WO2018166408A1

WO2018166408A1 - Device for improving or prolonging service life of lead-acid battery or battery pack

Info

Publication number: WO2018166408A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/078613
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨春晓
Original assignee: 杨春晓
Priority date: 2017-03-17
Filing date: 2018-03-09
Publication date: 2018-09-20

Abstract

A device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack. The device can realize polarity inversion of positive and negative poles of a lead-acid battery and/or a lead-acid battery pack and subsequent charging or charging-discharging operations, and is able to implement, or actually implements this operation twice or more than twice in total. The device can significantly improve or prolong the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack.

Description

Device for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack

Technical field

The present invention relates to increasing or extending the useful life of a battery or battery pack, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

Background technique

Lead-acid batteries or battery packs have been widely used for many years due to their low manufacturing cost, high cost/price ratio, safety, stability, and recyclability, and they have a leading position in the secondary battery market. However, in terms of performance, lead-acid batteries or battery packs exhibit low specific energy and short service life. At present, the specific energy of lead-acid batteries or battery packs in application is about 20-40Wh/kg, and the cycle life is about 150-1500 times, the life of the float is about 5-20 years. There are many factors that affect the service life of lead-acid batteries or battery packs. Internal factors such as active composition, crystal form, porosity, plate type and size, grid material and structure, separator type and performance, assembly pressure, electrolyte type And formula, acid density, impurities, battery consistency, etc., external factors such as discharge depth, discharge current density, charge current density, overcharge, undercharge, temperature, mechanical vibration, stress deformation, etc., summed up, the main, Common battery or battery pack failure modes that lead to lead acid battery or battery pack end-of-life include grid corrosion, positive active material softening, sulphation, water loss, early capacity loss, electrode passivation, negative surface area shrinkage, battery Poor consistency, etc. Based on these factors and failure modes, various methods, materials, equipment, facilities, accessories, etc. have been developed to increase or extend the service life of lead-acid batteries or battery packs, and the service life of lead-acid batteries or battery packs has been obtained. A certain degree of improvement or extension. However, on the other hand, the operation and development of society still requires a further, or even significant increase or extension of the service life of lead-acid batteries or battery packs at current levels.

Summary of the invention

One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, in particular by solving or improving the softening of the positive active material of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack or / Increase or extend the use of lead-acid batteries or battery packs by one or more of problems with shedding, negative surface area shrinkage, corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, and poor contact of active materials with conductive current collectors. life.

The service life includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a cycle life and a float life.

The lead-acid battery or battery pack, that is, a lead-acid battery or a lead-acid battery pack.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack provided by the present invention comprises: polarity reversal of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery group; Subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (hereinafter also referred to simply as polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations), the total number of times the operation is performed or performed is one or more times (including one time, the same below) The positive electrode and the negative electrode are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reversed in polarity, and after the polarity is reversed, the polarity is passed. The inverted electrode is charged or charged and discharged. The total cumulative number means that the lead-acid battery or battery pack occurs during the entire period of its existence or the lead-acid battery or battery pack is completed before the end of its service life and after the end of its service life. A total, total cumulative total of the polarity of the positive and negative polarities or the polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the number of subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Each of the positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations may be continuously performed discontinuously, or partially continuously and partially discontinuously performed.

The polarity of the positive or negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack includes positive (positive polarity) or negative (negative polarity) of the electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery, and the positive characteristics of the electrode generally include, at the electrode The electrode reaction occurring on the electrode is a positive electrode reaction, and the electrode potential phase is relatively high. The negative characteristic of the electrode generally includes that the electrode reaction occurring on the electrode is a negative electrode reaction and a relatively low electrode potential phase. The polarity inversion means that the polarity of the original positive electrode changes from positive to negative or/and the polarity of the original negative electrode changes from negative to positive.

The charging or charging and discharging operation is performed on the electrode whose polarity is reversed, that is, the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed and the negative electrode after the polarity is reversed is charged or charged and discharged as the negative electrode, and the polarity is reversed. The electrode which is the negative electrode before the rotation and the positive electrode after the polarity is reversed is charged or charged and discharged as the positive electrode. The former causes the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction to occur on the electrode, and the latter causes the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction to occur on the electrode.

Taking the first and second polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack as an example, the polarities of the positive and negative polarities are reversed. The subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are further described. For convenience of explanation, the original positive electrode (here also referred to as electrode A) and the original negative electrode (also referred to herein as electrode B) are referred to, and have not been subjected to any The polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is reversed and the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack during the charging or charging and discharging operation, and thus, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack are first. In the secondary polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the operation steps include, firstly, polarity reversal of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, that is, the lead-acid battery or the battery pack The polarity of the original positive electrode (electrode A) is reversed to negative, and the polarity of the original negative electrode (electrode B) is reversed to positive by negative, and then after the polarity is reversed, the pass will be passed. The polarity-reversed electrode is charged or charged and discharged, The original positive electrode (electrode A) is used as a negative electrode, and the original negative electrode (electrode B) is used as a positive electrode to charge or charge and discharge the lead-acid battery or battery pack after the secondary polarity is reversed. The charging or charging and discharging operation after the polarity inversion operation to the polarity inversion is completed, that is, the polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (at this time, the lead-acid battery or The first polarity inversion of the battery pack and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations), the polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed, including The positive electrode (electrode A) has an electrode potential that is converted from a relatively high phase to a relatively low phase, and the electrode reaction that occurs is reversed from the original lead acid battery positive electrode reaction to the lead acid battery negative electrode reaction, for the original negative electrode. (electrode B), the change is reversed.

It can be known that, based on the above-mentioned primary polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, one polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed (this is also the lead-acid battery or battery). The second polarity inversion of the group and its subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are charged or charged and discharged during the charging or charging and discharging operation after the polarity inversion of the next (second time) polarity. The positive electrode is the original positive electrode (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, and the negative electrode charged or charged and discharged is the original negative electrode (electrode B) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, this time (second time) The reverse polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include that, for the original positive electrode (electrode A), the electrode potential is converted from a relatively low phase to a relatively high phase. The electrode reaction that occurred was reversed to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery by the reaction of the negative electrode of the original lead-acid battery, and the change was reversed for the original negative electrode (electrode B). Thus, the original positive electrode (electrode A) and the original negative electrode (electrode B) were subjected to a total of two (i.e., the first and second) polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

3 or more times of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations may be based on the above 2 (first, second) polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The above-mentioned first or first, second polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed again or again, and can be performed according to the above 2 times (first time, second time) The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are analogously understood and implemented.

In the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the polarity inversion is completed faster when actually occurring on the electrode, the time is shorter, and at the critical point of the polarity inversion, The polarity of the electrode changes from the polarity of the critical end to the polarity of the other end of the critical, requiring less power, or, when passing this less charge, changing the polarity of the electrode from the critical polarity of the end. To the other end of the critical polarity, the polarity reversal is completed. Therefore, due to the small amount of electricity involved, the influence of the polarity reversal on changing electrode composition and performance is generally small or negligible. In other words, the polarity inversion mainly refers to a change in a polarity state, and the polarity inversion and subsequent charge or charge and discharge operations cause the composition of the electrode, Significant changes in performance, etc., are mainly related to the charging or charging and discharging operations after polarity reversal.

The polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include polarity reversal of the electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery, and after the polarity is reversed, the polarity is passed. The inverted electrode is subjected to an electrochemical reaction in which the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to the reverse polarity reaction of the lead acid battery, and the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed is contained therein. The lead oxide, the basic lead sulfate, and the lead sulfate are electrochemically reduced after the polarity is reversed, and the electrode which is the negative electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery after the polarity is reversed. , one or more of them.

The current in the polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations includes a direct current, a pulse current, or a combined current of a pulse and a direct current.

In the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the number of charging operations after any one polarity inversion is one or more (including one time, the same applies hereinafter).

Performing the polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include: inverting the polarities of the positive and negative electrodes and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations and The operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is interspersed and alternately performed, and when the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is in operation, the original positive electrode and the original negative electrode are in one of the following three electrode working states. : (1) The original positive electrode always operates as a positive electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as a negative electrode; (2) the original positive electrode always operates as a negative electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as a positive electrode; (3) the original positive electrode sometimes As a positive electrode, it may operate as a negative electrode. Accordingly, the original negative electrode may operate as a negative electrode or may operate as a positive electrode; the original positive electrode and the original negative electrode may have not been subjected to any of the positive electrodes. When the polarity of the negative electrode is reversed and the charging or charging/discharging operation thereafter, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack.

In any of the above operating states (1), (2), (3), the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the lead-acid battery pack between any two of its operations is reversed The number of charging or charging and discharging operations after the transfer is 0 or more (including 0 times, the same applies hereinafter).

The polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include: performing two consecutive or consecutive even times of positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging. Or a charge/discharge operation, performing one or more consecutive positive or negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, one or more of them.

For the lead-acid battery pack, the polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include separately performing the positive and negative polarity inversion on only one of the battery cells in the battery pack. And subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, or performing only the positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on some (ie, two or more) single cells in the battery pack, This is referred to as a distinction operation. The unit cell, that is, a unit cell.

The polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include operations of performing pulse charging or/and discharging; the pulse charging or/and discharging includes positive pulse, negative pulse, and positive and negative pulse mixing. One or more of pulse charging or / and discharging operations.

For the purpose of work and requirements, process, safety, etc., the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations may be in any state of charge or operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack. Directly start, start, and proceed under (including before, during, after, and after work), or perform lead-acid batteries or battery packs before the polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The discharge or/and charging operation (hereinafter referred to as discharge or/and charging operation before polarity inversion) is then started, started, and the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed. The latter case involves discharging the battery or battery pack until the voltage is reduced to 0V or 0V before and after polarity reversal, and then performing polarity reversal.

The polarity inversion of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharging or/and charging operation before the polarity inversion, and the distinguishing operation can be performed by programming.

The positive or negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack may be subjected to polarity reversal, charging or charging/discharging operation after polarity inversion or discharge or/and charging operation before polarity inversion may be based on a certain physical quantity and quantity value. Start, stop, or not operate with the results of one or more of the chemical quantities and their change values and calculated values, measurement, signal acquisition, calculation, and the like. The physical quantity value includes one of a voltage value, a current value, a current density value, a power value, a capacity value, a power value, a time value, a temperature value, a force value, a pressure value, a density value, a photometric value, and a frequency value, or a plurality of; the quantity value includes one or more of an accumulated value, an odd value, an even value, a proportional value, a battery or/and a charge and discharge cycle value of the battery; the chemical quantity includes a battery or / and the acidity value of the battery pack. The physical quantity, quantity value, and chemical quantity value include physical quantity and quantity of the battery or/and the battery pack during charging, during discharging, during cyclic operation, during floating charging operation, in an open circuit or in a resting state. Value, chemical quantity, and other physical, quantitative, and chemical quantities associated with lead-acid batteries or/and lead-acid batteries.

The charging or charging and discharging operation is performed on the polarity-reversed electrode, wherein the charging or charging and discharging power is generally 0.5 times or more of the rated capacity of the electrode.

Performing the polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and further, performing or performing the polarity inversion of the positive and negative polarities and thereafter A lead-acid battery or a battery pack for charging or charging and discharging operations, both positive and negative electrodes are positive and negative common electrodes (ie, electrodes common to positive and negative electrodes), and positive and negative common electrodes are used in the lead-acid battery or battery. In the group, it can be used as a positive electrode or as a negative electrode, or some can be used as a positive electrode, some as a negative electrode, or used as a positive electrode at a certain time during operation or use of the lead-acid battery or battery pack. When used as a negative electrode at a time, one or more of them; when forming a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, the positive and negative electrode common electrodes include, but are not limited to, the same active substance or the same active substance formula as each other. The positive and negative electrode common electrodes, the positive and negative electrode common electrodes which are equivalent to each other, and the positive and negative electrode common electrodes of the same type; the equivalent of each other means that the electrodes are formed or charged and discharged. Having or exhibiting the same function and performance in the operation or use of a lead-acid battery or battery pack, regardless of the error factor; the same positive and negative common electrodes are those that are being carried out Positive and negative electrode common electrodes which are identical to each other before being formed or charged and discharged, and which can form a positive electrode or a negative electrode after being formed or charged and discharged, which are identical to each other before being formed or charged and discharged, regardless of the manufacturing produced when the electrode is fabricated The error, two or more electrodes are identical to each other in all electrode construction, manufacturing aspects (such as electrode structure, shape, size, formulation, material, manufacturing process, etc.) before being subjected to the formation or charge and discharge operation.

The polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can be realized automatically or/and manually by a circuit having a lead-acid battery or / and the function of polarity reversal or polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack, the circuit capable or actually to be a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack The positive and negative electrodes are subjected to polarity inversion or polarity inversion and the total accumulated number of charging or charging and discharging operations is ≥1 times.

The method for implementing or implementing a charge or charge reverse operation of the positive and negative polarity reverse polarity or reverse polarity of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack includes: The battery or battery pack is reverse charged.

The method for performing reverse polarity charging of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack includes: polarity inversion and polarity of the output of the circuit connected to the lead-acid battery or battery electrode Reversing the charging or charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack to realize the polarity reversal or polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or Charge and discharge operation.

The polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are further characterized in that the starting or stopping is performed by automatic or/and manual or manual switching. Suspending the function of the circuit causes the circuit to start, stop or suspend the positive or negative polarity reversal or polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery pack and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack of the present invention or the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging Lead-acid battery or / and lead-acid battery packs for discharge operation methods, including flat grid, tubular, coiled, bipolar, horizontal lead, foam grid, column, stable Void body lead-acid battery or battery pack, also includes valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery or battery pack, colloidal lead-acid battery or battery pack, lead carbon battery battery or battery pack, supercapacitor-lead acid battery (referred to as super battery) A battery or battery pack, and a hybrid lead-acid battery pack in which these types of lead-acid batteries are mixed and connected, as well as various other types of lead-acid batteries or battery packs.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack can be applied to the repair, regeneration or production of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, a lead-acid battery or a battery pack circuit or a charge and discharge device, a lead-acid battery or a battery pack. The formation process at the time of manufacture.

The invention also provides a chemical conversion method for applying polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations in a lead-acid battery or a battery pack manufacturing process, including a positive electrode of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery group. The negative electrode is subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and the number of times the operation is performed or performed is one or more times.

Other characteristics of the polarity inversion in the formation method and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include: current, charging or working state of the lead-acid battery or battery pack before operation, before polarity reversal Of the physical quantity, the quantity value, the chemical quantity value, and the change value and the calculated value of the discharge or/and charging operation, the polarity reversal, the charge reversal after the polarity reversal, or the charge/discharge operation. One or more measurement results, discharge or/and charging operation before polarity inversion, polarity inversion, polarity inversion, and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, distinguishing operations can be performed by programming, etc., The polarity inversion described earlier in the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are the same.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack provided by the present invention, further comprising: inverting polarity of an electrode of the lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery, and after the polarity is reversed The electrode subjected to the polarity inversion is subjected to an electrochemical reaction in which the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to the polarity reversal, and then the lead acid battery negative electrode reaction is performed, and the polarity is reversed before the polarity is reversed. The lead oxide, the basic lead sulfate, and the lead sulfate contained in the electrode of the positive electrode are subjected to an electrochemical reduction reaction after the polarity is reversed, and the electrode which is a negative electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to the polarity inversion. a lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction, one or more of which is characterized in that the total cumulative number of times the method is implemented in the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery group is ≥1, the method comprising the Performing polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery, and making the total cumulative number of operations ≥1 times, the positive and negative electrodes are performed. Polarity reversal and subsequent Electrically charging or discharging operation, i.e., a positive electrode, a negative electrode polarity, and after the polarity inversion, will be charged through the electrode polarity or charge and discharge operation.

