate, grid corrosion and passivation etc. Reason, cause because positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, sulfation, passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material The one or more in reason such as shrink with collector loose contact, negative electrode active material specific surface area and cause the present embodiment lead The operating discharge capacity of acid accumulator group declines, as needed (such as under the present embodiment lead-acid batteries operating discharge capacity When dropping and being less than certain capacitance values or after, it is desirable to or need to improve battery pack operating discharge capacity or raising, extend battery pack and make With the life-span) or by defined cycle-index between certain twice circulation work, to the positive and negative electrodes of this example lead-acid batteries from It is dynamic or/and manually carry out phase positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, improve, Repair, eliminate, reversing, suppressing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, burn into electrode passivation, early stage The problems such as capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, complete the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Operating discharge capacity after the polarity inversion twice in succession of one phase and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated is restored or improved, After the completion of one phase positive and negative electrode polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, by the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator group is put into cycle charge-discharge work and uses or work again, until triggering or starting the another phase again to this reality The positive and negative electrode for applying a lead-acid batteries carries out polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.This reality Apply the polarity inversion twice in succession of example any one phase and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated including step：(1) this is stopped The work of embodiment lead-acid batteries, then the method by the way that the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are carried out with antipole charging, makes Obtain the original cathode output end (battery pack output end K) of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and original cathode output end (battery Group output end L) polarity occur reversion or exchange, i.e., the polarity of original cathode output end (battery pack output end K) is by just quilt Be inverted to bear, the polarity of original cathode output end (battery pack output end L) is inverted to just by negative, this be the phase twice in succession Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated in first time polarity inversion, then, to through first time polarity inversion Rear the present embodiment battery pack carries out constant current (such as 0.7C_3.5、1.5C_3.5) output end voltage that charges to battery pack is 3.5V (now battery pack output end L polarity be just, battery pack output end K polarity be negative, electrode B 1 during this, B2, B3, B4, The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on whole electrodes or partial electrode in B5, B6, electricity The charging of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on all or part of electrode in pole A1, A2, A3, A4 Journey) and after 3.5V is reached, continue charging certain time (such as 2 hours, 5 hours, battery pack output end L during this Polarity be just, battery pack output end K polarity be negative)；(2) on after the end of the step, to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with certain Electric current (such as 0.7C_3.5、1.5C_3.5、0.4C_3.5、0.1C_3.5), antipole charging method so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The polarity of the original cathode output end (battery pack output end K) of group and original cathode output end (battery pack output end L) is again Generation is inverted or exchanged, i.e., the polarity of original cathode output end (battery pack output end K) by it is negative be inverted to just, it is original negative The polarity of pole output end (battery pack output end L) is negative by being just inverted to, and this is phase polarity inversion twice in succession and thereafter Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated in second of polarity inversion, in second of the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter of phase operation Charging or discharge and recharge operating process in, the electrode reaction that occurs on electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 whole electrode or partial electrode from The discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is inverted to the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, electrode The electrode reaction occurred on B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 whole electrode or partial electrode is from lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction Discharge process is inverted to the charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, then with one or more curtages (such as direct current, constant pressure or pulse current, pulse voltage) is to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after second of the polarity inversion Group carries out charging to 5.4V, then carries out constant-voltage charge 4 hours again with 5.2V constant voltage, completes step (2), then, incite somebody to action this Embodiment battery pack is put into cycle charge-discharge work and goes to use or work again.

In addition, it is electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, also exist Delay or repaired the corrosion of electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 collector, fluid confluence to a certain extent.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, pulse current, pulse voltage can be used to replace direct current, constant voltage Carry out this example polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or polarity inversion in discharge and recharge operating procedure and subsequent Charging or discharge and recharge, so as to improve the polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated when Effect, efficiency.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the volume of the present embodiment valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator group (VRLAB) Determine voltage to lie prostrate for U, rated capacity C₂(2h rates, 25 DEG C), C₅(5h rates, 25 DEG C) or C₂₀(20h rates, 25 DEG C), wherein U=6, 12nd, 24,36,48,60 or 72, C₂=6.5Ah, 12Ah, 14Ah, 16Ah, 20Ah, 24Ah, 30Ah or 32Ah, or, C₅= 8.6Ah, 15.9Ah, 18.6Ah, 21.2Ah, 26.5Ah, 31.9Ah, 39.8Ah or 42.5Ah or, C₂₀=10.4Ah, 19.2Ah, 22.4Ah, 25.6Ah, 32Ah, 38.4Ah, 48Ah or 51.2Ah.The present embodiment lead-acid batteries it is just extremely electric Pole A1, A2 ..., An (n=positive integers), and be connected to the lead-out terminal A of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, the present embodiment lead The negative pole of acid accumulator group be electrode B 1, B2 ..., Bn (n=positive integers), and be connected to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Lead-out terminal B.Improve or the concrete operations of the method for the service life of extension the present embodiment lead-acid battery group are to work as the present embodiment After lead-acid batteries carried out the cycle charge-discharge work of more than 1 time, because the circulation of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is filled Put, overcharge, charge less electricity, the reason such as high active substance utilization rate, cause the operating discharge of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries to hold Amount is because of active material softening and shedding, sulfation, passivation, early stage capacitance loss, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole One or more in the reasons such as active material specific surface area contraction cause the operating discharge of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries to hold Amount declines, then whenever the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries drops to its rated capacity C₂、C₅Or C₂₀'s 60%th, 75%, 80%, 90% or 95% when, or charged in the cycle charge discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries When voltage increase rate accelerates 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% or 50%, or when circulation work reaches certain number, open Begin automatic to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries or/and manually carry out the polarity inversion and subsequent charging of a phase twice in succession Or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. operation (1) step：The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are carried out with a constant current source or/and voltage source Antipole charges, and the electric current of antipole charging is C₂、C₅、0.5C₂₀、0.3C₂、3C₂Or 5C₅In one or more or antipole charging Voltage is the one or more in 0.5U volts, U volts, 1.5U volts, 2U volts so that the electrode A 1 of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, A2 ..., An polarity by original positive polarity be inverted to negative polarity, electrode B 1, B2 ..., Bn polarity is by original negative Polarity is inverted to positive polarity (this is the first time polarity inversion of current period), then, operates (2) step：To the present embodiment plumbic acid Batteries continue discharge and recharge, and charge or discharge electric current is C₂、C₅、0.5C₂₀、0.3C₂、3C₂Or 5C₅In one kind or more One or more during kind or charge or discharge voltage are 0.5U volts, U is lied prostrate, 1.5U volts, 2U are lied prostrate so that the present embodiment lead acid storage battery The electrode A 1 of pond group, A2 ..., charging or/and exoelectrical reaction process, the electricity of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occur on An Pole B1, B2 ..., charging or/and the exoelectrical reaction process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occur on Bn, when to this implementation The electricity of example lead-acid batteries charge or discharge reaches 4C₂、3C₅、0.5C₂₀、0.3C₂、3C₂Or 5C₅When or voltage reach When 0.6U volts, U volts, 1.2U volts, 2.1U volts, (3) step is then operated：With 3C₂、2.5C₅、0.5C₂₀、0.8C₂、6C₂Or 2C₅Electricity It is one or more to the progress antipole charging of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries in stream so that the electricity of this implementation lead-acid batteries Pole A1, A2 ..., discharge process that the reaction of plumbic acid acid accumulator negative electrode occurs on An, electrode B 1, B2 ..., occur on Bn The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, until electrode A 1, A2 ... An polarity is inverted to just by negative polarity Polarity, electrode B 1, B2 ..., Bn polarity negative polarity (this is second of the polarity inversion of current period) is inverted to by positive polarity, Then (4) step is operated：The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are continued with charging or discharge and recharge, charge or discharge electric current are C₂、2C₅、0.5C₂₀、0.1C₂、3C₂Or 0.05C₅In one or more or charging voltage be 0.7U volt, 0.9U volt, 1.1U volt, One or more in 1.7U volts, discharge and recharge is direct current or pulse discharge and recharge so that the electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries A1, A2 ..., occur on An lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction charging or/and discharge process, electrode B 1, B2 ..., Bn The upper charging that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs or/discharge process, this process are filled to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries When charged or/and electric discharge the electricity that discharges reaches certain value, such as 6C₂、3C₅、2C₂₀、8C₂、3C₂、0.5C₂Or 2C₅, or electricity When pond group voltage reaches certain value, for example, 0.7U volts, 0.9U volts, 1.05U volts or 1.4U volts, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries work Make discharge capacity or ability to work is restored or improved, terminate current period positive and negative electrode sex reversal twice in succession and subsequent fill Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, then put into circulation work the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and go work or use.In this way, class As, according to the method for the raising or extension lead-acid batteries of the present embodiment, as needed or set, in good time, periodically or not Regularly (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries certain twice circulation work it Between, carry out the polarity inversion twice in succession of a phase or more phases and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, store the present embodiment plumbic acid Battery pack in the case where losing liquid, short circuit, open circuit, grid mechanical failure etc. in the absence of battery, effectively improve, repair, reversing, Eliminate, suppress, prevention positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, The problems such as active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area are shunk, so as to repeatedly, multiple make the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator group operating discharge capacity or ability to work are repaired, recovered or improved, so as to improve or extend the present embodiment lead The service life of acid accumulator group.

Embodiment 11

The present embodiment is related to the method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator service life, battery charging and discharging device, lead acid storage battery The charge and discharge electrical device of pond electrode current collecting body, lead plaster, lead-acid battery electrode and lead-acid accumulator, wherein the present embodiment has plumbic acid The positive and negative electrode of battery carries out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge and programmable perform function, this Embodiment battery charging and discharging device realizes its output end by the contact open and close state transformation of the relay circuit included by it The polarity inversion of positive and negative electrode, so as to work as the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device output end and the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode phase After connection, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device can by the charging after the polarity inversion and polarity inversion of its output end, charging or Charge and discharge is electrically operated and charging or discharge and recharge after positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, polarity inversion are carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Operation, all operations to battery progress of following the present embodiment are the present embodiment battery charge and discharge in addition to special instruction is manual Electrical equipment is realized by its function and work.The rated voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is 2V, and design rated capacity is 745mAh (2h rates, 25 DEG C), the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator include two panels surface plate grating electrode, and two plate electrode is positive and negative Pole current electrode (i.e. the general electrode of positive pole, negative pole), and two plate electrode is same both positive and negative polarity current electrode, i.e. do not examine Consider foozle caused by manufacture electrode, two panels the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is before by chemical conversion, each other in institute There are electrode composition, manufacture view (such as electrode structure, appearance, collector, lead paste formula and lead plaster quality, manufacture technology) complete Identical, after by chemical conversion, two plate electrode is then respectively formed positive pole and negative pole, and two plate electrode is respectively designated as into electrode A, electrode B, the active material quality being averaged on per plate electrode is 12.17g, is separated with AGM dividing plates between two plate electrode, the two panels Electrode be not when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator works it is fixed all the time be used as negative or positive electrode, when most starting, using electrode A as Positive pole, electrode B as negative pole (be designated as A+/B-, similarly using electrode A as negative pole, electrode B as being designated as A-/B+ during positive pole, with The chemical conversion and work of battery similarly hereinafter) are carried out, (lead content is the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode collector by pure lead It is 99.994%, as follows) material is made, as shown in fig. 7, be planar gate form collector, the width of the collector profile × a height of 40mm × 70mm, thickness × a width of 1.2mm × 1.5mm of its frame 2, the thickness of grid thin plate 3 of collector inframe are 0.1mm, grid Even equal the distance between the circular hole 4 for being provided with a diameter of 2.5mm, the edge of each two circular hole 4 is 2.5mm on lattice thin plate, this implementation Example lead paste formula includes lead oxide powder (100% oxidizability), BaSO₄(0.8%, mass percent, relative to lead oxide powder), Sulfuric acid, water, chopped fiber, the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, including the present embodiment collector and the present embodiment lead plaster, by this reality Apply a lead plaster and be spread evenly across the present embodiment collector, make the lead plaster plane on electrode plate surface parallel to the frame table of collector Face, be placed in drying in the air in room temperature (about 15 DEG C) air obtains the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode to slightly dry, and its appearance and size is wide × height × thickness is 40mm × 70mm × 1.2mm.Sulfuric acid solution density in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is 1.27g/cm³, this Embodiment exclude or prevent lose liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, the factor such as test failure to the present embodiment implementation process and The interference of result of implementation.

The present embodiment improves or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator service life is：First, the present embodiment battery is allowed to carry out Cycle charge-discharge works, and working system is：When state after battery is in charging, with 337mA constant current to the present embodiment electricity Pond is discharged, and as cell voltage≤1.75V, stops electric discharge, then battery is charged with 201mA constant current, and After measuring cell voltage and reaching 2.65V, it is converted into continuing to charge to battery with 2.65V constant pressures, (constant current, constant pressure) charges twice Total time is 7 hours 24 points (have specified otherwise except), then, then foregoing discharge process is repeated with 337mA constant current, So discharge, charge repeatedly, circulating battery is worked, cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator its continuous circulation work number in above-mentioned work reaches a certain numerical value set in advance or its operating discharge and held Amount due to positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, negative pole specific surface area shrink, collector or fluid confluence burn into passivation, early stage In capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact problem one or more and drop to a certain capability value When (for example, set in the present embodiment be respectively circulation work is continuous 15 times, circulation work is continuous 12 times, circulation work is continuous 13 times, 360mAh, 870mAh ..., it is as follows), stop the work of battery, start to battery carry out a single positive and negative electrode polarity Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, after the completion of the operation, battery is worked under original working system, simultaneously And the anode before polarity inversion is operated after polarity inversion as negative pole, the GND before polarity inversion is in pole It is operated after sex reversal as positive pole, until triggering or starting single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion next time and subsequent fill Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so repeatedly, intert ground in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator On The Cycle Working Process, to the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator carries out the polarity inversion of single positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, makes the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Electrode A sometimes as positive pole work, sometimes as negative pole work, corresponding electrode B sometimes as negative pole work, conduct sometimes Positive pole works, to improve, repair, eliminate, reverse, suppress or prevent the positive material(PAM) softening of this implementation battery or/and take off Fall, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, electrode/collector/fluid confluence burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active matter Matter and one or more in collector loose contact problem, make the operating discharge charging ability of the present embodiment battery in each behaviour Improved after work, recovered, improved or safeguarded, so as to realize the service life for improving or extending the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator. The On The Cycle Working Process of the present embodiment battery also implemented possessed by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device by charging, discharging function (all operations to battery and measurement are by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device in addition to special instruction is manually below Carry out program setting, perform realization).

