CN114204145B - Charging method for battery internal formation for electric forklift - Google Patents
Charging method for battery internal formation for electric forklift Download PDFInfo
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- CN114204145B CN114204145B CN202111339621.9A CN202111339621A CN114204145B CN 114204145 B CN114204145 B CN 114204145B CN 202111339621 A CN202111339621 A CN 202111339621A CN 114204145 B CN114204145 B CN 114204145B
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead storage batteries, and particularly relates to a battery internal formation charging method for an electric forklift. Connecting the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine with the negative electrode of the battery, connecting the negative electrode with the positive electrode of the battery, charging and soaking the battery, starting the charging and discharging machine to charge the battery, and stopping charging after the charging time is up; and disassembling a power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging machine, connecting the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine with the positive electrode of the battery, connecting the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine with the negative electrode of the battery, starting the charging and discharging machine to charge, and completing the formation of the battery after the charging is finished by adopting multi-stage constant current charging. The invention solves the product quality problems of battery heating, short circuit, explosion, service life shortening and the like caused by micro-cracks of the battery cold joint part of the electric fork truck, and simultaneously greatly improves the charging efficiency and saves the charging electric quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead storage batteries, and particularly relates to a battery internal formation charging method for an electric forklift.
Background
At present, the charging method of battery internal formation for electric fork-lift truck mainly comprises constant fluidization formation and multistage fluidization formation, and the two types of formation are all produced by the following modes: and (3) acid filling is carried out on the battery assembled by the raw polar plate, the anode and the cathode of the battery are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the charging and discharging machine after acid filling, charging is started after the acid filling battery is soaked for a certain time, and battery internal formation is started.
At the beginning of the formation, due toThe corrosion layer of the grid surface consists of PbO and Pb (OH) without conductivity 2 The battery has large resistance, and needs to be charged by using small current in the first stage, wherein the current is generally 0.01 Ce-0.05 Ce A, and the charging time is about 1 h-2 h. After oxidation of the corrosion layer and the adjacent lead paste layer is completed, the cell voltage no longer rises, and after reaching a maximum value, it starts to decrease, while (PbO in the positive plate 2 +PbSO 4 ) Region and negative plate (Pb+PbSO) 4 ) The volume of the region increases, at which time the formation current begins to increase.
However, in the first stage of the formation system, if the plate lugs and the bus bars cannot be completely integrated, namely, are virtual, lead dioxide is generated on the cathode bus bars of the virtual welding, and in the use process of the battery, along with the interconversion process of the lead dioxide and the lead sulfate, gaps at the virtual welding parts are gradually increased until the bus bars are broken, so that the virtual welding is a major contraindication of battery manufacturers, and the virtual welding can cause the quality problems of products such as battery heating, short circuit, explosion, life shortening and the like. The positive plate of the electric forklift battery is mostly a tubular polar plate, the thickness of the lug is about 6.5 mm, and the lug and the busbar are easy to be subjected to cold joint during welding/cast joint of the polar group, so that the traditional charging process is adopted, and cracks at the cold joint position are accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: according to the defects in the prior art, the battery internal formation charging method for the electric forklift is provided, the problems of battery heating, short circuit, explosion, service life shortening and other product quality problems caused by micro-cracks of the cold joint part during welding/cast welding of the electric forklift battery due to thick lugs of positive plates are solved, meanwhile, the charging efficiency is greatly improved, and the charging electric quantity is saved.
The invention relates to a charging method for battery internal formation for an electric forklift, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When the battery is connected with the charging and discharging machine, connecting the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine with the negative electrode of the battery, connecting the negative electrode with the positive electrode of the battery, charging and soaking the battery, starting the charging and discharging machine to charge the battery, and stopping charging after the charging time is up;
(2) After stopping charging, the power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging machine is disassembled, the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, the charging machine is started to charge, the charging system adopts multistage constant current charging, and the battery is formed after the charging is finished.
In the step (1), the batteries to be subjected to battery internal formation are connected in series to form a circuit, the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the charging and discharging motor, the negative electrode of the last battery is connected with the positive electrode of the charging and discharging motor, and then the batteries are subjected to acid filling and soaking.