The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, which can perform the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery battery group. Reversing and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations provide technical support for the implementation of the method of the invention for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, which can perform positive and negative electrodes of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack (including automatic Or / and manually, the same as the polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the device can or actually reverse polarity of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or / and lead-acid battery The total cumulative number of subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is ≥1, and the positive and negative electrodes are reversed in polarity and then charged or charged and discharged, that is, the positive and negative electrodes are reversed in polarity. After the polarity is reversed, the electrode that has undergone the polarity inversion is charged or charged and discharged.

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack is a circuit or a charge and discharge device, and the circuit or the charge and discharge device is a management circuit of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, a charger, a charger, and a repair device. , a tester, a charge and discharger, a battery or battery management system, one of the uninterruptible power systems, or a device formed by integrating them with each other.

Performing the polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including polarity inversion of the electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery, and after the polarity is reversed, The electrode subjected to the polarity inversion is subjected to an electrochemical reaction in which the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to the reverse polarity reaction, and then the lead acid battery negative electrode reaction is performed, and the polarity is reversed before the polarity is positive. The lead oxide, the basic lead sulfate, and the lead sulfate contained in the electrode are subjected to an electrochemical reduction reaction after the polarity is reversed, and an electrode which is a negative electrode before the polarity is reversed is subjected to lead after the polarity is reversed. The acid battery positive electrode reacts, one or more of them.

Performing a polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including inverting the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations with the lead-acid battery or battery pack The work is interspersed and alternately performed, and when the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is in operation, the original positive electrode and the original negative electrode are in one of the following three electrode working states: (1) the original positive electrode Always operate as a positive electrode, the original negative electrode always operates as a negative electrode; (2) the original positive electrode always operates as a negative electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as a positive electrode; (3) the original positive electrode sometimes operates as a positive electrode, sometimes as a positive electrode The negative electrode operates, and accordingly, the original negative electrode may operate as a negative electrode or may operate as a positive electrode; the original positive electrode and the original negative electrode may have not undergone any polarity reversal of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, the lead-acid battery or the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack.

Performing a polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including before the polarity inversion or polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, on a lead-acid battery or / The discharge and/or charging operation before the polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack.

The polarity reversal of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include: performing positive or negative polarity of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery group for two consecutive or consecutive times of polarity reversal Turning on or after the charging or charging and discharging operation, performing positive or negative polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery pack, and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, wherein One or more.

Performing polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including distinguishing one of the battery cells in the battery pack and some (ie, two or more, the same below) single cells Operation, that is, the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed separately only for one of the battery cells in the battery pack, or only for some of the battery cells in the battery pack. The polarity of the negative electrode is reversed and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

Performing polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, including performing a function of pulse charging or/and discharging; the pulse charging or/and discharging includes positive pulse, negative pulse, positive and negative pulse One or more of a mixed pulse, a slow pulse charge, or/and a discharge.

Performing polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including setting according to one or more of a physical quantity, a quantity value, a chemical quantity value, and a variation value thereof and a calculated value. The measurement, the signal acquisition, and the calculation result start or stop the polarity inversion, polarity inversion, and subsequent charging or charging/discharging operations or discharge or/and charging operations before polarity inversion. The physical quantity value includes one of a voltage value, a current value, a current density value, a power value, a capacity value, a power value, a time value, a temperature value, a force value, a pressure value, a density value, a photometric value, and a frequency value, or a plurality of; the quantity value includes one or more of an accumulated value, an odd value, an even value, a proportional value, a battery or/and a charge and discharge cycle value of the battery; the chemical quantity includes a battery or / and the acidity value of the battery pack. The physical quantity, quantity value, and chemical quantity value include a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery group in a charging process, a discharging process, a circulating working process, a floating charging working process, an open circuit or a standing state. Physical quantity, quantity value, chemical quantity value and other physical quantity, quantity value and chemical quantity value related to lead-acid battery or / and lead-acid battery pack.

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack realizes or implements a method for performing polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on a lead-acid battery or a lead-acid battery battery group The method comprises: performing reverse polarity charging on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack.

The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, or implementing a method of reverse-charging a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery pack includes connecting to the lead-acid battery or the battery electrode Realizing the polarity of the output of the device and the charging or charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery after the polarity is reversed to realize or implement the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery Polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

The means for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack has all of the functions of implementing or implementing the method of the present invention for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack includes at least a power circuit unit and a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and an output end of the power circuit unit is coupled to an input end of the polarity inversion execution circuit unit In connection, the polarity inversion execution circuit unit can invert the polarity of its own output voltage. The manner in which the polarity inversion execution circuit unit realizes polarity inversion of its output power or electric signal includes, but is not limited to, opening of a contact of a relay or a contactor included in the circuit unit by the polarity inversion execution. The closed state transition is implemented by the on/off state transition of the transistor included in the polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and the transistor, the inductor, and the capacitor included in the circuit unit are executed by the polarity inversion. The operating state transition of the configured polarity inversion circuit or the phase change circuit is implemented by, and by the conversion of the operating states of the other inverter circuits or the phase change circuits included in the polarity inversion execution circuit unit, one of or A variety.

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, in addition to the power supply circuit unit and the polarity reversal execution circuit unit, may further include a control circuit unit, an auxiliary power supply circuit unit, an isolation/drive circuit unit, Signal acquisition circuit unit, input circuit unit, output circuit unit, storage circuit unit, battery identification circuit unit, battery identification circuit unit, battery group bus platform circuit unit, grid noise filter circuit unit, human/machine interaction circuit unit, upper position Machine, reverse connection protection circuit, one or more of them.

The auxiliary power supply circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, and the control circuit unit is connected to the power supply circuit unit and the polarity inversion execution circuit unit through the isolation/drive circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit and the polarity inversion execution are performed. The circuit unit is connected, the signal acquisition circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, the control circuit unit and the storage circuit unit, the battery identity circuit unit, the battery identification circuit unit, the battery group bus platform circuit unit, and the human/machine interaction circuit The unit and the upper computer are connected or connected by an isolation/drive circuit unit, and the grid noise filter circuit unit is connected to the input circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit, and the reverse connection protection circuit is connected to the output circuit unit.

The power circuit unit includes one or more of a current source, a voltage source, and a pulse circuit unit; the polarity inversion execution circuit unit includes a relay, another inverter circuit, or a phase change circuit, one or more of The control circuit unit includes one or more of a single chip microcomputer, a programmable logic circuit, and an analog integrated circuit.

The auxiliary power supply circuit unit is used to supply power to the control circuit unit.

The control circuit unit provides output information to other connected circuit units according to its internal settings and the received input signals, thereby implementing management, control, and decision on functions, actions, or behaviors of other circuit units. coordination.

The isolation/drive circuit unit is used to isolate or/and drive.

The input circuit unit is configured to provide an interface or information processing for the information of the circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, and to transmit the input information and the power to the control circuit unit or the storage circuit. Unit or power circuit unit, etc.

The output circuit unit is configured to provide an output interface for output power and output information from a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, a control circuit unit, or other circuit unit, or to output power and information.

The signal acquisition circuit unit is configured to measure, collect physical, quantity, chemical signals or information related to the battery or/and the battery pack, and feed back the measured, collected signal or information result to the control circuit.

The storage circuit unit is for storing information.

The battery identification circuit is used to identify the unique identity of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, including generating, distributing, storing or outputting, so that different lead-acid batteries or battery packs can be distinguished from each other. Come.

The battery identification circuit is used to identify, determine, confirm, and output the identity of the lead-acid battery or battery pack.

The function of the battery unit platform circuit unit is to realize the connection or disconnection between the positive and negative output terminals of the battery pack and the positive and negative terminals of the battery cells in the battery pack, and the circuit unit is mainly used for performing the pole in a differentiated operation manner. A lead-acid battery pack that performs sexual reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

The reverse connection protection circuit is used to ensure that the device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is not connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack. The connection caused the device to be damaged or not working properly.

The device for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack has a function of pulsing charging and/or discharging a lead-acid battery or a battery pack; the pulse charging or/and discharging includes positive pulse, negative pulse, positive and negative One or more of a pulse mixing pulse, a slow pulse charging or/and a discharge; the period of the pulse is from 1 microsecond to ∞ (infinity);

All or part of the device for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack may be integrated with other devices; the other device includes a circuit system for removing or preventing sulfation of a lead-acid battery, and a fluid replacement device In one or more of the above, the rehydration device can replenish the lead-acid battery or the battery pack by manually or/and automatically and stop the replenishing liquid, and the replenishing liquid is one of water, sulfuric acid solution and additive solution. Or a variety.

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack has an inverse polarity of a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery group by an automatic or/and manual manner, starting, stopping, and suspending. The function of turning or polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

The means for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack is also used to increase or extend the storage life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack can be applied to other types of secondary batteries or battery packs other than lead-acid batteries or battery packs.

Beneficial effect

It can be seen that the reaction products after the discharge of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are all PbSO ₄ , and the product PbSO ₄ is converted into the positive electrode active material PbO ₂ and the negative electrode active material Pb after being charged; the original positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is used as the negative electrode, and the original negative electrode is used as the negative electrode. The positive electrode charges the battery to cause the negative electrode reaction to occur on the original positive electrode. The positive electrode reaction occurs on the original negative electrode, and the discharge product PbSO _{4 of} the original positive electrode can be converted into the negative electrode active material Pb. Similarly, the discharge of the original negative electrode The product PbSO ₄ can be converted into the positive electrode active material PbO ₂ , that is, the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes can be reversed, and since the electrode reaction in the electrode reaction formulas (1) and (2) is reversible, the original positive electrode of the lead-acid battery The polarity reversal with the original negative electrode is also reversible. In addition, the original positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is used as the negative electrode, and the original negative electrode is used as the positive electrode to charge the battery. It may even cause PbO ₂ on the original positive electrode to directly convert to Pb, and Pb on the original negative electrode directly to PbO _{2 .} The conversion thus completes the reversible polarity reversal between the original positive electrode of the lead-acid battery and the original negative electrode.

It is also known that a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery are characterized in that, as the number of repetitions of charge and discharge increases, the bonding between the active material PbO ₂ particles on the positive electrode gradually relaxes and detaches from each other, so that the positive electrode active material Expanding, loosening, softening, and falling off; as the number of repetitions of charge and discharge increases, the active material Pb particles on the negative electrode tend to be combined with each other, so that the specific surface area of the negative electrode shrinks and is knotted. When the polarity of the original positive electrode and the original negative electrode of the lead-acid battery is reversed, and the charging or charging/discharging operation after the polarity inversion is performed, charging or charging of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the original positive electrode. During the discharge process and the charging or charging and discharging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the original negative electrode, the detachment of the active material particles caused by the softening and falling off of the active material PbO ₂ particles on the original positive electrode of the lead-acid battery can be The reverse reaction is obtained by reacting the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. Similarly, the specific surface area shrinkage of the active material caused by the combination of the active material Pb particles on the original negative electrode of the lead-acid battery can be reversed by the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery. , that is, the softening and shedding effect of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery, and the specific surface area shrinkage effect of the negative electrode, can be reversible or reversed by the electrode reaction (1), (2), or the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery are Polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can reverse or improve the lead-acid battery Softening or/and shedding of the polar active material and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode.

According to the two reversible characteristics of the above-mentioned lead-acid battery, the polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present invention are used to select an appropriate charging and discharging system (different charging and discharging systems are active for electrodes or electrodes by electrode reaction) The physical and chemical structure and properties of the substance have different effects and changes, and the aging and energy efficiency are also different. With or without the use of additives, the active material particles are separated from each other and reacted with the negative electrode. The resulting active material particles are combined with each other, reversed or canceled each other, which can greatly improve or even eliminate the softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery and the shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, thereby significantly improving the service life of the lead-acid battery. Theoretically, if it can solve the softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, the specific surface area shrinkage of the negative electrode, and the failure mode in addition to the softening or/and shedding of the positive electrode active material and the shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, The service life of the battery or battery pack caused by other failure modes is known, and the service life of the lead-acid battery and the lead-acid battery pack may even be infinitely long or extremely long.

In addition, the polarity inversion of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can also improve problems such as electrode/sink/catch corrosion, early capacity loss, electrode passivation, poor contact of active material and current collector, and the like. , repair, eliminate, reverse, suppress, prevent, enhance the battery's ability to resist overcharge damage, replace or reduce the need for overcharging of the battery to avoid or reduce battery water loss caused by overcharge, electrode potential during operation, and electrode Changes in environmental conditions will also eliminate, reverse or improve, repair the sulphation, enhance the battery's ability to resist under-charge and over-discharge damage, and thus help to significantly improve the service life of lead-acid batteries and battery packs.

The polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are also beneficial to solve the problem that the electrode active material and the electrode current collector which are generated during the charging, discharging or use of the lead-acid battery are separated by the electrochemical reaction process, Poor contact.

Performing a distinguishing operation on the single cells in the lead-acid battery pack, that is, separately performing the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations for each of the single cells and some of the single cells in the battery pack. It is beneficial to increase or prolong the service life of the single battery in the battery pack, maintain and adjust the consistency of the mutual capacity between the single batteries in the battery pack, thereby improving the service life of the lead-acid battery pack at a lower cost.

A lead-acid battery or a lead-acid battery pack, when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrodes common to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the production and recovery thereof are characterized by higher efficiency and lower cost, and the polarity reversal of the present invention is performed. Subsequent charging or discharging operations can increase or prolong the service life, and the technical solutions of the electrodes common to the positive and negative electrodes can be implemented to make them practical.

Performing the polarity inversion of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations by the circuit is advantageous for improving or realizing the efficiency, accuracy, convenience, practicability, effectiveness, feasibility, and the like of the operation.

The polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations also contribute to solving (including repairing, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, preventing) or improving the chemical or electrochemical reaction process in other lead-acid batteries. Related issues affecting the service life of lead-acid batteries.

In addition, when the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are applied to the chemical conversion process, it is advantageous to alleviate or avoid the overcharge process in the conventional lead-acid battery formation process for the lead-acid battery or the battery pack. The negative impact of the life cycle, improve the utilization rate of the active material of the lead-acid battery, and thus the initial capacity of the battery or the battery pack, ensure the positive electrode with the positive and negative electrodes, and perform the polarity reverse in the cyclic charging and discharging operation multiple times. The cycle charge and discharge performance of the lead-acid battery or battery pack after the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is symmetrical before and after each polarity inversion. The polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations also contribute to improving the utilization rate of the active material in the lead-acid battery or the battery pack during the cycle operation, thereby the capacity of the battery or the battery pack during use.