By upper, initially set up by programming when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge number continuous integration is up to 15 times When, stop battery and work and start to carry out first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge to battery Operation.As shown in figure 8, in the 1-15 times circulation work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, now in electrode A Generation anode electrode reacts, and negative electrode reaction, in the 1-15 times circulation work, the present embodiment battery occur in electrode B Discharge capacity gradually reduces, on inspection, this be primarily due to positive active material occur softening, come off caused by (with lead plaster The BaSO of middle high content₄And high active substance utilization rate, electrode are relevant without standard cure technique, deep discharge etc., with lower class Together), after the 15th electric discharge, discharge capacity 638mAh.It is now automatic according to program setting, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device Stop the work of battery, and it is electrically operated to battery progress first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Preparation and formal operation, i.e. the 15th task electric discharge terminate after (now cell voltage be 1.75V), stop battery work, Then battery being continued with 337mA constant current discharges 1 hour, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.04V, then stops electric discharge, The polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery, i.e., (is filled by the polarity inversion of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device output end The polarity inversion of discharger output end is realized by the relay circuit contact open and close state transformation in charge and discharge electrical equipment), will The connection status of charge and discharge electrical equipment and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator connects from charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and lead-acid battery electrode A Connect, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, is changed into, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and plumbic acid store Battery electrode A connections, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end are connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, after the conversion of this connection status, are measured Cell voltage is negative value, and then, the present embodiment battery is charged with 169mA constant current, makes cell voltage from negative value Rise to 0V then rise to again 1.75V (during this occur the present embodiment battery first time polarity inversion, wherein cell voltage from Negative value is risen to during 0V, and the discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode A, lead occurs in electrode B During rising to 1.75V from 0V plumbic acid occurs in electrode A for the discharge process of acid accumulator negative electrode reaction, cell voltage The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in the charging process of battery terminal negative electrode reaction, electrode B) work as electricity After cell voltage reaches 1.75V, continue to charge to battery 2.65V with 269mA constant current, then again with 337mA constant currents pair Battery is discharged, and to 1.75V, then, then with 201mA constant current battery is charged, until cell voltage reaches 2.65V makes into carry out battery constant-voltage charge with 2.65V, and the total time of charging (constant current, constant pressure) twice finally is 7 hours 24 Point, so far, complete first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour to the present embodiment battery Make, now the electrode condition of battery is inverted to A-/B+ from A+/B-.Then, electrode A is made to be operated as negative pole, electrode B is operated as positive pole, the battery is reentered the 16th task of progress under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system Electric discharge and the afterwards circulation work of number.As a result show, through first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill After discharge operation, capacity is 938.2mAh during electric discharge of the battery under the 16th circulation work state, hence it is evident that more than the 15th time 's.Before being worked after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery during this section, the charging capacity to battery is 4477mAh.

Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, and after the 16th circulation work, by next time Start the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or the electrically operated trigger condition of charge and discharge is set as by programming change： When the operating discharge read-around ratio of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 12 times, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery Second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in figure 8, the present embodiment battery is at it In the 16-27 times circulation work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, and negative electrode is now happens is that in electrode A React, happens is that anode electrode reacts in electrode B, in the 16-27 times circulation work, discharge capacity is under 938.2mAh is gradual 849mAh is down to, at the end of the 27th primary cell discharges, according to program setting, now triggers and pole is carried out to battery positive and negative electrode Sex reversal and subsequent the electrically operated beginning condition of charging or charge and discharge, therefore, the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical equipment has automatically started pair Battery carries out second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. After the electric discharge of the 27th task terminates (now cell voltage is 1.75V), stop battery work, to battery with 337mA constant currents Continue electric discharge 1 hour, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.02V, then stops electric discharge, its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery Polarity inversion, i.e., by the polarity inversion of the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical output terminal, (polarity inversion of charge and discharge electrical output terminal is logical Overcharge what the relay circuit contact open and close state transformation in discharger was realized), by charge and discharge electrical equipment and the present embodiment lead acid storage battery The connection status in pond is connected from charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end with lead-acid battery electrode B, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and lead Acid battery electrodes A connections, are changed into, and charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charge and discharge electrical equipment negative pole Output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, and after the conversion of this connection status, the cell voltage measured is negative value, then, with 269mA constant current charges to the present embodiment battery, cell voltage is risen to 0V from negative value and then is risen to 2.65V again (the present embodiment second of polarity inversion of battery occurs during this, wherein cell voltage is during negative value rises to 0V, electrode The discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on A, putting for lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode B The charging of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode A during rising to 2.65V from 0V for electric process, cell voltage The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in process, electrode B), so far, complete the to the present embodiment battery The secondary polarity inversion of single positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and now the electrode condition of battery is from A-/B+ quilts It is inverted to A+/B-.Then, electrode A is operated as positive pole, electrode B is operated as negative pole, the battery is entered again Enter to carry out the electric discharge of the 28th task and the afterwards circulation work of number under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system.As a result table Bright, after second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the battery is in the 28th circulation industrial It is 680mAh to make capacity during the electric discharge under state, in addition the 30th circulation work discharge capacity 796mAh (this time polarity inversion and Thereafter the maximum discharge capacity after charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated), the operating discharge capacity of the 27th time is below, this should be with pole It is relevant to battery undercharge after sex reversal, to battery during this section before being worked after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery Total charging capacity is 724mAh.

Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, and after the 29th circulation work, by next time Start the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or the electrically operated trigger condition of charge and discharge is set as by programming change： When the operating discharge read-around ratio of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 13 times, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery Third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.Such as Fig. 8, in the 28-40 times circulation work In, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, and anode electrode reaction now occurs in electrode A, negative pole occurs in electrode B Electrode reaction, when circulating battery operating discharge is to the 40th time, discharge capacity is down to 611mAh, according to program setting, now triggers Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are carried out to battery positive and negative electrode, then, is stopped The only work of battery, the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical equipment start to battery carry out third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. (now cell voltage is after the electric discharge of the 40th task terminates 1.75V), stop battery work, electric discharge 1 hour is continued with 337mA constant currents to battery, this process makes cell voltage be down to ﹣ 0.05V, then stop electric discharge, the battery is carried out as the present embodiment is anti-to battery progress single positive and negative electrode polarity for the first time The identical operation turned, then, is charged with 200mA constant current to the present embodiment battery for having converted electrode connection status 45 minutes, then proceed to charge to battery 2.65V with 269mA constant current, then battery is carried out with 337mA constant currents again Electric discharge, to 1.75V, then, then with 201mA constant current battery is charged, until cell voltage reach 2.65V make into 2.65V carries out constant-voltage charge to battery, total time of charging (constant current, constant pressure) twice finally for 7 hours 24 points, it is so far, complete The third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of paired the present embodiment battery are electrically operated, now battery Electrode condition be inverted to A-/B+ from A+/B-.Then, electrode A is made to be operated as negative pole, electrode B is entered as positive pole Row work, make the battery reenter under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system carry out the 41st task electric discharge and afterwards The circulation work of number.As a result show, it is electrically operated through third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Afterwards, discharge capacity of the battery in the 41st circulation work is 533mAh, less than the discharge capacity in the 40th circulation work 611mAh, this is also relevant with the undercharge after this polarity inversion, this section before being worked after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery During be first time total charge volume only 412mAh after 925mAh, especially polarity inversion to total charging capacity of battery.

Next make the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and open next time after the 41st circulation work Beginning positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated trigger condition of charging or charge and discharge are set as by programming change：When this reality When applying the operating discharge capacity of a lead-acid accumulator and being less than 360mAh, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery the 4th list Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in figure 8, the present embodiment battery is at its 41-51 times In circulation work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, and negative electrode now occurs in electrode A reacts, in electrode B Generation anode electrode reacts, and when circulating battery works to the 51st time, its operating discharge capacity drops to 354mAh, is set according to program It is fixed, the beginning condition electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is now triggered, in It is that the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical equipment is automatically stopped the work of battery, starts to carry out battery the 4th single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion And subsequent charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. (the now battery electricity after the electric discharge of the 51st task terminates Press as 1.75V), stop battery work, electric discharge 1 hour then is continued with 337mA constant currents to battery, this process makes cell voltage 0.03V is down to, then stops electric discharge, the polarity inversion operation of its positive and negative electrode, operating method and process and this are carried out to the battery Embodiment carries out the identical of second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to battery, after the conversion of electrode connection status, with 169mA Constant current the present embodiment battery is carried out to charge to 1.75V, then proceed to 269mA constant current to battery charge 4 minutes, Then with 337mA constant currents battery is carried out charging to 2.65V again, charging 4 is then carried out to battery with 2.65V constant voltage again Hour, then battery is carried out with 337mAh constant current to be discharged to 1.75V, then, then with 201mA constant current battery entered Row charging, until cell voltage reaches 2.65V and makes into carry out constant-voltage charge to battery with 2.65V, charging twice finally is (permanent Stream, constant pressure) total time for 7 hours 24 points, so far, complete anti-to the 4th single positive and negative electrode polarity of the present embodiment battery Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, now the electrode condition of battery is inverted to A+/B- from A-/B+.Then, electricity is made Pole A is operated as positive pole, electrode B is operated as negative pole, the battery is reentered the same electric discharge-charging cycle The electric discharge of the 52nd task and the afterwards circulation work of number are carried out under working system.As a result show, through the 4th single positive and negative electrode After polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, discharge capacity of the battery under the 52nd circulation work state is gone up To 920mAh, this should be relative with the charging after polarity inversion sufficient relevant, before being worked after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery It is that first time total charge volume after 5164mAh, especially polarity inversion reaches to total charging capacity of battery during this section 3901mAh。

Next battery is made to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 8, the present embodiment battery is in 53- the 63rd time Electrode condition in charge and discharge circulation work is A+/B-, and discharge capacity drops to 860mAh from 1071mAh.When the present embodiment plumbic acid stores After battery is in completion the 63rd task charge and discharge circulation, now, the polarity of electrode A is just, the polarity of electrode B is negative, stops this The circulation work of embodiment lead-acid accumulator, it is small that electric discharge 1 is then carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 337mA electric current When so that its voltage is down to 0.05V from 1.75V, and then automatically, the positive output end of charge and discharge electrical equipment and the present embodiment plumbic acid are stored Battery electrode B connections, the negative output terminal of charge and discharge electrical equipment is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode A, after connection, discharge and recharge The voltage that device measures the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is -1.87V, then, to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 337mA electricity Stream carries out charging 42 minutes 14 hours in the state of the connection so that the voltage of the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, the present embodiment in as follows) rises to 0V from -1.87V and rises to 2.65V again, during this this There occurs the 5th single polarity inversion for embodiment lead-acid accumulator, i.e. during -1.87V rises to 0V, in electrode A Lead-acid storage battery negative is mainly happens is that on the main discharge process that happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, electrode B The discharge process of pole electrode reaction, and during 0V rises to 2.65V, lead-acid accumulator is mainly happens is that in electrode A The charging process of negative electrode reaction, the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in electrode B, In the case of keeping the connection status of charge and discharge electrical output terminal and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator output end constant, then with 2.65V Constant-voltage charge 5 hours is carried out, then again with 337mA constant-current discharges 21 minutes to 1.75V, then, then the perseverance electricity with 201mA Stream charges to battery, until cell voltage reaches 2.65V and makes into carry out constant-voltage charge to battery with 2.65V, twice finally Charging (constant current, constant pressure) total time for 9 hours 24 points so far, so far, complete the 5th single to the present embodiment battery Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and now the electrode condition of battery is inverted to from A+/B- A-/B+.Then, electrode A is operated as negative pole, electrode B is operated as positive pole, the battery is reentered ditto Electric discharge-charging cycle working system under carry out the electric discharge of the 64th task and the circulation work of number afterwards.As a result show, through After five single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery is in the 64th circulation industrial The discharge capacity of work is 914mAh, and the discharge capacity of the 65-75 times circulation work is all higher than 1000mAh, and this should be with this time Charge volume after polarity inversion is relatively sufficient relevant, to battery during this section before being worked after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery Total charging capacity 8159mAh, the especially total charge volume of the first time after polarity inversion reaches 6394mAh, and the present embodiment battery Perseverance in the 65-75 times circulation work is filled, is changed to 24 minutes 9 hours constant-voltage charge total time.

In the On The Cycle Working Process of the 64-75 times lead-acid accumulator occurs for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in electrode A The charge and discharge process of negative electrode reaction, the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, such as Fig. 8 occur in electrode B It is shown.

It can be seen from the experimental data in the present embodiment and industry prior art general knowledge, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator After each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge capacity It can continuously keep normal after each operating discharge capacity restoration of degree and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of recovery or higher put The charge and discharge circulation work of capacitance number (after i.e. each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated between this Embodiment lead-acid accumulator institute's normal work or the charge and discharge cycle-index compared with high discharge capacity) it is anti-with correspondingly each single polarity Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated employed in electric current, voltage, time, charge/discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, battery Internal resistance, density of electrolyte, the size of electrolyte degree of saturation, mode it is different and different.