As a preferable scheme, in the step (1), when acid is filled, the batteries connected in series are placed on an acid circulation system, the acid circulation system is started, and the automatic injection density of the batteries is 1.050-1.090 g/m 3 The electrolyte is soaked for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at the temperature of (30 ℃) and then is started to charge by a charging and discharging machine.
In the step (1), after the battery is filled with acid and soaked, a charging and discharging machine is started to charge the battery, the charging current is 0.15 Ce-0.2 Ce ampere (Ce is the rated capacity of the battery), the time is 25-35 min, and the charging is stopped after the charging time is reached. In this stage, the micro-crack (cold joint) part at the joint of the positive plate lug and the busbar is filled with the generated small-particle lead, so as to play a role in connection.
In the step (2), after the battery stops charging, the power line connecting the charging and discharging machine and the battery is disassembled, and then the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit, and the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the negative electrode of the last battery in the circuit.
As a preferred scheme, in the step (2), the charging mechanism of the multi-stage constant current charging includes the following stages:
the first stage: charging the battery by adopting current of 0.1 Ce-0.2 Ce and charging time of 2-1.5 h;
and a second stage: charging the battery by adopting current of 0.3 Ce-0.4 Ce and charging time of 12-10 h;
and a third stage: charging the battery by adopting current of 0.2 Ce-0.3 Ce and charging time of 4-3 h;
fourth stage: standing for 0.4-0.5 h;
fifth stage: charging the battery by adopting current of 0.2-0.3 Ce and charging time of 2-1.5 h;
sixth stage: charging the battery by adopting current of 0.1 Ce-0.2 Ce and charging time of 4-2 h;
seventh stage: and charging the battery by adopting the current of 0.05 Ce-0.1 Ce ampere for 5-3 hours.
In a preferable mode, in the step (2), after the charging in the sixth stage is completed, the electrolyte of the acid circulation system is replaced with a solution having a density of 1.290 to 1.295g/m 3 The electrolyte was charged at (30 ℃) and then subjected to the seventh stage.
And finishing battery internal formation after the seventh stage of charging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the battery internal formation charging method for the electric forklift, on the premise of ensuring the product quality, the formation time is shortened from 36-48.5 hours to 22-30 hours, the charging efficiency is greatly improved, the charging electric quantity is shortened from 8.4 Ce-9.6 Ce to 5.6 Ce-6.27 Ce, and 32-34.7% of electric quantity is saved;
(2) In the first stage of charging, the invention generates small-particle lead at the part (the cold joint) of the plate lugs of the positive electrode group, which is poorly combined with the busbar, so that the cracks during cold joint are filled, the bonding strength of the plate lugs and the busbar is improved, and the probability of product quality problems such as heating, short circuit, explosion, short service life and the like caused by cold joint of the battery is reduced.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below.
Example 1
At 4PzS T480T 2 For example, the battery is formed by adopting the battery internal formation method, and the steps are as follows:
will be a group ofThe batteries which are connected in series are arranged on an acid circulation system, the anode of the first battery is connected with the cathode of the charging and discharging machine, the cathode of the last battery is connected with the anode of the charging and discharging machine, a battery connector is arranged after the connection, the acid circulation system is started, and the automatic injection density of the batteries is 1.050g/m 3 And (30 ℃) electrolyte, soaking for 1.5 hours, and then starting a charging and discharging machine to charge, wherein the charging current is 72A, and the charging time is 30 minutes. In this stage, the micro-crack (cold joint) part at the joint of the positive plate lug and the busbar is filled with the generated small-particle lead, so as to play a role in connection.
When the battery stops charging, the power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging motor is disassembled, then the positive electrode of the charging and discharging motor is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit, and the negative electrode of the charging and discharging motor is connected with the negative electrode of the last battery in the circuit.
And after the positive and negative electrodes are confirmed to be connected correctly, starting the charge-discharge machine to run the formation parameters in the table 1, and carrying out internal formation on the battery.