The device of the invention can realize the discharge or/and charging operation, the polarity reversal, the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging before the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery. The discharge operation, thereby enabling the method of the present invention to increase or prolong the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack, and the method of forming the present invention.

In summary, the method and device of the present invention can significantly increase or prolong the service life and capacity of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage data of a lead-acid battery in a cycle charge and discharge operation according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a data diagram showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage of the lead-acid battery in the cycle charging and discharging operation of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a thirteenth, twelfth positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging of a lead-acid battery according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention during the 189-196th cycle charge and discharge operation process and during the process. Current and voltage data during charging and discharging operations.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage of the lead-acid battery in the cycle charging and discharging operation of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation of the embodiment 9 of the present invention interspersed during the cyclic charging and discharging operation of the tubular lead acid battery.

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage data of the cyclic charge and discharge operation of the lead-acid battery according to the embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the structure of an electrode current collector of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an embodiment 11 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage data of the cycle charge and discharge operation of the lead-acid battery according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage of the lead-acid battery in the cycle charge and discharge operation of the embodiment 12 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage data of the lead-acid battery in the cycle charge and discharge operation of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a graph showing the working discharge capacity and the working discharge termination voltage data of the lead-acid battery pack in the cycle charge and discharge operation of the embodiment 14 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery pack according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention during the 23-28th cycle charging and discharging operation process and during the process. Current and voltage data plots.

Figure 13 is a block diagram showing the block structure of an apparatus for increasing or lengthening the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to Embodiment 23 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a view showing the configuration of a relay included in the polarity inversion execution circuit unit of the embodiment 23 of the present invention.

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an inverter circuit included in a polarity inversion execution circuit unit of Embodiment 23 of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a block diagram showing the block configuration of an apparatus for increasing or lengthening the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to Embodiment 24 of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a block diagram showing the block configuration of an apparatus for increasing or lengthening the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

1: ear

2: Current collector border

3: Grid sheet

4: round hole

5, 6: input

7: Routing Movies

8: contact or connection point

9-12: Conductive path

13, 14: output

W1: The total charge of the tubular lead-acid battery is 1-304 cycles of charge and discharge.

W2: The tubular lead-acid battery has accumulated 305-652 cycles of charge and discharge.

W3: The tubular lead-acid battery has accumulated 653-751 cycles of charge and discharge.

W4: The total volume of tubular lead-acid batteries is 752-774 cycles of charge and discharge.

R1: The first phase of the tubular lead-acid battery has two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

R2: The second phase of the tubular lead-acid battery has two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

R3: The third phase of the tubular lead-acid battery has two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

detailed description

The technical content, features and effects of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment is a charge and discharge device, which is a battery repair device or a battery charger. The function of the charging and discharging device of the embodiment can fully realize all the operations performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment as described below, and provide the technology for implementing the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present invention. stand by.

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a planar grid-type lead-acid battery, and the rated capacity is 2.32 Ah (2 h rate, 25 ° C), the rated voltage is 2 V, and the cycle charging and discharging work (referred to as cyclic work, the same below) system is: It is charged at a constant current of 0.2 times (rated capacity, the same below). When the voltage reaches 2.65V, it is charged at 2.65V constant voltage. The total time of two charging is 6 hours and 24 minutes, then 2h rate, 80%DOD ( After the discharge depth is discharged, the above charging and discharging processes are repeated, that is, the above charging and discharging cycles are performed, and the working environment temperature is 25 ± 1 °C. In the battery charging and discharging operation and the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the battery in the present embodiment, factors such as loss of liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure, etc. are eliminated or prevented, and the implementation process and implementation of the embodiment are performed. The interference of the results.

When the remaining capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment (the amount of electricity that can be discharged by the battery according to the working discharge system, the same applies hereinafter) is 7.3% of its rated capacity (it is checked that the positive electrode active material softens and falls off, and the discharge capacity of the battery of the present embodiment is attenuated. ), the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present invention and the following charging or charging and discharging operations are started (for the sake of clarity, the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are sequentially named as electrode group A, electrode Group B, the same as below), includes the following steps:

1) Discharge and the first polarity reversal: stop the operation of the battery (at this time, the battery is in the constant voltage charging phase during operation), and use a charge and discharge device to apply a current of 0.5 times (1164 mA) to the lead-acid battery of this embodiment. Perform forced discharge to reduce the battery voltage from 2.65V when the battery stops working to 0V, and finally drop to -0.073V, stop discharging, then let stand for 30min (minutes, the same below), and proceed to the next step;

2) After the first polarity inversion, the transfer electrode is connected: the positive electrode of the charge and discharge device is connected to the original negative electrode (electrode group B) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the negative electrode of the charge and discharge device is connected to the present embodiment. The original positive electrode (electrode group A) of the lead-acid battery is connected, and the next step is performed;

3) Charging: The lead-acid battery of this embodiment is completed by the current of 0.2 times (465.3 mA). When the battery voltage reaches 1.75V, the charging takes 547 minutes, the charging is stopped, and then the next step is performed. ;

4) Discharge and the second polarity reversal: At the same time as stopping the previous step, the battery at this time starts to forcibly discharge at the current of 0.5 times until the battery voltage drops to 0V and finally reaches -0.08V, and the discharge consumption At 9 s, stop discharging, and let stand for 30 min, then carry out a step;

5) After the second polarity inversion, the transfer electrode is connected: the positive electrode of the charge and discharge device is connected to the original positive electrode (electrode group A) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the negative electrode of the charge and discharge device is connected to the present embodiment. The original negative electrode (electrode group B) of the lead-acid battery is connected to prepare for the next step of charging or charging and discharging;

6) Charging: The lead-acid battery of this embodiment after the completion of the fifth step is charged at a current of 0.2 times, and the charging is terminated when the voltage reaches 1.75 V.

When step 6) is completed, the battery is simultaneously put into operation and charged and discharged in the same working system. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment has a significant recovery of the working discharge capacity after the above two consecutive polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, due to the lead acid of the present embodiment. The discharge capacity attenuation of the battery is caused by the softening and falling off of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, the result indicates that the polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation soften and fall off the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. The situation or extent is significantly reversed. Accordingly, if the amount of charge of the battery of the embodiment is relatively larger in step 3) of the embodiment (for example, a larger charging current, a longer charging time), it will be advantageous to make the original positive electrode (electrode of the battery of the embodiment). The softening and shedding of the active substance of group A) is more reversed and restored.

Table 1

	占额定容量的比例％% of rated capacity
操作前，电池剩余容量Battery remaining capacity before operation	7.37.3
2次极性反转及其后的充电或充放电操作后，电池第一次工作放电容量After the second polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the first working discharge capacity of the battery	24.924.9
2次极性反转及其后的充电或充放电操作后，电池第二次工作放电容量After the second polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the second working discharge capacity of the battery	31.731.7

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the battery in which the polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method of the present invention are implemented may also be a tubular lead-acid battery, a wound lead-acid battery, and a double. Polar lead-acid battery, horizontal lead-lead lead-acid battery, foam grid-type lead-acid battery, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery, colloidal lead-acid battery, lead carbon battery, supercapacitor-lead acid battery, column lead acid a battery, a lead-acid battery having a stable gap body; the polarity reversal of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can also be started when the remaining capacity of the battery is 50%, 90%, 100% of the rated capacity; When the battery stops working, the voltage is not only 2.65V, but also any other possible voltage, such as 2.8V, 2V, 1.75V, 0.5V, 0V; when the battery is stopped, the battery can be in other stages of operation. a constant current discharge phase or a constant current charging phase; the basis for starting or stopping the polarity inversion of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations may also be other physical magnitudes or/and chemical magnitudes or/and quantities , including voltage value, current value, current density value, electricity value, power value, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure value, density value, photometric value, frequency value, cumulative value, odd value, even value, proportional value One or more of the value of the charge or discharge or charge and discharge cycle number of the battery or/and the battery pack, the battery or/and the acidity value of the battery pack.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, the discharge current in step 1) is a current having an absolute value greater than 0, such as a current of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 times; the discharge can also be performed in stages and each stage The discharge current value is not necessarily the same; the discharge stop voltage can be 0V, or other voltages, such as 0.5, 0.2, -0.3, -1.7V, -2.33, -2.8V, etc.; can also be added to the charging phase, that is, After a certain period of discharge, the battery is charged for more than one stage, and then discharged after charging. The number of cycles of discharge, charge, discharge, and the like is not limited. After the charge and discharge cycle, the polarity is reversed. .

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the charging or charging and discharging operation in step 1) is not necessarily based on voltage, but may be other physical quantities or/and chemical quantities or/and quantity values, including voltage values and currents. Value, current density value, electricity value, power value, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure value, density value, photometric value, frequency value, cumulative value, odd value, even value, ratio value, battery or / and battery One or more of the set of charging or discharging or charging and discharging cycle values, the battery or/and the acidity value of the battery.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the discharging step in step 1) can be omitted, that is, after the operation of the battery is stopped, step 2) is directly performed.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the connection transformation in step 2) and step 5) may also be implemented by an automatic function of the device, device or circuit without manual operation.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, the charging current in step 3) is a current having an absolute value greater than 0, such as a current of 0.01, 0.2, 1.1, 3.5, 5.3, 10 times; charging can also be performed in stages and each segment The charging current value is not necessarily the same; the charging stop voltage is not necessarily 1.75V, and may be other voltages, such as; 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.44, 2.65, 2.8V, etc.; Charging amount and time;

In other embodiments of this embodiment, the discharge current in step 4) is a current having an absolute value greater than 0, such as a current of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10.3 times; the discharge can also be performed in stages and each stage The discharge current value is not necessarily the same; the discharge phase can also be added to the charging phase, that is, after a certain period of discharge, the battery is charged for more than one stage, and then discharged after charging, such discharge, charging, discharging, and the like. The number of cycles is not limited. After the charge and discharge cycle, the polarity is reversed.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, the discharging operation of step 4) may not be performed, but the step 5) may be directly entered after the end of charging in step 3).

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the charging or charging/discharging operation in step 3 or step 4) is not necessarily based on voltage, but may be other physical quantities or/and chemical quantities or/and quantity values, including Voltage value, current value, current density value, electricity value, capacity value, power value, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure value, density value, photometric value, frequency value, cumulative value, odd value, even value, ratio The value, the battery or/and one or more of the charge or discharge or charge and discharge cycle value of the battery pack, the battery or/and the acidity value of the battery pack.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, the charging current in step 6) is a current having an absolute value greater than 0, such as a current of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 times; charging can also be performed in stages and in each segment. The charging current value is not necessarily the same; the charging stop voltage is not necessarily 1.75V, and may be other voltages, such as; 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.4, 2.65, 2.78V, etc.; the charging phase can also be added to the discharge phase. That is, after charging for a certain period of time, the battery is discharged for more than one stage, and then charged after discharging. The number of cycles of charging, discharging, charging, discharging, and the like is not limited. After the charging and discharging cycle, the battery is again charged. Transfer to work or quasi-work.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, after the operation of step 6) is completed, the operations of steps 1)-6) (i.e., steps 1) to 6) are continued one or more times, the following similarities) Then, the battery operation is performed one or more times, and the one or more steps 1) to 6) and the one or more times of the battery operation may be performed alternately and cyclically with each other, and the number of cycles is ≥1. . In this way, the original positive electrode of the battery is always operated as the positive electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as the negative electrode.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, after the operation of step 6) is completed, the 1)-3) step operation or the 1)-6) step operation is performed once more than 1 time 1)- 3) Step operation, and then perform more than one battery operation, the 1)-1)-3) step operation or 1 or more 1)-6) step operation plus 1 time 1)-3) step operation and The one or more battery operations may be performed alternately and cyclically with each other, and the number of cycles is ≥1. In this way, the original positive electrode of the battery is always operated as a negative electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as a positive electrode.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, after the battery completes the operation of step 6), the battery is operated more than once, the 1)-6) step is performed once or more, and the 1)-3) step is performed once. Or 1)-6) step operation plus 1 time 1)-3) step operation is carried out in turn, cyclically, the order of rotation is not limited, the number of cycles is ≥1, so that the original positive electrode of the battery is sometimes used as the positive electrode. The operation may be performed as a negative electrode. Accordingly, the original negative electrode of the battery may operate as a negative electrode, and may operate as a positive electrode.

In another embodiment of the present embodiment, the battery operation is performed once or more, 1)-6) steps are performed once or more, 1)-3) steps are performed once, or 1)-6 is performed once or more Step operation plus 1) 1) -3) The basis for switching between any two of the steps is the physical quantity or / and the quantity value or / and the chemical quantity value, including the voltage value, current value, current density Value, power value, power value, time value, temperature value, force value, pressure value, density value, photometric value, frequency value, cumulative value, odd value, even value, ratio value, battery or / and battery pack charging or One or more of the value of the discharge or charge cycle number, the battery or/and the acidity value of the battery.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, one or more of the above physical quantity, quantity value, chemical quantity value, and their change value and calculated value include the battery during charging, during discharge, open circuit or static The physical quantity, quantity value, or chemical quantity value in the state.

In other embodiments of this embodiment, in the operations of steps 1) to 6) above, other operations such as adjusting the temperature of the battery, adding acid to the battery, adding an additive, adding water, pressurizing, etc., may be performed simultaneously.

The charge and discharge current used in this embodiment is direct current. In other embodiments of the embodiment, the charge and discharge current used may also be a pulse current flow or a combined current of a pulse charge current and a direct current.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, in the operations of steps 1) and 4), the rest time may be other time lengths, and the rest time may also be 0;

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the operations of steps 1)-6) above may be performed by programming.

The above operation of the present example can improve and reverse the softening and falling off of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery, and can improve, repair, improve and restore the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery, thereby increasing or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery.

Example 2

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack in the present embodiment is a charge and discharge device, which is a battery or battery tester or a battery or battery pack charger. The function of the charging and discharging device of the embodiment can fully realize all the operations performed on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment as described below, and is a method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present invention. Implementation provides technical support.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack in the present embodiment is when the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment is softened or/and detached due to the positive active material, the specific surface area of the negative electrode is shrunk, the electrode is passivated, and the corrosion is early. Loss of capacity, sulphation, failure of one or more failure modes or problems in contact with active material and current collector, resulting in a decrease in the operating discharge capacity of the battery or battery pack, or when it is necessary to prevent or mitigate the above seven failure modes Or when the problem damages the working ability of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, or when the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment reaches a certain cycle number or float time, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment Carrying out the following polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, performing step (1): performing reverse polarity charging on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment, so that the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment is original. The polarity of the positive electrode (defined herein as electrode A) is reversed to negative, and the polarity of the original negative electrode (defined herein as electrode B) is The negative is reversed to positive; then step (2) is performed: charging or charging and discharging the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment after the polarity is reversed, so that the original positive electrode (electrode A of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack) The reaction of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the original negative electrode (electrode B). If the capacity of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is reduced or the degree of failure is large, the charging of the step may be relatively increased. The total amount of charge and discharge; then proceeding to step (3): re-charging the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment again, so that the polarity of the original positive electrode (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment is negative. The polarity of the negative electrode (electrode B) that is reversed to be positive is reversed from negative to negative; then step (4) is performed: the lead-acid battery or battery of this embodiment after the polarity is reversed in step (3) The group performs charging or charging and discharging, so that the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the original positive electrode (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment, and the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the original negative electrode (electrode B), and finally In this embodiment, the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is fully charged. Thus, the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations performed by the above two consecutive times in this embodiment, the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present example. One or more failure modes or problems of softening or/and shedding of active material, shrinkage of specific surface area of the anode, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of active material and current collector, improvement, mitigation, Repairing, reversing, or preventing, so that the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment is improved, restored, improved, or maintained, and then the lead-acid battery or battery pack of the embodiment is put into its normal circulation or floating charge. Go to normal use during work. In the above step (4) of the embodiment, the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment in which the polarity of the step (3) is reversed may be directly put into a charging cycle of a normal circulation or floating charging operation, and Next, run and work under its normal cycle or floating charge system. The above-described two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment can be carried out with reference to or similar to the operation method or system in the first embodiment of the present invention.