As described above, on the one hand, first, the 4th and the 5th single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment and thereafter Discharge and recharge or charge and discharge it is electrically operated cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive material(PAM) softening, come off be enhanced, repair, Reverse, eliminate, suppress, prevent, so that the operating discharge capacity operation in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator circulation work Improved afterwards or recover that (it is because second, third polarity inversion that the discharge capacity of the 51st circulation work of 29- is low Afterwards to caused by the undercharge of battery), on the other hand, the present embodiment the 4th and the 5th single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, also make the operating discharge ability of the present embodiment battery from the 29-51 times circulation work, Recovered because in operating discharge ability decline situation caused by undercharge, this shows, the appropriate single of the present embodiment just, Negative polarity invert and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated to caused by trickle charge deficiency battery sulfation ask Topic has the function that to improve, repair, reverse, recover or prevent.In addition, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment and subsequent Discharge and recharge or charge and discharge are electrically operated, also necessarily to occurring in the present embodiment circulating battery course of work, slightly occurring or will occur Electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink the problem of Have the function that to improve, repair, reverse, restraining, eliminating, prevention.In the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator normal circulation course of work In, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) periodically or non-periodically, interspersed ground enter to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of row the present embodiment are electrically operated, it will effective to improve, repair, be inverse Turn, eliminate, suppressing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electrode passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, sulfate Change, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, are stored so as to improve or extend the present embodiment plumbic acid The service life of battery.

The specific volume of the power electric lead-acid accumulator of existing business application battery positive electrode active material under nominal operating conditions Measure as 55-61mAh/g (2h rates, 25 DEG C), the rated capacity that the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is calculated by 61mAh/g is 745mAh (according to active material quality on single electrode of foregoing the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator), if defining 100% electric discharge Continuous 3 times of discharge capacity is battery termination less than 745mAh during depth, then the operating discharge capacity number in Fig. 8 According to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge capacity >=745mAh before its first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion operation Electric discharge cumulative number be 11 times, i.e., its 14th task discharge at the end of battery terminated.But pass through this The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of embodiment or discharge and recharge operating method, battery charging and discharging device, lead-acid accumulator electricity Pole collector, lead-acid battery electrode, the present embodiment battery operating discharge capacity >=745mAh electric discharge cumulative number are increased To 52 times, i.e., service life cycle adds nearly 4 times, and it is believed that using suitable discharge and recharge system or mode to this reality Apply a positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the similar the present embodiment of lead-acid accumulator progress and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, can make The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator because active material softening, electrode specific surface area contraction, burn into electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, The problems such as sulfation, active material and collector loose contact it is therein it is one or more caused by lead-acid accumulator work Ability or operating discharge capacity decline and are improved, repaired, reversed, prevented, so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator makes Further, the significant raising or extension obtained with the life-span.

Active material utilization when the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode works as positive pole is apparently higher than existing commercialization The active material utilization of power electric lead-acid accumulator positive electrode, thickness mainly with the present embodiment electrode, the oxidation used Lead powder material and collector construction are relevant.

Two plate electrodes of the present embodiment lead acid storage battery are also both positive and negative polarity current electrode of equal value each other, because in electrode quilt After chemical conversion, both have identical function and a performance, but actually use, and polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated The change of the factors such as system, circulation work system and difference, can cause both difference occur in the performance of function and performance.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the percentage composition of barium sulfate in lead plaster is reduced, on increase fixed electrode The mechanical force of lead plaster, the additive that increase slows down active material softening, come off in lead plaster, other implementations or process are not Become, so that after each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the operating discharge capacity attenuation of battery Speed slows down.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, electrode current collecting body is also square hole type planar gate form collector, winding Formula grid collector, the board-like collector of flat solid, core column type collector, cystosepiment grating collector, lead cloth collector, phase It is square hole type grid plate electrode, Horizontal electrode, plate electrode or bipolar system battery electrode, tubular type or post to answer obtained electrode Formula electrode, foam electrode, lead cloth electrode.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, collector is compound material collector, the compound material afflux The core material of body is copper, surface layer material is that pure lead thickness is 50um；Another compound material collector in the present embodiment Core material be aluminium, buffer layer material Sn, surface layer material is the thick metals of 100um.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion operation of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device output end, The IGCT in control polarity reversion execution circuit is also managed by the control circuit of the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device circuit Polarity inversion of the switching state transformation to realize or by being made up of in management control execution circuit transistor, inductance, electric capacity The working condition of circuit, which becomes to bring, to be realized or by managing the forced electric discharge for controlling constant-current source or constant pressure source, forced charge action Change brings realization.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, all or part of of the present embodiment charge and discharge appliance circuit is whole with battery It is combined, on the whole as a product.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method is applied to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, and the rated voltages of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is 12V, rated capacity is 20Ah, in method implements operation, mainly make in the setting and execution to the numerical value of the voltage in operation, electric current, capacity etc. Corresponding change, e.g., after lead-acid batteries progress antipole charging and causing polarity inversion to occur, electricity is made to battery pack charging Pond group voltage stops charging after rising to 8V, 10.8V, 13.3V, 15.5V, and charging current is 0.3 multiplying power, 0.5 multiplying power, 1 Multiplying power, 2 multiplying powers.

Embodiment 12

The present embodiment battery charging and discharging device is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 11.

The rated voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is 2V, and design rated capacity is 821mAh (2h rates, 25 DEG C), this reality Applying a lead-acid accumulator includes two panels surface plate grating electrode, and two plate electrode is both positive and negative polarity current electrode (i.e. positive pole, negative pole General electrode), while be also same both positive and negative polarity current electrode, i.e. do not consider to manufacture foozle caused by electrode, should Two panels the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is before by chemical conversion, each other in all electrodes composition, manufacture view (such as electrode knot Structure, appearance, collector, lead paste formula and lead plaster quality, manufacture technology etc.) it is identical, after by chemical conversion, two plate electrode Then be respectively formed positive pole and negative pole, two plate electrode be respectively defined as electrode A, electrode B, when most starting, using electrode A as Positive pole, electrode B carry out the chemical conversion and work of battery as negative pole, and AGM dividing plates are separated between two plate electrode, and the present embodiment is somebody's turn to do The collector of two plate electrodes is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 11, and lead paste formula includes ball milling lead powder, BaSO₄(0.8%, Mass percent, relative to ball milling lead powder), sulfuric acid, water, chopped fiber, it is average per plate electrode on active material quality be 13.41g, the sulfuric acid solution density in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is 1.27g/cm³, the present embodiment excludes or prevents mistake Interference of the factors such as liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation.

The present embodiment improves or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator service life is：First, the present embodiment battery is allowed to carry out Cycle charge-discharge works, and working system is：When state after battery is in charging, battery is put with 371mA constant current Electricity, as cell voltage≤1.75V, stop electric discharge, then it is charged with 222mA constant current, and work as and measure battery After voltage reaches 2.65V, it is converted into continuing to charge to battery with 2.65V constant pressures, (constant current, constant pressure) charging total time is 7 twice Hours 24 points (have specified otherwise except), then, then repeat foregoing discharge process with 371mA constant current, so repeatedly Electric discharge, charging, make circulating battery work, and cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator (for example, what is set in the present embodiment is respectively when working cycles number reaches the numerical value of a certain setting in above-mentioned circulation work 15th time, the 31st time ...), stop the work of battery, start to carry out a single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter to battery Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, after the completion of the operation, battery is worked under original working system and make polarity anti- Anode before turning is operated after polarity inversion as negative pole, the GND before polarity inversion is made after polarity inversion It is operated for positive pole, the polarity inversion of single positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour until triggering or starting next time Make, so repeatedly, intert ground in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator On The Cycle Working Process, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is carried out The polarity inversion of single positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the electrode A of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is made sometimes For positive pole work, worked sometimes as negative pole, corresponding electrode B works as negative pole, worked sometimes as positive pole sometimes, to change Be apt to, repair, eliminate, reverse, suppress or prevent the positive material(PAM) softening of this implementation battery or/and come off, negative pole compares surface Product contraction, electrode/collector/fluid confluence burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material contact with collector It is one or more in bad problem, the operating discharge charging ability of the present embodiment battery is improved after each operation, Recover, improve or safeguard, so as to realize the service life for improving or extending the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator.The present embodiment battery On The Cycle Working Process also implemented (below to battery possessed by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device by charging, discharging function All operations and measurement are outer manually except special instruction, be by the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device progress program setting, Perform realization).

By upper, initially set up when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge number reaches and completes the 15th time, the 31st time When, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make.As shown in figure 9, in the 1-15 times circulation work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, is now sent out in electrode A Raw anode electrode reacts, and negative electrode reaction occurs in electrode B, in the 1-15 times circulation work, the present embodiment battery is put Capacitance totally tend to reduce, on inspection, this be primarily due to positive material(PAM) softening, come off effect caused by (with lead The BaSO of high content in cream₄, high active substance utilization rate, deep discharge it is relevant, it is similar below), after the 15th electric discharge, electric discharge Capacity is 942mAh.Now the work of battery is automatically stopped, battery is entered according to program setting, the present embodiment battery charging and discharging device Row first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. the 15th After task electric discharge terminates (now cell voltage is 1.75V), stop battery work, battery is continued to put with 371mA constant currents Electricity 1 hour, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.04V, then stops electric discharge, and the polarity that its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery is anti- Turn, i.e., by the polarity inversion of the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical output terminal, (polarity inversion of charge and discharge electrical output terminal is to pass through charge and discharge What the relay circuit contact open and close state transformation in electrical equipment was realized), by the connection status of charge and discharge electrical equipment and lead-acid accumulator from Charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and lead-acid battery electrode B connect Connect, change into, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and plumbic acid store Battery electrode B connections, after the conversion of this connection status, the cell voltage measured is negative value, then, with 186mA constant current to even Connect the present embodiment battery after state transformation to be charged, cell voltage is risen to 0V from negative value and then is risen to 1.75V again (the present embodiment battery first time polarity inversion occurs during this, wherein cell voltage is during negative value rises to 0V, electrode The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on A, putting for acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode B The charging of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode A during rising to 1.75V from 0V for electric process, cell voltage The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in process, electrode B), after cell voltage reaches 1.75V, continue 2.65V is charged to battery with 222mA constant current, charging 4 hours 16 is then carried out to battery with 2.65V constant voltage again Point, then battery is discharged with 371mA constant currents, to 1.75V, then, then with 222mA constant current battery filled Electricity, until cell voltage reaches 2.65V and makes into carry out constant-voltage charge 5 hours to battery with 2.65V, it is so far, complete after charging terminates The first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of paired the present embodiment battery are electrically operated, now battery Electrode condition changed into A-/B+ from A+/B-.Then, electrode A is made to be operated as negative pole, electrode B is entered as positive pole Row work, make the battery reenter under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system carry out the 16th task electric discharge and afterwards The circulation work of number.As a result show, it is electrically operated through first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Afterwards, discharge capacity of the present embodiment battery under the 16th circulation work state is 888.3mAh.This time after polarity inversion with electricity Pond is 7031mAh to the charging capacity of battery during this section before recovering circulation work.

Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 9, in the present embodiment battery the In 16-31 circulation work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, and negative electrode reaction now occurs in electrode A, Anode electrode reaction occurs in electrode B, in the 16-31 times circulation work of the present embodiment battery, discharge capacity is from 888.3mAh 905mAh is changed to, wherein, it is because leading to before this electric discharge that discharge capacity, which increases to 987.6mAh, in the circulation of the 27th task Manual intervention is crossed to have carried out battery overcharge (i.e. 2.65V constant voltage charging times than under moderate working system more 10 are small When), the working system of other cycle-indexes is constant.At the end of the 31st circulation work is discharged, according to program setting, now touch The beginning condition electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, therefore, the present embodiment are sent out Charge and discharge electrical equipment has automatically started to carry out battery second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour The preparation of work and formal operation, i.e. after the electric discharge of the 31st task terminates (now cell voltage is 1.75V), the present embodiment fills Discharger stops battery work, continues electric discharge 1 hour to battery with 371mA constant currents, this process is down to cell voltage 0.02V, then stop electric discharge, the polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery, i.e., exported by the present embodiment charge and discharge electrical equipment (polarity inversion of charge and discharge electrical output terminal is by the relay circuit contact open and close shape in charge and discharge electrical equipment for the polarity inversion at end State conversion is realized), by the connection status of charge and discharge electrical equipment and lead-acid accumulator from charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end and lead acid storage battery Pond electrode B connection, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end are connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, are changed into, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end It is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charge and discharge electrical equipment cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, the conversion of this connection status Afterwards, the cell voltage measured is negative value, and then, the present embodiment battery after being converted with 186mA constant current to connection status fills Electricity 15 minutes, then battery is charged with 371mA constant current, cell voltage is risen to 0V from negative value and then is risen to again (the present embodiment second of polarity inversion of battery occurs for 2.65V, wherein cell voltage rises to 0V processes from negative value during this In, the discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode A, lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs in electrode B The discharge process of reaction, it is anti-that during rising to 2.65V from 0V lead acid battery positive electrode electrode occurs for cell voltage in electrode A The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in the charging process answered, electrode B), then again with 2.65V constant voltages Battery is charged 4 hours, then with 371mA constant current battery is carried out being discharged to 1.75V again, then, then the perseverance with 222mA Current versus cell carry out charging 7 hours 25 points, then again with 2.65V constant voltages to battery charge 7 hours 25 points, so far, complete Second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge to the present embodiment battery is electrically operated, now battery Electrode condition is changed into A+/B- from A-/B+.Then, electrode A is made to be operated as positive pole, electrode B is carried out as negative pole Work, make the battery reenter under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system carry out the 32nd task electric discharge and it is secondary afterwards Several circulation works.As a result show, after second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, Capacity is 1189mAh during electric discharge of the battery under the 32nd circulation work state, this should with after polarity inversion to battery It is fully charged relevant, be to total charging capacity of battery between battery recovery circulation work after polarity inversion this time 6659mAh.Next battery is made to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 9, in the 32-45 times circulation work, this reality The electrode condition for applying a battery is A+/B-, now happens is that anode electrode reacts in electrode A, negative pole is happens is that in electrode B Electrode reaction, discharge capacity of the present embodiment battery in the 32-45 times circulation work drop to 787mAh from 1189mAh.

