CN108011133A - Raising extends lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life - Google Patents

Raising extends lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108011133A
CN108011133A CN201710166011.0A CN201710166011A CN108011133A CN 108011133 A CN108011133 A CN 108011133A CN 201710166011 A CN201710166011 A CN 201710166011A CN 108011133 A CN108011133 A CN 108011133A
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China
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battery
lead
discharge
circuit
polarity inversion
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CN201710166011.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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杨春晓
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

Have the invention discloses a kind of and can carry out >=1 positive and negative electrode polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent the circuit of charging or discharge and recharge operating function to lead-acid accumulator or battery pack, the invention also discloses a kind of method for the service life for improving or extending lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries, including the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge to positive and negative electrode >=2 total cumulative numbers of progress of lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries are electrically operated；The invention also discloses a kind of chemical synthesizing method for the lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries for operating and being analogous to the method；Circuit disclosed in this invention, method, chemical synthesizing method help to significantly improve or extend lead-acid accumulator or the service life of lead-acid batteries.

Description

Raising extends lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life
Technical field
The present invention relates to the service life for improving or extending storage battery or storage battery group, improves or prolongs more particularly to one kind The method of the service life of long lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries, circuit.
Background technology
Lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries due to manufacture cost is low, property/valency than high, safe and stable, recyclable, it is more It is widely used over year, and occupies chief status in secondary cell market sale share.But in performance, lead-acid accumulator or Lead-acid batteries show deficiency lower than energy, that service life is shorter, and at present, lead-acid accumulator or plumbic acid in store The ratio energy of battery pack is about 20-40Wh/kg, and cycle life is about 150-1500 times, and float life is about 5-20.Influence lead The factor of acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries service life is very much, internal factor for example active material composition, crystal form, porosity, Pole plate type and size, grid material and structure, diaphragm type and performance, assembling pressure, electrolyte type and formula, acid are close Degree, impurity, battery consistency etc., external factor such as depth of discharge, discharge current density, the density of charging current, overcharge, charge less Electricity, temperature, mechanical shock, stress deformation situation etc., are summed up, and main, common causes lead-acid accumulator or plumbic acid to store The battery or battery pack failure mode of battery pack end of life have grid corrosion, positive material(PAM) softening to come off, can not Inverse sulfation, dehydration, early stage capacitance loss, electrode passivation, the contraction of negative terminal surface product, battery consistency difference etc..According to these Factor and failure mode, people have had been developed that the side of a variety of raisings or the service life of extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Method, material, equipment, facility, accessory etc., and cause the service life of lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries to obtain certain journey The raising or extension of degree.However, on the other hand, social operation and development still need lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries Service life has in existing level further, even to be significantly increased or extends.
The content of the invention
One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of raising or extends lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid accumulator Method the method for the service life of group is especially by solution or improves lead-acid accumulator or the cathode of lead-acid batteries Active material softens, comes off, the contraction of anode specific surface area, burn into passivation, early stage capacitance loss, irreversible sulfation wherein One or more problems, to improve or extend lead-acid accumulator or the service life of lead-acid batteries.
The service life includes cycle life, float life.
To solve one of above-mentioned technical problem, raising of the invention or extend making for lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries Included with the method in service life：It is 2 times that the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries are carried out total cumulative number More than (including 2 times, the same below) polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated (hereinafter also referred to as polarity inversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated).Total cumulative number refers to that the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are in its service life To whole period existing for after end of life or described lead-acid accumulator or battery pack before terminating, all generations are described The positive and negative electrode pole that is altogether, accumulative including recurring and discontinuously occur with lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Sex reversal or the electrically operated number of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.Described recur refer to, twice or multiple institute State positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated between, the lead-acid accumulator or battery pack are without work Make behavior, it is described discontinuously to refer to that the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge are grasped twice or repeatedly The lead-acid accumulator or battery pack carried out work at least once between work.The polarity inversion can also claim polarity to exchange.
The polarity of the lead-acid accumulator or battery anode or anode includes, the electrode of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Positivity (cathode property) or negativity (anode property), the positivity feature of electrode generally comprise, and happens is that cathode on this electrode Electrode reaction, electrode potential are mutually more high, and the negativity feature of electrode generally comprises, and happens is that negative electrode is anti-on this electrode Should, electrode potential mutually it is more low.The polarity inversion refers to that originally the polarity of the electrode of positivity is transformed into negativity by positivity, together When original negativity electrode polarity positivity is become by negativity.
The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the positive electrode and negative electrode are electrically operated, include the polarity of positive electrode and negative electrode Reversion, the charging after polarity inversion or discharge and recharge operating procedure, in particular to, lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries is original , default or worked cathode and anode (referred to as original cathode, original anode, herein for purposes of illustration only, respectively Successively labeled as electrode A, electrode B) polarity inverted, after polarity inversion, using original cathode (electrode A) as anode, Using original anode (electrode B) as cathode, charged to the lead-acid accumulator after polarity inversion or lead-acid batteries or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, whole process from polarity inversion to polarity inversion after the electrically operated completion of charging or charge and discharge, be 1 polarity Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated (for purposes of illustration only, this is labeled as first time polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or charge and discharge is electrically operated), the polarity inversion of this positive electrode and negative electrode and subsequent charging or electrically operated the realized bag of charge and discharge Include, for original cathode (electrode A), its electrode potential is transformed into mutually more low, its electrode for being occurred by mutually more high Reaction is inverted to negative electrode reaction by original lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, for original anode (electrode B), Change is opposite.
If it is recognised that on the basis of above-mentioned 1 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, then carry out 1 Secondary polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated (labeled as second of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge behaviour Make), then in the charging or discharge and recharge operating process after the polarity inversion after once (for the second time), be electrically charged or discharge and recharge just Property electrode is then lead-acid accumulator or the original cathode (electrode A) of lead-acid batteries, is electrically charged or the negativity electrode of discharge and recharge It is then lead-acid accumulator or the original anode (electrode B) of lead-acid batteries, the pole of this time positive electrode and negative electrode (for the second time) Sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated realized includes, for original cathode (electrode A), its electrode potential by It is mutually more low that to be transformed into mutually more high, its electrode reaction for being occurred anti-by original acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction Anode electrode reaction is changed into, it is opposite for original anode (electrode B), change.In this way, the once cathode (for the second time) after this Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge with anode is electrically operated, together with above-mentioned 1 (first time) polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and 2 polarity inversion has been carried out altogether for original cathode (electrode A), original anode (electrode B) And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.
3 times or the polarity inversion more than 3 times and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, can be according to above-mentioned polarity inversion twice And subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated analogizes understanding.
During the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, when the polarity inversion actually occurs on the electrode Instantaneously to complete, the time is extremely short, and, in the critical part of polarity inversion, the polarity of electrode is from this critical one end change in polarity To critical other end polarity, few electricity is only needed, alternatively, when pass through few electricity, makes the polarity of electrode from critical This one end change in polarity to critical other end polarity, polarity inversion is to complete, therefore, because the charge volume being related to is few, The polarity inversion can be ignored in the influence for changing electrode composition, performance etc., strictly, the polarity inversion The change conceptually and being actually all primarily referred to as in a kind of polarization state, and the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill In discharge operation, make composition, performance of electrode etc. that the charging after the mainly polarity inversion of significant change or discharge and recharge behaviour occur Make process.
Electric current in polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour includes DC current, pulse current or arteries and veins Punching and the recombination current of direct current.
During the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the charging operations after any polarity inversion Number is more than 1 time (including 1 time, the same below).
It is anti-by the polarity of 1 time or more than 1 time in the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, when the lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries work, the cathode of its original, Anode originally may be at three kinds of working statuses：(1) original cathode works as cathode all the time, and anode originally begins Work eventually as anode；(2) original cathode works as anode all the time, original anode all the time as cathode into Row work；(3) original cathode is worked as cathode, is worked sometimes as anode sometimes, correspondingly, originally negative Pole is worked as anode, is worked sometimes as cathode sometimes.
In above-mentioned (1), (2) (3) under any operative state, the institute between any two primary cell or the work of battery pack The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge number of operations for stating positive electrode and negative electrode are more than 0 time (including 0 time, the same below).
For target and requirement, technique, safety, etc. needs, the positive electrode and negative electrode carry out polarity inversion and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards are electrically operated can be in any charged or working status of lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries (including work Before work, work in, work after) under directly initiate, start and carry out, also can be in the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge First discharged before electrically operated lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries or/and charging operations (hereinafter referred to as polarity inversion Preceding electric discharge or/and charging operations), then restart, start and carry out the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Operation.Latter event includes, before polarity inversion, battery or battery pack are carried out discharge operation until voltage be reduced to 0V or Above and below 0V, then carries out polarity inversion again.
The positive electrode and negative electrode of the lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries carry out the charging after polarity inversion, polarity inversion Charge and discharge is electrically operated or polarity inversion before electric discharge or/and charging operations can be according to certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude And they changing value, one or more measurement results in calculated value and start or stop or be failure to actuate.The thing Managing value includes magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure One or more in intensity values, density value, shading value, frequency values；The quantitative value includes accumulated number, odd number value, even number One or more in value, ratio value, the secondary numerical value of the charge-discharge cycle of battery or/and battery pack；The chemical magnitude includes electricity Pond or/and the acidity value of battery pack.The magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude include battery or/and battery pack is charging During, in discharge process, open circuit or the magnitude of physical quantity in static condition, quantitative value, chemical magnitude.
It is described electrically operated to positive electrode and negative electrode progress polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge for lead-acid batteries Including individually carrying out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge to some monocell in battery pack Operation, or the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge are carried out to the part monocell in battery pack and is grasped Make and (referred to as distinguish operation).
The present invention the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries are carried out polarity inversion and subsequent The lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries that charging or discharge and recharge operating method are applied to, including surface plate grating, pipe Formula, takeup type, bipolar system, horizontal lead cloth, cystosepiment grating, pillar, have and stablize the lead-acid accumulator or lead of gap body formula Acid accumulator group, including can be applied to lead carbon battery, the battery or electricity of ultracapacitor-lead-acid accumulator (abbreviation superbattery) Pond group, and the lead-acid batteries of mixed type that form of lead-acid accumulator Hybrid connections of these types.
The positive electrode and negative electrode to lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries of the present invention carry out polarity inversion and subsequent fill Electricity or discharge and recharge operating method can be applied to lead-acid accumulator during use or lead-acid batteries, can also be applied to plumbic acid storage Chemical synthesis technology when reparation, regeneration or the manufacturing of battery or lead-acid batteries.
Polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour of the lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries Make, the electric discharge before polarity inversion or/and charging operations, differentiation operation can be performed by programming.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention be to provide it is a kind of can be by lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Positive electrode and negative electrode carry out the electrically operated device of the polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, so as to be this hair Bright raising or the implementation for the service life method for extending lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries provide technical support.
To solve the two of above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides one kind to have lead-acid accumulator or/and lead acid storage battery The positive electrode and negative electrode of pond group carry out (including automatic progress, the same below) polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge The positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries can be carried out pole by the circuit of electrically operated function, the circuit Sex reversal or electrically operated number >=1 time of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.
The circuit can also be right before the polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated The positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries carry out electric discharge or/and charging operations before polarity inversion.
The circuit can be according in certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and their changing value, calculated value One or more measurement result and start or stop the polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated Or the electric discharge before polarity inversion or/and charging operations.The magnitude of physical quantity includes magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, electricity One kind or more in value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values Kind；The quantitative value includes the charge-discharge cycle time of accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack One or more in numerical value；The chemical magnitude includes battery or/and the acidity value of battery pack.Certain described physical quantity Value, quantitative value, chemical magnitude are including lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries in charging process, in discharge process, open circuit Or magnitude of physical quantity in static condition, quantitative value, chemical magnitude.
The circuit can also individually distinguish operation to each monocell in battery pack, part monocell, you can Individually to carry out polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging to each monocell in battery pack, part monocell or fill Discharge operation.
The circuit includes at least to be used for directly performing carries out polarity inversion to the positive electrode and negative electrode of battery or/and battery pack Or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated execution circuit unit of charge and discharge, the execution circuit unit and lead-acid accumulator Or/and the positive and negative electrode of battery pack is attached.
The execution circuit is realized when realizing to lead-acid accumulator or the progress polarity inversion operation of battery pack positive and negative electrode Method include：Polarity inversion and pole by the execution circuit output terminal that is connected to lead-acid accumulator or battery set electrode The charging to lead-acid accumulator or battery pack after sex reversal realizes, the realization side of the execution circuit output polarity reversion Formula includes：Realize, pass through by the relay included by the execution circuit or the open and close state transformation of the contact of contactor The switching state transformation of thyristor included by the execution circuit to realize, by included by the execution circuit by crystalline substance The working status for the polarity inversion circuit that body pipe, inductance, capacitance are formed, which becomes, brings realization, by included by the execution circuit Constant-current supply the mode conversion of forced electric discharge or forced charge carried out to battery or battery pack perform electricity to realize, by described Constant voltage source included by road realizes battery or the mode conversion of battery pack progress forced electric discharge or forced charge, therein It is one or more.
The circuit may also include control circuit unit, measuring circuit unit, input circuit unit, memory circuit cells, Output circuit unit, battery identity marker circuit unit, battery identity identification circuit unit, battery pack bus platform circuit unit In one or more.
The control circuit unit is attached with other each circuit units, and the execution circuit unit removes and lead acid storage battery The positive and negative electrode of pond or/and battery pack is also attached outside being attached with control circuit unit；
The control circuit unit is for analyzing, calculating, judging information and giving an order to other each circuit units, to it The function action of its circuit unit is determined, is managed, controlled, coordinated；The measuring circuit is used for measuring and battery or/and electricity The related magnitude of physical quantity of pond group or/and quantitative value/or/and chemical magnitude, and by measurement feedback to control circuit；It is described defeated It is to provide interface or information processing for the information input operation to the circuit to enter circuit unit, and input information is sent to Control circuit unit or memory circuit cells；The memory circuit cells are for storing relevant information；The output circuit Unit be for be embodied as coming from the output information of the control circuit unit or other circuit units provide output interface or It will be exported after information processing.
The battery identity marker circuit is for uniqueness identity possessed by lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Handled, including produce, distribute, store or export, so that different lead-acid accumulators or battery pack can be by areas each other Separate, the identity of lead-acid accumulator or battery pack acts as the effect of everyone identity card in society.