The above-described two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment are repeatedly or interspersed during use or use of the lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present embodiment. After the end of life, the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment is improved or prolonged.

In this embodiment, the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment is reversed and then charged or charged and discharged, so that the original positive electrode (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment occurs. The negative electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts, which causes the active material on the original positive electrode (electrode A) to be softened and detached, which is improved, reversed or removed. In addition, the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery is reacted on the original positive electrode (electrode A). Simultaneously or in the same process occurring or in the same process, the charging or charging and discharging operation of the original positive electrode (electrode A) on the original positive electrode (electrode A) or performing the reverse polarity reaction of the lead-acid battery negative electrode also makes the original a corrosion product, a corrosion film or a blunt formed or formed by a lead oxide, a basic lead sulfate, a lead sulfate or the like between the current collector and the active material, between the active material particles, inside the electrode or on the surface of the electrode (electrode A) The film, the corrosion layer or the passivation layer is partially or completely reduced to metal lead, and the parts on the electrode form a good contact, bond or connection, and the density of the active material rises. The problem of corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, contact of the active material with the current collector or poor bonding on the original positive electrode (electrode A) is improved, reversed, removed or prevented; this embodiment passes For the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment, the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed, so that the lead-acid battery of the lead-acid battery or the original negative electrode (electrode B) of the battery pack of the present embodiment occurs. The positive electrode reacts, which causes the active material on the original negative electrode (electrode B) to expand to a certain extent, thereby alleviating, improving, reversing or preventing the original negative electrode (electrode B) that has occurred or is about to occur to some extent. The problem of shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, and the reaction of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurring on the original negative electrode (electrode B), during the occurrence or progress thereof, also changes and affects the expansion agent in the original negative electrode (electrode B) or The adsorption capacity and adsorption state of the additive, the electrochemical process of changing the conversion of lead sulfate, the electrode potential, the overpotential, etc. Related factors, such that the original anode (electrode B) sulfation problem has already occurred or will occur in the obtained some relief, improvement, reversal or prevention.

Example 3

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in this embodiment is a charge and discharge device, which is a battery pack repair device or a battery pack charger. The function of the charging and discharging device of the embodiment can fully realize all the operations performed on the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment as described below, and provide the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present invention. Technical Support.

The steps and operations of performing the polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present invention on the lead-acid battery pack (the 2h rate rated capacity is 2Ah, the rated voltage is 4V, 25° C.) The steps and operations performed on the battery in Embodiment 1 are basically the same, except that in the operation of this embodiment, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or discharging operations are applied to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery pack. And negative electrode.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the charge stop voltage after each polarity inversion is 3.0V or 4.5V.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations may be performed on a certain battery cell or some single cells in the battery pack, including the steps of charging and discharging. The device is only turned on with one or some of the single cells and performs polarity inversion as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Correspondingly, the battery pack has a circuit structure in which each of the single cells or some of the single cells and the charge and discharge circuits in the charge and discharge device are independently connected.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations in Embodiment 1 of the present invention may also be performed after operating one or some of the battery cells in the battery pack. Then, the lead-acid battery pack is operated as a whole, or the order of operations is reversed.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the above-described operations of the embodiment are performed by programming.

Example 4

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is a charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is a charging device. The function of the charging device of the embodiment can fully realize the following All operations performed by the lead-acid battery or battery pack of the embodiment provide technical support for the implementation of the lead-acid battery or battery pack forming method of the present invention.

The present embodiment relates to a process for converting the polarity inversion of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method for the production of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, including, after the battery or the battery pack is acidified, The formed battery or the battery or battery pack which has undergone a certain formation process is subjected to the polarity inversion as described in

Embodiment

1 or 3 of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation steps.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation methods are used in a chemical conversion process in the production of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, including, after the battery or the battery pack is acidated, Performing the polarity inversion of any of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or/and the lead-acid battery pack as described in

Embodiment

1 or 3 of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation steps, and making the pole The sum of the number of charging operations and the number of discharging operations after the sexual reversal is 1 or 3 or 9 times, and then the original positive electrode of the battery or the battery pack is always used as the negative electrode, and the original negative electrode is always used as the positive electrode. In the present embodiment, the polarity inversion performed and the subsequent charging or charging/discharging operation are the same as those of the polarity inversion described in the above embodiment of the present embodiment and the subsequent charging or discharging operation.

Example 5

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack in the embodiment is a charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is a battery repairing regenering device, and the function of the battery repairing regenering device of the embodiment can be completely realized. All of the operations performed on the lead-acid battery or battery pack of this embodiment as described below provide technical support for the implementation of the method of increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present invention.

This embodiment relates to the use of the polarity inversion of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method for the repair or regeneration of a lead-acid battery or battery pack, including: according to the

embodiment

1, 2 or 3 of the present invention The polarity inversion described above and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed to repair or regenerate the lead-acid battery or battery pack.

Example 6

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is a charge and discharge device, and the charge and discharge device is a battery charge and discharge device. The function of the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment can fully realize the following All the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment provide technical support for the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present invention.

The embodiment relates to a method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery, a battery charge and discharge device and a lead-acid battery, wherein the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment is based on a current source circuit, a voltage source circuit and a forced charge or / and the forced discharge function, the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can be performed. All the operations of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment in the following embodiments are realized by the function and operation of the battery charge and discharge device of the present embodiment, except that the manual operation is specifically described. The battery charge and discharge device of this embodiment has a setting according to the setting. The function that the program performs. The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a flat grid type lead-acid battery, the rated capacity is 1.77 Ah (2h rate, 25 ° C), the rated voltage is 2V, and the structure of the positive plate is sandwiched between two negative plates, positive and negative. The separator between the separators is an AGM separator. The total capacity of the anode plate is relatively excess in the total capacity of the positive plate. The thickness of the positive plate is 2.8 mm, the thickness of the negative plate is 1.9 mm, and the grids of the positive and negative plates are rectangular. The plate has the positive electrode paste prepared by the current common commercial positive lead paste formula (the content of sulfuric acid relative to the ball-milled lead powder is 4.5 wt.%, and the formula does not contain barium sulfate), and the battery is only used as a positive electrode when working, so it is called It is a positive electrode plate (for the sake of clarity in the following description, it is also named as electrode A in the present embodiment), and the negative electrode plate has a negative electrode paste prepared by the conventional common commercial negative electrode paste formulation, and the battery is only used as a negative electrode when working, so it is called It is a negative electrode plate (for the sake of subsequent statements, it is also named as electrodes B1 and B2 in this embodiment), and the lead powder used in the positive and negative lead pastes is the current common commercial ball-milled lead powder, and the cured and dried positive electrode plate. Quality of dry lead paste 29.69g, embodiments of the present embodiment sulfuric acid solution density lead-acid battery is 1.27g / cm ^3, the present embodiment eliminates or prevents the process and the results of fluid loss, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, and other factors test failure embodiment of the present embodiment Interference.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the present embodiment is as follows: First, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to cyclic charging and discharging work, and the circulating charge and discharge working system of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is: when the battery is charged In the state, the battery is discharged with a constant current of 1031 mA. When the discharge time reaches 1 hour and 36 minutes (that is, the discharge capacity is 1649 mAh, which is 93% of the rated capacity), or the battery voltage is ≤ 1.75 V, the discharge is stopped. Then, the battery is charged with a constant current of 412 mA, and after the measured battery voltage reaches 2.65 V, it is converted to continue charging the battery at a constant voltage of 2.65 V, and the total time of two (constant current, constant voltage) charging is 6 hours. 24 points, the battery charging process is finished, and then repeat the above-mentioned discharge process with a constant current of 1031 mA, thus repeatedly, cyclically discharged, charged, re-discharged, recharged, and the battery is charged and discharged, and the working temperature of the battery is 25 ±1 ° C; secondly, when the positive active material softens or/and falls off, sulfation, passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of the active material with the current collector, One or more of the specific surface area shrinkage factors of the negative electrode active material causes the lead acid storage battery of the embodiment to have a discharge capacity or discharge time less than a predetermined capacity value or a certain time value in the above operation (for example, In the examples, 900 mAh, 1 hour, 36 minutes, and 47 minutes, respectively, the battery is stopped, and the battery is subjected to at least one consecutive two times of positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or The charging and discharging operation causes the working-discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to be restored or improved after the operation is completed, and then the battery is re-introduced into its original working system to continue the work; then, in the present embodiment, the lead During the cyclic charge and discharge operation of the acid battery (referred to as the cycle operation, the same applies hereinafter), the polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities of the same or similar to the above two times in the present embodiment is repeated repeatedly, interspersedly, and in multiple stages. Post-charge or charge-discharge operation to inhibit, prevent, repair, improve, eliminate or reverse the softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery, and the activity of the negative electrode One or more of mass surface area shrinkage, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulphation, poor contact of active material and current collector to significantly increase or prolong lead in this example The life of the acid battery. Specifically, the polarity reversal of the positive and negative plates and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are set and executed by the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment and the setting program and the execution function thereof. When performing the polarity reversal operation of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, one is manual operation: the battery voltage is lowered to around 0 V, and then the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment is implemented by the human hand. The connection state of the lead-acid battery is connected from the positive and negative clamps of the charge and discharge device (positive output conductive clip, the same below) to the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery, the negative electrode clamp of the charge and discharge device (the negative output conductive clip, the same below) and lead Acid battery negative plate (electrode B1, B2) connection (this connection is called positive connection state, the same below), changed to, the charge and discharge device positive clip is connected with lead-acid battery negative plate (electrode B1, B2), charge and discharge device negative The clip is connected to the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery (the connection is said to be reversed, the same applies hereinafter), or the reverse connection state is changed to the positive connection state, and then the battery after the electrode connection state is changed. The battery is charged to a battery voltage of >0V, thereby realizing the polarity reversal of the electrode of the battery of the embodiment; the other is automatically operated by the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment: when the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is in the positive connection state, The constant current source in the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment performs forced discharge on the battery of the embodiment to change the voltage of the battery from a state of ≥0V to a state of <0V, or to charge the battery when the battery voltage is <0V (or forcibly Charging) and changing the battery voltage from the state of <0V to the state of ≥0V, the polarity inversion operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is automatically realized. When the battery is in the positive state, the battery is continuously forced to discharge when the battery voltage is <0V, so that the battery voltage tends to be more negative. At this time, the main positive electrode of the battery (electrode A) is the reaction of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. The charging process and the battery negative plate (electrodes B1, B2) mainly occur in the charging process in the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery (refer to the electrode reaction formula (1), (2) of the present invention, the same applies hereinafter); When the battery is in the positive state, the battery is forcibly charged when the battery voltage is <0V, so that the battery voltage tends to be corrected or 0V. At this time, the main positive electrode of the battery (electrode A) is the reaction of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. The discharge process and the battery negative plate (electrodes B1, B2) mainly occur in the discharge process in the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery; when the battery in the embodiment is in the positive connection state, the battery is charged when the battery voltage is > 0 V, so that the battery The voltage tends to be corrected. At this time, the main positive electrode of the battery (electrode A) is the charging process in the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery, and the battery negative plate (electrodes B1, B2). The main occurrence is the charging process in the reaction of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. Thus, the polarity inversion operation of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery of the present embodiment and the charging or charging and discharging operation after the polarity inversion are realized by the forced discharge, forced charging function and operation of the battery charger and discharger of the present embodiment. In addition, the charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are also performed by using the charging and discharging functions of the battery charger and discharger of the present embodiment to realize the cyclic charging and discharging operation of the battery of the embodiment (hereinafter, this embodiment) All operations and measurements of the lead-acid battery are performed by the battery charge and discharge device of the present embodiment, except for the manual operation. The specific implementation process of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment is as follows:

Pressing, initially setting when the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is less than 900 mAh, stopping the operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment and starting the first and second polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the battery. Subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. In the second embodiment of the present embodiment, the battery is charged and discharged according to the working system of the present embodiment. The positive electrode of the lead-acid battery and the negative electrode plate occur on the positive electrode plate of the present embodiment. The negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery, as shown in Fig. 1, when the operation is charged and discharged to the 148th time, the working discharge capacity of the battery of this embodiment begins to show a phenomenon of successive decline. After inspection, this is due to the positive active material. Softening and falling off (the reason for the decrease in discharge capacity below) is the same. When the charging and discharging cycle is operated until the 179th time, the working discharge capacity when the battery is discharged to 1.75V is reduced to 899mAh (that is, the remaining capacity is rated capacity). 50.9%), that is, the trigger condition (discharge capacity <900 mAh) for starting the charging and charging/discharging operation of the positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment is started, and at this time, the battery of the embodiment is started first. Preparation and formal operation of the second positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, after the end of the 179th working discharge (this When the battery voltage is 1.75V), continue to discharge the battery at a constant current of 1031mA for 4min and when the battery voltage is 0V, stop the discharge, and then reverse the polarity of the positive and negative plates of the battery, that is, manually The connection state of the battery charge and discharge device of this embodiment to the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is connected from the positive and negative clips of the charge and discharge device to the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery, the negative electrode clip of the charge and discharge device and the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery (electrode B1). B2) The positive connection state of the connection is changed to the reverse connection state of the positive and negative clips of the charge and discharge device and the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery, and the negative electrode clip of the charge and discharge device and the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery. Forming a commonly known reverse pole connection, and then charging the battery after the connected state with a constant current of 1031 mA, so that the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. During the charging process, the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1 and B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the battery voltage rises to 1.75 V after 3 hours and 15 minutes ( After the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2 are positive, the positive electrode plate or the electrode A is negative), the battery is continuously charged for 3 hours with a constant current of 1031 mA (the battery voltage rises from 1.75 V to 2.23 V in this process, and is still the negative electrode at this time). The plate or the electrodes B1 and B2 are positive, the positive electrode plate or the electrode A is negative), and then the battery is discharged at a constant current of 1031 mA, so that the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. In the discharge process of the reaction, the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1 and B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the discharge is stopped after 24 minutes to 0 V, and then the battery is again discharged. Perform positive and negative polarity reversal, that is, manually connect the battery charge and discharge device to the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment from the positive and negative clips of the charge and discharge device and the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery, and the charge and discharge device The reverse connection state of the negative electrode clip and the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery is changed, the positive electrode clip of the charge and discharge device is connected with the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery, the negative electrode clip of the charge and discharge device and the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery ( The positive connection state of the electrodes B1 and B2) is connected, and then the battery is charged at a constant current of 258.4 mA, so that the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. In the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, a charging process of a negative electrode reaction of a lead-acid battery occurs, and the charging is performed for 31 minutes until the battery voltage is 1.75 V (at this time, the positive electrode plate or the electrode A is positive and negative). The plate or electrodes B1 and B2 are negative), and then charged at a constant current of 412 mA for 16 hours and 35 minutes to a battery voltage of 2.65 V, and then charged to the battery at a constant voltage of 2.65 V for 3 hours (this constant current, constant voltage charging process positive electrode) The plate or electrode A is positive or negative, or the electrodes B1 and B2 are negative. After the constant voltage charging is completed, the first and second positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment are completed. Charging or charging and discharging operations. Then, the battery is re-entered into the same charging and discharging cycle working state and system to perform the 180th working discharge and the subsequent cyclic charging and discharging work. The results show that after the first and second positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery in the 180th working state rises to 1452.5 mAh, and its 181st time. The discharge capacity in the operating state has recovered to a normal discharge capacity of 1649 mAh (corresponding discharge time is 1 hour and 36 minutes).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and the conditions for triggering the polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are changed by programming to: when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment operates When the discharge time is <1 hour and 36 minutes, the battery operation is stopped and the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are automatically started. As shown in Fig. 1, the working discharge capacity in the 18th-224th discharge-charge working cycle reaches the normal discharge time, 1 hour and 36 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity is 1649mAh), and the battery of this embodiment is charged and discharged during the cycle. On the positive electrode plate (electrode A), the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1 and B2). When the battery is charged and discharged to the 225th cycle, the discharge capacity of the battery is obtained. Start to fall, the discharge time is 1 hour and 35 minutes (when the battery discharge termination voltage has dropped to 1.75V), therefore, according to the set trigger condition and execution procedure, the battery charger and discharger of this embodiment will immediately implement this implementation. The battery is automatically transferred from the working state to the positive plate, the negative polarity of the negative plate and the preparation and implementation stage of the charging or charging and discharging operation, that is, the 225th charge and discharge cycle is completed, and the battery voltage drops to 1.75V. After that, the battery is stopped, and the connection state between the battery and the charger and the discharger is in a positive state, that is, the positive electrode of the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment is the positive electrode plate of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment (electrode A) connected, the negative electrode of the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment is connected with the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, and then the battery of the embodiment is automatically discharged at a constant current of 1031 mA and Forced discharge, and by the forced discharge function of the battery charger and discharger of the present embodiment, the continuous discharge and forced discharge operation caused the battery voltage of the present embodiment to be rapidly lowered from 1.75 V to 0 V over 23 minutes (this process makes the lead acid of the present embodiment The discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the battery, the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery on the electrodes B1 and B2 of the present embodiment), and then 36 minutes The battery voltage is lowered from 0V to -1.75V (the battery voltage measured and displayed by the battery charger and discharger. In the same manner, the process causes the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. The charging process, the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment or the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the electrodes B1 and B2) After -1.75V, the constant current forced discharge of 1031 mA was continued for 3 hours (at this time, the measured battery voltage dropped from -1.75 V to about -2.15 V, and this process still made the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of this example). The charging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1 and B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment), and then the charge and discharge device is then constant at 1031 mA. The battery is forcibly charged by the current (the process is charged for 23 minutes, and the battery voltage is raised from about -2.15V to 0V (this process causes the lead-acid battery negative electrode to occur on the positive plate or the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment). The discharge process of the electrode reaction, the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery or the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the electrodes B1 and B2 of the present embodiment), when the battery voltage reaches 0V, the charge and discharge device automatically continues to 258.4 mA. The constant current charges the battery, and the battery voltage reaches 1.75V after 1 hour and 08 minutes (this process causes the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery or the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment) In the charging process, the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery or the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery on the electrodes B1 and B2 in this embodiment, the battery is continuously charged for 8 hours and 41 minutes with a constant current of 412 mA, so that the measurement is made. The battery voltage reaches 2.65V, then switch to charge the battery at a constant voltage of 2.65V, and keep this constant voltage charge for 3 hours (the positive plate or electrode A is positive and negative plate during constant current and constant voltage charging). Or the electrodes B1 and B2 are negative), after the constant voltage charging is completed, the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed, and then the present The battery of the embodiment is transferred back to its original, same cycle charging and discharging working state and system to perform the cycle charging and discharging operation of the 226th and subsequent times. The results show that after the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge time of the battery of this embodiment is restored to 1 hour and 36 minutes in the 228th cycle operation, and In the next 239th cycle, the working discharge time was normal, 1 hour and 36 minutes. (The 226th and 227th duty cycles caused the discharge termination voltage to be lower than 1.75V due to an erroneous operation, resulting in overdischarge).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system. As shown in FIG. 1 , when the battery of the embodiment is in the cycle to the 240th time, the discharge time is 1 hour and 35 minutes, and the previous setting is triggered again. The polarity of the positive and negative polarities and the start condition of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so after the end of the 240th working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V at the end of the discharge), the charge and discharge device starts the present The battery of the embodiment performs the polarity reversal of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the fifth and sixth times, and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the operation method and the process, and the third and fourth positive and negative poles of the embodiment. The sexual reversal and the following charging or charging and discharging operations are the same, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is re-entered into the same cycle charging and discharging working state and system, and then the 241th and subsequent times of the battery of the embodiment are performed. Cycle charge and discharge work. As a result, after the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge time of the battery of this embodiment was restored to 1 hour and 36 minutes in the 243th cycle operation (the first 241, 242 times of work cycle due to misoperation caused the discharge termination voltage is lower than 1.75V, resulting in over-discharge).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and during the 244th charging and discharging cycle, the polarity of the positive and negative polarities of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are triggered. The start condition is changed by programming to: when the discharge time of the battery of the embodiment is <45 minutes, the battery operation is stopped and the seventh and eighth positive times of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment or the positive and negative plates thereof are automatically started. The polarity of the negative electrode is reversed and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. As shown in FIG. 1, when the battery of the present embodiment is cycled to the 251th time, its discharge performance begins to decrease. At the 268th time, the working discharge time is 42 minutes (the corresponding working discharge capacity is 721 mAh), and the trigger setting is performed at this time. The polarity of the positive and negative polarities is reversed and the start condition of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation. Therefore, after the end of the 268th discharge operation (the battery voltage is 1.75V at the end of the discharge), the battery operation is stopped, and the charge and discharge device is next. The polarity inversion of the positive and negative plates of the seventh and eighth times of the battery of the embodiment is started, and the charging or charging and discharging operations are performed thereafter. The operation method and process are the third and fourth positive of the embodiment. The polarity polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are basically the same, except that after the battery voltage reaches -1.75V, the constant current of 1031 mA is continuously maintained for 4 hours (instead of 3 hours, this is The process measures that the battery voltage is still decreasing from -1.75V to about -2.15V), after the polarity reversal of the seventh and eighth positive and negative plates and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed. The lead-acid battery of this embodiment is made heavy The cycle charge and discharge operation of the 269th and subsequent times of the battery of the present embodiment is carried out in the same state as the cycle charge and discharge operation state and system. As a result, after the seventh and eighth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge time of the battery of this embodiment was restored to 1 hour and 12 minutes in the 269th cycle operation (discharge) The capacity is 1252 mAh), and the discharge time is restored to 1 hour and 36 minutes in the 270th cycle operation, and the working discharge time is normal for 1 hour and 36 minutes in the following cycle to the 290th cycle charge and discharge operation. .

As shown in FIG. 1, in the next 270-463th cycle of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the cycle charge and discharge working state and system are the same as the above 1-270th cycle work, and whenever When the working discharge time or the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is reduced to 1 hour 36 minutes or 1649 mAh or less, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is subjected to the first two polarity inversions similar to the above and thereafter. Charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, between 295th, 296th, 309th, 310th, 324th, 325th, 344th, 345th, 369th, 370th Between successive times, between 385th and 386th, between 405th and 406th, between 425th and 426th, between 441th and 442th, and between 457th and 458th, successively Ninth, tenth, consecutive eleventh, twelfth, ..., consecutive twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth, a total of ten periods of polarity reversal and subsequent charging or Charge and discharge operation, and the working discharge time or capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is reversed twice in each period and Or the ability to charge the first or subsequent discharge operation of the second working recover 36 minutes to 1 hour or 1649mAh, the present embodiment so that the lead-acid battery to maintain normal operation continues embodiment discharge is charged and discharged.

As shown in FIG. 1 , after the polarity inversion twice in each period and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations in this embodiment, the working discharge time or capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is the subsequent step in the operation. One time or the second working discharge returns to 1 hour 36 minutes or 1649 mAh, which may be related to the degree of decline of the actual working discharge capacity of the battery before the start of each polarity inversion operation, and each polarity inversion and thereafter The current, voltage, charge and discharge capacity, number of stages, etc. during charging or charging and discharging operations are related to the size and method. For example, when the active material particles on the positive electrode plate are softened, the degree of falling off is large, or the actual operating discharge capacity of the battery is decreased to a large extent, the polarity inversion is repeated twice in the first period and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed. The demand for the amount of charge after the first polarity reversal in this period is also large, and the larger amount of charge after the second polarity reversal in this period is beneficial to ensure that the battery is fully charged, so if the second period of the period If the charge is relatively small after the polarity is reversed, the battery may be undercharged, which may cause the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to pass the first two polarity inversions and the first time after the charging or charging and discharging operation. The working discharge and charging process continue to supplement the battery charge. For example, in the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the two consecutive polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations performed between the 405th and 406th times of the working discharge or between the 441th and 442th times are performed by the 405th time. Or the 441th working discharge result shows that the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is less than the 179th, and the two consecutive polarity reversals between the 405th and the 406th times and The subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation process is: after the 405th working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V at this time), while maintaining the battery charger and discharger in the positive state of the battery of the embodiment, the battery is continuously operated at a constant current of 1031 mA. Discharge and forced discharge for 132min, causing the battery voltage to drop from 1.75V to 0V, and then from 0V to -1.75V (wherein, from 1.75V to 0V, the main occurrence of lead on the positive plate or electrode A is lead) The discharge process of the positive electrode of the acid battery, the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2 mainly occur in the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. During the process from 0V to -1.75V, the positive plate or the electrode A mainly occurs. Lead-acid storage The charging process of the negative electrode reaction, the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2 mainly occur in the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery), and the polarity of the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1, B2) is positive at -1.75V, and the positive electrode The polarity of the plate (electrode A) is negative, and then the battery is forced to discharge for 4 hours at a constant current of 1031 mA (the battery voltage continues to drop from -1.70 V to -2.087 V during this process, which is still the negative plate or electrode) B1, B2 is positive, the positive electrode plate or the electrode A is negative), and then the battery is forcibly charged at a constant current of 1031 mA, so that the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. During the discharge process, the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative plate (electrodes B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the forced charge is stopped after 35 minutes to 0V, and then the battery is 258.4. The constant current of the mA is charged, so that the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. The charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery is charged, and the charging is performed for 1 hour and 21 minutes until the battery voltage is 1.75V (at this time, the positive electrode plate or the electrode A is positive, the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2 are negative), and then the constant current is 412 mA. Charging for 14 hours, to the battery voltage of 2.63V, and then charging the battery for 4 hours at a constant voltage of 2.65V (this constant current, constant voltage charging process positive plate or electrode A is positive, negative plate or electrode B1, B2 is negative Then, the battery is re-entered into the same cycle charging and discharging working state and system to perform the 406th working discharge and the cycle of the number of times. The two consecutive polarity reversals between the 441th and 442th times and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are basically the same as those between the 405th and 406th times, except that between the 441th and the 442th The forced discharge current after the first polarity inversion and the subsequent polarity inversion in the subsequent charge or charge and discharge operation is 1515 mA (that is, the forced discharge causes lead acid to occur on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A). The charging process of the battery negative electrode reaction causes the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery to occur on the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2).

In this embodiment, if it is defined that the working discharge capacity is less than 80% of the rated capacity, it is regarded as invalid work or not counted in the cycle charge and discharge operation (ie, battery life), then the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is being subjected to the first phase. Or before the polarity inversion of the first embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of cycles or the service life of the effective operation is 145 cycles (continuous after 143 cycles) The three-time discharge capacity is lower than 80% of the rated capacity, but the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method, the lead-acid battery, the battery charge and discharge device, the lead of the embodiment After the acid battery has been operated for 463 times, it can continue to work normally. The number of effective working cycles has reached 408 times, an increase of 181%. It can be speculated that it will continue to follow the conditions of no collector corrosion, water loss, etc. The above operation method can make the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment continue to be extended.

In addition, if the cost and benefit evaluation are performed by taking the first 8 polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations in this embodiment, the first 8 positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery are performed in this embodiment. The total charge consumed by the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is about 47336 mAh, and the additional effective working times is 83 times, so the average additional charge per operation is 570 mAh, which is the lead of this embodiment. 34.6% of the rated capacity of the acid battery, combined with the current situation of commercial power lead-acid batteries, can be obtained, increasing the cost of each effective work is about 0.036% of the current commercial power lead-acid battery purchase cost (electricity fee is 0.6 yuan / kWh) Calculated), the cost of adding 365 effective jobs is about 13.2% of the current commercial power lead-acid battery purchase cost, that is, if the charge and discharge device cost of the embodiment is not used, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery by applying the embodiment One year can reduce the cost of using the power battery to 13.2%. If the working discharge system is mild (the discharge depth and discharge current are less than 93% DOD, 1.16I ₂ , and I ₂ is 0.5 times current in this example), the average amount of charge consumed per work is increased. It is also lower, which increases the cost of each effective job. In addition, every one year of battery life increase, the environmental benefits are enormous. In addition, in the polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the charging or charging/discharging operation thereafter, the method of pulse charging is used to perform polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging, which further improves the efficiency of the operation and reduces The cost of this operation increases the effectiveness of the operation.

On the one hand, as described above, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations cause the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to be softened and peeled off to be improved, repaired, reversed, thereby In this embodiment, the working discharge capacity in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery is improved or restored after the operation. On the other hand, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations are also inevitable. The problems of electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of active material with current collector, and shrinkage of specific surface area of the anode during the cycle operation of the battery have the effects of improvement, repair, reversal, and prevention. In the normal cycle operation process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment is performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment periodically or irregularly (for example, in a manner of a predetermined number of cycles). And subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations, will effectively improve, repair, reverse, prevent softening or / and shedding of positive active materials, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, active substances and current collectors The problem of poor contact and negative specific surface area shrinkage increases or prolongs the service life of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment has an identity identification system. The battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment can identify the battery of the embodiment to determine the implementation. For example, the entire or recent working history of the battery, various related program settings, and the like, so that after the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment is connected to the battery of the embodiment, the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the battery of the embodiment is reversed. After charging or charging and discharging work.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the forced discharge time of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to be forced to discharge to the battery voltage <0V or -1.75V may also be 5 hours, 10 hours, 20 hours, so that the battery voltage can be reached. -2.3V, -2.65V, -2.78V, etc., to obtain a stronger positive electrode active material softening, shedding reversal effect.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, according to the measured concentration of the electrolyte in the battery is higher than 55%, and the battery temperature is higher than 45 ° C, the positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or Charge and discharge operation, and after the concentration of the electrolyte is less than 50% (can be achieved by rehydration of the battery), and the temperature drops to less than 40 °C, the positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are continued. .