In the cycle charge discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, repeatedly, repeatedly, interspersedly carry out the present embodiment It is similar to first time or secondary single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging as described above or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e., The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is realized in its On The Cycle Working Process between the 45th, 46 time of working cycles number, the 55th, 56 Between secondary, between the 64th, 65 time, between the 73rd, 74 time, between the 82nd, 83 time, between the 94th, 95 time, the 104th, 105 take second place Between carry out or carried out third time, the 4th time ..., the polarity inversion of single positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging of the 9th time Or charge and discharge is electrically operated.Fig. 9 acceptances of the bid show that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is passing through each secondary single positive and negative electrode polarity of the present embodiment Before or after reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, in the cycle charge discharge course of work, electrode A, B polarization state Or polar orientation situation.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is at the 46th time and afterwards in the circulation work system of number, charging method It is altered to, after operating discharge terminates, then it is charged with 222mA constant current, and reaches when measuring cell voltage After 2.65V, be converted into 2.65V constant pressures continue to battery charge, twice (constant current, constant pressure) charging total time be 8 hours 24 points.

As shown in figure 9, the operating discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator all gets a promotion or recovered on year-on-year basis.One side Face is as described above, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of the present embodiment are electrically operated so that the present embodiment lead The positive material(PAM) softening of acid accumulator, coming off is enhanced, repairs, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, preventing, so that this implementation Improved or recovered after the operating discharge capacity operation in example lead-acid accumulator circulation work, another aspect, this implementation The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge of example are electrically operated, also necessarily worked to the present embodiment circulating battery Occur in journey, slight electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, the burn into active material that occurs or will occur contacts with collector The problem of bad, negative pole specific surface area is shunk, sulfation has the function that to improve, repairs, reverses, restraining, eliminating, prevention, For example, because electrode A, B alternately and repeatedly carry out charge and discharge circulation work as negative or positive electrode so that produced when being worked as positive pole Raw electrode corrosion problem is improved when electrode carries out charge and discharge circulation work as negative pole, repaired, reversed, so as to also cause Etching problem of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator during long-term use is delayed, is improved, is repaired, reversed, prevented, at this In the embodiment lead-acid accumulator normal circulation course of work, periodically or non-periodically (for example, to provide the side of circulation work number Formula), interspersed ground carries out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the present embodiment to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and subsequent discharge and recharge or fills Discharge operation, it will effective improvement, repair, reverse, eliminating, suppressing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, electricity Pole passivation, burn into early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area, which are shunk, asks Topic, so as to improve or extend the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator.

In the present embodiment, fast charging and discharging pulse current, pulse voltage can also be used to carry out the positive pole of this example, negative pole Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.

Some experimental datas in the present embodiment show, after each single polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and its The degree and the present embodiment of the operating discharge capacity restoration of the electrically operated rear the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of charging or charge and discharge afterwards Charge and discharge circulation work normal or compared with high discharge capacity can be continuously kept after each operating discharge capacity restoration of lead-acid accumulator Number (after i.e. each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated between the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator institute it is normal Or the charge and discharge cycle-index compared with high workload discharge capacity) and correspondingly each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Electric current, voltage, time, charge/discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, the internal resistance of battery, density of electrolyte, electrolysis employed in operation The size of liquid degree of saturation, mode it is different and different.

By the specific capacity of existing commercialization power electric lead-acid accumulator battery positive electrode active material under nominal operating conditions 61mAh/g (2h rates, 25 DEG C) is calculated, and the rated capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is 821mAh (according to foregoing reality Apply the active material mass average value of single electrode of a lead-acid accumulator), if discharge capacity when defining 100% depth of discharge Continuously three times less than 80% (657mAh) of rated capacity or rated capacity when the basis for estimation that is terminated as battery, Then as shown in figure 9, according to the discharge capacity attenuation trend line of the 1-15 times be believed that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator without When the polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or electrically operated charge and discharge, its service life is substantially by respectively 25 It is secondary and 36 times.But in fact, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present embodiment battery through the present embodiment After electrically operated, the operating discharge capacity of battery is remained on rated capacity after the 111st circulation work, and battery makes It is raised significantly or is extended with the life-span, and it could be speculated that is excluding to make the factors such as the short circuit of battery failure, open circuit, dehydration, pollution In the case of, the present embodiment improves or extended the method for lead-acid accumulator service life, will make the use of this example lead-acid accumulator Life-span obtains bigger raising or extension on the basis of 111 circulations.The present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is as positive pole work Active material utilization when making apparently higher than existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery positive electrode active material utilization, mainly It is relevant with the thickness of the present embodiment electrode, collector construction.

Embodiment 13

The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, rated voltage 2V, and rated capacity is 754mAh(C_2.5, 2.5h rates, 25 DEG C), including two panels both positive and negative polarity energization pole (i.e. the general electrode of positive pole, negative pole), two panels electricity The grid of the grid collector of pole is rectangle, and two plate electrode is also same both positive and negative polarity current electrode, i.e. does not consider to manufacture Foozle caused by electrode, two panels the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is before by chemical conversion, each other in all electrodes Composition, manufacture view (such as electrode structure, appearance, collector, lead paste formula and lead plaster quality, manufacture technology) are identical, After by chemical conversion, two plate electrode is then respectively formed positive pole and negative pole, and every the present embodiment surface plate grating both positive and negative polarity leads to It is 1.3mm with the thickness of electrode, the width and height of frame are 38mm and 68mm, will for the ease of the follow-up explanation of the present embodiment Two surface plate grating both positive and negative polarity current electrodes of the present embodiment lead accumulator are respectively designated as electrode A and electrode B, electrode A with The formula of the lead plaster of electrode B, quality all same, i.e. electrode A, B lead paste formula are by ball milling lead powder, barium sulfate (relative to ball Mill lead powder is 0.8wt%), other business commonly use cathode additive agent and form, dry lead plaster in electrode A, B (by smear, solidification, It is dried) quality is 10.8g, and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in the cycle charge-discharge course of work of its most initial, electricity Pole A carries out circulation work as positive pole and (happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode in electrode A in the cycle charge discharge course of work The charge and discharge process of reaction), electrode B as negative pole carry out cycle charge discharge work (sent out in the cycle charge discharge course of work in electrode B Raw is the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction), dividing plate, this reality are separated between positive and negative electrode or electrode A, B Apply a lead-acid accumulator its electrode A, B polarization state or polar orientation in the cycle charge discharge course of work and be represented by A+/B- Or A-/B+, wherein A+/B- represent the polarity of electrode A be just, the polarity of electrode B be negative, similarly, A-/B+ represents electrode A Polarity be bear, the polarity of electrode B is just.The density for the electrolyte sulfuric acid solution that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator uses is 1.27g/ cm³, the present embodiment, which is excluded or prevented, loses the factors such as liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation The interference of process and result of implementation.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is, whenever the present embodiment lead When certain certain number is arrived in the work of acid accumulator cycle charge discharge or operating discharge charging ability due to positive material(PAM) softening or/and Come off, negative pole specific surface area is shunk, collector or the passivation of fluid confluence burn into, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material With the one or more in the problems such as collector loose contact when declining to a certain extent, i.e., it is automatic or/and manually to Positive pole, the negative pole of embodiment lead-acid accumulator carry out a single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated or right The positive pole of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole carry out phase polarity inversion twice in succession and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, so as to improve, eliminate, suppress, repair, prevent or reverse foregoing one or more problems, make the present embodiment lead acid storage battery The operating discharge charging ability in pond is improved, recovered or improved, and then, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into again Go to carry out circulation work in cycle charge discharge work.A single is carried out for the positive pole to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, after this polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, make Obtain the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and circulation work, example are carried out with the polarization state of the electrode after this polarity inversion or polar orientation Such as, if the electrode A of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is to carry out circulation work as positive pole (circulating before this polarity inversion The charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in the charge and discharge course of work in electrode A), then in this polarity inversion Afterwards, electrode A is to carry out circulation work as negative pole (lead-acid storage battery negative to occur in electrode A in the cycle charge discharge course of work The charge and discharge process of pole electrode reaction), if corresponding electrode B is to carry out circulation work as negative pole before this polarity inversion (charge and discharge process that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs i.e. in the cycle charge discharge course of work in electrode B), then in this time It is to carry out circulation work as positive pole (lead-acid accumulator to occur just in electrode B i.e. in the cycle charge discharge course of work after polarity inversion The charge and discharge process of pole electrode reaction), similarly, if in the On The Cycle Working Process of electrode A or electrode B before this polarity inversion Polarization state or polar orientation are conversely, then, the polarity in the On The Cycle Working Process of electrode A or electrode B after this polarity inversion State or polar orientation are also on the contrary；The pole of a phase twice in succession is carried out for the positive pole to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and positive pole, negative polarity are anti-twice in succession in the phase for this implementation lead-acid accumulator Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after carry out circulation work when positive pole, negative polarity state or polar orientation and the phase It is identical when positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated advance row circulation work of charge and discharge twice in succession, for example, If the electrode A of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator before the phase twice in succession positive pole, negative polarity reversion is followed as positive pole Ring work (charge and discharge process that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode A i.e. in the cycle charge discharge course of work), Then after the phase twice in succession positive pole, negative polarity reversion, electrode A still carries out circulation work, corresponding electrode B as positive pole If it was to carry out circulation work (i.e. in the cycle charge discharge course of work in electrode B as negative pole before the phase twice in succession polarity inversion The charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs), then it is still as negative after the phase twice in succession polarity inversion Pole carries out circulation work.

The cycle charge-discharge working system that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator uses for：During operating discharge, with 300mA electric current Carry out being discharged to 1.75V, then, constant-current charge 4 hour is carried out 57 minutes with 140mA electric current, then again with 63mA electric current Constant-current charge 5 hour 44 minutes, then again with 17mA electric current constant-current charge 5 hours, the operating discharge before then repeating Process, so repeatedly, circulate, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator cycle charge discharge is worked.

The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator circulation work and the present embodiment improve or extended the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and use The result of implementation of life approach, as shown in Figure 10, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator follow in its On The Cycle Working Process in its work Carry out or carried out between the 14th, 15 time of ring number, between the 29th, 30 time, between the 45th, 46 time, between the 60th, 61 time Be followed successively by for the first time, second, third time, the single positive pole of the 4th time, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Operation, carry out or carried out between the 51st, 52 time in its working cycles number, between the 55th, 56 time, between the 57th, 58 time It is followed successively by the first phase, the second phase, the positive pole twice in succession of the third phase, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, the electrically operated specific method of positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent the charging or charge and discharge for carrying out or being carried out or process It is as follows：

It is electrically operated for the present embodiment first time single positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge：When this When embodiment lead-acid accumulator is under the charged state after completing the 14th circulation work, now, the polarity of electrode A for just, The polarity of electrode B is negative, stops the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, then with 300mA electric current to the present embodiment Lead-acid accumulator carries out electric discharge 10min so that its voltage is down to 0V from 1.75V, then by the positive and negative output end of charging/discharging apparatus The positive pole original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole carry out antipole and are connected, i.e. the positive output end of charging/discharging apparatus and this reality A lead-acid battery electrode B connection is applied, the negative output terminal of charging/discharging apparatus is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode A, After antipole connection, the voltage that charging/discharging apparatus measures the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is -2.07V, then, to the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator with 150mA electric current the antipole connection in the state of charged so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator just, The voltage (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, the present embodiment in as follows) of negative pole rises to 0V from -2.07V and rises to 1.76V again, There occurs first time polarity inversion for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator during this, i.e. during -2.07V rises to 0V, electricity The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on the A of pole, mainly happens is that lead acid storage battery in electrode B The discharge process of pond negative electrode reaction, and plumbic acid is mainly happens is that during 0V rises to 1.76V, in electrode A and is stored The charging process of GND electrode reaction, the charging of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in electrode B Journey, in the case where the connection status of holding charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator output end is constant, then Constant-current charge 3 hour is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA 36 minutes to 2.65V, then, carried out with 2.65V permanent Pressure charging 4 hours, then again with 300mA constant-current discharges 55 minutes to 1.75V, then once filled by circulation work system again Operation is put, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into again in the charging process of circulation work and goes to charge, is then carried out 15th time or even thereafter until the circulation work of the 29th time.Circulation work mistake of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator at the 15-29 times Cheng Zhong, the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode A, lead acid battery positive electrode occurs in electrode B The charge and discharge process of electrode reaction, as shown in Figure 10.

It is electrically operated for second of single positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge：When this After embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in the 29th circulation work of completion, now, the polarity of electrode A is negative, and the polarity of electrode B is Just, the cycle charge discharge work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is stopped, then with 300mA electric current to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Carry out electric discharge 33 minutes so that its voltage is down to 0V from 1.75V, then by the positive and negative output end of charging/discharging apparatus and this implementation Positive pole, negative pole of the example lead-acid accumulator in the 15-29 times cycle charge discharge works carry out antipole connection, i.e. charging/discharging apparatus Positive output end is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode A, negative output terminal and the present embodiment lead acid storage battery of charging/discharging apparatus Pond electrode B is connected, and after antipole connection, the voltage that charging/discharging apparatus measures the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is -2.14V, so Afterwards, charging 13 minutes 6 hours is carried out in the state of antipole connection with 150mA electric current to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, So that between the positive pole of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, negative pole voltage (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, it is following in the present embodiment 0V being risen to from -2.14V together) and rising to 1.76V again, there occurs second of polarity for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator during this Reversion, i.e. during -2.14V rises to 0V, acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in electrode A The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on discharge process, electrode B, and is risen in 0V During 1.76V, the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction mainly happens is that in electrode A, it is main in electrode B The charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is happens is that, is keeping charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment plumbic acid In the case that the connection status of accumulator output end is constant, then constant-current charge 5 carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA Hours 11 minutes to 2.65V, then, constant-voltage charge is carried out 4 hours with 2.65V, then again with 300mA constant-current discharges 49 minutes extremely 1.75V, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into the charging process of circulation work again, then, carry out the 30th It is secondary or even thereafter until the circulation work of the 45th time.On The Cycle Working Process of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator at the 30-45 times In, the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode A, acid accumulator negative pole lead electricity occurs in electrode B The charge and discharge process of pole reaction, as shown in Figure 10.