TABLE 1 4PzS480T 2 Battery internal formation parameter
After the formation is finished, the battery connector is taken down, a power line connected with the charging and discharging machine is folded down, the surface of the battery is cleaned, and the battery is packed and then is sent into a warehouse for shipment.
Comparative example 1
At 4PzS T480T 2 For example, the battery is formed by adopting a conventional battery internal formation method, and the steps are as follows:
placing a group of batteries which are connected in series on an acid circulation system, connecting the positive electrode of the first battery with the positive electrode of a charging and discharging machine, connecting the negative electrode of the last battery with the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine, installing a battery connector after connecting, starting the acid circulation system, and automatically injecting the batteries with the density of 1.050g/m 3 The electrolyte is soaked for 2 hours at the temperature of (30 ℃) and then is charged by starting a charging and discharging machine, and the formation parameters are shown in the table 2. The positive plate lugs are combined with the bus bars at the stageThe micro-crack (virtual welding) part is filled with the generated lead dioxide product, and the product gradually enlarges the particles along with the charge and discharge, so that the cracks gradually widen, the wider the cracks are, the lead dioxide particles gradually increase, and the cracks break over time.
TABLE 24 PzS480T 2 Conventional internal formation parameters of battery
After the formation is finished, the battery connector is taken down, a power line connected with the charging and discharging machine is folded down, the surface of the battery is cleaned, and the battery is packed and then is sent into a warehouse for shipment.
Example 2
Taking a 5DB500 battery as an example, the battery is formed by adopting the battery internal formation method, and the steps are as follows:
placing 24 series-connected 5DB500 batteries on an acid circulation system, connecting the anode of the first battery with the cathode of a charging and discharging machine, connecting the cathode of the last battery with the anode of the charging and discharging machine, installing a battery connector after connection, starting the acid circulation system, and automatically injecting the batteries with the density of 1.090g/m 3 And (30 ℃) electrolyte, soaking for 2.5 hours, and then starting a charging and discharging machine to charge, wherein the charging current is 100A, and the charging time is 25 minutes. In this stage, the micro-crack (cold joint) part at the joint of the positive plate lug and the busbar is filled with generated lead particles, so as to play a role in connection.
When the battery stops charging, the power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging motor is disassembled, then the positive electrode of the charging and discharging motor is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit, and the negative electrode of the charging and discharging motor is connected with the negative electrode of the last battery in the circuit.
After the connection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is confirmed, the formation parameters in the operation table 3 of the charging and discharging machine are started to form the battery.
TABLE 35 DB500 cell formation parameters
After the formation is finished, the battery connector is taken down, a power line connected with the charging and discharging machine is folded down, the surface of the battery is cleaned, and the battery is packed and then is sent into a warehouse for shipment.
Comparative example 2
Taking a 5DB500 battery as an example, a conventional battery internalization method is adopted to carry out battery formation, and the steps are as follows:
placing a group of batteries which are connected in series on an acid circulation system, connecting the positive electrode of the first battery with the positive electrode of a charging and discharging machine, connecting the negative electrode of the last battery with the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine, installing a battery connector after connecting, starting the acid circulation system, and automatically injecting the batteries with the density of 1.090g/m 3 The electrolyte is soaked for 2.5 hours at the temperature of (30 ℃) and then is started to charge by a charging and discharging machine, and the formation parameters are shown in the table 4. The micro-crack (virtual welding) part at the joint of the positive plate lug and the busbar is filled with the generated lead dioxide product, and the product gradually enlarges particles along with the charge and discharge, so that the cracks gradually widen, the wider the cracks are, the lead dioxide particles gradually increase, and the cracks fracture over time.
Table 4 5 conventional internalization parameters for db500 cells
After the formation is finished, the battery connector is taken down, a power line connected with the charging and discharging machine is folded down, the surface of the battery is cleaned, and the battery is packed and then is sent into a warehouse for shipment.