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, when the battery of the embodiment is operated or stopped, and the polarity of the positive and negative poles is reversed and the subsequent charging or discharging operation is performed or stopped, the battery of the embodiment is subjected to a liquid replacement operation. The replenished liquid includes one or more of water, sulfuric acid solution and additive solution to repair battery water loss caused by long time, multiple times, large current charge, discharge, overcharge, oxidation, battery sealing problem, etc. Loss of acid, loss of additives and other losses, improve battery life.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is applied to the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment. The rated voltage of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is 12V, and the rated capacity is 12Ah, in the method implementation operation, the corresponding changes are made in the setting and execution of the values of voltage, current, capacity, etc. in operation, for example, after the lead-acid battery pack is forcibly discharged to the battery pack voltage <0V, After the battery pack voltage continues to drop to -6V, -10.5V, -13V, -15V, the forced discharge is stopped, and the forced discharge current is 0.3 times, 0.5 times, 1 time, and 2 times.

Example 7

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is a circuit, and the functions of the circuit of the embodiment can fully realize all the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment as follows. Provide technical support for the implementation of methods to increase or extend the life of lead-acid batteries or battery packs.

The method, the circuit and the lead-acid battery for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment, wherein the circuit of the embodiment is based on the constant current source circuit, the constant voltage source circuit and the forced charging or/and the forced discharging function The polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can be realized, and the program execution function is also provided. The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a flat grid type lead-acid battery, and the rated capacity is 1.93 Ah (2h rate, 25 ° C), the rated voltage is 2V, and has a structure of sandwiching a positive plate between two negative plates, positive and negative. There are partitions between the plates, and the total capacity of the negative plates is relatively surplus in the total capacity of the positive plates. The positive plates have a positive paste prepared by the positive electrode, and the battery is only used as a positive electrode when working, so it is called a positive plate (for the subsequent statement, In the present embodiment, it is also named as electrode A). The negative electrode plate has a lead paste prepared by a conventional negative electrode formula, and the battery is used only as a negative electrode when working, and thus is called a negative electrode plate (for the subsequent statement, in this embodiment, It is also named as electrode B1, B2), the formulation of positive and negative lead paste is different, and the lead powder used in the positive electrode lead paste is 100% oxidation degree lead oxide powder, and the lead powder used in the negative plate lead paste is ball-milled lead. After the powder, the quality of the dry lead paste on the positive electrode plate after curing and drying was 31.1 g. The density of the sulfuric acid solution in the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ . This embodiment eliminates or prevents the interference of the liquid-phase, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure and the like on the implementation process and the implementation result of the embodiment.

In this embodiment, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery is as follows: First, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to the cyclic charge and discharge operation. The working system of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is: when the battery of the embodiment is in a state of being charged When the battery of this embodiment is discharged at a current of 1008 mA, when the discharge time reaches 1 hour and 36 minutes (that is, the discharge capacity is 1614 mAh, which is 83% of the rated capacity), or the battery voltage is ≤ 1.75 V, the discharge is stopped, and then the discharge is stopped. The battery is charged with a constant current of 404 mA, and when the battery voltage reaches 2.65 V, it is converted to continue charging the battery with a constant voltage of 2.65 V. When the total time of two (constant current, constant voltage) charging is 6 hours and 24 minutes, After the charging process of the battery is finished, the above-mentioned 1008 mA constant current discharging process is repeated, and the repeated, cyclic discharging, charging, re-discharging, and recharging are performed to make the battery charge and discharge work, and the battery working environment temperature is 25±1 °C. Secondly, one or more of the positive active material softening or/and shedding, sulfating, passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of the active material with the current collector, and specific surface area shrinkage of the negative active material lead to the present implementation. When the discharge time or the discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery is less than or continuously less than a predetermined capacity value or a certain time value in the above operation, the operation of the battery of the embodiment is stopped, and at least one period of the battery of the embodiment is started. The positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed twice, so that the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is restored or improved after the operation is completed, and then the battery is reintroduced into the battery. Under the original work system, the cycle charge and discharge work continued. Then, in the cyclic operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the polarity of the positive and negative polarities of the same or similar to the above two consecutive times in the present embodiment are repeatedly, interspersed, and multi-period. Charging or charging and discharging operations to inhibit, prevent, repair, improve, eliminate or reverse the softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the lead-acid battery, the specific surface area shrinkage of the negative active material, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, One or more of early capacity loss, sulfation, and poor contact between the active material and the current collector to significantly increase or prolong the service life of the lead acid battery of the present embodiment. Specifically, the positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment are set and executed by the circuit of the embodiment and the setting program and the execution function thereof, and the present embodiment is performed. When the positive and negative polarities of the lead-acid battery are reversed, as in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, one is by manual operation, and the other is by the forced discharge and forced charging function of the circuit of the embodiment, in the circuit of the embodiment. The automatic connection with the connection state of the battery is in the positive state (refer to the corresponding content in Embodiment 6 of the present invention). In addition, the charging and discharging operations of the battery of the embodiment are also performed by using the charging and discharging functions of the circuit of the embodiment to realize the circulating operation of the battery of the embodiment (hereinafter, all operations and measurements of the battery are specifically described below). It is manually and externally, and all of them are programmed and executed by the circuit of this embodiment. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the charging or discharging operation and all the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the capacity of the electrolyte in the battery with respect to the positive electrode active material is excessive or sufficient.

According to the above, when the discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is less than 1614 mAh for three consecutive times, the battery operation of the embodiment is stopped, and the first and second polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the battery of the embodiment are started. Subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery of the present embodiment performs the cycle charge and discharge operation according to the set working system from the 18th charge and discharge cycle (the first 17 charge and discharge cycles are performed by overcharge, overdischarge, capacity detection, etc.). The operation is also calculated to the total number of times of the cycle charge and discharge operation. When working, the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the present embodiment, and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1, B2). Electrode reaction, charge and discharge cycle 18-50 times, the battery of this example showed normal working ability, that is, the discharge capacity per work was 1614 mAh. When the charging and discharging cycle was operated until the 51st time, the working discharge capacity of the battery of the present embodiment began to show a decrease, that is, the working discharge capacities of the 51st-53th time were 1583, 1568, and 1554 mAh, respectively (the corresponding discharge time was 1 hour, respectively). 34 minutes, 1 hour 33 minutes, and 1 hour 31 minutes), it was checked that this was caused by the softening and falling off of the positive electrode active material (the reason for the decrease in the discharge capacity below). At this time, the battery of the present embodiment was reached. The triggering conditions of the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (discharge capacity three times <1614 mAh) are performed, and then the first and second positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment are started. Subsequent preparation and formal operation of the charging or charging and discharging operation, that is, after the end of the 53rd cycle of the operation discharge (when the battery voltage drops to 1.75 V), the operation of the battery of this embodiment is stopped, and then the battery of this embodiment is 1008 mA. The constant current is discharged until the battery voltage is 0V, then the discharge is stopped, and then the polarity of the positive and negative poles is reversed (first time), that is, the circuit of the embodiment is manually and the embodiment. The connection state of the acid battery is connected from the positive electrode clip of the circuit of the present embodiment to the positive electrode plate of the lead-acid battery (electrode A), and the positive electrode clamp of the circuit of the present embodiment is connected with the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery (electrode B1, B2), and is changed into In this embodiment, the positive electrode clip of the circuit is connected to the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery, and the reverse polarity of the positive electrode clip of the circuit of the present embodiment and the positive electrode plate of the lead-acid battery (electrode A) is connected, and then, a constant current of 1008 mA is used. The battery of this embodiment after the connection state is changed, so that the charging process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the battery of the present embodiment, and lead is generated on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1, B2). During the charging process of the positive electrode of the acid battery, when the battery voltage rises to 1.75V, the battery is continuously charged with a constant current of 1008 mA for 3 hours (the battery voltage rises from 1.75V to 2.28V in this process), and then the constant current is 1008mA. The battery is discharged, so that the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the battery of the embodiment, and the lead-acid storage occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1, B2). During the discharge process of the positive electrode reaction, the discharge is stopped when the discharge reaches 0V, and then the polarity of the positive and negative polarities is reversed again for the battery (second time), that is, the circuit of the present embodiment and the lead acid of the embodiment are manually manually used. The connection state of the battery is changed from the positive electrode clip of the present embodiment to the negative electrode plate (electrode B1, B2) of the lead-acid battery, and the reverse connection state of the negative electrode clip of the circuit of the present embodiment and the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery is changed into In this embodiment, the positive electrode clip of the circuit is connected to the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery, and the positive electrode clip of the circuit of the present embodiment is connected to the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery (electrode B1, B2), and then the battery is 251.5 mA. The constant current is charged, so that the charging process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate (electrode A) of the battery of the embodiment, and the charging process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the negative electrode plate (electrodes B1, B2). When the battery voltage is 1.75V, it is charged at a constant current of 404mA. When the battery voltage is 2.65V, the battery is charged at a constant voltage of 2.65V for 3 hours. At this point, the first battery of this embodiment is completed. The second positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Then, the battery of this embodiment is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation state or system as the previous 54th working discharge and the cycle charge and discharge operation. The results show that after the first and second positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery of this embodiment in the 54th cycle operation rises to 1570 mAh (corresponding discharge time) For 1 hour and 33 minutes, the discharge capacity is less than 1614 mAh, which may be related to insufficient charging before working discharge, the same situation is the same below), and the discharge capacity in the 55th operation has returned to the normal discharge capacity under working condition, 1614 mAh ( The corresponding discharge time is 1 hour and 36 minutes).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and the starting condition for triggering the polarity of the positive and negative polarities of the battery and the subsequent charging or discharging operation is changed by programming to: when the discharging time of the battery of the embodiment When the battery is less than 1 hour and 36 minutes in four consecutive times, the battery operation is stopped, and the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are started. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge capacity of the battery of the present embodiment during the 55th-93th charge-discharge cycle operation is 1 hour and 36 minutes of the normal discharge time (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614 mAh), but it is operated in the charge-discharge cycle. At the 94th time, the discharge time of the battery began to show a decline, that is, the discharge time of the 94th-97th time was 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 34 minutes, 1 hour 33 minutes, and 1 hour 33 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity). It is 1603, 1589, 1578, and 1567 mAh, respectively. Therefore, the charging and charging/discharging triggering conditions of the positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment are started. At this time, the battery of the embodiment is started to be the third and the third. Four times of positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the operation method and process are basically the same as performing the first and second positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, The difference is that the battery voltage is not discharged from the constant current of 1.75V to 0V before the third positive and negative polarity reversal, but the battery is stopped when the voltage drops to 1.75V. And directly connect the electrode of the battery directly The conversion or interchange is performed, that is, the connection state of the circuit of the embodiment and the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is changed from the positive connection state to the reverse connection state, and after the connection conversion or the interchange, the battery voltage is measured to be a negative value, and then, The constant current of 1008 mA charges the battery after the connection state is changed, and when the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0 V to 1.75 V (the third positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of this embodiment is completed in this process) After that, the battery is continuously charged at a constant current of 1008 mA for 3 hours. Then, the battery is discharged at a constant current of 1008 mA, and the discharge is stopped at 0 V. Then, the polarity of the positive and negative polarities of the battery is reversed again (fourth time). Turning, that is, manually changing the connection state of the circuit of the embodiment and the lead-acid battery from the reverse connection state to the positive connection state, and then charging the battery with a constant current of 251.5 mA until the battery voltage is 1.75 V, The 404mA constant current is charged, and when the battery voltage is 2.65V, the battery is charged at a constant voltage of 2.65V for 3 hours. At this point, the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment are completed and then charged. Or charge and discharge Operation. Then, the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation state or system to perform the 98th working discharge and the cycle charge and discharge operation. The results show that after the third and fourth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery during the 98th cycle is 1489 mAh (corresponding discharge time 1 hour 28) The fraction, which did not reach 1614 mAh, may be related to insufficient charging before discharge, and the discharge capacity in the 99th cycle has returned to the normal working discharge capacity, 1614 mAh (corresponding discharge time is 1 hour and 36 minutes).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated according to the working system, and the start condition for triggering the polarity of the positive and negative polarity of the battery and the subsequent charging or discharging operation is changed by programming (after the 99th working discharge): When the discharge time of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is less than 1 hour and 36 minutes, the battery operation is stopped and the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are automatically started on the battery. . As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge time of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment in the 99th-126th charge-discharge cycle operation is 1 hour and 36 minutes (the corresponding discharge capacity is 1614 mAh), and when it is cycled to the 127th. At the second time, the discharge capacity of the battery began to decrease, and the discharge time was 1 hour and 35 minutes (at this time, the battery voltage has dropped to 1.75V, and the corresponding discharge capacity is 1607mAh). Therefore, according to the set trigger conditions and procedures, The circuit of the embodiment immediately transfers the battery of the embodiment from the working state to the preparation and implementation stage of the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, after the battery voltage drops to 1.75V. The battery operation was stopped, and the battery of the present embodiment was continuously discharged with a constant current of 1008 mA, and by the forced discharge function of the circuit of the present embodiment, the continuous discharge operation lowered the battery voltage from 1.75 V to 0 V, and then from 0 V. Dropped to -1.75V (during the period of 0V to stand for 10min, this process from 1.75V down to 0V and then down to -1.75V completed the fifth positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery of this example, from 1.75 Under V During the process of 0 V, the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the battery of the present embodiment, the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery on the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2, decreased from 0 V. In the process of -1.75V, the charging process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the battery of the embodiment, and the charging process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2) After reaching -1.75V, it continued to be forced to discharge with a constant current of 1008 mA for 3 hours (at this time, the measured battery voltage dropped from -1.75 V to about -2.12 V). After forced discharge for 3 hours, the circuit of this embodiment was followed by 1008 mA. The constant current charges the battery (measured that the battery voltage rises from about -2.12V to 0V, and the charging takes 21 minutes). After the battery voltage reaches 0V, it is allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Then, the circuit of this embodiment automatically continues. The constant current of 251.2 mA charges the battery until the battery voltage reaches 1.75V (this rises from -2.22V to 0V and then rises to 1.75V. The sixth positive and negative polarities of the battery of this embodiment are completed. In the process of rising from -1.22V to 0V, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the battery of the embodiment, and the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts on the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2. During the discharge process, from 0V to 1.75V, the charging process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the positive electrode plate or the electrode A of the battery of the present embodiment, and the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery occurs on the negative electrode plate or the electrodes B1 and B2. After the charging process, the battery is continuously charged with a constant current of 404 mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65 V, and then the battery is charged at a constant voltage of 2.65 V, and the constant voltage charging is maintained for 3 hours. For the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the battery of the embodiment is then returned to its previous discharge-charge cycle operation state or Under the system, the 128th working discharge and the cycle charge and discharge work are performed. The results show that after the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge time of the battery of the present embodiment in the 128th cycle is 1 hour and 25 minutes (corresponding to The discharge capacity is 1428 mAh, this time does not reach 1614 mAh, which may be related to insufficient charging before working discharge), and the discharge capacity in the 129th working state has returned to the normal discharge time of 1 hour and 36 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity) It is 1614mAh).