It is electrically operated with this reality for the present embodiment third time single positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Apply example first time single positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process is essentially identical, difference State-of-charge, the charging after polarity inversion or the discharge and recharge system being in when operation is started residing for battery are different, are specifically： When in the charged state that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in after completing the 45th circulation work, now, the polarity of electrode A is Just, the polarity of electrode B is negative to stop the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, then with 300mA electric current to this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator carries out the 2 hours 35min that discharge so that its voltage is down to 0V from 2.29V, then by the just defeated of charging/discharging apparatus Go out end to be connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode B, negative output terminal and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator electricity of charging/discharging apparatus Pole A is connected, and now, the voltage that charging/discharging apparatus measures the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is -2.04V, then, to this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator carries out charging 2 hours with 900mA electric current under the connection status so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Voltage (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, the present embodiment in as follows) between positive pole, negative pole rises to 0V from -2.04V and risen again To 2.52V, there occurs third time polarity inversion for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator during this, i.e. rises to 0V's from -2.04V During, it mainly happens is that the discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction in electrode A, mainly occur in electrode B It is the discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, and during 0V rises to 2.52V, mainly occur in electrode A Be acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction charging process, mainly happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode is anti-in electrode B The charging process answered, keeping, the connection status of charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator output end is constant In the case of, then constant-current charge 20 minutes carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 60mA, then, then with 674mA to this implementation Example lead-acid accumulator carries out constant-current charge 1 hour, then carries out constant-current charge 20 to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator again with 60mA Minute, then again with 505mA to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator constant-current charge 1 hour, then again with 60mA to the present embodiment lead Acid accumulator carries out constant-current charge 20 minutes, then again with 379mA to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator constant-current charge 1 hour, so Constant-current charge is carried out 20 minutes to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 60mA again afterwards, then again with 284mA to the present embodiment plumbic acid Battery constant-current charge 1 hour, constant-current charge is then carried out 20 minutes to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 60mA again, Ran Houzai With 213mA to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator constant-current charge 1 hour, constant-voltage charge is then carried out 1 hour with 2.65V, Ran Houzai Constant-current charge 20 minutes is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 60mA, then again with 300mA constant-current discharges 45 minutes extremely 1.75V, it is then electrically operated by the charge and discharge of progress of circulation work system again, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into again Into the charging process of circulation work, then, carry out the 46th time or even thereafter until the circulation work of the 51st time.The present embodiment In the On The Cycle Working Process of the 46-51 times filling for acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs for lead-acid accumulator in electrode A Discharge process, the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode B, as shown in Figure 10.

For the present embodiment first phase, positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated twice in succession： When the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is under the charged state after completing the 51st circulation work, now, the polarity of electrode A is It is negative, the polarity of electrode B just, to stop the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, then with charging/discharging apparatus with 300mA and 900mA electric current carries out forced electric discharge 14 minutes and 20 minutes to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator so that the present embodiment plumbic acid stores Battery keep with the connection status of charging/discharging apparatus it is constant in the case of cell voltage be down to from 1.75V 0V and then be down to again- 1.75V (value that charging/discharging apparatus measures, the present embodiment are as follows), there occurs this for the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator during this First time polarity inversion during phase, positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge were electrically operated twice in succession, i.e. from- During 1.75V drops to 0V, discharge process, the electricity of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction are mainly happens is that in electrode A The discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on the B of pole, and drops to -1.75V process in 0V In, the charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in electrode A, lead is mainly happens is that in electrode B The charging process of acid accumulator negative electrode reaction, exported keeping charging/discharging apparatus output end with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator In the case that the connection status at end is constant, then forced electric discharge carried out 1 hour to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 900mA electric current Voltage to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is -2.53V, and then, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is entered with 900mA electric current Row forced charge 1 hour rises to 0V from -2.53V to cell voltage in 13 minutes and rises to 2.65V again, the present embodiment during this Lead-acid accumulator there occurs the current period twice in succession positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated in second Secondary polarity inversion, i.e. during -2.53V rises to 0V, lead acid battery positive electrode electrode is mainly happens is that in electrode A The discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on the discharge process of reaction, electrode B, and is risen in 0V During 2.65V, the charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in electrode A, is led in electrode B The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is happens is that, is keeping charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment lead In the case that the connection status of acid accumulator output end is constant, then again with 300mA constant-current discharges 1 hour 32 minutes to 1.75V, Then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is put into again in the charging process of circulation work and goes to charge, then carry out being for the 52nd time To thereafter until the circulation work of the 55th time.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in the On The Cycle Working Process of the 52-55 times, electricity The charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on the A of pole, lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode B Charge and discharge process, as shown in Figure 10.

For second and third phase of the present embodiment, positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge are grasped twice in succession Make with the present embodiment first phase twice in succession positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated essentially identical or Similar, institute's difference is, related electric current in operation, voltage, the discharge and recharge time, charge/discharge capacity, discharge and recharge frequency, secondary It is varied from number.For example, the present embodiment third phase positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge twice in succession Operate and be：The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator for being in charged state is directly switch to after the electric discharge of the 57th task will be completed Constant current forced electric discharge state, i.e., with 300mA electric current, through make within 22 minutes within 2 hours the voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from 2.60V drops to 0V, then continues to carry out forced electric discharge to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 898mA electric current so that this reality The voltage for applying a lead-acid accumulator drops to -2.58V through 15 minutes 1 hour, from 0V (this drops to 0V from 2.60V, then from 0V It is the 1st polarity inversion of current period to drop to -2.58V), then, then 898mA electric currents are carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Forced charge, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is set to rise to 0V from -2.58V through 18 minutes 1 hour, voltage and then and rise to 2.65V (this is the 2nd polarity inversion of current period), then, then to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA electric currents, through 1 hour 10 Minute is discharged to 1.85V, then, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is filled with 450mA electric current, through 08 minute 1 hour, constant current Electricity is to 2.65V, then to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA electric current, through 4s constant-current discharges to 2.0V, then, then it is right The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA electric current, through 28min constant-current charges to 2.65V, then the present embodiment plumbic acid is stored again Battery is using 2.65V constant-voltage charges 1 hour (charge volume is 223mAh), then, then to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with 300mA, Through 10 minutes 2 hours constant-current discharges to 1.75V, so far completing the present embodiment third phase, positive pole, negative pole pole polarity are anti-twice in succession Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated (whole process be 51 minutes 10 hours), then, by the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Put into the charging process in On The Cycle Working Process, then carry out the present embodiment the 58th cycle charge discharge electrician of lead-acid accumulator Make.

It is electrically operated with this reality for the 4th single positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Apply second of single positive pole of example, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated essentially identical or similar, institute is different Part is, related electric current in operation, voltage, the discharge and recharge time, charge/discharge capacity, discharge and recharge frequency, has become on number Change.

Electrode condition in its 56-76 times circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is as shown in Figure 10.

As shown in Figure 10, complete every time each issue of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, the present embodiment The operating discharge capacity of lead-acid accumulator is all lifted or recovered on year-on-year basis.The positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and Thereafter discharge and recharge or charge and discharge be electrically operated cause the positive material(PAM) softening of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, come off be enhanced, Repair, reverse, eliminate, suppress, prevent, so that the operating discharge capacity in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator circulation work should Is improved or recovered after operation, another aspect, the positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity are inverted and subsequent discharge and recharge or filled Discharge operation, also can be to generation, the slight electrode passivation that occurs or will occur, morning in the present embodiment circulating battery course of work The problem of phase capacitance loss, burn into active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area are shunk, sulfation has Improve, repair, reversing, restraining, eliminating, the effect of prevention, for example, because electrode A, B alternately and repeatedly are used as negative or positive electrode Carry out charge and discharge circulation work so that carry out charge and discharge as negative pole in electrode as electrode corrosion problem caused by positive pole work and follow Ring is improved, repaired, being reversed, being eliminated, being suppressed, being prevented when working, so as to also cause the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator long-term Etching problem during use is delayed, is improved, is repaired, is reversed, is eliminated, suppressed, prevented, in the present embodiment lead acid storage battery In the normal circulation course of work of pond, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number) periodically or non-periodically, interspersedly to this Embodiment lead-acid accumulator carries out the positive pole of the present embodiment, negative polarity reversion and subsequent discharge and recharge or charge and discharge is electrically operated, will It can effectively improve, repair, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, prevention or/and comes off, electrode passivation, burn at positive material(PAM) softening Early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to improve Or extend the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator.

If the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is defined in circulation work when its operating discharge capacity is rated capacity Less than 65% is non-productive work, then, the Efficient Cycle work times of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator as shown in Figure 10 are 75 It is secondary, if defining the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator in circulation work when less than 80% that its operating discharge capacity is rated capacity For non-productive work, then, the Efficient Cycle work times of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator as shown in Figure 10 are 70 times.It can push away Survey, in the case where excluding to make the short circuit of battery failure, open circuit, losing the factors such as liquid, pollution, mechanical failure, the present embodiment improves Or extend the method for lead-acid accumulator service life, the service life of this example lead-acid accumulator will be made in existing Efficient Cycle Bigger raising or extension are obtained on the basis of number.

Some experimental datas in the present embodiment show, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator every time or after each issue of polarity inversion and Thereafter the degree of the operating discharge capacity restoration of the electrically operated rear the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator of charging or charge and discharge and this implementation Charge and discharge circulation work normal or compared with high discharge capacity can be continuously kept after the example each operating discharge capacity restoration of lead-acid accumulator Number (i.e. every time or each issue of polarity inversion after and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated between the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator institute Normal work or the charge and discharge cycle-index compared with high discharge capacity) with correspondingly every time or each issue of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or Internal resistance, the electrolysis of electric current, voltage, time, charge/discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, battery employed in charge and discharge is electrically operated are liquid-tight Degree, the size of electrolyte degree of saturation, mode it is different and different.

The present embodiment is triggered and carries out the present embodiment lead acid battery positive electrode, the trigger condition parameters of negative polarity reversion are removed It is outside certain period, can also be cell voltage when period is multiplied by some value of charging total amount, charged the battery Rate value that the voltage in section rises etc..

Two plate electrodes of the present embodiment lead acid storage battery are also both positive and negative polarity current electrode of equal value each other, because in electrode quilt After chemical conversion, both have identical function and performance, but in actual use, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make change and the difference of the factors such as system, circulation work system, both can be caused difference occur in the performance of function and performance.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the density of electrolyte of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator can be 1.282g/cm³Or 1.30g/cm³。

Embodiment 14

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are full tube type lead-acid accumulator group, rated voltage 4V, and rated capacity is 539mAh(C_3.5, 3.5h rates, 25 DEG C) it is in series by two mutually the same full tube type lead-acid accumulators, every full tubular type All electrodes of lead-acid accumulator are tubular pole, and those tubular poles are both positive and negative polarity current electrode (i.e. positive pole, negative pole General electrode), and those pipe type positive/negative current electrodes are identical on electrode structure and active matter formula, each tubular type is just The sleeve pipe interior diameter of negative pole current electrode is 6.3mm, sleeve pipe is highly 75mm (including pipe close), and lead-Calcium alloy is conductive in sleeve pipe Bone core diameter is 2.5mm, and every full tube type lead-acid accumulator includes 3 pipe type positive/negative current electrodes, for the ease of this implementation Example follow-up explanation, by 6 pipe type positive/negative current electrodes of the present embodiment lead accumulator group be respectively designated as electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, arrangement mode in every full tube type lead-acid accumulator of this 6 electrodes in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries For：Electrode B 1 is clipped between electric A1, A2 or electrode B 2 is clipped between electrode A 3, A4, living in electrode A 1 or A2 or A3 or A4 sleeve pipes Property material quality to be 5.8g, the active material quality in electrode B 1 or B2 sleeve pipes is 5.5g, electrode A 1, A2, A3, Active material in A4, B1, B2 is formed by ball milling lead powder, barium sulfate (being 0.8wt% relative to ball milling lead powder), and this is implemented Two lead-out terminals of example lead-acid batteries are respectively designated as battery terminal A, B, and wherein battery terminal A is connected to electrode A1 or A2 or A3 or A4, battery terminal B are connected to electrode B 1 or B2, and the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are followed its most initial During ring charge/discharge operation, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 carry out circulation work (i.e. electrode in On The Cycle Working Process as positive pole The charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is happens is that on A1, A2, A3, A4), electrode B 1, B2 enter as negative pole Row circulation work (electrode B 1 i.e. in On The Cycle Working Process, the discharge and recharge that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is happens is that on B2 Process), i.e., now battery terminal A polarity be just, battery terminal B polarity be negative, be expressed as A+/B- (similarly, when Battery terminal A polarity be bear, battery terminal B polarity is timing, be expressed as A-/B+), between positive and negative tubular pole Dividing plate is separated with, the density for the electrolyte sulfuric acid solution that the present embodiment lead-acid batteries use is 1.27g/cm³, the present embodiment row Remove or prevent and lose the factors such as liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical failure, test failure to the present embodiment implementation process and result of implementation Interference.