The battery identity identification circuit is to be identified, sentence for the identity to lead-acid accumulator or battery pack Disconnected, confirmation and output.
The execution circuit unit includes thyristor, relay, contactor, constant-current supply, constant voltage source therein one Kind is a variety of.
The battery pack bus platform circuit unit is the negative or positive electrode for collecting each monocell in battery pack, then The cathode output end or cathode output end of battery pack are connected to jointly, which can be real by the management of control circuit unit Now with the connection or disconnection of each list pond positive and negative electrode in battery pack, the positive and negative electrode of battery pack bus platform circuit unit and battery pack Connection.The circuit unit is mainly used for carrying out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated lead of charge and discharge to distinguish mode of operation Acid accumulator group.
The circuit includes integrated circuit.
The circuit includes programmable logic circuit.
The power supply of the circuit is from power supply or/and external power.From power supply refer to the circuit with the battery belonging to it or Battery pack is power supply, and external power refers to the circuit using other power supplys in addition to the battery belonging to it or battery pack, including DC power supply, AC power.
The circuit can be applied to lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries, lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries are filled Discharge equipment, the charging/discharging apparatus include lead-acid accumulator or charger, charger, the reparative regeneration of lead-acid batteries Device, the equipment such as instrument, battery management maintenance system, battery test system.
Beneficial effect
The electrode reaction of known lead-acid accumulator is：
As it can be seen that the reaction product after cathode, negative discharge is PbSO4, product PbSO4Changed into respectively again after charged Positive active material PbO2With negative electrode active material Pb；Make the original cathode of lead-acid accumulator as anode, anode originally For cathode, charging operations are carried out to battery, makes negative electrode reaction occurs on original cathode, cathode occurs on anode originally The discharging product PbSO of electrode reaction, then original cathode4Negative electrode active material Pb can be changed into, equally, original anode Discharging product PbSO4Positive active material PbO can be changed into2, i.e. the polarity of positive and negative electrode can invert, due to electrode reaction equation (1), the electrode reaction in (2) is reversible, and therefore, the polarity between the original cathode of lead-acid accumulator and original anode is anti- Turn also to be reversible.In addition, using the original cathode of lead-acid accumulator as anode, original anode as cathode, to battery into Row charging operations, result even in the PbO on original cathode2Directly to the Pb on Pb conversions, original anode directly to PbO2 Conversion, thus also complete the reversible polarity inversion between the original cathode of lead-acid accumulator and original anode.
Known conventional lead-acid accumulator cathode, feature of anode in discharge and recharge are that cathode is anti-with discharge and recharge again Again the active material PbO on the increase electrode of number2Combination between particle is gradually relaxed, is disengaged from so that positive-active Mass expansion, it is loose, soften, come off；Anode with the discharge and recharge number of occurrence increase electrode on active material Pb particles it Between tend to show as being bonded to each other so that anode specific surface area shrink, it is hardened.Therefore, conventional lead acid battery positive electrode, The additive for playing combination for slowing down or preventing positive material(PAM) softening, come off is added with anode, prevents anode from comparing table The swelling agent of area contraction.If using the original cathode of lead-acid accumulator as anode, anode originally is as cathode, to battery Charging operations are carried out, then the original positive active material PbO of lead-acid accumulator2Disengaging between particle can pass through negative electrode React and reversed, equally, the combination between the original negative electrode active material Pb particles of lead-acid accumulator can be by just Pole electrode reaction is also reversed, i.e., the softening of active substance for positive electrode of lead-acid accumulator, drop out effects, the specific surface area of anode are received Contracting effect, can be reversed by electrode reaction (1) (2) each other, in other words, by the present invention polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, the softening of active substance for positive electrode of lead-acid accumulator, come off, the specific surface area blockage effect of anode is also Reversible.
According to the two of above-mentioned lead-acid accumulator reversibility features, by the polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the present invention or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, (different discharge and recharge systems is by electrode reaction for electrode or electrode active for the suitable discharge and recharge system of selection Property material physics and the structure of chemistry, the influence of the generation such as property, change effect it is also different), by or not by additive Etc. regulating measure, make anode electrode react caused by active material particle be disengaged from and negative electrode reaction caused by active matter Matter particle is bonded to each other, and takes a turn for the worse or cancels out each other, and can substantially improve or even eliminate the positive electrode active material of lead-acid accumulator Matter softens, comes off, anode specific surface area shrinks problem, so as to significantly improve the service life of lead-acid accumulator.In theory, if Can solve the positive material(PAM) softening of lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries, come off, anode specific surface area is shunk and Except positive material(PAM) softening, come off, in addition to the failure mode that anode specific surface area is shunk and other failure moulds for being currently known The problem of battery caused by formula or the end of life of battery pack, then the service life of lead-acid accumulator and battery pack even have It may be intended to endless or extremely long.
It in addition, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present invention are electrically operated, can also hold grid corrosion, early stage Amount loss is inhibited or reverses, suppresses or eliminates electrode passivation, enhancing battery resistance overcharges ability, substitution or the drop of electrical lesion It is low that the needs of battery overcharge are avoided or reduced with the battery dehydration because of caused by overcharge, electrode potential and electricity in operation The change of pole environmental condition, can also have irreversible sulfation elimination or improvement result, enhancing battery resistance charge less electricity, mistake The ability of electric discharge infringement, so as to be also beneficial to significantly improve the service life of lead-acid accumulator and battery pack.
Operation is distinguished to the monocell in lead-acid batteries, i.e., to each monocell in battery pack, the single electricity in part Pond individually carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, is conducive to improve or extends The service life of monocell in battery pack, is safeguarded, the uniformity of capacity each other between monocell in adjustment battery pack, so as to improve lead The service life of acid accumulator group.
The circuit of the present invention can be used for before realizing the polarity inversion for carrying out lead-acid accumulator or/and battery pack positive and negative electrode Electric discharge or/and charging operations, polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so that the side of the present invention Method is carried out.
In conclusion by the method for the present invention, circuit, it can significantly improve or extend lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries Service life.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is operating discharge capacity and final discharging voltage number of 6 battery of the embodiment of the present invention in its each working cycles According to figure.
Fig. 2 is operating discharge capacity and final discharging voltage number of 7 battery of the embodiment of the present invention in its each working cycles According to figure.
Fig. 3 is 8 battery electrode current collector structure floor map of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is operating discharge capacity and final discharging voltage number of 8 battery of the embodiment of the present invention in its each working cycles According to figure.
Fig. 5 is operating discharge capacity and final discharging voltage number of 9 battery of the embodiment of the present invention in its each working cycles According to figure.
The reference numerals are as follows in figure：
1：Lug
2：Collector frame
3：Grid thin plate
4：Circular hole
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technology contents, feature and effect of the present invention are described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, rated capacity for 2.32Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), its working system be with 0.2 multiplying power (rated capacity, the same below) electric current constant-current charge, after voltage reaches 2.65V, with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, 24 divide when total time of charging twice is 6 small, after then being discharged with 2h rates, 80%DOD (depth of discharge), then Repeat above-mentioned charge and discharge process, i.e., worked by above-mentioned charge and discharge cycles, operating ambient temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃。
When the lead-acid accumulator residual capacity (battery work for the last time the electricity that can release, the same below) of the present embodiment For its rated capacity 7.3% when, start to carry out it present invention polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, bag Include following steps：
1) electric discharge and the 1st polarity inversion：(battery is in the constant-voltage charge rank in work at this time for the work of stopping battery Section), using a charging/discharging apparatus, discharged with the electric current (1164mA) of 0.5 multiplying power the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, make electricity Cell voltage from battery be stopped when 2.65V decline and drop to 0V always, and be finally down to -0.073V, stop electric discharge, then 30min is stood, is carried out in next step；
2) electrode connection is converted after the 1st polarity inversion：Manual operation, makes the cathode and the present embodiment lead of charging/discharging apparatus The original anode connection of acid accumulator, the cathode for making the anode of charging/discharging apparatus original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator are connected, Charging after polarity inversion or discharge and recharge between the original cathode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and original anode is valid It is standby, once walked；
3) charge：The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after polarity inversion is filled with the electric current (465.3mA) of 0.2 multiplying power Electricity, when cell voltage reaches 1.75V, charging is time-consuming, 547min, stops charging, then carries out in next step；
4) electric discharge and the 2nd polarity inversion：While previous step is stopped, with the electric current of 0.5 multiplying power to battery at this time Electric discharge is proceeded by, until cell voltage is down to 0V and finally reaches -0.08V, electric discharge is time-consuming, 9s, stops electric discharge, and stand 30min, is then once walked；
5) electrode connection is converted after the 2nd polarity inversion：Manual operation, makes the cathode and the present embodiment lead of charging/discharging apparatus The original cathode connection of acid accumulator, the anode for making the anode of charging/discharging apparatus original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator are connected, Prepare once to walk charging or discharge and recharge；
6) charge：Charged with the electric current of 0.2 multiplying power to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the 2nd polarity inversion, When voltage reaches 1.75V, complete charge.
Complete the 6) step when, starting simultaneously at makes battery enter working status and carries out work with working system identical before Make.Working result is as shown in table 1, it is seen then that the lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment is by 2 polarity inversions and subsequent chargings or fills After discharge operation, operating discharge capacity has notable recovery, because having determined that the failure mode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator for just Dead-soft, come off, thus should the result shows that, polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated makes the present embodiment The cathode softening of lead-acid accumulator, dropping situations are substantially reversed.
Table 1
Account for the ratio % of rated capacity
Before operation, battery remaining power 7.3
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery first time operating discharge capacity 24.9
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, second of operating discharge capacity of battery 31.7
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, polarity inversion of the invention and subsequent charging or the electrically operated side of charge and discharge The battery that method is implemented on, can also be tube type lead-acid accumulator, spirally wound lead acid battery, bipolar lead acid battery, water It is pond, cystosepiment grating lead-acid accumulator that flat lead cloth plumbic acid, which stores, pillar lead-acid accumulator, has and stablizes gap body formula plumbic acid and store Battery and lead carbon battery, ultracapacitor-lead-acid accumulator；Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour of the present invention Make when battery remaining power is 50%, 90%, the 100% of rated capacity can also start and start；Electricity when battery is stopped Pressure is not only 2.65V, other any possible voltages is can also be, such as 2.8V, 2V, 1.75V, 0.5V, 0V；Stop battery work When making, battery is also in other stages in work, constant-current discharge stage or constant-current charging phase；Start or stop this hair Bright polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated foundation of charging or charge and discharge can also be other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemical magnitude Or/and quantitative value, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure The charging of intensity values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack Or the one or more in the acidity value of electric discharge or charge-discharge cycle time numerical value, battery or/and battery pack.In the other of the present embodiment In embodiment, the discharge current in step 1) is the electricity of the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01,0.1,1,3,5,10 multiplying powers Stream；Electric discharge can also carry out stage by stage and discharge current value is not necessarily identical in each section；The voltage that electric discharge stops can be 0V, Can also be other voltages, such as 0.5,0.2, -0.3, -1.7V, -2.8V；The charging stage can also be added, that is, is being discharged After a certain period of time, carry out 1 charging more than stage again to battery, discharge again after charging, it is this electric discharge, charging, electric discharge, Etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, after carrying out charge-discharge cycle, then carry out polarity inversion.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, The foundation of charging or the electrically operated end of charge and discharge is not necessarily voltage in step 1), can also be other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemistry Value or/and quantitative value, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, power Value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack Charge or discharge or charge-discharge cycle time numerical value, battery or/and battery pack acidity value in one or more.In the present embodiment Other embodiment in, the discharge step in step 1) can be saved, i.e., after the work of battery is stopped, directly carrying out the 2) step.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the connection conversion in step 2), step 5) can also be not by manually grasping Make, but realized by the automatic function of unit or circuit.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, in step 3) Charging current be absolute value be more than 0 electric current, such as 0.01,0.2,1.1,3.5,5.3,10 multiplying powers electric current；Charging can be with Carry out stage by stage and charging current value is not necessarily identical in each section；The voltage that charging stops also being not necessarily 1.75V, can be with It is other voltages, such as；0.3rd, 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.65,2.8V etc.；The foundation that charging stops can also be charge volume, time； In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the discharge current in step 4) be absolute value be more than 0 electric current, such as 0.01,0.1, 1st, the electric current of 3,5,10.3 multiplying powers；Electric discharge can also carry out stage by stage and discharge current value is not necessarily identical in each section；Electric discharge Stage can also add the charging stage, i.e., in electric discharge after a certain period of time, then a charging more than stage, charging are carried out to battery Discharge again afterwards, this electric discharge, charging, electric discharge, etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, after carrying out charge-discharge cycle, then carry out polarity Reversion., can also be without the discharge operation of step 4) in the other embodiment of the present embodiment, but charge in step 3) After enter directly into the 5) step.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, charging or charge and discharge in step 3 or step 4) The foundation of electrically operated end is not necessarily voltage, can also be other magnitudes of physical quantity or/and chemical magnitude or/and quantitative value, bag Include magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, close The charge or discharge of angle value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack Or the one or more in the acidity value of charge-discharge cycle time numerical value, battery or/and battery pack.The other embodiment of the present embodiment In, the charging current in step 6) is the electric current of the electric current that absolute value is more than 0, such as 0.01,0.1,1,3,5,10 multiplying powers；Charging is also It can stage by stage carry out and charging current value is not necessarily identical in each section；The voltage that charging stops also being not necessarily 1.75V, also Can be other voltages, such as；0.3rd, 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.65,2,78V etc.；Charging stage can also add discharge regime, i.e., In charging after a certain period of time, then to battery an electric discharge more than stage is carried out, charged again after electric discharge, this charging, put Electricity, charging, electric discharge, etc. cycle-index it is unlimited, after carrying out charge-discharge cycle, then battery is transferred to working status or quasi- work shape State.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, complete the 6) after the operation of step, continue more than 1 time 1) -6) step operates (i.e. the 1st) step is to the 6th) operation of step, similar below), then carry out the battery work of more than 1 time again, described more than 1 time 1) -6) step operation and the battery of described more than 1 time also alternately, can be carried out cyclically each other between working, and the number of circulation >= 1.The original cathode of battery is so set to work all the time as cathode, anode originally works as anode all the time. In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, complete the 6) after the operation of step, continuing 1 time 1) -3) step operation or 1 time with On 1) -6) step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) step operation, then carry out the battery of more than 1 time again and work, described 1 time 1) -3) step Operation or 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) step operation and the battery of described more than 1 time go back each other between working Can alternately, cyclically it carry out, number >=1 of circulation.The original cathode of battery is so set to work all the time as anode, it is former The anode come works as cathode all the time.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the behaviour of the 6) step is completed in battery After work, by the work of the battery of more than 1 time, 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step operation, 1 time 1) -3) step operate or more than 1 time 1) -6) Step operation is plus 1 time 1) -3) step operation in turn, cyclically carries out, and order in turn is unlimited, and number >=1 of circulation, so makes electricity The original cathode in pond is worked as cathode, is worked sometimes as anode sometimes, and correspondingly, the original anode of battery has Shi Zuowei anode work, and work sometimes as cathode.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, described 1 time with On battery work, 1)-the 6 of more than 1 time) step operation, 1 time 1) -3) step operation or more than 1 time 1) -6) step operated plus 1 Secondary 1) -3) any switching between the two starts foundation in step operation, can be magnitude of physical quantity or/and quantitative value or/and chemical quantity Value, including magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density Value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, battery or/and battery pack charge or discharge or One or more in the acidity value of charge-discharge cycle time numerical value, battery or/and battery pack.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment In, the one or more in above-mentioned magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude and their changing value, calculated value include electricity Pond in charging process, in discharge process, open circuit or the magnitude of physical quantity in static condition, quantitative value or chemical magnitude.In this reality In the other embodiment for applying example, above-mentioned 1) -6) in the operation of step, other operations can be carried out at the same time, such as the temperature of regulating cell Spend, to battery acid adding, doping, Jia Shui, pressurization etc..Charging and discharging currents used in the present embodiment are direct current, in this reality In the other embodiment for applying example, used charging and discharging currents can also be arteries and veins charging stream or arteries and veins charging stream and DC current Recombination current.In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned 1), 4) in the operation of step, time of repose can be Other time length, time of repose can also be 0；In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, above-mentioned 1) -6) operation of step can Performed by programming.