Next, the battery of the present implementation continues to operate according to the working system. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge time of the battery in its 129-152th cycle operation is normal 1 hour and 36 minutes. When the battery of this embodiment is in circulation operation At the 153th time, the discharge time is 1 hour and 35 minutes (the corresponding discharge capacity is 1612 mAh), and the start condition of the positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery and the subsequent charge or charge/discharge operation are set again. After the end of the 153th discharge operation (the battery voltage is 1.75V at the end of the discharge), the circuit of the present embodiment starts the seventh and eighth positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging of the battery of the embodiment. The discharge operation, the operation method and the process are the same as the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and then the battery of the embodiment is transferred back to the same During the discharge-charge cycle operation state or system, the 154th working discharge and the subsequent cycles of charge and discharge work are performed. The results show that the seventh and eighth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging After the operation, The discharge time of the battery in this embodiment under the 154th and 155th cycles is 1 hour, 15 minutes, and 1 hour and 34 minutes respectively (the corresponding discharge capacity is 1260, 1579 mAh, which does not reach 1614 mAh, which may be charged before the discharge of the working discharge). Insufficient, and the two working discharges caused over-discharge due to misoperation, and the discharge capacity in the 156th working state has returned to the normal discharge time of 1 hour and 36 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614 mAh).

Next, the battery of this embodiment is continuously operated according to the working system. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge time of the battery in its 156-166th cycle is 1 hour and 36 minutes, when the battery is cycled to the 167th time. The discharge time is 1 hour and 35 minutes (the corresponding discharge capacity is 1604 mAh), and the initial conditions of the positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are set again, and thus the 167th After the end of the discharge operation (the battery voltage is 1.75V at the end of the discharge), the circuit of the embodiment begins to perform the ninth and tenth reverse polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging of the battery of the embodiment. The operation, operation method and process are still the same as the fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and then the battery of the embodiment is transferred back to the same During the discharge-charge cycle operation state or system, the 168th working discharge and the subsequent number of cycles of charge and discharge work are performed, and as a result, the ninth and tenth times of the positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed. After this implementation The discharge time of the battery in the 168th and 169th cycles is 1 hour, 06 minutes, 1 hour and 16 minutes respectively (the corresponding discharge capacity is 1109, 1277mAh, which does not reach 1614mAh, which may be related to insufficient charging before working discharge). ), and the discharge capacity in the 170th working state is restored to the normal discharge time of 1 hour and 36 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity is 1614 mAh).

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated according to the working system. After the battery completes the 170th cycle operation, the start condition for triggering the polarity reversal of the battery positive and negative polarities and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is changed by programming to: When the working discharge time of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is less than 46 minutes, the battery operation is stopped and the eleventh and twelfth positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are started. As shown in Figure 2, the discharge time is 1 hour and 36 minutes in the next 170-179 cycles, but the discharge capacity begins to decrease during the 180th cycle and is cycled at the 192th cycle. The medium discharge time is 45 minutes (corresponding discharge capacity is 756 mAh), triggering the conditions for starting the battery positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so after the end of the 192th cycle discharge operation (discharge At the end of the battery voltage is 1.75V), the circuit of the embodiment begins to perform the eleventh and twelfth positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the battery of the embodiment, and the operation process is The fifth and sixth positive and negative polarity inversions of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are basically the same, except that after reaching -1.75V, the battery of the embodiment is continued to be 1031 mA. The constant current was forced to discharge for 4 hours (instead of 3 hours, and the process measured that the battery voltage was still dropped from -1.75V to about -2.12V). As a result, after the eleventh and twelfth battery positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge time of the battery of this embodiment was restored to 1 hour in the 193th cycle operation. The fraction (corresponding capacity is 1560 mAh), and the discharge time is restored to 1 hour and 36 minutes in the 194th cycle operation, and the discharge time is 1 hour in the next cycle of the 210th charge and discharge operation. Minute. 3 shows the 189-196 cycle charge and discharge operation process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, and the eleventh and twelfth positive and negative polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations interposed during the process. Current and battery voltage changes during the process.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the next 211-667 cycle of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the working discharge time of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is reduced to 1 hour and 36 minutes (the corresponding capacity is 1614 mAh). Or the following, that is, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to the first two-stage polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, the 220th (corresponding working discharge capacity) of the cyclic working discharge, respectively. 1475mAh, the following same), 221 times, 252 (1292.8mAh), 253 times, 296 (1611mAh), 297 times, 327 (1610.4mAh), 328 times, 354 (1590.5 mAh), 355 times, 382 (1590 mAh), 383 times, 403 (1602.3 mAh), 404 times, 423 (1600 mAh), 424 times, 436 (1610.9 mAh), 437 Between 447 (1579.8 mAh), 448, 491 (1605 mAh), 492, 538 (1612.6 mAh), 539, 582 (1609.8 mAh), 583 Between 614 (1611.8 mAh), 615 times, 641 (1606.8 mAh), and 642 times, successive thirteenth and fourteenth consecutive, continuous fifteenth and tenth Six times, ... positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and make the positive and negative polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment twice in each period After the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is quickly or immediately restored to 1614 mAh, so that the lead-acid battery of the embodiment retains the ability to continue normal operation.

As shown in FIG. 2, after the polarity of the positive and negative polarities are reversed twice in each of the above-mentioned periods, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is restored to normal by only the charging operation, and one or more times are passed. After the charging-discharging-charging operation, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is restored to normal. For example, in the present embodiment, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is between 582 and 583 times of the cyclic discharge of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. The charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment after the two positive and negative polarities are reversed is as follows: 430 mA constant current charging to 2.65 V is performed on the lead-acid battery after the current polarity reversal in this period. It took 13 hours and 54 minutes), and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.65V for 3 hours. Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was put into the cycle charging and discharging working system to perform the 583th working discharge. As a result, the battery of this example was at the 583th time. The working discharge time or capacity or capacity is restored to normal 1 hour 36 minutes or more than 1614 mAh.

Some experimental data in this embodiment show that the lead-acid battery of this embodiment has two consecutive polarity reversals in each period and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and then the working discharge capacity recovery degree of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is as follows. In this embodiment, the lead-acid battery can continuously maintain the normal number of cycles after each period of operation discharge capacity recovery (ie, two consecutive periods of polarity inversion in two phases and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations). The number of normal duty cycles to be recovered shall be the same as the degree of decrease in the actual working discharge capacity of the battery before the start of each polarity inversion operation, the polarity inversion of each period, and the subsequent charge or charge and discharge operations. The current, voltage, time, charge and discharge capacity, pulse or DC, frequency, number of stages, electrolyte density, electrolyte saturation, battery internal group, total cumulative number of cyclic operations, etc.

In this embodiment, according to the current battery life definition method, the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is defined as the battery life is terminated when the three consecutive working discharge capacities are less than 83% of the rated capacity (1602 mAh). Then, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is subjected to the polarity reversal of any of the embodiments and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, as shown in FIG. 2, and its service life is 53 cycles, that is, 51, 52 The working discharge capacity of 53 times is 1582.8, 1568.1, 1554 mAh, respectively, but the lead acid of this embodiment is obtained by the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method, lead-acid battery and circuit. The number of cycles in which the battery discharge working discharge capacity reaches 83% or more of the rated capacity, that is, the number of life cycles is extended to 608 times, an increase of 1047%, and it can be speculated that in the case of no collector corrosion, water loss, etc. According to the above operation method, the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment can be continuously improved or extended.

On the one hand, as described above, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations cause the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to be softened and peeled off to be improved, repaired, reversed, thereby In this embodiment, the working discharge capacity in the cyclic operation of the lead-acid battery is improved or restored after the operation. On the other hand, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations are also inevitable. The problems of electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact between active material and current collector, and shrinkage of specific surface area of the anode during the cycle operation of the battery of the present embodiment have the effects of improvement, repair, reversal, and prevention. . In the normal cycle operation process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment is performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment periodically or irregularly (for example, in a manner of a predetermined number of cycles). And subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations, will effectively improve, repair, reverse, prevent softening or / and shedding of positive active materials, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, active substances and current collectors The problem of poor contact and negative specific surface area shrinkage increases or prolongs the service life of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the circuit having the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging functions is integrated into the battery charging and repairing device to become a battery charging and repairing device. Part of the product.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the circuit having the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging functions of the present embodiment is integrated into the composition of the lead-acid battery, and becomes a lead acid as a battery management circuit. Part of a battery product.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the electrolyte density of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment may be 1.29 g/cm ³ or 1.32 g/cm ³ .

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the circuit having the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging functions of the present embodiment is neither integrated into the battery charge and discharge device nor integrated. In the composition of lead-acid batteries, but as an independent product.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the method and circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the present embodiment are used in the lead-acid battery group of the present embodiment (rated voltage is 36V, rated capacity is 12 Ah), and this embodiment is implemented. For the method and circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack, the method and the circuit in the present embodiment correspond to the battery pack in terms of setting, executing, and allowing the parameter values such as voltage, current, and capacity. Changes in parameters, such as, after the lead-acid battery pack is forcibly discharged to the battery pack voltage <0V, the battery pack voltage continues to drop to -7V, -10.7V, -12.6V, -15.3V, then stop the forced discharge, forced discharge current It is 0.4 times, 0.6 times, 1 time, and 2 times.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the method and circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to the embodiment are used for a tubular lead-acid battery or a battery pack, a wound lead-acid battery or a battery pack, Bipolar lead-acid battery or battery pack, horizontal lead-lead lead-acid battery or battery pack, foam grid-type lead-acid battery or battery pack, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery or battery pack, colloidal lead-acid battery or battery pack , lead-carbon battery or battery pack, supercapacitor - lead-acid battery or battery pack, column lead-acid battery or battery pack.

Example 8

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is a charge and discharge device, and the charge and discharge device is a battery charge and discharge device. The function of the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment can fully realize the following All the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment provide technical support for the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present invention. .

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a flat-plate type lead-acid battery, which has a structure in which two negative plates are sandwiched by a positive plate, and the positive and negative electrodes are separated by an AGM separator, and the rectangular grid of the positive grid is 9 mm*. The rectangular grid of 7.5mm and negative grid is 13mm*7mm, the material of the positive grid is lead calcium-tin aluminum alloy, the material of the negative grid is lead-calcium aluminum alloy, the thickness of positive plate is 2.8mm, the thickness of negative plate is 1.9. Mm, the formulation of the positive lead paste is basically the same as that of the current common commercial positive lead paste, and the formula differs in that the lead powder used in the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a high specific surface area lead oxide powder having an oxidation degree of 100%, and The amount of sulfuric acid used in the paste is zero, and the negative lead paste is the current common commercial negative lead paste. The rated capacity of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is 1.79 Ah (C _1.5 , 1.5 h rate, 25 ° C), the rated voltage is 2 V, the total capacity of the negative electrode is relatively excessive to the total capacity of the positive electrode, and the dry lead paste on the positive electrode plate after curing and drying The mass is 32.36 g, and the density of the sulfuric acid solution in the lead-acid storage battery of this embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ , and is always in the following cycle of the battery cycle operation and polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment. Keep it adequate. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the positive electrode plate is only used as a positive electrode, and the two negative electrode plates are only used as a negative electrode when the battery is in operation. To facilitate the subsequent polarity reversal operation, the positive electrode plate of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is named. For the electrode A, the two negative plates of the lead-acid battery of this example were named as electrodes B1 and B2.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is that, in the cycle charging and discharging operation of the battery of the embodiment, whenever the working discharge frequency of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment reaches a preset number of times, or Its working discharge capacity, due to softening or/and shedding of positive active material, specific surface area shrinkage of negative active material, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulphation, poor contact between active material and current collector One or more of the above, and below a certain percentage value of its rated capacity (for example, 85.5%, 80%), the automatic or / and manual continuous operation of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present example is started. Two polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, such as softening or/and shedding of the positive active material, specific surface area shrinkage of the negative active material, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, One or more of the problems of sulfation, poor contact between the active material and the current collector are inhibited, prevented, repaired, improved, eliminated or reversed, so that the embodiment After the operation of the acid storage battery, the working discharge capacity is restored or improved, and then the lead acid battery of the embodiment is re-introduced into the circulating charging and discharging work for use or work until the triggering or starting another period of lead acid in the embodiment The positive and negative electrodes of the battery are subjected to two consecutive polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of any one of the two consecutive periods described in this embodiment include the following steps: (1) by reverse charging the lead-acid battery of the embodiment (current is 1194 mA) The method makes the polarity of the original positive electrode (electrode A) of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment and the original negative electrode (electrode B1, B2) reverse or interchange, that is, the polarity of the original positive electrode (electrode A) is reversed. The polarity of the negative and original negative electrodes (electrodes B1, B2) is reversed to positive, which is the polarity reversal of two consecutive periods in this period and the first polarity reversal in the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Then, the positive electrode (electrode B1, B2) and the negative electrode (electrode A) after the first polarity inversion are subjected to constant current charging at 1194 mA to 1.75 V or 2.0 V (at this time, the polarities of the electrodes B1 and B2) Positive, the polarity of the electrode A is negative), and then continue charging for 3 or 4 or 5 hours with a constant current charging mode of 1194 mA (in this process, the main electrode of B1 and B2 is the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. During the charging process, the main occurrence of the electrode A is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery); (2) the end of the previous step For the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the current is discharged at a constant current of 1194 mA to 0 V. (In this process, the main discharge occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2 is the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the electrode A. (3) When the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment reaches 0 V, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is subjected to reverse polarity charging (current of 298 mA) to the lead-acid battery of this embodiment. The electrodes A, B1, and B2 are reversed in polarity again, that is, the electrodes B1 and B2 are inverted from the positive polarity to the negative polarity, and the electrode A is reversed from the negative polarity to the positive polarity. This is the polarity of the current period twice. Inverting and the second polarity inversion in the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, and then charging the lead-acid battery of the embodiment after the second polarity inversion to 1.75V with a constant current of 298 mA, Then, it is charged at a constant current of 477 mA to 2.65 V, and then subjected to constant voltage charging at a constant voltage of 2.65 V for 4 hours, and then discharged to 1.75 V at a current of 1194 mA, and then charged at a constant current of 477 mA to a constant current. 2.65V, then constant pressure of 2.65V When the accumulated time of the 477 mA constant current and 2.65 V constant voltage charging described in the last two steps is 6 hours and 24 minutes, the charging of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and the step (3) is completed, in the step (3). After the second polarity reversal, the charging and discharging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode A, and the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2, and the implementation is completed. In the first stage, the positive and negative polarities are reversed twice and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The system for circulating charge and discharge operation of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is that, in the case of working discharge, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment discharges to a constant current of 1194 mA (0.62 C ₂ ) to 1.75 V, that is, a discharge of 100% DOD (discharge depth). Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is charged to 2.65V at a constant current of 477.6 mA, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to constant voltage charging at a constant voltage of 2.65 V, and when the constant current of 477.6 mA, 2.65 V When the total time of the constant voltage charging is 6 hours and 24 minutes, the charging process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is terminated, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to the above-mentioned working discharge process again, repeatedly and repeatedly. In the discharge and charging process, the cycle charging and discharging working process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is realized. In the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the electrode A is always positive, and the electrodes B1 and B2 are always negative, that is, the charging and discharging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode A, and the lead acid occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2. The charging and discharging process of the negative electrode of the battery. This embodiment eliminates or prevents the interference of the implementation process and the implementation result of the present embodiment by factors such as loss of liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, and test failure.