Improve or the method for the service life of extension the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is, whenever the present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond group circulation work is to during certain certain number or operating discharge charging ability due to positive material(PAM) softening or/and comes off, born Ultimate ratio surface area shrinkage, collector or the passivation of fluid confluence burn into, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector In the problems such as loose contact one or more and decline to a certain extent when, i.e., automatically or/and manually to the present embodiment lead The positive and negative electrode of acid accumulator group carries out a single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, to improve, repair, Reverse, prevent, suppressing, eliminating because positive material(PAM) softening, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, electrode passivation, burn into early stage hold Loss, sulfation, active material and operating discharge caused by collector loose contact one or more reasons therein is measured to hold The problem of amount or ability to work decline, end of life, make the operating discharge capacity or work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Make ability to recover or improve, then after this polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, make the present embodiment plumbic acid Batteries are put into cycle charge-discharge work and go to carry out circulation work again with the polarity of electrode state after this polarity inversion, It is electrically operated until starting next positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.It is described in this polarity inversion and thereafter Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, make the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with the polarity of electrode state after this polarity inversion again Input cycle charge-discharge work in go carry out circulation work, if for example, the electrode A 1 of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, A2, A3, A4 be before this polarity inversion as positive pole carry out circulation work (i.e. in On The Cycle Working Process electrode A 1, on A2, A3, A4 The charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs), then after this polarity inversion, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 are As negative pole carry out charge and discharge circulation work (i.e. in On The Cycle Working Process electrode A 1, lead-acid storage battery negative occurs on A2, A3, A4 The charge and discharge process of pole electrode reaction), if corresponding electrode B 1, B2 are to carry out circulation industrial as negative pole before this polarity inversion Make (electrode B 1 i.e. in On The Cycle Working Process, on B2 generation acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction charge and discharge process), then at this It is to carry out circulation work as positive pole (lead-acid accumulator to occur in electrode B 1 i.e. in On The Cycle Working Process, B2 after secondary polarity inversion The charge and discharge process of anode electrode reaction), similarly, if electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 or electrode B 1, B2 are before this polarity inversion Polarization state or polar orientation in On The Cycle Working Process is conversely, then, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 or electrode B 1, B2 are this pole Polarization state in On The Cycle Working Process or polar orientation after sex reversal is also on the contrary.Trigger or start to store the present embodiment plumbic acid The positive and negative electrode of battery pack carries out the electrically operated triggering mode of any a polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, Ke Yishi Triggering or program trigger automatically according to the arrival situation of presetting trigger condition manually, and trigger condition can be certain follows In ring charge/discharge operation number or cumulative number, charge volume, discharge capacity, charge-discharge velocity, current change quantity, voltage variety etc. One or more or their calculated value.

The cycle charge-discharge working system that this implementation lead-acid batteries use for：During operating discharge, with 0.283C_3.5's Electric current carries out being discharged to 3.5V, then, with 0.338C_3.5Electric current carry out constant-current charge to 5.95V or the time be 9 hours 24 points, Then constant-voltage charge is carried out 3 hours with 5.3V voltage again, the operating discharge process before then repeating, so repeatedly, followed Ring, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries cycle charge discharge is set to work.

This implementation lead-acid batteries circulation work and the present embodiment, which improve or extended the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, to be made With the result of implementation of the method in life-span, as shown in figure 11, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are in On The Cycle Working Process, in its work Between making the 6th, 7 time of cycle-index, between the 17th, 18 time, between the 25th, 26 time, between the 33rd, 34 time, the 41st, 42 take second place Between, carry out between the 56th, 57 time or be followed successively by for the first time, second ... .., the single positive and negative electrode pole of the 6th time Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging that carry out or carried out or The electrically operated method of charge and discharge or process are as follows：

It is electrically operated for first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge：When the present embodiment plumbic acid When batteries are under the charged state after completing the 6th circulation work, now, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 polarity for just, Electrode B 1, B2 polarity are negative, stop the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, by the positive and negative defeated of charging/discharging apparatus Go out the positive and negative electrode lead-out terminal progress antipole of end with the present embodiment lead-acid batteries now to be connected, i.e. charging/discharging apparatus is just Output end is connected with the negative output terminals (battery terminal B) of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, charging/discharging apparatus it is negative defeated Go out end with the positive output terminals (battery terminal A) of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries to be connected, after antipole connection, discharge and recharge The voltage that equipment measures the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is -5.53V, then, to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with 458mA electric current is charged in the state of antipole connection so that the positive and negative electrode output of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries The voltage (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, the present embodiment in as follows) at end rises to 0V from -5.53V and rises to 5.8V again, this mistake There occurs first time polarity inversion for the present embodiment lead-acid batteries in journey, i.e. during -5.53V rises to 0V, electrode The upper main generation of discharge process, electrode B 1, B2 of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that on A1, A2, A3, A4 Be acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction discharge process, and during 0V rises to 5.8V, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 On mainly happens is that the charging process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, mainly happens is that plumbic acid stores in electrode B 1, B2 The charging process of anode electrode reaction, keeping charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment lead-acid batteries output end Son connection status it is constant in the case of, then with 152.7mA to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out electric discharge 14 minutes extremely 3.5V, then again with 229mA electric current constant-current charge 8 hours to 5.72V, then, then with 152.7mA 2 minutes is discharged to 4.5V, Then, then with 114mA constant-current charges 3 hours to 5.5V, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are then put into circulation work In 7th task discharge process, carry out the 7th time or even thereafter until the circulation work of the 17th time.The present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond group in the circulation work of the 7-17 times, battery terminal A polarity be bear, electrode cell group terminal B polarity is just, such as Shown in Figure 11, i.e. during this, the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4, The charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs in electrode B 1, B2.

It is electrically operated for second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge：When the present embodiment plumbic acid When batteries are under the charged state after completing the 17th circulation work, now, electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 polarity are Negative, electrode B 1, B2 polarity are just to stop the circulation work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, by the positive and negative of charging/discharging apparatus Positive and negative electrode lead-out terminal of the output end with the present embodiment lead-acid batteries now carries out antipole and is connected, i.e. charging/discharging apparatus Negative output terminal (battery terminal A) of the positive output end with the present embodiment lead-acid batteries now is connected, charging/discharging apparatus Positive output terminal (battery terminal B) of the negative output terminal with the present embodiment lead-acid batteries now is connected, after antipole connection, The voltage that charging/discharging apparatus measures the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is -4.54V, then, to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Charged with 459mA electric current in the state of antipole connection so that the output voltage of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries (charging/discharging apparatus measured value, the present embodiment in as follows) rises to 0V from -4.54V and rises to 5.8V again, lasts 4 hours 30 Minute, there occurs second of polarity inversion for the present embodiment lead-acid batteries during this, i.e. 0V mistake is risen to from -4.54V Cheng Zhong, discharge process, electrode B 1, the B2 of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction are mainly happens is that in electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 On mainly happens is that the discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, and during 0V rises to 5.8V, electrode The charging process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, the upper main generation of electrode B 1, B2 are mainly happens is that on A1, A2, A3, A4 Be acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction charging process, keeping charging/discharging apparatus output end and the present embodiment lead acid storage battery In the case that the connection status of pond group lead-out terminal is constant, then with 152.7mA the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are discharged To 3.5V, then again with 229mA electric current constant-current charge 8 hours to 5.41V, then, then discharged 2 points with 152.7mA within 17 minutes Clock is to 4.23V, then, then with 114mA constant-current charges 3 hours is then put into the present embodiment lead-acid batteries to 5.26V In the 18th task discharge process in circulation work, carry out the 18th time and thereafter until the circulation work of the 25th time.This Embodiment lead-acid batteries in the circulation work of the 18-25 times, battery terminal A polarity for just, electrode cell group terminal B polarity be it is negative, as shown in figure 11, i.e. during this, in electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4 occur lead acid battery positive electrode electrode it is anti- The charge and discharge process answered, the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs in electrode B 1, B2, that is, battery pack Terminal A, B and electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2 polarization state or polar orientation have returned to the present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond group most initial carries out state during circulation work.

In the On The Cycle Working Process of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, repeatedly, repeatedly, interspersedly carry out class as described above Be similar to the present embodiment first time or secondary single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e., it is real Showed the present embodiment lead-acid batteries between the 25th, 26 time of its working cycles number, between the 33rd, 34 time, the 41st, 42 Between secondary, between the 56th, 57 time ..., X, the third time for carrying out or being carried out between X+1 times, the 4th time, the 5th time, 6th time ... .., the single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the Y times and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated (X, Y are positive integer). Figure 11 acceptances of the bid show the present embodiment lead-acid batteries by each secondary single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or Before or after charge and discharge is electrically operated, in On The Cycle Working Process, the polarization state or polar orientation situation of battery terminal A, B, Show in Figure 12 and intert during the 23-28 times cycle charge-discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and the process The third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of progress or the electric current in discharge and recharge operating process, voltage change Situation, third time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process and first time single positive and negative electrode Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating process are essentially identical, and institute's difference is, after the activation the phase " with 152.7mA discharge 2 minutes, again with 114mA constant-current charges 3 hours " the step of after the completion of, then the current discharge 2 hours with 153mA 58 minutes, then just the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are put into the 26th circulation work.

As shown in figure 11, after completing each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated use of charge and discharge, the present embodiment The operating discharge capacity of lead-acid batteries all gets a promotion or recovered on year-on-year basis, on inspection, this be due to the present embodiment just, Negative polarity inverts and subsequent discharge and recharge or the electrically operated positive active material for causing the present embodiment lead-acid batteries of charge and discharge Soften or/and come off, electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into active material and collector loose contact, negative pole compare surface One or more in the problem of product is shunk are improved, are repaired, are reversed, are restrained, eliminated, prevented, and are stored in the present embodiment plumbic acid In the battery pack normal circulation course of work, (for example, in a manner of providing circulation work number), interspersed ground periodically or non-periodically The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are carried out with positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the discharge and recharge or discharge and recharge behaviour of the present embodiment Make, it will effective improvement, repair, reverse, eliminating, suppressing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening or/and come off, be passivated, be rotten Erosion, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, negative pole specific surface area shrink problem, so as to carry Service life that is high or extending the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, for example, due to electrode A 1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2 alternately and repeatedly As negative or positive electrode carry out charge and discharge circulation work so that as positive pole work caused by electrode corrosion problem electrode make Improved when carrying out charge and discharge circulation work for negative pole, repaired, reversed, so as to also cause the present embodiment lead-acid batteries in length Etching problem during phase use is delayed, is improved, is repaired, reversed, prevented, so as to be also beneficial to greatly improve or extend The service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, it may be speculated that in the short circuit, open circuit, dehydration, the pollution that exclude to make battery failure In the case of factor, the present embodiment improves or extended the method for lead-acid batteries service life, will store this example plumbic acid The service life of battery pack obtains bigger raising or extension on the basis of existing significant cyclic number.

Some experimental datas in the present embodiment show, after each single polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries and Thereafter the degree and this reality of the operating discharge capacity restoration of the electrically operated rear the present embodiment lead-acid batteries of charging or charge and discharge Charge and discharge circulation normal or compared with high discharge capacity can be continuously kept after applying each operating discharge capacity restoration of a lead-acid batteries Work number (after i.e. each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated between the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Group institute's normal work or the charge and discharge cycle-index compared with high discharge capacity) and correspondingly each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge it is electrically operated employed in electric current, voltage, time, charge/discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, battery or battery pack it is interior Resistance, density of electrolyte, the size of electrolyte degree of saturation, mode it is different and different.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the positive and negative electrode of the full tube type lead-acid accumulator group of the present embodiment or institute is said It is same pipe type positive/negative current electrode to have electrode, i.e. does not consider to manufacture foozle caused by electrode, the present embodiment All electrodes of full tube type lead-acid accumulator group say all tubular poles before by chemical conversion, form each other in all electrodes, Manufacture view (such as electrode structure, appearance, conductive bone core, sleeve pipe, fluid confluence, active matter formula and quality, manufacture technology) Identical, after by chemical conversion, each tubular pole of the full tube type lead-acid accumulator group of the present embodiment is then respectively formed positive pole Or negative pole.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the positive and negative electrode of the full tube type lead-acid accumulator group of the present embodiment or institute is said It is pipe type positive/negative current electrode of equal value each other to have electrode, i.e. after electrode is by chemical conversion or discharge and recharge, in lead acid storage battery During the work or use of pond group, in the case of not considering error component, each tubular pole of the present embodiment has or showed Go out identical function and performance.

Embodiment 15

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries, the lead-acid accumulator included by it is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, tubular type Lead-acid accumulator, spirally wound lead acid battery, bipolar lead acid battery, horizontal lead cloth lead-acid accumulator, cystosepiment grating Lead-acid accumulator, valve controlled sealed lead-acid accumulator, gelled lead acid battery, lead carbon battery, ultracapacitor-lead acid storage battery Pond, one or more therein, the rated voltage U of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries for 6V, 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V or 72V, the rated capacity (C of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries₂, 2 hour rates, 25 DEG C) for 12Ah, 14Ah, 16Ah, 18Ah, 20Ah, 24Ah, 30Ah, 60Ah, 100Ah, 200Ah or 1000Ah, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries have battery pack output end Sub- A, B, electrode A 1, A2 in battery pack lead-out terminal A and the present embodiment lead-acid batteries ..., An (n=positive integers) Mutually be conductively connected, electrode B 1, B2 in battery pack lead-out terminal B and the present embodiment lead-acid batteries ..., (n=is just by Bn Integer) mutually it is conductively connected.Electrode A 1, A2 in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries ..., An, B1, B2 ..., Bn it is equal For both positive and negative polarity current electrode (i.e. the general electrode of positive pole, negative pole), the positive pole that can not only be used for lead-acid accumulator uses or worked, It can use or work as the negative pole of lead-acid accumulator.The present embodiment lead-acid batteries are worked in initial cycle charge-discharge Cheng Zhong, its battery pack lead-out terminal A polarity be just, battery pack lead-out terminal B polarity be negative, i.e. the present embodiment plumbic acid store Battery pack in initial On The Cycle Working Process, its electrode A 1, A2 ..., lead acid battery positive electrode electricity is happens is that on An The charge and discharge process of pole reaction, electrode B 1, B2 ..., the charge and discharge of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction is happens is that on Bn Electric process.Dividing plate is separated between positive and negative electrode.

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended the present embodiment lead-acid batteries service life is, when the present embodiment plumbic acid Batteries in the use or work of its circulation work, when working cycles reach certain number or as needed (for example, due to Positive material(PAM) softening, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, burn into electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active matter The reason such as matter and collector loose contact causes the present embodiment lead-acid batteries operating discharge capacity to decline and is less than certain capacity During numerical value or after, it is desirable to or when needing to improve battery pack operating discharge capacity or raising, extending battery pack service life) certain two Between task circulation, a single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion is carried out to this example lead-acid batteries automatically or/and manually And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, improve, eliminate, reversing, suppressing, preventing positive material(PAM) softening, negative pole from comparing surface The problems such as product contraction, burn into electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, sulfation, active material and collector loose contact, make The ability to work for obtaining the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is recovered or improved, and completes this positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent fills After electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, by the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with the polarization state after this polarity inversion, put into again Use or work in charge and discharge circulation work, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are carried out again until triggering or starting again Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so so that the circulation industrial of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Make to carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with the present embodiment or discharge and recharge is grasped Make interval each other, it is interspersed, alternate carry out or occur, so as to improve or extend the use of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Life-span.