Embodiment 2
The lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, rated capacity for 2.2Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), its working system is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 1.
When the lead-acid accumulator residual capacity of the present embodiment is the 30% of its rated capacity, start to carry out the present invention to it Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, comprise the following steps：1) electric discharge and the 1st polarity inversion：Stop electricity The work in pond, using a charging/discharging apparatus, puts the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator with the electric current (1098mA) of 0.5 multiplying power Electricity, make cell voltage from battery be stopped when 2.65V decline and drop to 0V always and be finally down to -0.26V, stop putting Electricity, then stands 38min, carries out in next step；2) electrode connection is converted after the 1st polarity inversion：Manual operation, sets discharge and recharge The standby cathode anode original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is connected, makes the anode of charging/discharging apparatus and the present embodiment plumbic acid stores The original cathode connection of battery, after the polarity inversion between the original cathode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator and original anode Charging or discharge and recharge prepare, once walked；3) charge：With the electric current (438.6mA) of 0.2 multiplying power to polarity inversion after The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator charges, and when charge capacity is 1.49Ah, stops charging, then carries out in next step；4) put Electricity and the 2nd polarity inversion：While previous step is stopped, electric discharge is proceeded by battery at this time with the electric current of 0.5 multiplying power, Until cell voltage is down to 0V and finally reaches -2.09V, electric discharge is time-consuming, 9s, stops electric discharge, and stands 588min, then carries out Once walk；5) electrode connection is converted after the 2nd polarity inversion：Manual operation, makes the cathode and the present embodiment lead of charging/discharging apparatus The original cathode connection of acid accumulator, the anode for making the anode of charging/discharging apparatus original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator are connected, Prepare for the charging or discharge and recharge of next step, then once walked；6) charge：With the electric current of 0.2 multiplying power to the 2nd polarity The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after reversion charges, when voltage reaches 1.75V, complete charge.Complete 6) step when, together When start to make battery to enter working status and worked with working system identical before, be continuously finished 7 under working system After secondary charge and discharge cycles, but proceed by the present invention polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, including following step Suddenly：7) electric discharge and the 3rd polarity inversion：Stop the work of battery, with the electric current (1098mA) of 0.5 multiplying power to the present embodiment plumbic acid Storage battery discharges, make cell voltage from battery be stopped when 2.65V decline drop to always 0V and be finally down to- 2.08V, then stops electric discharge, stands 503min, carries out in next step；8) electrode connection is converted after the 3rd polarity inversion：Manually behaviour Make, the anode for making the cathode of charging/discharging apparatus original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator be connected, make charging/discharging apparatus anode and The original cathode connection of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, prepares for the charging or discharge and recharge of next step, carries out in next step；9) fill Electricity：Charged with the electric current (438.6mA) of 0.2 multiplying power to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the 3rd polarity inversion, when filling When power consumption is 0.43Ah, stop charging, then carry out in next step；10) electric discharge and the 4th polarity inversion：Stopping previous step While, start to discharge to battery at this time with the electric current of 0.5 multiplying power, until cell voltage be down to 0V and finally reach- 2.08V, discharge used time 40min, stops electric discharge, and stands 1346min, is once walked；11) converted after the 4th polarity inversion Electrode connects：Manual operation, the cathode for making the cathode of charging/discharging apparatus original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator are connected, make charge and discharge The anode of the electric equipment anode original with the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is connected, and is prepared for the charging or discharge and recharge of next step, Then carry out in next step.12) charge：With the electric current of 0.2 multiplying power to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator after the 4th polarity inversion into Row charging, when voltage reaches 1.75V, complete charge.While 12) the end of the step, make battery enter working status and with Before identical working system works, and 4 charge and discharge cycles are continuously finished under working system.The working result such as institute of table 2 Show, it is seen then that the lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment by 2 times and 4 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, work Making discharge capacity has obvious recovery, and has one first to rise the process declined afterwards with work times increase；Although the 9) charge volume in step is few more many than the charge volume in 3) step, but in the 3rd, the 4th polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or after charge and discharge is electrically operated, operating discharge capacity still than the 1st, the 2nd time polarity inversion and subsequent the charging or discharge and recharge of battery The 7th task discharge capacity after operation increases.Because the failure mode for having determined that the present embodiment battery is positive dead-soft Change, come off, thus should the result shows that, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present embodiment are electrically operated can effectively and even It is continuous effectively to reverse lead acid battery positive electrode softening, dropping situations.
Table 2
Account for the ratio % of rated capacity
Before operation, battery remaining power 30.5
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery first time operating discharge capacity 33.9
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, second of operating discharge capacity of battery 42.1
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery third time operating discharge capacity 44.8
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the 4th task discharge capacity of battery 44.3
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the 5th task discharge capacity of battery 41.5
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the 6th task discharge capacity of battery 38.8
After 2 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the 7th task discharge capacity of battery 36.1
After 4 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery first time operating discharge capacity 36.6
After 4 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, second of operating discharge capacity of battery 38.8
After 4 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, battery third time operating discharge capacity 37.2
After 4 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the 4th task discharge capacity of battery 34.4
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment carries out this hair to lead-acid batteries (2h rate rated capacities are 2Ah, rated voltage 4V, 25 DEG C) To battery in bright polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated implementation steps of charging or charge and discharge and operation, with the embodiment of the present invention 1 The step of implementation and operate essentially identical, institute's difference is, in the operation of the present embodiment, by polarity inversion and subsequent Cathode and anode of the charge or discharge operation applied to lead-acid batteries.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, it is 3.0V or 4.5V that the charging after each polarity inversion, which stops voltage,.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the monocell of certain in battery pack or part monocell can also be carried out The polarity inversion and subsequent the operation of charging or discharge and recharge of the present invention, including step, by charging/discharging apparatus only with 1 or part Monocell is connected and carries out the polarity inversion as described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.With this It is corresponding, the battery pack with its each monocell or part monocell with the charge-discharge circuit in charging/discharging apparatus into The circuit structure of row independent connection.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, such as the polarity inversion in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and subsequent charging or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, can also be overall after 1 in battery pack or part monocell operate, then to lead-acid batteries Operated, or the order operated is in turn.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the aforesaid operations of the present embodiment are performed by programming.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment can be by the circuit of the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator progress polarity inversion, this implementation for the present invention's The positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator can be carried out number >=1 time of polarity inversion automatically by the circuit of example.The present embodiment circuit energy Instead of the embodiment of the present invention 1 2), 5) step or embodiment 2 2), 5), 8), the 11) manual operation described in step, Realize the polarity inversion operation included as described in the embodiment of the present invention 1,2.
The present embodiment circuit can according to lead-acid accumulator in charging process, in discharge process, open circuit or static condition In magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, Density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, the charge-discharge cycle of battery or/and battery pack One or more measurement results in secondary numerical value, acidity value and their changing value, calculated value and start or stop to lead Acid accumulator positive electrode and negative electrode carry out polarity inversion.
The present embodiment circuit includes being used for directly performing the execution circuit for carrying out the positive electrode and negative electrode of battery polarity inversion Unit.
The execution circuit unit of the present embodiment circuit and the positive and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator are attached；
The power supply of the present embodiment circuit is external power.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the circuit of the present embodiment also has the cathode of lead-acid accumulator with bearing Pole carries out >=1 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge；It can replace described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 Manual operation, and realize electrically operated including the polarity inversion as described in the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 and subsequent charging or charge and discharge； Can according to lead-acid accumulator in charging process, in discharge process, open circuit or the magnitude of voltage in static condition, current value, electricity Current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, Accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio value, the charge-discharge cycle time numerical value of battery or/and battery pack, acidity value and they Changing value, one or more measurement results in calculated value and start or stop to lead acid battery positive electrode and anode progress Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated；
The present embodiment circuit, which includes being used for directly performing, to carry out polarity inversion to the positive electrode and negative electrode of battery and subsequent fills Electric or electrically operated charge and discharge execution circuit unit, the positive and negative electrode of the execution circuit unit and lead-acid accumulator are attached.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the execution circuit unit of the present embodiment circuit include thyristor, after Electric appliance, contactor one or more therein.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment circuit further includes control circuit unit, measuring circuit list One or more in member, input circuit unit, memory circuit cells, output circuit unit.In the feelings for having control circuit unit Under condition, control circuit unit is attached with other each circuit units.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment circuit can also be in the polarity inversion or polarity inversion And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated before, pole is carried out to the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Electric discharge or/and charging operations before sex reversal.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment circuit can be according to lead-acid accumulator in charging process In, in discharge process, open circuit or the magnitude of voltage in static condition, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, power Value, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values, accumulated number, odd number value, even number value, ratio Charge-discharge cycle time numerical value, acidity value and one kind or more in their changing value, calculated value of value, battery or/and battery pack Kind measurement result and start or stop to carry out lead acid battery positive electrode and anode the electric discharge before polarity inversion or/and charging behaviour Make；
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment circuit includes integrated circuit.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment circuit includes programmable logic circuit.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the power supply of the present embodiment circuit is to add dispatch from foreign news agency from power supply or from power supply Source.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is a kind of circuit that the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid batteries can be carried out to >=1 polarity inversion.This The circuit of embodiment is with the circuit in the embodiment of the present invention 4 in function, operation principle, hardware and connection structure, power supply etc. Essentially identical, institute's difference is, targeted or application object is lead-acid batteries, and the present embodiment circuit is realized just The operation that pole carries out polarity inversion with anode is operated including the polarity inversion as described in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the circuit of the present embodiment also have by the cathode of lead-acid batteries with Anode carries out >=1 polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge, the circuit and the present invention of the present embodiment are real Apply having the positive electrode and negative electrode progress polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of lead-acid accumulator electrically operated work(in example 4 The circuit of energy is essentially identical in function, operation principle, working method, hardware and connection structure, power supply etc., institute's difference It is, targeted or application object is lead-acid batteries, and it is anti-that the positive electrode and negative electrode that the present embodiment circuit is realized carry out polarity The operation turned is electrically operated including the polarity inversion as described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the circuit of the present embodiment can be to each monocell in battery pack, part Monocell or whole battery pack individually carries out polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid accumulator service life, battery charger, method and makes with length With the lead-acid accumulator in service life, wherein the present embodiment circuit, which has, is used to improve or extend lead-acid accumulator service life, can incite somebody to action Lead-acid accumulator positive and negative electrode carries out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge of more than 1 time, it may have volume The function of Cheng Zhihang, the present embodiment circuit include control circuit unit, memory circuit cells, input circuit unit, storage electricity Road unit, output circuit unit, polarity inversion execution circuit unit, electric current and tension measuring circuit unit, timing circuit, circuit Composition include integrated circuit, programmable circuit, wherein, control circuit unit is connected with other circuit units, and polarity is anti- Turn execution circuit unit output terminal and be connected to the present embodiment circuit output end, polarity inversion execution circuit unit is based on included by it Constant-current power supply circuit, constant voltage power supply circuit and forced charge or/and forced electric discharge function realize its output terminal so as to this reality Apply the polarity inversion of a circuit output end.Its composition of the present embodiment battery charger includes the present embodiment circuit, and this implementation Example battery charger output terminal be connected with the present embodiment circuit output end so that when the present embodiment circuit output end generation just, When negative polarity inverts, polarity inversion also occurs therewith for the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment battery charger output terminal, in this way, when this After embodiment battery charger output terminal is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, the pole of charger output terminal can be passed through Charging operations after sex reversal and polarity inversion realize the behaviour that polarity inversion is carried out to the positive and negative electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Make, all operations to battery progress of following the present embodiment are the present embodiment battery charger in addition to special instruction is manual Realized by the present embodiment circuit included by it and the function of the present embodiment circuit and work, the present embodiment circuit output The polarity inversion at end is the constant current supply in the control circuit management control polarity reversion execution circuit of circuit through this embodiment Forced electric discharge or forced charge working status conversion realize.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator stores for surface plate grating plumbic acid Battery, rated capacity are 1.77Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), with the structure that a piece of positive plate is pressed from both sides between two panels negative plate, its cathode Plate has lead plaster made from anode formula, and battery only uses when working as cathode, thus referred to as positive plate, and negative plate has negative Lead plaster made from the formula of pole, battery only uses when working as anode, thus referred to as negative plate, and the formula of positive and negative electrode lead plaster is not Together, but use lead powder be ball milling lead powder.The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is to pass through The present embodiment battery charger and its program setting function, set and perform to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator carry out positive plate, The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of negative plate are electrically operated, are carrying out the present embodiment anode plate for lead acid accumulator, anode During reversal of plate polarity reverse turn operation, one kind is manual operation：Cell voltage is down near 0V, then by human hand, by the present embodiment The connection status of battery charger and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from charger cathode clip (cathode exports conductive clamp, with Similarly hereinafter) it is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, charger anode clip (anode export conductive clamp, the same below) and lead acid storage battery Pond negative plate connection (such a connection claims just to connect state, the same below), is changed into, charger cathode clip and acid accumulator negative pole lead Plate connection, charger anode clip are connected (such a connection claims reversal connection state, the same below) with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, or will Reversal connection state is changed into state is just connect, and the battery after then being converted to electrode connection status carries out charging to cell voltage ＞ 0V, So as to fulfill the polarity inversion of its electrode of the present embodiment battery；Another kind is that battery charger is automatically brought into operation through this embodiment： When the present embodiment battery is in and just connects state, the constant-current supply in battery charger is to the present embodiment battery through this embodiment Carrying out forced electric discharge causes the voltage of battery to be transformed into the state of ＜ 0V from the state of >=0V, or in cell voltage ＜ 0V pair Battery is charged (or forced charge) and the state of cell voltage from ＜ 0V is transformed into the >=state of 0V, is automatic real The positive and negative electrode polarity inversion operation to the present embodiment battery is showed, because when battery, which is in, just connects state, making battery discharge To 0V, continue to carry out forced electric discharge to battery, at this moment cell voltage will be transformed into ＜ 0V from 0V and be intended to more negative battery Voltage, battery are forcibly discharged in cell voltage ＜ 0V, then mainly happens is that lead-acid accumulator on battery positive plate at this time Filling in lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction is mainly happens is that in charging process, cell negative plate in negative electrode reaction Electric process (refer to electrode reaction equation of the present invention (1), (2), the same below), and the present embodiment battery is in when just connecing state, electricity Pond is forced to charge in cell voltage ＜ 0V, then mainly happens is that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode on battery positive plate at this time It mainly happens is that the discharge process in lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on discharge process, cell negative plate in reaction, In this way, the forced electric discharge of battery charger, forced charge operation are realized to the present embodiment battery positive and negative electrode through this embodiment Polarity inversion operation.In addition, also implemented using charging, discharging function possessed by the present embodiment battery charger to this reality Charging, discharge operation when applying the work of battery, to realize the cycle operation of the present embodiment battery (below to all behaviour of battery Make and measure except special instruction is outer manually, be through this embodiment battery charger progress program setting, perform reality It is existing).When it is implemented, first, allowing the present embodiment battery to carry out charge and discharge cycles work, the cycle operation system of battery is：When When battery is in sufficient electricity condition, electric discharge work is carried out to battery with the constant current of 1031mA, upon discharging between reach 1 it is small when 36 divide When while being the 93% of rated capacity (discharge capacity 1649mAh) or during cell voltage≤1.75V, stop electric discharge, connect And charged with the constant current of 412mA to battery, and after measuring cell voltage and reaching 2.65V, be converted into 2.65V constant pressures Continue to charge to battery, when twice (constant current, constant pressure) charging reach total time 6 it is small when 24 divide, battery charging process terminates, so Afterwards, then with the constant current of 1031mA foregoing discharge process is repeated, so discharges, charge repeatedly, circulating battery is worked, battery Operating ambient temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when the present embodiment battery, its discharge capacity or discharge time are less than in above-mentioned work When a certain capability value set in advance or sometime value (set in the present embodiment be respectively 900mAh, 1 it is small when 36 divide, It is 47 points, as follows), stop the work of battery, start to carry out battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging at least twice Or charge and discharge is electrically operated, after the completion of the operation, battery is put into again under the working system of its original and worked.