The cell internalization methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 were compared and the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 comparative results of the battery internalization process of the present invention and conventional battery internalization process
| Project | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 2 |
| Formation time, h | 29.5 | 36 | 27 | 48.5 |
| Charge into electric quantity, ce | 5.65 | 8.4 | 22 | 9.6 |
As can be seen from table 5, the battery internalization method of the present invention greatly improves the charging efficiency and simultaneously saves the charge amount as compared with the conventional method. In addition, in the charging process, lead is generated at the part (the cold joint) of the plate lugs of the positive electrode group, which is poorly combined with the busbar, so that cracks during cold joint are filled, the bonding strength of the plate lugs and the busbar is improved, and the probability of product quality problems such as heating, short circuit, explosion, short service life and the like of the battery caused by cold joint is reduced.
Claims (3)
1. A charging method for battery formation for an electric forklift is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the battery starts to be connected with the charging and discharging machine, the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, after the battery is subjected to acid filling and soaking, the charging and discharging machine is started to charge the battery, the charging current is 0.15 Ce-0.2 Ce A, the time is 25 min-35 min, and the charging is stopped after the charging time is reached, and Ce is the rated capacity of the battery;
(2) After stopping charging, the power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging machine is disassembled, the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the positive electrode of the battery, the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, the charging machine is started to charge, the charging system adopts multistage constant current charging, and the battery is formed after the charging is finished;
the charging mechanism of the multi-stage constant current charging comprises the following stages that Ce is the rated capacity of the battery:
the first stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.1-0.2 Ce and a charging time of 2-1.5 h;
and a second stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.3-0.4 Ce and a charging time of 12-10 h;
and a third stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.2 Ce-0.3 Ce and the charging time is 4-3 hours;
fourth stage: standing for 0.4-0.5 h;
fifth stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.2-0.3 Ce and a charging time of 2-1.5 h;
sixth stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.1 Ce-0.2 Ce and a charging time of 4-2 hours;
seventh stage: charging the battery by adopting a current of 0.05 Ce-0.1 Ce and a charging time of 5-3 hours;
when acid is filled, the batteries which are connected in series are placed on an acid circulation system, the acid circulation system is started, and the batteries are automatically injected into the container at 30 ℃ and have the density of 1.050-1.090 g/m 3 After soaking for 1.5-2.5 h, starting a charging and discharging machine to charge;
after the sixth stage of charging is finished, the electrolyte of the acid circulation system is replaced by the electrolyte with the density of 1.290-1.295 g/m at 30 DEG C 3 And then charging in the seventh stage.
2. The charging method of battery pack for an electric forklift according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the batteries which need to be subjected to battery internal formation are connected in series to form a circuit, then the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the charging and discharging motor, the negative electrode of the last battery is connected with the positive electrode of the charging and discharging motor, and then the batteries are subjected to acid filling and soaking.
3. The charging method of battery pack for an electric forklift according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), after the battery stops charging, a power line connected with the battery by the charging and discharging machine is disassembled, then the positive electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery in the circuit, and the negative electrode of the charging and discharging machine is connected with the negative electrode of the last battery in the circuit.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0260074A (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-02-28 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Charging method for sealed lead-acid battery and charger |
| JPH0888025A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Charging/discharging device for battery-jar formation of lead-acid battery |
| JP2006120574A (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-11 | Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The | Lead-acid battery |
| CN101459258A (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-06-17 | 江苏优德电源科技有限公司 | Internal chemical synthetic reverse charging chemical process for lead acid battery |
| CN102157755A (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2011-08-17 | 淄博火炬能源有限责任公司 | Processing method of tubular lead-acid battery |
| CN102244301A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-11-16 | 江苏永达电源股份有限公司 | Container formation process for lead acid storage battery |
| CN107732338A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-02-23 | 杨春晓 | The method for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202111339621.9A patent/CN114204145B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0260074A (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-02-28 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Charging method for sealed lead-acid battery and charger |
| JPH0888025A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Charging/discharging device for battery-jar formation of lead-acid battery |
| JP2006120574A (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-11 | Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The | Lead-acid battery |
| CN101459258A (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-06-17 | 江苏优德电源科技有限公司 | Internal chemical synthetic reverse charging chemical process for lead acid battery |
| CN102157755A (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2011-08-17 | 淄博火炬能源有限责任公司 | Processing method of tubular lead-acid battery |
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