First time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries It is electrically operated including step：When the present embodiment lead-acid batteries in the On The Cycle Working Process of most initial (the present embodiment during this Lead-acid batteries lead-out terminal A polarity be just, lead-out terminal B polarity be negative, i.e. electrode A 1, A2 ..., on An Occur the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, electrode B 1, B2 ..., lead-acid storage battery negative occurs on Bn The charge and discharge process of pole electrode reaction), when working cycles reach certain certain number, for example, 5 times, 9 times, 20 times or 60 times, to this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out antipole charging, and the mode of the antipole charging includes, single stage, multistage, constant current (example Such as 0.1C₂、0.5C₂、1.2C₂、6C₂), constant pressure (such as U, 1.3U, 2U, 5U), positive pulse, negative pulse one or more therein, And finally cause the present embodiment lead-acid batteries lead-out terminal A, B polarity, so as to electrode A 1, A2 ..., An, B1, B2 ... Bn polarity, invert, and, after this polarity inversion, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are charged or Discharge and recharge, charging or the mode of discharge and recharge include, single stage, multistage, constant current (such as 0.15C₂、0.4C₂、0.8C₂、 7C₂), constant pressure (such as 0.8U, 1.5U, 2U, 4U), positive pulse, negative pulse one or more therein, then, make the present embodiment Lead-acid batteries are put into circulation work with the polarization state after this polarity inversion and go to carry out circulation work, originally again Embodiment lead-acid batteries complete first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated rear institute of charge and discharge In the On The Cycle Working Process of progress, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries lead-out terminal A polarity is negative, lead-out terminal B polarity For just, i.e. electrode A 1, A2 ..., occur the charge and discharge process of acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on An, electrode B 1, B2 ..., the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on Bn.

Second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries It is electrically operated including step：When the present embodiment lead-acid batteries in above-mentioned first time single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent (the present embodiment lead-acid batteries lead-out terminal A polarity during this in On The Cycle Working Process after charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Be just for negative, lead-out terminal B polarity, i.e. electrode A 1, A2 ..., acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction occurs on An Charge and discharge process, electrode B 1, B2 ..., the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction occurs on Bn), work When certain certain number is completed in circulation, for example, 9 times, 13 times, 20 times or 40 times, second is carried out to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries The charging of secondary antipole, the mode of this antipole charging include, single stage, multistage, constant current (such as 0.2C₂、0.5C₂、 1.5C₂、3C₂), constant pressure (such as U, 1.1U, 2U, 4U), positive pulse, negative pulse one or more therein, and finally cause this reality Apply lead-out terminal A, B of a lead-acid batteries polarity, so as to electrode A 1, A2 ..., An, B1, B2 ... Bn's Polarity, invert, and, after this polarity inversion, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are charged or discharge and recharge, charging or The mode of discharge and recharge includes, single stage, multistage, constant current (such as 0.18C₂、0.7C₂、2C₂、5C₂), constant pressure (such as 0.6U, 1.3U, 2.2U, 3U), positive pulse, negative pulse one or more therein, then, make the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with this time Polarization state after polarity inversion, put into again in circulation work and go to carry out circulation work, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Complete second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated rear On The Cycle Working Process carried out of charge and discharge In, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries lead-out terminal A polarity be just, lead-out terminal B polarity be negative, i.e. electrode A 1, A2 ..., occur the charge and discharge process of lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on An, electrode B 1, B2 ..., send out on Bn The charge and discharge process of bullion lead acid accumulator negative electrode reaction.

In the cycle charge discharge course of work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, implement the single positive and negative electrode pole of other times Sex reversal and subsequent the electrically operated method of charging or charge and discharge are with implementing above-mentioned the present embodiment for the first time or second of single is positive and negative The method of pole polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge is mutually similar.In this way, in the circulation of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries The present embodiment positive and negative electrode polarity inversion as described above repeatedly, repeatedly, interspersedly is carried out in the charge and discharge course of work and subsequent is filled Electricity or charge and discharge it is electrically operated so that the positive material(PAM) softening of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries or/and come off, electrode passivation, In the problems such as early stage capacitance loss, burn into sulfation, the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, active material and collector loose contact One or more are improved, are repaired, are reversed, are eliminated, suppressed, prevented, so that the work of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Make discharge capacity, service life is improved or is extended.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the side of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries service life is improved or extended Method is, in the On The Cycle Working Process of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, in order to improve, repairing, reversing, solving, prevent because just Pole active material softens or/and come off, electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into sulfation, negative pole specific surface area are shunk, Active material declines with battery pack ability to work caused by one or more in the problems such as collector loose contact or uses the longevity Life terminates, and to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries more phases, interspersedly carries out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of odd number or even number And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, complete the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of each issue of odd number or even number Or after charge and discharge is electrically operated, by the present embodiment lead-acid batteries with the polarization state after the phase polarity inversion, put into and fill again Put and use or work in circulation work, the ability to work for obtaining the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is recovered or improved, until again Trigger or start the another phase the present embodiment lead-acid batteries are carried out odd number or even number positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards is electrically operated.The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge of each issue of odd number or even number Any secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge in operation it is electrically operated with the present embodiment foregoing first time or Second of single positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated similar same.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the positive poles of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, negative pole or all electricity are said Pole is same both positive and negative polarity current electrode, i.e. does not consider to manufacture foozle caused by electrode, the present embodiment lead acid storage battery All electrodes of pond group are before by chemical conversion, each other in all electrodes composition, manufacture view (such as electrode structure, appearance, afflux Body, fluid confluence, active matter formula and quality, other accessories, manufacture technology etc.) it is identical, after by chemical conversion, this implementation Each electrode of example lead-acid batteries is then respectively formed negative or positive electrode.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries or all electrodes are said Be both positive and negative polarity current electrode of equal value each other, i.e. after electrode is by chemical conversion or discharge and recharge, lead-acid batteries work or During use, in the case of not considering error component, each electrode of the present embodiment has or shown identical function and property Energy.

Embodiment 16

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries, raising or extend lead-acid batteries service life battery set charge/discharge device and Improve or extend the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated differentiation of charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries service life Operating method, wherein, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries include two lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B (equivalent cells of equal value Refer to, in addition to foozle, A, all parameters of B battery are identical, similar below), the rated voltage of the battery pack is 2V, volume Constant volume is equal to the rated capacity of monocell in lead-acid batteries, and every monocell in the present embodiment battery pack is respectively provided with respectively From independent positive and negative electrode circuit input, output end.

The present embodiment battery set charge/discharge utensil has to any one cell list in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Solely carry out its positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function.

The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge and discharge circulation work under rated voltage, work by the monocell in the present embodiment battery pack A undertakes, and monocell B is in acyclic working condition, when the present embodiment battery pack, namely performs the monocell A of task, its Discharge capacity decline (reason include positive material(PAM) softening, come off or negative terminal surface product shrink or sulfation, it is as follows) To battery pack rated capacity 90% when, pass through the triggering that has been set in the present embodiment battery set charge/discharge device and perform journey Sequence, monocell A is stopped, is transferred to acyclic working condition, and by the tool in acyclic working condition in battery pack The monocell B for having acceptable operation ability is switched to circulation work state, and battery pack is worked on based on monocell B, It is anti-that monocell A for being transferred to acyclic working condition by former circulation work state individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated so that monocell A ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, the operation is complete Cheng Hou, monocell A is set to be in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

After the present embodiment battery pack is based on monocell B work a period of times, when the present embodiment battery pack, namely work is performed The monocell B of task, when its discharge capacity is less than the 90% of the rated capacity of the present embodiment battery pack, pass through the present embodiment battery The triggering and configuration processor, the monocell B that this is in circulation work state set in group charge and discharge electrical equipment is stopped, and By in battery pack in acyclic working condition, through its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Circulation work state is switched to the monocell A of acceptable operation ability after operation, so that the present embodiment battery pack base again Work can be continued cycling through in monocell A, then, the monocell B to being transferred to acyclic working condition by former circulation work state Individually carry out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that monocell B work energy Power returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell B is in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

According to the method described above, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge alternately are carried out to monocell A, B Operation, makes the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries be significantly improved or extended, than common lead-acid batteries Service life is improved or extended up to more than 1 times.

Embodiment 17

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries, raising or the circuit and raising or the extension that extend lead-acid batteries service life The electrically operated differentiation operating method of the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries service life, Wherein, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries include 3 lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B, C of equal value, the specified electricity of the battery pack Press as 4V, rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of monocell in lead-acid batteries, and every cell in the battery pack is equal With each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.

The present embodiment circuit is positive and negative with its is individually carried out to any one monocell in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Pole polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function.

The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge and discharge circulation work under rated voltage, at monocell A, B during work in the battery pack In charge and discharge circulation work state, the charge and discharge circulation work task of battery pack, monocell C are in non-charge and discharge circulation work where undertaking State, battery pack are based on monocell A, B and carry out charge and discharge circulation work, when the circulation work discharge capacity of battery pack declines (reason Including positive material(PAM) softening, come off or negative terminal surface product is shunk or sulfation, as follows) to battery pack rated capacity When 80%, by the triggering set in the present embodiment circuit and configuration processor, voltage declines faster single during for work Battery B switches to acyclic working condition, and by original place in the list with acceptable operation ability of acyclic working condition Battery C is switched to circulation work state, so that battery pack is based on monocell A, C and can continue cycling through work, for being circulated by original The monocell B that working condition is transferred to acyclic working condition individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent filled Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so that monocell B ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, make single electricity Pond B is in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

When battery pack is operated based on monocell A, C, and its circulation work discharge capacity drops to the specified appearance of battery pack Amount 80% when, by the triggering set in the present embodiment circuit and configuration processor, voltage declines very fast during for work Monocell A it is switched to acyclic working condition by circulation work state, and by original place in acyclic working condition, warp The monocell B with acceptable operation ability is cut after its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Circulation work state is changed to, so that battery pack is based on monocell B, C and can continue cycling through work, for being transferred to by former working condition The monocell A of acyclic working condition individually carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, So that monocell A ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell A is set to be in acyclic work Make state, to be switched.

When battery pack is operated based on monocell B, C, and its circulation work discharge capacity drops to the specified appearance of battery pack Amount 80% when, voltage declines faster monocell C and single electricity in acyclic working condition during for being worked in battery pack Pond A carries out similar aforesaid operations so that battery pack is again based on monocell A, B and circulation work, and monocell C through battery just, After negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, recover acceptable operation ability, in acyclic working condition, treat Switching.

Each monocell cutting between circulation work state and acyclic working condition in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Changing can also be triggered by the circulation work number of regulation battery pack or monocell.

According to the method described above, alternately (not necessarily in order or average time) carries out positive and negative electrode pole to monocell A, B, C Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, make the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries significantly improved or Extend, the service life than common lead-acid batteries is improved or extended up to more than 1 times.

Embodiment 18

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries, raising or extend lead-acid batteries service life battery set charge/discharge device and Improve or extend the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated differentiation of charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries service life Operating method, wherein, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries include 7 lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, G of equal value, should The rated voltage of battery pack is 12V, and rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of monocell in lead-acid batteries, in the battery pack Every cell is respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.

The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge and discharge circulation work under rated voltage, monocell A, B, C during work in the battery pack, D, E, F are in circulation work state, undertake the task of battery pack, and monocell G is in acyclic working condition, battery pack base Circulation work is carried out in monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, when the operating discharge capacity of battery pack drops to battery pack rated capacity When 80%, by the triggering set in the present embodiment battery set charge/discharge device and configuration processor, in battery pack because just It is switched to by pole active material softening, the maximum monocell B of the caused capacity attenuation degree that comes off by circulation work state Acyclic working condition, and monocell G with acceptable operation ability of the original place in acyclic working condition is switched to circulation Working condition, so that battery pack is based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G and can continue cycling through work, for by former circulation work state The monocell B for being transferred to acyclic working condition individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge It is electrically operated, so that monocell B ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell B is in non- It is circulation work state, to be switched.

When battery pack is operated based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, and its operating discharge capacity drops to battery pack volume Constant volume 75% when, by the triggering set in the present embodiment battery set charge/discharge device and configuration processor, for battery In group because of positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by the maximum monocell E of capacity attenuation degree by it by working cycles shape State is switched to acyclic working condition, and monocell B with acceptable operation ability of the original place in acyclic working condition is cut Circulation work state is changed to, so that battery pack is based on monocell A, B, C, D, F, G and can continue cycling through work, for being circulated by original The monocell E that working condition is transferred to acyclic working condition individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent filled Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so that monocell E ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, battery pack can when the operation is carried out To work or be in other states in circulation work, after the completion of the operation, monocell E is set to be in acyclic work shape It is state, to be switched.

Circulation work is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, B, C, D, F, G, and its operating discharge capacity drops to battery Group rated capacity 65% when, in battery pack because of positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by capacity attenuation degree most Big monocell and the monocell in acyclic working condition carry out similar aforesaid operations so that battery pack is again based on six Monocell with acceptable operation ability and carry out charge and discharge circulation work, and make the maximum monocell of capacity attenuation degree then through electricity After pond positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, recover acceptable operation ability, in acyclic work shape It is state, to be switched.

According to the method described above, alternately, individually (not necessarily in order or average time) to monocell A, B, C, D, E, F Or G carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Significantly improved or extended, the service life than common lead-acid batteries is improved or extended up to more than 1 times.

Embodiment 19

The present embodiment lead-acid batteries, raising or the circuit and raising or the extension that extend lead-acid batteries service life The electrically operated differentiation operating method of the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries service life, Wherein, the present embodiment lead-acid batteries include 12 lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B of equal value, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, k, L, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of monocell in lead-acid batteries, 20Ah (2h Rate, 25 DEG C), every monocell in the battery pack is respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.