By upper, initially set up when the discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is less than 900mAh, stop battery work And start to battery carry out first, second time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.The present embodiment Battery carries out cycle operation, work since the 2nd task charge-discharge cycle after chemical conversion according to the present embodiment working system When the present embodiment battery positive plate on happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction, happens is that lead acid storage battery on negative plate Pond negative electrode reaction, as shown in Figure 1, when charge-discharge cycle is to the 148th time, the discharge capacity of battery starts substantially to show The phenomenon gradually declined, on inspection, this is because positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by (with discharge capacity decline Reason is same with this), when charge-discharge cycle is to the 179th time, it is (i.e. surplus that discharge capacity when battery discharge is to 1.75V is down to 899mAh Covolume amount for rated capacity 50.9%), that is, reach start to the present embodiment battery carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or the electrically operated trigger condition (discharge capacity ＜ 900mAh) of charge and discharge, at this time, start to carry out the present embodiment battery first, Second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. in the 179th work After discharging (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), continue to carry out electric discharge to battery with 1031mA constant currents until battery electricity Press for 0V when, stop electric discharge, the polarity inversion of its positive plate, negative plate is then carried out to the battery, i.e. manually by the present embodiment The connection status of battery charger and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator connects from charger cathode clip and anode plate for lead acid accumulator Connect, charger anode clip is connected with lead-acid battery negative pole plate just connects state, change into, charger cathode clip and plumbic acid Accumulator negative plate connection, the reversal connection state that is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator of charger anode clip, formed be commonly called as it is anti- Pole connects, and then, has converted the battery after connection status to this with the constant current of 1031mA and has charged, when cell voltage rises To 1.75V, continue with the constant current of 1031mA to battery charging 3 it is small when (this process cell voltage rises to from 1.75V 2.23V), then, discharged with 1031mA constant currents battery, to during 0V stop electric discharge, then, again to the battery into Row positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, i.e. manually by the connection status of battery charger and the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator from charger just The reversal connection state that pole clip is connected with lead-acid battery negative pole plate, charger anode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, Change into, charger cathode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, charger anode clip and lead-acid battery negative pole plate Connection just connects state, then, is charged to the battery with the constant current of 258.4mA, during to cell voltage 1.75V, then with 412mA constant current charges, during to cell voltage 2.65V, then with 2.65V constant voltages it is small to battery charging 3 when, then, make this Battery reenters the same electric discharge-charging cycle working status.So far, first, second time to the present embodiment battery is completed Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.The result shows that through first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, discharge capacity of the battery under the 180th task state, which rises, to be reached 1452.5mAh, and to have returned to regular picture capacity 1649mAh (corresponding to put for the discharge capacity under its 181st task state 36 divide when the electric time is 1 small).
Next, make the present embodiment battery continue run under working system, and will triggering positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and its The electrically operated condition of charging or charge and discharge afterwards is changed to by programming：As the operating discharge time ＜ of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator 1 it is small when 36 timesharing, stop battery work and start automatically to battery progress the 3rd, the 4th time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and Thereafter charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated.As shown in Figure 1, discharge capacity reaches in the 181-224 times electric discharge-charging work circulation The regular picture time, 1 36 divides (corresponding discharge capacity is 1649mAh) when small, the present embodiment battery in the working cycle process It happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on positive plate, happens is that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode is anti-on negative plate Should, when battery charge-discharge cycle works to the 225th time, the electric discharge ability to work of battery is begun to decline, and discharge time is small for 1 When 35 timesharing (cell voltage is reduced to 1.75V at this time), therefore, according to the trigger condition and executive program of setting, the present embodiment Battery charger the present embodiment battery is transferred to by working status automatically immediately at this time positive plate, negative plate polarity inversion and its The electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge afterwards and implementation phase, i.e. the 225th charge-discharge cycle operating discharge terminates, cell voltage drop To 1.75V, battery is stopped work, then automatically is carried out continuing to discharge with the constant current of 1031mA, and passes through this The forced electric discharge function of embodiment battery charger, the continuation discharge operation cause cell voltage to drop to quickly from 1.75V 0V, then drops to ﹣ 1.75V (charger measured and the cell voltage that shows), after ﹣ 1.75V are reached, continuation from 0V again Keep (at this moment measuring cell voltage when the constant current forced electric discharge 3 of 1031mA is small and dropping to about ﹣ 2.15V from ﹣ 1.75V), force Discharge 3 it is small when after, charger then carries out the battery with the constant current of 1031mA forced charge and (measures charging time-consuming 23 at this time Minute, cell voltage rise to 0V from about ﹣ 2.15V), after cell voltage reaches 0V, charger automatically continues with 258.4mA Constant current charge to battery, until after cell voltage reaches 1.75V, then with the constant current of 412mA battery is continued to charge, then directly To cell voltage is measured up to after 2.65V, switching battery pair is charged with 2.65V constant pressures, and this constant-voltage charge is kept 3 small When, then battery is rotated back into the electric discharge-charging cycle working status of its original.So far, to the present embodiment battery is completed 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the results showed that, it is positive and negative through the 3rd, the 4th time After pole polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, when the present embodiment battery discharges in the working cycles of the 228th time Between return to 1 it is small when 36 divide, and next until in the 239th cycle operation its discharge time be all normal, be 1 36 points of hour.(working cycles of the 226th, 227 time caused to put since maloperation causes final discharging voltage to be less than 1.75V Electricity).
Next, the present embodiment battery is set to continue to run under working system, when the present embodiment battery is arrived in cycle operation At the 240th time, 35 timesharing when its discharge time is 1 small, trigger the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion set before and subsequent fill again Electric or electrically operated charge and discharge beginning condition, thus (cell voltage is at the end of electric discharge after the 240th work of discharging 1.75V), charger next started by the present embodiment battery carry out the 5th, the 6th time positive plate, negative plate polarity it is anti- Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, operating method and process are with the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 3rd, the 4th time and thereafter Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated identical.As a result, through the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 5th, the 6th time After electrically operated, the present embodiment battery discharge time in the working cycles of the 243rd time return to 1 it is small when 36 divide (the 241st, 242 time Working cycles cause final discharging voltage to be less than 1.75V due to maloperation, cause overdischarge).
Next, make the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and in the charge-discharge cycle mistake for carrying out the 244th time Cheng Zhong, the electrically operated beginning condition of triggering the present embodiment battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is passed through Programming is changed to：When 45 timesharing of discharge time ＜ of the present embodiment battery, stop battery working and start automatically to battery into Row the 7th time, the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 8th time and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in Figure 1, when battery works Its discharge performance is begun to decline when being recycled to the 251st time, and at the 268th time, discharge time, (corresponding discharge capacity was for 42 points 721mAh), positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge of setting are triggered at this time, thus After the 268th work of discharging (cell voltage is 1.75V at the end of electric discharge), stop battery work, charger is following Start to carry out the present embodiment battery the 7th time, the polarity inversion of the positive plate, negative plate of the 8th time and subsequent charging or fill Discharge operation, operating method and process and the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 3rd, the 4th time are electrically operated Essentially identical, institute's difference is, after cell voltage reaches ﹣ 1.75V, continues to keep the constant current forced electric discharge of 1031mA 4 it is small when (rather than 3 it is small when, it is still to drop to about ﹣ 2.15V from ﹣ 1.75V that this process, which measures cell voltage).As a result, through the 7th, After the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 8th time are electrically operated, work of the present embodiment battery at the 269th time In circulation discharge time return to 1 it is small when 12 divide (discharge capacity 1252mAh), and discharge in the working cycles of the 270th time Time return to 1 it is small when 36 divide, and next until its discharge time is all just in the cycle charge discharge work of the 286th time It is normal 1 it is small when 36 divide.Circuit, battery charger, lead-acid accumulator and positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter through this embodiment Charging or discharge and recharge operating method, the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator be extended more than 60% (discharge capacity 80% less than rated capacity are not counted in service life cycle-index or are considered as non-productive work), by this reality when contributing to newspapers, magazines,etc. Apply a circuit, method makes the extended testing system of the service life of the present embodiment battery still continue, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is still Run under working system, its service life is still in extension.