The present embodiment circuit have any one cell in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is individually carried out its just, Negative polarity inverts and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function.

The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated differentiation operation be：Make this implementation Example lead-acid batteries carry out charge and discharge circulation work under rated voltage, monocell A, B, C during circulation work in the battery pack, D, E, F are in circulation work state, and monocell G, H, I, J, k, L are in acyclic working condition, battery pack be based on monocell A, B, C, D, E, F carry out circulation work, when the operating discharge capacity of battery pack drops to the 80% of battery pack rated capacity, pass through The triggering set in the present embodiment circuit and configuration processor, in battery pack because positive material(PAM) softening, come off and The heavier monocell B of capacity attenuation is stopped and is switched to acyclic working condition by circulation work state, and by original The monocell G with acceptable operation ability in acyclic working condition is switched to circulation work state, so that battery pack base Work can be continued cycling through in monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, for being transferred to acyclic working condition by former circulation work state Monocell B individually carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that monocell B Ability to work returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell B is in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

Charge and discharge circulation work is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, and its discharge capacity drops to battery Group rated capacity 50% when, by the triggering set in the present embodiment circuit and configuration processor, for capacity attenuation compared with Big monocell C, D is stopped and is switched to acyclic working condition by circulation work state, and original place is followed in non- Monocell H, I with acceptable operation ability of ring working condition are switched to circulation work state, so that battery pack is based on single electricity Pond A, E, F, G, H, I can work on, then, to be transferred to by former circulation work state acyclic working condition monocell C, D individually carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that the monocell C, D work Ability returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell C, D is in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

Circulation work is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, E, F, G, H, I, and its discharge capacity drops to battery pack volume Constant volume 70% when, for capacity attenuation in battery pack larger monocell A, E, F, G and in acyclic working condition Monocell B, C, D, J carry out similar aforesaid operations so that battery pack is again based on six monocells with acceptable operation ability And can with circulation work, and the larger monocell of capacity attenuation then through the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or After charge and discharge is electrically operated, recover acceptable operation ability, in acyclic working condition, to be switched.

Each monocell is between circulation work state and acyclic working condition in the present embodiment progress lead-acid batteries Switching, can be by instantaneously switching realization.

According to the method described above, alternately to one or more of monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L simultaneously Ground (not necessarily in order or average time) carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, makes The service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is significantly improved or extended, than the service life of common lead-acid batteries Improve or extend up to more than 1 times.

Embodiment 20

The present embodiment improve or extend the battery set charge/discharge device of lead-acid batteries service life, lead-acid batteries and Improve or extend the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated differentiation of charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries service life Operating method, wherein, the present embodiment battery set charge/discharge device with it is similar in the embodiment of the present invention 16.The present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond group includes 6 lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B, C, D, E, F of equal value, and the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, rated capacity Equal to the rated capacity of monocell in lead-acid batteries, 12Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), every monocell in the battery pack has There is each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.

The differentiation electrically operated to battery pack progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, which operates, is：Make The present embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge and discharge circulation work under rated voltage, when the present embodiment battery power discharge capacity declines (reason include positive material(PAM) softening, come off or negative terminal surface product shrink or sulfation, it is as follows) it is specified to battery pack Capacity 75% when, by the triggering set in the present embodiment battery set charge/discharge device and configuration processor, battery pack is stopped Only work, the heavier one or more rows of decaying to discharge capacity in battery pack carry out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards is electrically operated, and operating method is analogous to the associative operation in other embodiments of the present invention, makes this or more The ability to work of individual monocell returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, battery pack is returned to working condition.Whenever When the discharge capacity of the present embodiment battery pack drops to the 75% of rated capacity, aforesaid operations are repeated, store the present embodiment plumbic acid The service life of battery pack is significantly improved or extended, and the service life than common lead-acid batteries is improved or extended Up to more than 1 times.

Embodiment 21

The method that the present embodiment improved or extended the service life of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, is included in lead-acid accumulator Or during the float duty of battery pack, it is 1 to intert ground to carry out total cumulative number to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery pack It is secondary or 1 time with Shangdi, identical or be analogous to described in all of above embodiment (i.e. 1-embodiment of embodiment 20) of the present invention Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, improving, repairing, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, prevent plumbic acid from storing The positive material(PAM) softening of battery or battery pack or/and come off, electrode passivation, early stage capacitance loss, burn into sulfation, It is one or more in the contraction of negative pole specific surface area, active material and collector loose contact etc., make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Or the ability to work of battery pack is restored or improved or prevents to decline, then again by the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or battery Group is put into float duty, until triggering or starting again again to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or lead acid storage battery group Carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.

Embodiment 22

The present embodiment is to lead-acid accumulator or the chemical synthesizing method of battery pack, including uses identical or be mutually analogous to of the invention real Polarity inversion described in a 1- embodiment 20 and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating method are applied to the present embodiment lead acid storage battery Pond or battery pack are melted into.The present embodiment to lead-acid accumulator or the chemical synthesizing method of battery pack, in addition to, to lead-acid accumulator Or battery pack carries out symmetrical polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or Battery pack is put into before cycle charge discharge work so that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator or all electrodes of battery pack (including most First positive pole, negative pole) at least live through the once chemical conversion and the once chemical conversion as negative pole as positive pole.The present embodiment is to lead The chemical synthesizing method of acid accumulator or battery pack so that the initial capacity of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack is improved, for chemical conversion Caused active material softening problem has some improvement, meanwhile, also ensure that it is with both positive and negative polarity current electrode, In the cycle charge discharge course of work repeatedly, interspersed carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated lead-acid accumulator of charge and discharge Or the cycle charge discharge service behaviour of battery pack is symmetrical before and after each secondary polarity inversion.

In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the chemical synthesizing method of the present embodiment is implemented on tube type lead-acid accumulator Chemical conversion, including, (just connecing under state to battery charging and discharging in normal chemical synthesis technology, just connecing state, i.e., charging/discharging apparatus is just defeated Go out end be connected with the positive pole i.e. tubular pole A of battery, the negative pole i.e. plate type electrode B phases of the negative output terminal of charging/discharging apparatus and battery Before even) carrying out, the charging of 1 antipole is first carried out to the present embodiment tube type lead-acid accumulator (to battery charging and discharging under reversal connection state, instead Connect state, i.e., the positive output end of charging/discharging apparatus and the negative pole of battery be plate type electrode B be connected, the negative output terminal of charging/discharging apparatus It is that tubular pole A is connected with the positive pole of battery) chemical conversion, it is normal chemical conversion technology into filling that antipole charging, which is melted into be filled with electricity, 5-the 10% of electricity, then, the present embodiment tube type lead-acid accumulator is transferred to normal chemical synthesis technology and is melted into.As a result, in electricity In terms of the initial capacity of pond, compared with the other tube type lead-acid accumulators of identical with only having carried out normal chemical synthesis technology, the present embodiment Antipole charging chemical conversion is carried out, the initial capacity of tube type lead-acid accumulator of normal chemical synthesis technology relative is higher by 10-20%.

Claims

A kind of 1. method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, it is characterised in that methods described includes By lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, Total cumulative number that the operation is carried out or carried out is >=2 times, described that positive pole, negative pole are carried out into polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated, i.e. carries out polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, will pass through the polarity inversion positive electrode, negative electrode Electrode charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated.
2. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that It is described that lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive and negative electrode of lead-acid batteries are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make, including lead-acid accumulator or/and the electrode of lead-acid batteries be subjected to polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, make through The electrode for crossing the polarity inversion carries out following electrochemical reaction：Make before the polarity inversion for positive pole electrode after the polarity inversion Carry out acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction, make lead oxides of the electrode contained by it before the polarity inversion for positive pole, alkali formula Lead sulfate, lead sulfate carry out electrochemical reducting reaction after the polarity inversion, make before the polarity inversion for negative pole electrode at this The laggard quadrat acid accumulator anode electrode reaction of polarity inversion, one or more therein.
3. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that It is described positive and negative electrode to be subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, including make the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and Thereafter the electrically operated work with the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack of charging or charge and discharge, interts, is alternately carried out, and make each other At work, the positive pole of its original, original negative pole are in following three kinds of electrodes work shape for the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack One kind in state：(1) original positive pole is operated as positive pole all the time, and negative pole originally is operated as negative pole all the time； (2) original positive pole is operated as negative pole all the time, and negative pole originally is operated as positive pole all the time；(3) originally just Pole is operated as positive pole, is operated sometimes as negative pole sometimes, and correspondingly, negative pole originally is carried out as negative pole sometimes Work, it is operated sometimes as positive pole；The positive pole of described its original, original negative pole are not carried out any institute When stating positive pole, negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or electrically operated charge and discharge, the positive pole of the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, bear Pole.
4. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that It is described by positive and negative electrode carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated including：Carry out twice in succession or continuous even number Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, carry out the positive and negative electrode polarity of single or continuum method time Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, one or more therein.
5. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that For lead-acid batteries, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated to be operated including distinguishing, i.e., only The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are individually carried out to some monocell in lead-acid batteries It is electrically operated, or only some monocells in lead-acid batteries are carried out with the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated.
6. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that It is described positive and negative electrode to be subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated includes progress pulse charge or/and electric discharge Operation.
7. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 6, it is characterised in that The pulse charge or/and electric discharge are included in positive pulse, negative pulse, the charging of positive negative pulse stuffing mixed pulses or/and discharge operation It is one or more.
8. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 1, it is characterised in that , can also be to lead-acid accumulator or electricity before the progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Pond group carries out electric discharge or/and charging operations before positive and negative electrode polarity inversion.
9. existed according to claim 1,8 raisings or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, its feature In, charging or charge and discharge after the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, polarity inversion be electrically operated or polarity inversion before electric discharge or/and fill It is electrically operated can be according to the one or more in certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and their changing value, calculated value Setting, measurement, signal acquisition, result of calculation and start or stop.
10. improving or extending the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life according to claim 9, its feature exists In described magnitude of physical quantity includes magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature One or more in angle value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values；Described quantitative value include accumulated number, Odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack charge and discharge cycle-index value in one or more；Described chemistry Value includes battery or/and the acidity value of battery pack.
11. improving or extending the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life according to claim 9, its feature exists In the one or more in described magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and their changing value, calculated value include electricity Pond or/and battery pack in charging process, in discharge process, in On The Cycle Working Process, during float duty, open circuit or stand Magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value or chemical magnitude in state.
12. improving or extending the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life according to claim 1, its feature exists In progress or the lead-acid accumulator or battery electrically operated by the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is carried out Its positive pole of group and negative pole are both positive and negative polarity current electrode, the both positive and negative polarity current electrode, in the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack In, it can not only be used for positive pole and use, can also be used as negative pole, or some conduct positive poles use, some conduct negative poles use, or Person is during the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack work or use, and some time uses as positive pole, some time makes as negative pole again With one or more therein；When composition lead-acid accumulator or the positive pole and negative pole of battery pack, the both positive and negative polarity current electrode bag Include but be not limited to, it is both positive and negative polarity current electrode each other with identical active material or identical active matter formula, of equal value each other Both positive and negative polarity current electrode, it is same both positive and negative polarity current electrode each other.
13. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack use the longevity according to any one of claim 1-8,10-12 The method of life, it is characterised in that described positive and negative electrode to be subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated passes through one kind Circuit realiration, the circuit has described carries out polarity inversion by lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole Or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge, the circuit or can actually be effected or carried out the function Total cumulative number be >=1 time.
14. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 13, its feature exists In, the circuit realiration or to implement the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge electrically operated Method includes：Antipole charging is carried out to the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack；Or characterized in that, the circuit stores plumbic acid Battery or/and the positive and negative electrode of lead-acid batteries carry out polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Including automatic or/and manual progress.
15. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack use according to any one of claim 1-8,10-12,14 The method in life-span, it is characterised in that be applied to the raising or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life Lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, the circuit or charging/discharging apparatus of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Chemical synthesis technology when repairing, regenerate or manufacturing.
A kind of 16. method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, it is characterised in that methods described application Chemical synthesis technology in lead-acid accumulator or battery pack manufacturing process, is further characterized in that, methods described is included lead acid storage battery The positive pole of pond or/and lead-acid batteries, negative pole carry out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and the operation is carried out It is described that positive pole, negative pole progress polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated or the number carried out is >=1 time, i.e. Positive electrode, negative electrode are subjected to polarity inversion, and after the polarity inversion, the electrode Jing Guo the polarity inversion is charged or Charge and discharge is electrically operated.
A kind of 17. method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life, it is characterised in that including making the lead Polarity inversion occurs for acid accumulator or/and the electrode of lead-acid batteries, and after the polarity inversion, makes by the polarity inversion Electrode carry out following electrochemical reaction：Make to carry out lead acid storage battery after the polarity inversion for the electrode of positive pole before the polarity inversion The reaction of pond negative electrode, make before the polarity inversion for lead oxides, basic lead sulphate, lead sulfate of the electrode contained by it of positive pole Electrochemical reducting reaction is carried out after the polarity inversion, makes to carry out after the polarity inversion for the electrode of negative pole before the polarity inversion Lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, one or more therein；It is further characterized in that, methods described is implemented on the plumbic acid and stored Battery or/and total cumulative number of lead-acid batteries are >=2 times.
18. the method for lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life is improved or extended according to claim 17, its feature exists In methods described includes lead-acid accumulator or/and the positive pole of lead-acid batteries, negative pole carrying out polarity inversion and subsequent filled Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and the operation includes the method or operation described in claim 1, described that positive pole, negative pole progress polarity is anti- Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, i.e. positive electrode, negative electrode are subjected to polarity inversion, will and after the polarity inversion Electrode by the polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated.
19. according to claim 1,16 or 17 it is described raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life method, its It is characterised by, the electrode by Jing Guo polarity inversion is charged or charge and discharge is electrically operated, electrochemical reaction, wherein, it is described to fill Electricity or discharge and recharge, more than 0.5 times that the electricity of electrochemical reaction is the electrode rated capacity.