In addition, the 8 positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge that are carried out in the present embodiment to battery are electrically operated The total charge volume additionally consumed is about 47336mAh, and extra increased effectively work times are 83 times, therefore average increase is every The charge volume that task number additionally consumes is 570mAh, is the 34.6% of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator rated capacity, knot The situation for closing existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery is calculated, and can be obtained, the cost that increase effectively works every time is approximately existing business With 0.036% (electricity charge are calculated with 0.6 yuan/degree) of power lead-acid storage battery acquisition cost, increase by 365 costs effectively to work Be approximately the 13.2% of existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery acquisition cost, i.e. if disregard the present embodiment charger, circuit into This, the method that lead-acid accumulator service life is improved or extended using the present embodiment, can make within 1 year the use of power battery into Originally it is reduced to 13.2%.If (depth of discharge and discharge current are less than this example in the case where operating discharge system is more light and slow 93%DOD, 1.16I2, I2For 0.5 multiplying power electric current), then averagely increase the charge volume that each work times additionally consume and also It is low, so that it is also corresponding lower to increase the cost effectively to work every time.In addition, battery often increases the service life of 1 year, ring is brought Benefit in terms of guarantor is huge.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, charging/discharging apparatus that the present embodiment circuit is applied is also charger, Reparative regeneration instrument, battery management maintenance system, battery test system.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the lead-acid accumulator of the present embodiment has identity circuit, passes through The battery identity marker circuit, battery identity identification circuit in the battery charger of the present embodiment can to the present embodiment battery into Row identification, so that it is determined that the whole or recent duty history of the present embodiment battery, various relevant program settings etc., so that After the present embodiment battery charger is connected with the present embodiment battery, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion is carried out to the present embodiment battery And subsequent charging or charge/discharge operation.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, by the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator forced electric discharge to cell voltage ＜ 0V Or the forced electric discharge time after ﹣ 1.75V can also be 5 it is small when, 10 it is small when, 20 it is small when, cell voltage is reached ﹣ 2.3V, ﹣ 2.65V, ﹣ 2.78V etc., to obtain stronger positive material(PAM) softening, come off reversing effect.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, always according to electrolyte in measured battery concentration higher than 55%, And when battery temperature is higher than 45 DEG C, suspends positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, and in electrolyte Concentration after (can be by being realized to battery fluid infusion), temperature drop to less than 40 DEG C less than 50%, continued access starts positive and negative electrode polarity Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, when the present embodiment battery is in work, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter Charging or during electrically operated on or off of charge and discharge, carry out fluid infusion operation to the present embodiment battery, the liquid mended include water, Sulfuric acid solution, additive solution one or more therein, to repair due to long-time, multiple, high current charge and discharge, overcharge Battery dehydration, mistake acid, the mistake additive equal loss caused by reason such as electricity, oxidation, cell sealing problem, improve battery and use the longevity Life.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method, circuit and charger are applied to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries (rated voltage 12V, rated capacity 12Ah), become The present embodiment improves or extends method, circuit and the charger of lead-acid batteries service life, in application, in present embodiment Method and circuit made to correspond to battery pack in terms of the setting and execution of the parameter values such as voltage, electric current, capacity, allowed band The change of parameter, e.g., after lead-acid batteries forced electric discharge to battery voltage ＜ 0V, makes battery voltage continue to decline Stop forced electric discharge after to ﹣ 6V, ﹣ 10.5V, ﹣ 13V, ﹣ 15V, forced electric discharge electric current is 0.3 multiplying power, 0.5 multiplying power, 1 multiplying power, 2 times Rate.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid accumulator service life, method and the plumbic acid with the long life Storage battery, wherein, the present embodiment circuit have be used for improve or extend lead-acid accumulator service life, can be by lead-acid accumulator Positive and negative electrode carries out polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge of more than 1 time, it may have programming execution work( Can, the present embodiment circuit includes control circuit unit, input circuit unit, memory circuit cells, output circuit unit, polarity Execution circuit, electric current and tension measuring circuit unit, timing circuit are inverted, the composition of circuit includes integrated circuit, may be programmed Circuit, wherein, control circuit unit is connected with other circuit units, and polarity inversion execution circuit unit output terminal is connected to this Embodiment circuit output end, polarity inversion execution circuit unit is based on the constant-current power supply circuit included by it, constant voltage power supply circuit And forced charge or/and forced electric discharge function realize polarity inversion of its output terminal so as to the present embodiment circuit output end, this Sample, after the present embodiment circuit output end is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, can through this embodiment circuit it is defeated Charging operations after the polarity inversion and polarity inversion of outlet realize the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Operation, the polarity inversion of the present embodiment circuit output end is that the control circuit management control polarity of circuit through this embodiment is anti- Turn the working status conversion realization of the forced electric discharge or forced charge of the constant current supply in execution circuit.The present embodiment plumbic acid stores Battery is surface plate grating lead-acid accumulator, and rated capacity is 1.93Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), have two panels negative plate between press from both sides one The structure of piece positive plate, its positive plate have lead plaster made from anode formula, and battery only uses when working as cathode, thus claims For positive plate, negative plate has lead plaster made from cathode formula, and battery only uses when working as anode, thus referred to as anode Plate, the formula of positive and negative electrode lead plaster is different, and the lead powder that uses of positive plate lead paste is the lead oxide powder of 100% oxidizability, negative plate The lead powder that lead plaster uses is ball milling lead powder.The method that the present embodiment improved or extended lead-acid accumulator service life is to pass through this reality A circuit and its program setting, perform function are applied, sets and performs anti-to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator progress positive and negative electrode polarity Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, carry out the polarity inversion of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator positive and negative electrode operation when, as The embodiment of the present invention 6 is such, and one kind is by manual operation, and another kind is the forced electric discharge of circuit and pressure through this embodiment Charge function, be in this example circuit and the connection status of battery and just connecing being automatically brought into operation under state and (refer to of the invention real Apply the corresponding contents in example 6).In addition, also implemented using charging, discharging function possessed by the present embodiment circuit to this implementation Charging, discharge operation during example battery work, to realize the cycle operation of the present embodiment battery (below to all operations of battery And measurement is except special instruction is outer manually, be through this embodiment circuit progress program setting, perform realization).It is specific real Shi Shi, first, allows the present embodiment battery to carry out charge and discharge cycles work, the working system of battery is：When battery is in the electric shape of foot During state, electric discharge work is carried out with the electric current of 1008mA, upon discharging between reach 1 it is small when 36 divide (i.e. discharge capacity be 1614mAh, Be rated capacity 83%) or during cell voltage≤1.75V, stop electric discharge, then with the constant current of 404mA to battery into Row charging, and after cell voltage reaches 2.65V, be converted into continuing to charge to battery with 2.65V constant pressures, (constant current, perseverance when twice Pressure) charging reach total time 6 it is small when 24 divide, then battery charging process terminates, then repeated with the constant current of 1008mA foregoing Discharge process, so discharges, charges, circulating battery is worked repeatedly, and cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when this Embodiment lead-acid accumulator its discharge time or discharge capacity in above-mentioned work are less than or are continuously less than a certain set in advance When capability value or sometime value (set in the present embodiment be respectively 1614mAh, 1 it is small when 36 divide, 46 points, it is as follows), stop The only work of battery, starts to carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion at least twice and subsequent charging to battery or charge and discharge is electrically operated, After the completion of operation, battery is put into again under the working system of its original and worked.
By upper, initially set up when the discharge capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is continuously less than 1614mAh three times, stop Battery work and start to battery carry out first, second time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated. As shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment battery is (preceding according to set working system progress cycle operation since the 18th charge-discharge cycle What 17 charge-discharge cycles in face carried out is the operation such as some overcharges, overdischarge, capacity check), the present embodiment battery is being just during work It happens is that lead acid battery positive electrode electrode reaction on pole plate, happens is that acid accumulator negative pole lead electrode reaction on negative plate, Charge-discharge cycle the 18-50 times, battery show normal ability to work, i.e., each discharge capacity is equal 1614mAh.When charge and discharge follows When ring is to the 51st time, the discharge capacity of battery starts to show to reduce, i.e. the discharge capacity of the 51-53 times is respectively 1583, 1568 and 1554mAh (34 divide when corresponding discharge time is respectively 1 small, when 1 is small 33 divide and 31 divide when 1 is small), on inspection, this is Positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by (due to being declined with discharge capacity with this same), at this time, reach and start pair Battery carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated trigger condition of charge and discharge (the continuous ＜ three times of discharge capacity 1614mAh), then start to carry out the present embodiment battery first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill The preparation of discharge operation and formal operation, i.e. (when cell voltage is down to 1.75V), stop after the 53rd task discharges The work of battery, then carries out electric discharge until cell voltage is 0V, then stopping is discharged, then to battery using 1008mA constant currents The polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery, i.e. manually by this example circuit and the connection status of lead-acid accumulator from originally Example circuit cathode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, this example circuit anode clip and lead-acid battery negative pole plate connect What is connect just connects state, changes into, this example circuit cathode clip is connected with lead-acid battery negative pole plate, this example circuit anode folder The reversal connection state that son is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, then, after having converted connection status to this with the constant current of 1008mA Battery charge, after cell voltage rises to 1.75V, continue with the constant current of 1008mA to battery charging 3 it is small when (this Process cell voltage rises to 2.28V from 1.75V), then, discharged with 1008mA constant currents battery, to 0V when stops Electric discharge, then, carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, i.e. manually by the present embodiment circuit and lead-acid accumulator to the battery again Connection status be connected from this example circuit cathode clip with lead-acid battery negative pole plate, this example circuit anode clip and plumbic acid The reversal connection state of accumulator anode board connection, is changed into, this example circuit cathode clip is connected with anode plate for lead acid accumulator, this What example circuit anode clip was connected with lead-acid battery negative pole plate just connects state, then, to the battery with the perseverance electricity of 251.5mA Stream charges, during to cell voltage 1.75V, then with 404mA constant current charges, during to cell voltage 2.65V, then with 2.65V Constant voltage to battery carry out charging 3 it is small when, then, the battery is reentered the same electric discharge-charging cycle working status.Extremely This, the first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge completed to the present embodiment battery are electrically operated.Knot Fruit shows that after first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery exists Discharge capacity in 54th cycle operation rises to 1570mAh, and (33 divide when corresponding discharge time is 1 small, and discharge capacity is small In 1614mAh, this is related with the undercharge before operating discharge, and following analogue is identical), and putting in its 55th task Capacitance has returned to the regular picture capacity under working status, 1614mAh (36 divide when corresponding discharge time is 1 small).
Next make the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion will be triggered And subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are changed to by programming：It is continuous when the discharge time of the present embodiment battery 36 timesharing when four times small less than 1, stop battery work, and start anti-to battery progress third time, the positive and negative electrode polarity of the 4th time Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment battery is in its 55-93 times charge and discharge cycles work Middle discharge capacity be the regular picture time 1 it is small when 36 divide (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh), but in its charge-discharge cycle work When accomplishing the 94th time, the discharge time of battery starts to show to decline, i.e. the discharge time of the 94-97 times is respectively 1 small When 35 divide, 34 divide when 1 is small, when 1 is small 33 divide and 33 divide when 1 is small (corresponding discharge capacity is respectively 1603,1589,1578, 1567mAh), therefore reach and start to carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge trigger condition to battery, this When, start to carry out the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to the present embodiment battery and subsequent charging or charge and discharge be electrically operated, Operating method and process are with carrying out first, second positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated basic phase of charge and discharge Together, institute's difference is, carries out before third time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion not by the voltage of battery from 1.75V constant-current discharges To 0V, but after battery is down to 1.75V in its voltage, stop the work of battery, and directly the electrode of the battery is connected manually Connect and be interchangeable, i.e., change this example circuit of the present embodiment and the connection status of lead-acid accumulator into reversal connection from state is just connect State, cell voltage is negative value at this time after connection exchange, then, with the constant current of 1008mA to the electricity after having converted connection status Pond is charged, when cell voltage from negative value rise to 0V again to 1.75V after, continue with the constant current of 1008mA to battery charge 3 it is small when, then, discharged with 1008mA constant currents battery, to during 0V stop electric discharge, then, again to the battery into Row positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, i.e. manually change this example circuit and the connection status of lead-acid accumulator into just from reversal connection state State is connect, then, is charged to the battery with the constant current of 251.5mA, during to cell voltage 1.75V, then with the permanent electricity of 404mA Current charge, during to cell voltage 2.65V, then with 2.65V constant voltages it is small to battery charging 3 when, then, reenter the battery The same electric discharge-charging cycle working status.So far, it is anti-to complete the to the present embodiment battery the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity Turn and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated.The result shows that through the 3rd, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging Or after charge and discharge is electrically operated, (corresponding discharge time 1 is small for 1489mAh for discharge capacity of the battery in the 98th cycle operation When 28 divide, not reaching 1614mAh, this is related with the undercharge before operating discharge), and the electric discharge in its 99th cycle operation Capacity has returned to the discharge capacity of normal work, 1614mAh (36 divide when corresponding discharge time is 1 small).
Next make the battery continue to run by working system, and will triggering the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent Charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are changed to by programming：It is less than 1 when the discharge time of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Hour 36 timesharing, stop battery work and start the automatically positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to battery progress the 5th, the 6th time and its Charging or charge and discharge afterwards is electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is in its 99-126 times charge and discharge cycles work In discharge time 36 divide (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh) when being 1 small, when its cycle operation is to the 127th time When, the electric discharge ability to work of battery is begun to decline, discharge time for 1 it is small when 35 divide (cell voltage is reduced to 1.75V at this time, Corresponding discharge capacity is 1607mAh), therefore, according to the trigger condition and program of setting, the present embodiment circuit immediately will at this time The present embodiment battery is transferred to and carries out the polarity inversion of positive and negative electrode positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge automatically by working status The preparation of operation and implementation phase, i.e., after cell voltage is down to 1.75V, stop battery work, and automatically with 1008mA's Constant current continues to discharge to battery, and is made by the forced electric discharge function of this example circuit, the continuation discharge operation Cell voltage drops to 0V from 1.75V, then drops to ﹣ 1.75V from 0V again, after ﹣ 1.75V are reached, continue keep with When the constant current forced electric discharge 3 of 1008mA is small (cell voltage is measured at this time and drops to about ﹣ 2.12V from ﹣ 1.75V), forced electric discharge 3 After hour, the present embodiment circuit then carries out forced charge to the battery with the constant current of 1008mA and (measures cell voltage from about ﹣ 2.12V rises to 0V, and charging is 21 minutes time-consuming), after cell voltage reaches 0V, this example circuit automatically continue with The constant current of 251.2mA charges battery, and battery is continued to fill after cell voltage reaches 1.75V, then with the constant current of 404mA Electricity, until measure cell voltage up to after 2.65V, then to battery with 2.65V constant-voltage charges, and make this constant-voltage charge keep 3 it is small when, Then battery is rotated back into its same electric discharge-charging cycle working status.So far, complete to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator 5th, the 6th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the results showed that, through the 5th, the 6th time just, After negative polarity reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the present embodiment battery is under the 128th cycle operation state 25 divide when discharge time is 1 small (corresponding discharge capacity is 1428mAh, this time not up to 1614mAh this with before operating discharge Undercharge is related), and the discharge capacity under its 129th task state returned to normal discharge time 1 it is small when 36 divide (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh).
Next this implementation battery is made to continue to run by working system, battery is in its 129-152 times cycle operation 36 divide when discharge time is normal 1 small, when the present embodiment battery in cycle operation to the 153rd time when, its discharge time be 1 Hour 35 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 1612mAh), trigger the battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion that sets before and thereafter again Charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, thus (cell voltage is at the end of electric discharge after the 153rd work of discharging 1.75V), the present embodiment circuit start to the present embodiment battery carry out the 7th, the 8th time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, operating method and process and the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the 5th, the 6th time or fill Discharge operation is identical.As a result, after the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 7th, the 8th time is electrically operated, this 15 divide when discharge time of the embodiment battery under the 154th, 155 cycle operation state is respectively 1 small, when 1 is small 34 divide it is (corresponding Discharge capacity for 1260, this is related with the undercharge before operating discharge by 1579mAh, not up to 1614mAh), and its Discharge capacity under 156 task states returned to normal discharge time 1 it is small when 36 divide that (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh)。
Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run by working system, battery is in its 156-166 times cycle operation Discharge time 36 divide when being 1 small, when battery in cycle operation to the 167th time when, its discharge time for 1 it is small when 35 timesharing (corresponding discharge capacity is 1604mAh), trigger again the battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion set before and subsequent charging or The electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, thus after the 167th work of discharging (cell voltage is 1.75V at the end of electric discharge), Next this example circuit starts to carry out the present embodiment battery the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of the 9th, the tenth time and subsequent fills Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and operating method and process are still with the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging of the 5th, the 6th time or filling Discharge operation is identical.As a result, after the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 9th, the tenth time is electrically operated, should 06 divide when discharge time of the battery under the 168th, 169 cycle operation state is respectively 1 small, 16 divide (corresponding electric discharge when 1 is small Capacity is 1109, this is related with the undercharge before operating discharge by 1277mAh, not up to 1614mAh), and its 170th work Make the discharge capacity under state then return to normal discharge time 1 it is small when 36 divide (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614mAh).
Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run by working system, will after battery completes the 170th cycle operation Triggering battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge are changed to by programming：When this The discharge time of embodiment lead-acid accumulator is less than 46 timesharing, stops battery and works and start to carry out the 11st, the tenth to battery Secondary positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in Fig. 2, at ensuing the 170-179 times 36 divide when its discharge time is all 1 small in the work of circulation, but discharge capacity is begun to decline in the 180th cycle operation, and Discharge time is 45 points (corresponding discharge capacity is 756mAh) in the cycle operation of the 192nd time, trigger start battery just, Negative polarity inverts and subsequent charging or the electrically operated condition of charge and discharge, thus (is put after the 192nd circulation electric discharge work Cell voltage is 1.75V at the end of electricity), the present embodiment circuit starts to carry out the present embodiment battery the 11st, the 12nd time Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the operating process and the positive and negative electrode polarity of the 5th, the 6th time Reversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated essentially identical, and institute's difference is, after ﹣ 1.75V are reached, continues to battery With the constant current of 1031mA carry out forced electric discharge 4 it is small when (rather than 3 it is small when, it is still from ﹣ 1.75V that this process, which measures cell voltage, Drop to about ﹣ 2.12V).As a result, through the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the 11st, the 12nd time After electrically operated, the present embodiment battery discharge time in the cycle operation of the 194th time return to 1 it is small when 32 divide (corresponding capacity For 1560mAh), and in the cycle operation of the 195th time discharge time return to 1 it is small when 36 divide, and it is ensuing until 36 divide when its discharge time is all 1 small in the work of the cycle charge discharge of the 210th time when the present invention writes articles.
When originally contributing to newspapers, magazines,etc., method through this embodiment, circuit, lead-acid accumulator, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Service life has been extended more than 300%, and (operating discharge capacity is less than the 80% of rated capacity, is not counted in service life circulation Number is considered as non-productive work), the service life of the present embodiment battery is still in being extended, circuit, method through this embodiment The extended testing system of the service life of the present embodiment battery is set still to continue.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function is integrated into the composition of battery charging and instrument for repairing, battery management maintenance system or battery test system In, become battery charging and instrument for repairing, battery management maintenance system or battery test system product a part.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function is integrated into the composition of lead-acid accumulator, becomes a part for lead-acid accumulator product.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment have positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or The circuit of charging/discharging function, was not both integrated into the composition of battery charger, was not also integrated into lead-acid accumulator In composition, but the product independent as one.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method, circuit are used for the present embodiment lead-acid batteries (rated voltage 36V, rated capacity 12Ah), become the present embodiment and carry High or extension lead-acid batteries service life method, circuit, in application, the method and circuit in present embodiment are in electricity The change corresponding to battery parameter has been made in the setting and execution of the parameter values such as pressure, electric current, capacity, allowed band aspect, e.g., will Lead-acid batteries forced electric discharge makes battery voltage continue to drop to ﹣ 7V, ﹣ 10.7V, ﹣ to after battery voltage ＜ 0V Stop forced electric discharge after 12.6V, ﹣ 15.3V, forced electric discharge electric current is 0.4 multiplying power, 0.6 multiplying power, 1 multiplying power, 2 multiplying powers.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment improves or extends circuit, battery charger, method, the lead-acid accumulator of lead-acid accumulator service life Electrode current collecting body, lead plaster, lead-acid battery electrode and the lead-acid accumulator with the long life, wherein, the present embodiment circuit Have the function of by the positive and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator carry out more than 1 time polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated and Programmable functions.The present embodiment be used for improve or extend lead-acid accumulator service life circuit include control circuit unit, Memory circuit cells, input/output circuit unit, constant-current power supply circuit, constant voltage power supply circuit, electric current, tension measuring circuit, pole Sex reversal execution circuit, timing circuit, control circuit include integrated circuit, wherein control circuit unit and other circuit units It is connected, the output terminal of polarity inversion execution circuit is connected to the output terminal of the present embodiment circuit, and polarity inversion execution circuit can Realize its output terminal so as to the present embodiment circuit output by the contact open and close state transformation of the relay circuit included by it The polarity inversion of positive and negative electrode is held, its composition of the present embodiment battery charger includes the present embodiment circuit, and the present embodiment battery fills Electrical output terminal is connected with the present embodiment circuit output end, when positive and negative electrode polarity inversion occurs for the present embodiment circuit output end, So that positive and negative electrode polarity inversion also occurs for the present embodiment battery charger output terminal pole, so as to work as the present embodiment battery charger After output terminal is connected with the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, the present embodiment battery charger can pass through the polarity of its output terminal Reversion and polarity inversion after charging, charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated and to the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator carry out positive and negative electrode polarity Charging or charge and discharge after reversion, polarity inversion is electrically operated, and all operations carried out to battery of following the present embodiment, which remove, especially to be said It is bright outer manually, it is that the present embodiment battery charger passes through the present embodiment circuit and the function of the present embodiment circuit included by it And work to realize.The polarity inversion of the present embodiment battery charger output terminal is the control circuit of circuit through this embodiment Manage the contact open and close state transformation realization of the relay in control polarity reversion execution circuit.The present embodiment battery charges Device also has program setting, perform function because of the present embodiment circuit.By pure lead, (lead content is the present embodiment electrode current collecting body It is 99.994%, the same below) material is made, as shown in figure 3, be planar gate form collector, the width of the collector shape × a height of 40mm × 70mm, thickness × width of its frame 2 are 1.2mm × 1.5mm, and 3 thickness of grid thin plate in collector frame is 0.1mm, grid The distance between the even equal circular hole 4 for being provided with a diameter of 2.5mm, 4 edge of each two circular hole are 2.5mm on lattice thin plate 3.This implementation Example lead paste formula includes lead oxide powder (100% oxidizability), BaSO4(0.8%, mass percent), sulfuric acid, water, staple fiber. The present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, including the present embodiment collector and the present embodiment lead plaster, this is spread evenly across by the lead plaster Embodiment collector, makes the lead plaster plane on electrode plate surface be placed in room temperature (about 15 parallel to the jamb surface of collector DEG C) dry in the air in air obtains the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode to slightly dry, its appearance and size is wide × height × thickness for 40mm × 70mm×1.2mm.The present embodiment lead-acid accumulator includes two panels the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode, which is equivalence Electrode, i.e. it is a piece of be planar gate form electrode A, another be planar gate form electrode B, except electrode manufactures the mistake of upper generation Difference, two panels the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is in every respect (collector, lead paste formula and lead plaster quality, manufacture technology etc.) Identical, the active material quality on average every plate electrode is 12.17g, and two plate electrode is in the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Be not during work it is fixed all the time be used as negative or positive electrode, when most starting, (A is denoted as anode using electrode A as cathode, electrode B It is +/B-, the same below similarly using electrode A as anode, electrode B as being denoted as A-/B+ during cathode) carry out chemical conversion and the work of battery Make.The present embodiment improves or the method for extension lead-acid accumulator service life is：Battery charger and its journey through this embodiment Sequence set-up function, sets and performs the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge to the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode A, B It is electrically operated, then the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is devoted oneself to work use again, and make the electrode A of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator Sometimes as cathode work, sometimes as anode work, corresponding electrode B is used as anode work, is used as cathode work sometimes sometimes Make, so as to prevent or reverse electrode active material soften, come off, anode specific surface area is shunk, collector or fluid confluence burn into are blunt The problems such as change, early stage capacitance loss, irreversible sulfation, improve or extend the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator. In addition, the On The Cycle Working Process of the present embodiment battery also possessed by the present embodiment battery charger charging, discharging function Lai (all operations to battery and measurement are battery charging through this embodiment in addition to special instruction is manually below for implementation Device carries out program setting, performs realization).When it is implemented, first, battery is allowed to carry out charge and discharge cycles work, the work of battery System is：When battery is in sufficient electricity condition, discharged with the constant current of 337mA battery, as cell voltage≤1.75V When, stop electric discharge, then charged with the constant current of 201mA to it, and after measuring cell voltage and reaching 2.65V, change Continue to charge to battery into 2.65V constant pressures, 24 divide when (constant current, constant pressure) charging total time is 7 small twice, then, then with The constant current of 337mA repeats foregoing discharge process, so discharges, charges repeatedly, circulating battery is worked, cell operating conditions Temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, its continuous cycle operation number reaches a certain in above-mentioned work (what is set in the present embodiment is respectively continuous 15 when numerical value set in advance or its operating discharge capacity drop to a certain capability value It is secondary, continuous 12 times, 13 times continuous, 360mAh, 870mAh, as follows), stop the work of battery, start to carry out once battery just, Negative polarity invert and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated, after the completion of the operation, make battery under original working system after Continue work and the anode before polarity inversion is worked after polarity inversion as anode, the electricity before polarity inversion Pond anode works after polarity inversion as cathode.
By upper, initially set up by programming when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge number continuous integration is up to 15 times When, stop battery and work and start electrically operated to battery progress first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge. As shown in figure 4, in the 1-15 times cycle operation, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, is occurred at this time in electrode A Be anode electrode reaction, happens is that negative electrode reacts in electrode B, in the 1-15 time cycle operation, the present embodiment is electric The discharge capacity in pond gradually reduces, on inspection, this be primarily due to positive active material occur softening, come off caused by (with The BaSO of high-content in lead plaster4And high active substance utilization rate, electrode are related without standard cure technique, deep discharge etc., below It is similar), after the 15th electric discharge, discharge capacity 638mAh.It is automatic according to program setting, the present embodiment battery charger at this time Stop the work of battery, and the standard electrically operated to battery progress first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge Standby and formal operation, i.e. after the 15th task discharges (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), stop battery work, then To battery continue with 337mA constant current discharges 1 it is small when, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.04V, then stop electric discharge, to this Battery carries out the polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode, i.e., (charger is defeated for the polarity inversion of battery charger output terminal through this embodiment The polarity inversion of outlet is realized by the relay circuit contact open and close state transformation in charger), by charger and lead The connection status of acid accumulator is connected from charger cathode output end with lead-acid battery electrode A, charger cathode output end with Lead-acid battery electrode B connections, are changed into, and charger cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charger cathode is defeated Outlet is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, then, is charged with the constant current of 169mA to the present embodiment battery, when battery electricity After pressure reaches 1.75V, continue to charge to battery 2.65V with the constant current of 269mA, then again with 337mA constant currents to battery Discharge, to 1.75V, then, then charged to battery with the constant current of 201mA, until cell voltage reaches 2.65V and changes Constant-voltage charge is carried out to battery into 2.65V, 24 divide when the total time of charging (constant current, constant pressure) twice finally is 7 small, charge After, the battery is reentered under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system and work.So far, complete to the present embodiment The first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of battery are electrically operated, at this time the electrode condition of battery from A+/ B- is changed into A-/B+.The result shows that after first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, should Capacity is 938.2mAh during electric discharge of the battery under the 16th cycle operation state, hence it is evident that more than the 15th time.This time polarity is anti- After turning and during this preceding section of battery recovery work, the charging capacity to battery is 4477mAh.
Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, and after the 16th cycle operation, by next time Start the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or the electrically operated trigger condition of charge and discharge is set as by programming change： When the operating discharge read-around ratio of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 12 times, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery Second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in figure 4, the present embodiment battery is in its 16- In 27 cycle operations, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, happens is that negative electrode reacts in electrode A at this time, It happens is that anode electrode reacts in electrode B, in the 16-27 times cycle operation, discharge capacity is gradually decreased down from 938.2mAh 849mAh, at the end of the 27th primary cell discharges, according to program setting, triggers anti-to battery positive and negative electrode progress polarity at this time Turn and subsequent charging or the electrically operated beginning condition of charge and discharge, therefore, the present embodiment charger automatically started to battery into Second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of row and subsequent the electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. in the 27th work After discharging (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), stop battery work, it is 1 small with 337mA constant currents to continue electric discharge to battery When, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.02V, then stops electric discharge, the polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery, i.e., (polarity inversion of charger output terminal is by the relay in charger for the polarity inversion of charger output terminal through this embodiment What device circuit contact open and close state transformation was realized), the connection status of charger and lead-acid accumulator is exported from charger cathode End is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, charger cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, is changed into, and charger is just Pole output terminal is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, charger cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, then, with The constant current of 269mA carries out the present embodiment battery to charge to 2.65V, the battery is reentered the same electric discharge-fill Work under electric cycle operation system.So far, complete second of the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to the present embodiment battery and subsequent fill Electricity or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and the electrode condition of battery is changed into A+/B- from A-/B+ at this time.The result shows that through for the second time just, Negative polarity invert and subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, when electric discharge of the battery under the 28th cycle operation state, holds Measure as 680mAh, or even the 30th cycle operation discharge capacity 796mAh (this time polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Maximum discharge capacity after operation), the operating discharge capacity of the 27th time is below, this should be with filling battery after polarity inversion Electric deficiency is related, is to total charging capacity of battery during this section before working after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery 724mAh。
Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, and after the 29th cycle operation, by next time Start the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or the electrically operated trigger condition of charge and discharge is set as by programming change： When the operating discharge read-around ratio of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator reaches 13 times, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery The polarity inversion of third time positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.Such as Fig. 4, in the 28-40 times cycle operation, sheet The electrode condition of embodiment battery is A+/B-, happens is that anode electrode reacts in electrode A at this time, happens is that in electrode B negative Pole electrode reaction, when circulating battery operating discharge is to the 40th time, discharge capacity is down to 611mAh, according to program setting, touches at this time The beginning condition electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge has been sent out, then, has stopped battery Work, the present embodiment charger starts to carry out the polarity inversion of third time positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge to battery The preparation of operation and formal operation, i.e. after the 40th task discharges (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), stop battery Work, to battery with 337mA constant currents continue electric discharge 1 it is small when, this process makes cell voltage be down to ﹣ 0.05V, then stop put Electricity, to the battery carry out as the present embodiment for the first time to battery carry out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion identical operation, then, With the constant current of 200mA to the present embodiment battery after having converted electrode connection status carry out charging 45 minutes, then proceed to The constant current of 269mA charges to battery 2.65V, is then discharged again with 337mA constant currents battery, to 1.75V, so Afterwards, then with the constant current of 201mA charge to battery, until cell voltage is reached 2.65V and makes into carry out battery with 2.65V Constant-voltage charge, 24 divide when the total time of charging (constant current, constant pressure) twice finally is 7 small, after charging, make the battery again Work under into the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system.So far, the third time positive and negative electrode to the present embodiment battery is completed Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and the electrode condition of battery is changed into A-/B+ from A+/B- at this time.Knot Fruit shows, after the polarity inversion of third time positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the battery is in the 41st circulation industrial Discharge capacity in work is 533mAh, and less than the discharge capacity 611mAh in the 40th cycle operation, this is also anti-with this polarity Undercharge after turning is related, to total charging capacity of battery during this section before working after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery For first time total charge volume only 412mAh after 925mAh, especially polarity inversion.
Next make the present embodiment battery continue to run under working system, and open next time after the 41st cycle operation Beginning positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent the electrically operated trigger condition of charging or charge and discharge are set as by programming change：When this reality When applying the operating discharge capacity of a lead-acid accumulator and being less than 360mAh, stop battery and work and start to carry out battery the 4th time Positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated.As shown in figure 4, the present embodiment battery is followed at its 41-51 times In ring work, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, happens is that negative electrode reacts in electrode A at this time, electrode B On happens is that anode electrode react, when circulating battery work to the 51st time when, its operating discharge capacity drops to 354mAh, according to Program setting, triggers the beginning bar electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge at this time Part, then, the present embodiment charger are automatically stopped the work of battery, start to carry out battery the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion And subsequent charging or the electrically operated preparation of charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. (the battery electricity at this time after the 51st task discharges Press as 1.75V), stop battery work, then to battery with 337mA constant currents continue electric discharge 1 it is small when, this process makes cell voltage 0.03V is down to, then stops electric discharge, the polarity inversion operation of its positive and negative electrode, operating method and process and this are carried out to the battery Embodiment carries out the identical of second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion to battery, after the conversion of electrode connection status, with the perseverance of 169mA Electric current carries out the present embodiment battery to charge to 1.75V, then proceedes to charge to battery 4 minutes with the constant current of 269mA, then Battery is carried out with 337mA constant currents again to charge to 2.65V, it is small then to carry out charging 4 to battery with the constant voltage of 2.65V again When, then battery is carried out with the constant current of 337mAh to be discharged to 1.75V, then, then with the constant current of 201mA to battery progress Charging, until cell voltage reach 2.65V make into 2.65V to battery carry out constant-voltage charge, finally twice charging (constant current, Constant pressure) total time for 7 it is small when 24 divide, after charging, the battery is reentered the same electric discharge-charging cycle duty The lower work of degree.So far, the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the discharge and recharge behaviour to the present embodiment battery are completed Make, the electrode condition of battery is changed into A+/B- from A-/B+ at this time.The result shows that through the 4th positive and negative electrode polarity inversion And subsequent charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated after, discharge capacity of the battery under the 52nd cycle operation state go up to 920mAh, this should be opposite with the charging after polarity inversion sufficient related, this time after polarity inversion with before battery recovery work this It is that first time total charge volume after 5164mAh, especially polarity inversion is reached to total charging capacity of battery during section 3901mAh。
Next battery is made to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 4, the present embodiment battery is in 53- the 63rd time Discharge capacity in cycle operation drops to 860mAh from 1071mAh.
The specific volume of the power electric lead-acid accumulator of existing business application battery positive electrode active material under nominal operating conditions Measure as 55-61mAh/g (2h rates, 25 DEG C), the rated capacity that the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is calculated by 61mAh/g is 745mAh (according to active material quality on single electrode of foregoing the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator), if defining 100% electric discharge Continuous 3 times of discharge capacity is battery termination less than 745mAh during depth, then the discharge capacity data in Fig. 4, The electric discharge of operating discharge capacity >=745mAh before its first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion operation of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator is tired out Metering number is 11 times, i.e., battery has terminated at the end of its 14th task discharges.But through this embodiment Circuit, battery charger, lead-acid battery electrode collector, lead-acid battery electrode and positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or discharge and recharge operating method, the electric discharge cumulative number of the present embodiment battery operating discharge capacity >=745mAh are increased to 40 Secondary, i.e., service life cycle adds nearly 3 times, and it is believed that is being carried out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion per primary cell Afterwards, when the adjacent charge volume to charge several times is enough after the charging especially polarity inversion carried out to the battery, the battery is complete Discharge capacity all general >=745mAh into after each positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charge or discharge operation, so as to recover Normal work.The extension of the service life of the battery is still continuing when contributing to newspapers, magazines,etc., and circuit, method make this reality through this embodiment The extended testing system for applying the service life of a battery is still continuing.It is pointed out that the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode conduct The active material of active material utilization apparently higher than existing commercial power electric lead-acid accumulator positive electrode when cathode works is sharp With rate, thickness mainly with the present embodiment electrode, the lead oxide powder material used and collector construction are related.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the percentage composition of barium sulfate in lead plaster is reduced, on the fixed electrode of increase The mechanical force of lead plaster, the additive that increase slows down active material softening, comes off in lead plaster, other implementations or process are not Become, so that after each positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, the discharge capacity decay speed of battery Degree slows down.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, electrode current collecting body is also square hole type planar gate form collector, winding Formula grid collector, the board-like collector of flat solid, core column type collector, cystosepiment grating collector, lead cloth collector, phase It is square hole type grid plate electrode, Horizontal electrode, plate electrode or bipolar system battery electrode, tubular type or column to answer obtained electrode Formula electrode, foam electrode, lead cloth electrode.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, collector is compound collector, the core of the compound collector Material is copper, surface layer material is that pure lead thickness is 50um；The core material of another compound collector is in the present embodiment Aluminium, buffer layer material Sn, surface layer material are the metal of 100um thickness.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion operation of the present embodiment battery charger output terminal, also The switching of thyristor in the control circuit management control pole life reversion execution circuit of battery charger circuit through this embodiment State transformation is anti-to realize or control the polarity being made of in polarity inversion execution circuit transistor, inductance, capacitance by management The working status of shifting circuit is realized or inverts constant-current supply or constant voltage source in execution circuit by managing control polarity Forced electric discharge, forced charge manner of execution become brings realization, and one or more therein are realized.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, all or part of of the present embodiment circuit is incorporated into one with battery Rise, on the whole as a product.
In the other embodiment of the present embodiment, the present embodiment is improved or extended the side of lead-acid accumulator service life Method is applied to the present embodiment lead-acid batteries, and the rated voltages of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is 12V, rated capacity is 20Ah, in method implements operation, mainly makees in the setting and execution to the numerical value of the voltage in operation, electric current, capacity etc. Corresponding change, e.g., after lead-acid batteries forced electric discharge to battery voltage ＜ 0V, makes battery voltage continue to decline Stop forced electric discharge after to ﹣ 8V, ﹣ 10.8V, ﹣ 13.3V, ﹣ 15.5V, forced electric discharge electric current is 0.3 multiplying power, 0.5 multiplying power, 1 multiplying power, 2 multiplying powers.
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment improve or extend the circuit of lead-acid accumulator service life, method, lead-acid battery electrode collector, Lead-acid battery electrode and the lead-acid accumulator with the long life, with essentially identical in the embodiment of the present invention 8, institute is different Part is：The lead powder that the present embodiment electrode lead plaster uses be ball milling lead powder, it is average per plate electrode on active material quality for 13.41g, the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator are in work and positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated Part operational parameter value it is different, i.e. first, the working system of the present embodiment battery is：When battery is in sufficient electricity condition, with The constant current of 371mA discharges battery, as cell voltage≤1.75V, stops electric discharge, then with the constant current of 222mA Charge to it, and after measuring cell voltage and reaching 2.65V, be converted into continuing to charge to battery with 2.65V constant pressures, twice 24 divide when (constant current, constant pressure) charging total time is 7 small, then, then foregoing discharge process are repeated with the constant current of 371mA, such as This discharges, charges repeatedly, circulating battery is worked, and cell operating conditions temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C.Secondly, when the present embodiment plumbic acid Storage battery is when working cycles number reaches the numerical value of a certain setting in above-mentioned cycle operation, and (what is set in the present embodiment is respectively 15th time, the 31st time), stop the work of battery, start to carry out battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or Charge and discharge is electrically operated, after the completion of the operation, battery is worked under original working system and makes the electricity before polarity inversion Pond cathode is worked after polarity inversion as anode, the battery cathode before polarity inversion after polarity inversion as cathode into Row work.The two panels equivalent electrode of the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator, it is a piece of be electrode A, another be electrode B, when most starting, will Electrode A, as anode, carries out the chemical conversion and work of battery as cathode, electrode B.
By upper, initially set up when the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator operating discharge number reaches and completes the 15th time, the 31st time When, stop battery and work and start electrically operated to a battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion of progress and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.Such as Shown in Fig. 5, in the 1-15 times cycle operation, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, is occurred at this time in electrode A It is anode electrode reaction, happens is that negative electrode reacts in electrode B, in the 1-15 times cycle operation, the present embodiment battery Discharge capacity totally tend to reduce, on inspection, this is primarily due to positive material(PAM) softening, comes off caused by effect (the BaSO with high-content in lead plaster4, high active substance utilization rate, deep discharge it is related, it is similar below), in the 15th electric discharge Afterwards, discharge capacity 942mAh.The work of battery is automatically stopped according to program setting, the present embodiment circuit at this time, to battery into The polarity inversion of row first time positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated preparation of charging or charge and discharge and formal operation, i.e. in the 15th work After discharging (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), stop battery work, battery is continued small with 371mA constant current discharges 1 When, this process makes cell voltage be down to 0.04V, then stops electric discharge, the polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode is carried out to the battery, i.e., (polarity inversion of circuit output end is by the relay circuit in circuit for the polarity inversion of circuit output end through this embodiment What contact open and close state transformation was realized), by the connection status of the present embodiment circuit and lead-acid accumulator from the present embodiment circuit just Pole output terminal is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, the present embodiment circuit cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode B, is changed Change into, the present embodiment circuit cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, the present embodiment circuit anode output terminal and plumbic acid Battery terminal B connections, then, the present embodiment battery after being converted with the constant current of 186mA to connection status are charged, when After cell voltage reaches 1.75V, continue to charge to battery 2.65V with the constant current of 222mA, then again with the perseverance electricity of 2.65V Pressure carries out battery when charging 4 is small 16 to divide, and is then discharged with 371mA constant currents battery, to 1.75V, then, then with The constant current of 222mA charges battery, until cell voltage is reached 2.65V and makes into fill battery progress constant pressure with 2.65V When electricity 5 is small, after charging, the battery is reentered under the same electric discharge-charging cycle working system and work.So far, it is complete The first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of paired the present embodiment battery are electrically operated, at this time the electricity of battery Pole state is changed into A-/B+ from A+/B-.The result shows that through first time positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or fill After discharge operation, discharge capacity of the battery under the 16th cycle operation state is 888.3mAh.This time after polarity inversion with During this section it is 7031mAh to the charging capacity of battery before battery recovery cycle operation.
Next the present embodiment battery is made to continue to run under working system, as shown in figure 5, in the present embodiment battery the In 16-31 cycle operation, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A-/B+, happens is that negative electrode is anti-in electrode A at this time Should, happens is that in electrode B anode electrode react, in the 16-31 times cycle operation of the present embodiment battery, discharge capacity from 888.3mAh is changed to 905mAh, wherein, it is because at this that discharge capacity, which increases to 987.6mAh, in the circulation of the 27th task By manual intervention an overcharge having been carried out to battery before electric discharge, (i.e. 2.65V constant voltage charging times are than under moderate working system It is more 10 it is small when), the working system of other cycle-indexes is constant.At the end of the 31st cycle operation is discharged, set according to program It is fixed, the beginning condition electrically operated to the progress polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is triggered at this time, because This, the present embodiment circuit has automatically started to carry out second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge to battery Electrically operated preparation and formal operation, i.e. after the 31st task discharges (cell voltage is 1.75V at this time), this implementation Example circuit stop battery work, to battery with 371mA constant currents continue electric discharge 1 it is small when, this process is down to cell voltage 0.02V, then stop electric discharge, carry out the polarity inversion of its positive and negative electrode to the battery, i.e. circuit output end through this embodiment (polarity inversion of the present embodiment circuit output end is become by the relay circuit contact open and close state in circuit for polarity inversion Change realization), by the connection status of the present embodiment circuit and lead-acid accumulator from the present embodiment circuit anode output terminal and plumbic acid Battery terminal B connections, the present embodiment circuit cathode output end are connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, are changed into, the present embodiment electricity Road cathode output end is connected with lead-acid battery electrode A, the present embodiment circuit cathode output end and lead-acid battery electrode B connect Connect, then, the present embodiment battery after being converted with the constant current of 186mA to connection status charges 15 minutes, then the perseverance with 371mA Current versus cell carries out charging to 2.65V, then again with 2.65V constant voltages to battery charging 4 it is small when, then again with 371mA's Constant current carries out battery to be discharged to 1.75V, then, then with the constant current of 222mA battery is carried out when charging 7 is small 25 to divide, so Afterwards again with 2.65V constant voltages it is small to battery charging 7 when 25 divide, the battery is reentered the same electric discharge-charging cycle Work under working system.So far, second of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging to the present embodiment battery are completed or is filled Discharge operation, at this time the electrode condition of battery changed into A+/B- from A-/B+.The result shows that through second of positive and negative electrode pole After sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, capacity is during electric discharge of the battery under the 32nd cycle operation state 1189mAh, this should be with, to the fully charged related of battery, circulating after polarity inversion after this time polarity inversion with battery recovery It is 6659mAh to total charging capacity of battery between work.Next battery is made to continue to run under working system, such as Fig. 5 institutes Show, in the 32-41 times cycle operation, the electrode condition of the present embodiment battery is A+/B-, be happens is that just in electrode A at this time Pole electrode reaction, happens is that negative electrode reacts in electrode B, the present embodiment battery putting in the 32-41 times cycle operation Capacitance drops to 881mAh from 1189mAh.
By the specific capacity of existing commercialization power electric lead-acid accumulator battery positive electrode active material under nominal operating conditions 61mAh/g (2h rates, 25 DEG C) is calculated, and the rated capacity of the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode is 821mAh (according to foregoing reality Apply the active material mass average value of single electrode of a lead-acid accumulator), if discharge capacity when defining 100% depth of discharge Continuously three times less than 80% (657mAh) of rated capacity or rated capacity when the basis for estimation that is terminated as battery, Then as shown in figure 5, according to the discharge capacity attenuation trend line of the 1-15 times it is believed that the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator without When the polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or electrically operated charge and discharge, its service life substantially will be respectively 25 It is secondary and 36 times.But in fact, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge of the present embodiment battery through the present embodiment After electrically operated, the discharge capacity of battery is remained on rated capacity after the 41st cycle operation, on overall trend not There is decay, the service life of battery is obviously prolonged.By contributing to newspapers, magazines,etc., circuit, method make the present embodiment battery through this embodiment The extended testing system of service life still continuing.It is pointed out that the present embodiment lead-acid battery electrode works as cathode When active material utilization apparently higher than existing commercial power lead-acid storage battery positive electrode active material utilization, mainly Thickness, collector construction with the present embodiment electrode is related.
Embodiment 10
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid batteries service life, has the lead acid storage battery of long life Pond group and the electrically operated differentiation operating method of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, wherein, the present embodiment circuit It is anti-with the polarity that its positive and negative electrode more than 1 time is individually carried out to any one single battery in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Turn and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function, the circuit have polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform Circuit unit, the circuit further include control circuit unit, and control circuit unit and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack are total Line platform circuit unit connects, by the management control of control circuit unit, it can be achieved that monocell in the present embodiment battery pack The connection or disconnection of positive and negative electrode and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform circuit unit, battery pack bus are put down Platform circuit unit and the positive and negative electrode of battery pack connect.
The lead-acid batteries that the present embodiment has the long life include two lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B of equal value (equivalent cell refers to, in addition to foozle, A, all parameters of B battery are identical, similar below), the specified electricity of the battery pack Press as 2V, rated capacity is the rated capacity of a monocell in lead-acid batteries, every list in the present embodiment battery pack Battery is respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input, output terminal.
The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge-discharge cycle work under rated voltage, work by the monocell in the present embodiment battery pack A undertakes, and monocell B is in acyclic working status, when the present embodiment battery pack, namely performs the monocell A of task, its Discharge capacity decline (reason include positive material(PAM) softening, come off or negative terminal surface product shrink or irreversible sulfation, with When similarly hereinafter) to the 80% of battery pack rated capacity, the triggering set through this embodiment in circuit and executive program will be single Battery A is stopped, and is transferred to acyclic working status, and will have qualified work in acyclic working status in battery pack The monocell B for making ability is switched to cycle operation state, and battery pack is worked on based on monocell B, for by original The monocell A that cycle operation state is transferred to acyclic working status individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and thereafter Charging or charge and discharge it is electrically operated so that the ability to work of monocell A returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, make Monocell A is in acyclic working status, to be switched.
After the present embodiment battery pack is based on monocell B work a period of times, when the present embodiment battery pack, namely work is performed The monocell B of task, its discharge capacity less than the rated capacity of the present embodiment battery pack 80% when, circuit through this embodiment In the triggering that has set and executive program, the monocell B that this is in cycle operation state be stopped, and by battery pack In acyclic working status, had after its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated The monocell A for having acceptable operation ability is switched to cycle operation state, so that the present embodiment battery pack again can based on monocell A To continue cycling through work, then, it is individually carried out to the monocell B that acyclic working status is transferred to by former cycle operation state The polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, so that the ability to work of monocell B returns to qualification Ability to work, after the completion of the operation, makes monocell B be in acyclic working status, to be switched.
According to the method described above, positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge alternately are carried out to monocell A, B Operation, makes the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries be significantly improved or extended, than common lead-acid batteries Service life improve or extend up to more than 1 times.
Embodiment 11
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid batteries service life, has the lead acid storage battery of long life Pond group and the electrically operated differentiation operating method of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, wherein, the present embodiment circuit It is anti-with the polarity that its positive and negative electrode more than 1 time is individually carried out to any one single battery in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Turn and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function, the circuit have polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform Circuit unit, the circuit further include control circuit unit, and control circuit unit and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack are total Line platform circuit unit connects, by the management control of control circuit unit, it can be achieved that monocell in the present embodiment battery pack The connection or disconnection of positive and negative electrode and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform circuit unit, battery pack bus are put down Platform circuit unit and the positive and negative electrode of battery pack connect.
The present embodiment have the lead-acid batteries of long life include 7 of equal value lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, G, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and rated capacity is the rated capacity of a monocell in lead-acid batteries, Every single battery in the battery pack is respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.
The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge-discharge cycle work under rated voltage, monocell A, B, C during work in the battery pack, D, E, F are in cycle operation state, undertake the task of battery pack, and monocell G is in acyclic working status, battery pack base Cycle operation is carried out in monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, when the operating discharge capacity of battery pack drops to battery pack rated capacity The triggering set through this embodiment in circuit when 90% and executive program, in battery pack because of positive active material Soften, it is switched to acyclic work by the monocell B for the caused capacity attenuation degree maximum that comes off by cycle operation state State, and monocell G with acceptable operation ability of the original place in acyclic working status is switched to cycle operation state, with Battery pack is set to continue cycling through work based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, it is acyclic for being transferred to by former cycle operation state The monocell B of working status individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that The ability to work of monocell B returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell B is in acyclic work shape It is state, to be switched.
When battery pack is worked based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, and its operating discharge capacity drops to battery pack volume Constant volume 80% when, the triggering set through this embodiment in circuit and executive program, in battery pack because of cathode It is switched to non-by active material softening, the monocell E for the caused capacity attenuation degree maximum that comes off by working cycles state Cycle operation state, and monocell B with acceptable operation ability of the original place in acyclic working status is switched to circulation industrial Make state, so that battery pack is based on monocell A, B, C, D, F, G and can continue cycling through work, for being turned by former cycle operation state The monocell E for entering acyclic working status individually carries out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge Operation, so that the ability to work of monocell E returns to acceptable operation ability, battery pack can work when which carries out Or other states in cycle operation are in, after the completion of the operation, monocell E is in acyclic working status, to be switched.
Cycle operation is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, B, C, D, F, G, and its operating discharge capacity drops to battery Group rated capacity 65% when, in battery pack because of positive material(PAM) softening, come off caused by capacity attenuation degree most Big monocell and the monocell in acyclic working status carry out similar aforesaid operations so that battery pack is again based on six Monocell with acceptable operation ability and carry out charge-discharge cycle work, and make the monocell of capacity attenuation degree maximum then through electricity After pond positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, recover acceptable operation ability, in acyclic work shape It is state, to be switched.
According to the method described above, alternately, individually (not necessarily in order or average time) to monocell A, B, C, D, E, F Or G carries out positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, the service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Significantly improved or extended, the service life than common lead-acid batteries is improved or extended up to more than 1 times.
Embodiment 12
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid batteries service life, has the lead acid storage battery of long life Pond group and the electrically operated differentiation operating method of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, wherein, the present embodiment circuit It is anti-with the polarity that its positive and negative electrode more than 1 time is individually carried out to any one single battery in the present embodiment lead-acid batteries Turn and subsequent charging or discharge and recharge operating function, the circuit have polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform Circuit unit, the circuit further include control circuit unit, and control circuit unit and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack are total Line platform circuit unit connects, by the management control of control circuit unit, it can be achieved that monocell in the present embodiment battery pack The connection or disconnection of positive and negative electrode and polarity inversion execution circuit unit, battery pack bus platform circuit unit, battery pack bus are put down Platform circuit unit and the positive and negative electrode of battery pack connect.
The present embodiment have the long life lead-acid batteries include 12 lead-acid accumulator monocell A of equal value, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, k, L, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and rated capacity is a list in lead-acid batteries The rated capacity of battery, 12Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), every monocell in the battery pack are respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode Circuit input/output terminal.
The polarity inversion of the present embodiment positive and negative electrode and subsequent the electrically operated differentiation operating method of charging or charge and discharge are：Make this Embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge-discharge cycle work under rated voltage, monocell A during cycle operation in the battery pack, B, C, D, E, F are in cycle operation state, and monocell G, H, I, J, k, L are in acyclic working status, and battery pack is based on single electricity Pond A, B, C, D, E, F carry out cycle operation, when the operating discharge capacity of battery pack drops to the 80% of battery pack rated capacity, The triggering set through this embodiment in circuit and executive program, in battery pack because of positive material(PAM) softening, de- Fall and the larger monocell B of capacity attenuation is stopped and by cycle operation State Transferring to acyclic working status, and Monocell G with acceptable operation ability of the original place in acyclic working status is switched to cycle operation state, so that battery Group can continue cycling through work based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, for being transferred to acyclic work shape by former cycle operation state The monocell B of state individually carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that the monocell The ability to work of B returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell B is in acyclic working status, to be cut Change.
Charge-discharge cycle work is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, C, D, E, F, G, and its discharge capacity drops to battery Group rated capacity 50% when, the triggering set through this embodiment in circuit and executive program, for capacity attenuation compared with Big monocell C, D is stopped and by cycle operation State Transferring to acyclic working status, and original place is followed in non- Monocell H, I with acceptable operation ability of ring working status are switched to cycle operation state, so that battery pack is based on single electricity Pond A, E, F, G, H, I can work on, then, to be transferred to by former cycle operation state acyclic working status monocell C, D individually carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, so that the work of the monocell C, D Ability returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, monocell C, D is in acyclic working status, to be switched.
Cycle operation is carried out when battery pack is based on monocell A, E, F, G, H, I, and its discharge capacity drops to battery pack volume Constant volume 70% when, for capacity attenuation in battery pack larger monocell A, E, F, G and in acyclic working status Monocell B, C, D, J carry out similar aforesaid operations so that battery pack is again based on six monocells with acceptable operation ability And can with cycle operation, and the larger monocell of capacity attenuation then through the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or After charge and discharge is electrically operated, recover acceptable operation ability, in acyclic working status, to be switched.
According to the method described above, alternately to one or more of monocell A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L at the same time Ground (not necessarily in order or average time) carries out the polarity inversion of battery positive and negative electrode and subsequent charging or charge and discharge is electrically operated, makes The service life of the present embodiment lead-acid batteries is significantly improved or extended, and the longevity is used than common lead-acid batteries Life is improved or extended up to more than 1 times.
Embodiment 13
The present embodiment improves or extends the circuit of lead-acid batteries service life, has the lead acid storage battery of long life Pond group and the electrically operated differentiation operating method of positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, wherein, the present embodiment circuit With it is similar in the embodiment of the present invention 12.
The present embodiment have the long life lead-acid batteries include 6 lead-acid accumulator monocell A, B of equal value, C, D, E, F, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and rated capacity is the rated capacity of a monocell in lead-acid batteries, 12Ah (2h rates, 25 DEG C), every monocell in the battery pack are respectively provided with each independent positive and negative electrode circuit input/output terminal.
The differentiation electrically operated to battery pack progress positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, which operates, is：Make The present embodiment lead-acid batteries carry out charge-discharge cycle work under rated voltage, when the present embodiment battery power discharge capacity declines (reason includes positive material(PAM) softening, come off or negative terminal surface product is shunk or irreversible sulfation, the same below) is to battery When organizing the 75% of rated capacity, the triggering set through this embodiment in circuit and executive program, stop work by battery pack Make, the heavier one or more rows of decaying to discharge capacity in battery pack carry out its battery positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent Charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, and operating method is analogous to the relevant operation in other embodiments of the present invention, make the one or more single The ability to work of battery returns to acceptable operation ability, after the completion of the operation, battery pack is returned to working status.Whenever this reality When applying the discharge capacity of a battery pack and dropping to the 75% of rated capacity, aforesaid operations are repeated, make the present embodiment lead-acid accumulator The service life of group is significantly improved or extended, and the service life than common lead-acid batteries is improved or extended up to 1 More than times.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life, store applied to lead-acid accumulator or plumbic acid The charging/discharging apparatus of battery pack, lead-acid accumulator or lead-acid batteries, it is characterised in that raising or the extension lead acid storage battery The circuit of pond or battery pack service life has carries out >=1 by the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Secondary polarity inversion, polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated function of charge and discharge.
2. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life can also be in the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion or poles Before sex reversal and subsequent charging or charge and discharge are electrically operated, to the positive electrode and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries Carry out the electric discharge before polarity inversion or/and charging operations.
3. existed according to claim 1,2 raisings or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life, its feature In the raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life can be according to lead-acid accumulator or/and plumbic acids Storage battery group in charging process, in discharge process, open circuit or static condition in certain magnitude of physical quantity, quantitative value, chemical magnitude with And they changing value, one or more measurement results in calculated value and start or stop the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion, Polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge be electrically operated or polarity inversion before electric discharge or/and charging operations.
4. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 3, it is characterised in that The magnitude of physical quantity include magnitude of voltage, current value, current density value, charge value, capability value, performance number, time value, temperature value, One or more in force value, pressure values, density value, shading value, frequency values；The quantitative value includes accumulated number, odd number One or more in value, even number value, ratio value, the secondary numerical value of the charge-discharge cycle of battery or/and battery pack；The chemical magnitude Acidity value including battery or/and battery pack.
5. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or battery pack service life circuit can be to the monocell of some in battery pack, parts Monocell distinguishes operation, i.e. the raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life can be to electricity It is electrically operated that some monocell in the group of pond individually carries out the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge, or It is electrically operated that person carries out the part monocell in battery pack the positive and negative electrode polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charge and discharge.
6. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life include at least be used for directly execution to battery or/and The positive electrode and negative electrode of battery pack carry out polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or the electrically operated execution circuit list of charge and discharge Member, the execution circuit unit and the positive and negative electrode of lead-acid accumulator or/and lead-acid batteries are attached.
7. pole is according to raising described in claim 6 or extends lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life, it is characterised in that The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life may also include control circuit unit, measuring circuit list One or more in member, input circuit unit, memory circuit cells, output circuit unit, wherein, the control circuit unit It is attached with other each circuit units.
8. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 6, it is characterised in that The execution circuit unit includes thyristor, relay, contactor one or more therein.
9. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life include integrated circuit.
10. raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life, its spy are according to claim 1, The raising or extension lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life include programmable logic circuit.
CN201710166011.0A 2016-10-27 2017-03-20 Raising extends lead-acid accumulator or the circuit of battery pack service life Pending CN108011133A (en)

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CN2016109511105 2016-10-27

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019086021A1 (en) * 2017-11-05 2019-05-09 杨春晓 Method for solving problems of expanding, softening, and falling-off of positive electrode active substance of storage battery
CN112786976A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-11 天能电池集团股份有限公司 Formation method of AGM valve-controlled lead storage battery

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019086021A1 (en) * 2017-11-05 2019-05-09 杨春晓 Method for solving problems of expanding, softening, and falling-off of positive electrode active substance of storage battery
CN112786976A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-11 天能电池集团股份有限公司 Formation method of AGM valve-controlled lead storage battery
CN112786976B (en) * 2021-02-02 2022-06-21 天能电池集团股份有限公司 Formation method of AGM valve-controlled lead storage battery

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Application publication date: 20180508