As shown in FIG. 4, in the process of using or circulating the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, between 199th, 200th, 214th, 215th, and 223th and 224th times of the working discharge, respectively. Between 232, 233, 241, 242, 254, 255, 263, 264, 274, 275, 280, 281, 283, 284, 293, 294, 312, 313, 328, 329, 358, 359, 387, 388, 406, Between 407, 417, 418, 426, 427, 436, 437, 451, 452, 466, 467, 486, 487 Between the positive and negative polarities and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, which are carried out in a total of 22 stages (44 times in total), which are described in this embodiment, are performed twice in a row. In the step (1) of the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, which are performed twice in this embodiment, the 1194 mA constant current is charged to 1.75 V or 2.0 V, and the constant is 1194 mA. Stream charging , 8 are three hours before the first nine of 17 to 4 hours, 5 hours after 5. The conditions for triggering or starting the positive polarity of the positive electrode, the negative polarity, and the subsequent charging or charging/discharging operation of the 22 consecutive stages, the charging state of the battery at the trigger or the start are not completely the same, for example, the 199th The triggering or starting condition of the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations performed twice in one period between 200 times is that the number of working cycles reaches the preset working discharge-charging cycle 199 times, and is in the After the end of 199 working discharges, the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed twice in succession; for example, the polarity inversion is performed twice in two consecutive periods between the 214th and the 215th times. The triggering or starting condition of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is that the working discharge capacity is lower than 85.5% of the rated capacity for the first time, and the positive and negative polarities are continuously performed twice after the end of the 215th working cycle constant voltage charging process. Inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations; for example, the polarity inversion performed in two consecutive phases between the 274th and the 275th cycles and the triggering or starting condition of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is the working discharge The amount is less than 80% of the rated capacity for four consecutive times; for example, the lead acid battery of this embodiment is started when the polarity inversion is performed twice in the first period between the 387th and the 388th times and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is started. It is in the process of charging; in addition, the first time of the period in the step (1) of the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation performed twice in the first period between the 406th and the 407th times The positive electrode (electrode B1, B2) and the negative electrode (electrode A) after polarity inversion are subjected to a constant current charging of 1194 mA to a voltage of 2.0 V; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are successively performed twice in a single period between the 436th and the 437th times. In the step (3) of polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, after the second polarity inversion of the electrodes A, B1, and B2 of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment occurs, the charging and discharging process is The lead-acid battery of this embodiment after the second polarity inversion in this period is charged to 1.75V with a constant current of 298 mA, and then charged to 2.65 V with a constant current of 477 mA, and then a constant voltage of 2.65 V. Perform constant voltage charging for 4 hours, and then directly put the lead-acid battery of this embodiment into the work cycle to use Work, thus eliminating the other phase of the operation step (3) in the other phase of the "discharge to 1.75V current to 1.75V, and then constant current charging to 2.65V with a current of 477mA, and then charged at 2.65V constant voltage, And when the accumulated time of the 477 mA constant current and the 2.65 V constant voltage charging described in the last two steps is 6 hours and 24 minutes, the charging of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and the step (3) is completed.

As shown in FIG. 4, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery in the cycle charge and discharge operation of the present embodiment is completed after the completion of the two consecutive positive and negative pole inversions of the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. They are all obviously upgraded or restored (after inspection, this is due to improvement, repair, and reversal of softening and shedding of the positive active material). If the service life of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is defined as the working discharge capacity is less than 80% (1447 mAh) of its rated capacity three times in succession, it is regarded as the end of the service life of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment, and the lead acid of this embodiment is The service life of the battery is at most 272 working cycles. (The working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery in the present embodiment is 1,434, 1353, and 1279 mAh at 270, 271, and 272 times, respectively, but the positive and negative poles are passed through this embodiment. Sexual reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment (the number of working discharge charging cycles of working discharge capacity above 80% of the rated capacity) is increased or extended to 495 times. It can be inferred that in the case of eliminating the corrosion of the grid, the deformation of the electrode, the loss of the battery, the short circuit of the battery, and the disconnection factor, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment has a longer service life than the 495 cycles.

On the one hand, as described above, the polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations cause the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to be softened and peeled off to be improved, repaired, reversed, thereby In this embodiment, the working discharge capacity in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery is improved or restored after the operation. On the other hand, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the embodiment and the subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations are also inevitable. The problems of electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of active material and current collector, and shrinkage of specific surface area of the anode during the cycle operation of the battery have the effects of improvement, repair, reversal, and prevention. During the normal cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the present embodiment are reversed periodically or irregularly (for example, in a manner of a predetermined number of cycles). And subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations, will effectively improve, repair, reverse, prevent softening or / and shedding of positive active materials, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, active substances and current collectors The problem of poor contact and negative specific surface area shrinkage increases or prolongs the service life of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the pulse current, the pulse voltage may be used instead of the direct current, the constant voltage, and the polarity of the positive electrode, the negative polarity inversion, and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation steps of the present example may be performed. Sexual reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging processes or steps, thereby improving the aging and energy efficiency of the positive and negative polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. In order to prevent or reduce oxygen evolution or hydrogen evolution, it is also possible to limit the polarity reversal and the maximum value of the battery voltage during the post-charge or charge-discharge operation is less than 2.65V, such as 2.5V, 2.44V, 2.33V.

Example 9

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a tubular lead-acid battery having a structure in which two planar grid-type negative electrodes sandwich a tubular positive electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by an AGM separator, and the tubular positive electrode The inner diameter of the outer sleeve is 6.3mm, the wall thickness is 0.25mm, the tube height is 75mm (including the length of the upper and lower plugs), the diameter of the lead-calcium alloy conductive core in the tube is 2.5mm, and the mass of the active material in the tube is 5.5g. It is composed of the current common commercial ball-grinding lead powder. The outer frame size of the negative plate is 72mm*45m, the rectangular grid is 13mm*7mm, and the thickness is 1.9mm. The negative lead paste is the current common commercial negative lead paste. The initial rated capacity of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is 0.342 Ah (C ₂ , 2 h rate, 25 ° C, active material utilization rate is 25.5%), the rated voltage is 2 V, and the total negative electrode capacity is excessively over the total positive electrode capacity. The density of the sulfuric acid solution in the lead-acid battery of the example was 1.27 g/cm ³ , and was always sufficient during the battery cycle operation and the polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment described below. In the present embodiment, the tubular positive electrode is only used as a positive electrode when the lead-acid battery is in operation, and the two negative plates are used only as a negative electrode when the battery is in operation. To facilitate the description of the subsequent polarity reversal operation, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment will be used. The tubular positive electrode was named tube electrode A, and the two negative plates of the lead-acid battery of this example were named plate electrodes B1 and B2. This embodiment eliminates or prevents the interference of the implementation process and the implementation result of the present embodiment by factors such as loss of liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, and test failure.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is that, when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is used or operated in the cycle charging and discharging work, after the cycle reaches a certain number of times or as needed (for example, the positive active material is softened or/ And one or more of falling-off, negative electrode active material specific surface area shrinkage, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, and active material and current collector contact failure factors lead the present embodiment When the working discharge capacity of the acid battery drops below a certain capacity value, it is desirable or necessary to increase the battery discharge capacity or increase or prolong the battery life. Between the two cycles, the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of this example. Automatically and/or manually performing one-stage continuous polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the working-discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is restored or improved after the operation is completed, and then, The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is re-introduced into the cycle charging and discharging work to continue to use or work until it is triggered again or starts again. For the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed twice. Thus, in the cycle charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment (referred to as the cycle work, the following In the process, the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment are repeatedly, interspersed, and multi-stage, by suppressing, preventing, repairing, improving, eliminating or reversing lead acid. One of the problems of softening or/and shedding of the positive electrode active material of the battery, specific surface area shrinkage of the negative electrode active material, electrode/sink/catch corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of the active material and the current collector Or a plurality of, to significantly improve or prolong the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. The polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of any one of the two phases described in this embodiment include the following steps: (1) the method of performing reverse charging of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to make the lead of the embodiment The polarity of the original positive electrode (tubular electrode A) of the acid battery and the original negative electrode (plate electrode B1, B2) are reversed or interchanged, that is, the polarity of the original positive electrode (tube electrode A) is reversed to negative. The polarity of the original negative electrode (plate electrodes B1, B2) is reversed to positive, which is the polarity inversion of two consecutive periods in this period and the first polarity inversion in the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Then, the positive electrode (plate electrode B1, B2) and the negative electrode (tube electrode A) after the first polarity inversion are subjected to constant current charging for a certain period of time (the polarity of the plate electrodes B1, B2 is positive in this process). The polarity of the tube electrode A is negative, and the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs mainly on the plate electrodes B1 and B2, and the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the tube electrode A) (2) After the end of the previous step, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is constant at a constant current. Flow discharge to 0V (in this process, the main discharge occurs on the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the tube electrode A); When the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment reaches 0 V, the tube electrode A and the plate electrodes B1 and B2 of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are again polarized by the method of reversely charging the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. Inversion, that is, the plate electrodes B1 and B2 are inverted from the positive polarity to the negative polarity, and the tubular electrode A is reversed from the negative polarity to the positive polarity, which is the polarity inversion of the two consecutive periods in this period and the subsequent charge or The second polarity inversion in the charge and discharge operation, and then charging the lead acid battery of the embodiment after the second polarity inversion to 2.65V and then 2.65V with one or more currents. The constant voltage is charged for 4 hours at a constant voltage, and then discharged to 1.75V at a certain current, and then charged to 2.65V with a constant current at a constant current, and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.65V, and in the last two steps. The constant current, 2.65V constant voltage charging When the value is a certain value, the charging of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and the step (3) is completed. In the step (3), during the charging and discharging process after the second polarity reversal is completed, the tube type is On the electrode A, the charging and discharging processes of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occur, and the charging and discharging processes of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occur on the plate electrodes B1 and B2. At this point, the positive and negative polarities of the first and second consecutive phases are completed. Reverse and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

In the present embodiment, the lead-acid battery has a plurality of working systems in the whole cycle of charging and discharging, and according to the sequence of work, there are sequential, charging and discharging working systems (1): in this embodiment, the lead-acid battery is formed. After completion, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is discharged at a constant current of 151.7 mA to 1.75 V, that is, a discharge of 100% DOD (discharge depth), and then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is charged at a constant current of 60.8 mA for 7 hours 24 . Divide, repeat, cycle the discharge and charging process of the working system; cycle charge and discharge work system (2): change the 60.8 mA, 7 hour 24 minute constant current charging process in the working system (1) to 60.8 mA, 8 24 hours constant current charging, the other working system content is unchanged, so that the lead-acid battery of this embodiment repeats and cycles the charging and discharging process of the working system; the circulating charging and discharging working system (3): the working system (2) 60.8mA, 8 hours and 24 minutes constant current charging process is changed to 60.8mA constant current charging, then when the voltage reaches 2.65V, it is converted into 2.75V constant voltage charging for the battery of this embodiment, and each cycle The constant current charging of 60.8 mA and the constant voltage charging time of 2.65 V are equal to 9 hours 24, and the contents of other working systems are unchanged. Thus, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is repeated and circulated to perform charging and discharging processes of the working system; Cycle charge and discharge working system (4): Change the working system (3) to first perform constant current charging of 605.5 mA, and then, after the voltage reaches 2.65 V, convert to a constant voltage charging of 2.65 V for the battery of the embodiment, and The constant current charging of 605.5 mA in each cycle and the total voltage charging time of 2.65 V are equal to 26 min, and then a constant current discharge of 1518.8 mA is performed to 1.75 V for the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. Thus, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is repeated. Recycling the charging and discharging process of the working system; circulating charging and discharging working system (5): changing the constant current discharge cutoff voltage in the working system (4) from 1.75V to 1.5V, and the contents of other working systems remain unchanged. In this way, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is repeatedly and cyclically subjected to the charging and discharging process of the working system; the circulating charging and discharging working system (6): the total time of constant current charging and constant voltage charging in the working system (5) is 26min changed to 35m In, the contents of other work systems are unchanged, so that the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is repeated and cyclically performs the charging and discharging process of the working system; the circulating charge and discharge working system (7): the constant current discharge in the working system (6) The cut-off voltage is changed from 1.5V to 1.0V; the contents of other working systems are unchanged, so that the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is repeated and cyclically charged and discharged during the working system; the circulating charge and discharge working system (8): first Carrying a constant current charge of 92.4 mA to 2.65 V, then performing constant voltage charging at 2.65 V until the total accumulated charging time is 9 hours and 24 minutes, then discharging to a constant current of 152.8 mA to 1.75 V, and then repeating the charging step of the system. In this way, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is repeated and circulated to perform the charging and discharging process of the working system; the circulating charging and discharging working system (9): firstly performing constant current charging of 92.4 mA to 2.65 V, and then performing 2.65 V constant The charging is completed until the total accumulated charging time is 9 hours and 24 minutes, and then discharged to 1.75V with a constant current of 228 mA, and then the charging step of the system is repeated, and the contents of the other working systems are unchanged. Thus, the lead acid storage of the present embodiment is made. Electricity Repeat cycle charge and discharge process of the working system.

The specific operation process of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is as shown in FIG. 5, in the process of circulating charge and discharge of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, timely interspersed for one period of two consecutive periods. Secondary positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. As shown in FIG. 6, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is first cycled according to the cyclic charging and discharging working system (1) of the present embodiment, and after the total accumulated 195 cycles of operation, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is further in accordance with the present invention. The cyclic charging and discharging working system of the embodiment (2) performs the cyclic working until the total accumulated 199 cycles of operation, and then the lead-acid storage battery of the embodiment is cycled according to the circulating charging and discharging working system of the embodiment (3). After the total accumulated 266 cycles of operation, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is cycled according to the cyclic charge and discharge working system (4) of the present embodiment, and after the total accumulated 304 cycles of operation, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is started. Performing the first and second consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and the subsequent charge and discharge operations: first, the first time of the operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment by the method of reverse polarity charging at 1518 mA. The polarities of the positive and negative poles are reversed, so that the polarity of the tube electrode A of the battery of the embodiment is reversed from negative to negative, and the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is reversed from negative to positive, and then the current is 1518 mA. The battery of this embodiment after the first polarity reversal of the period was subjected to constant current charging for 1 hour and 24 minutes (the polarity of the tube electrode A was negative in this process, and the lead-acid battery mainly occurred on the tube electrode A). During the charging process of the negative electrode reaction, the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is positive, the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred on the plate electrodes B1 and B2, and then the lead of the embodiment is further applied at a current of 1518 mA. The acid battery is discharged for 7s to 0V (the polarity of the tube electrode A is negative in this process, and the main discharge of the tube electrode A is the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is positive. The discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred on the plate electrodes B1 and B2); then the second positive and negative polarity of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is performed by the method of constant current and reverse polarity charging of 300 mA. Inverted so that the polarity of the tube electrode A of the battery of the present embodiment is reversed from negative to positive, the polarity of the plate electrodes B1, B2 is reversed from negative to negative, and then, the current is continued at 300 mA. Lead-acid battery is charged to 1.7 5V, then charge with a constant current of 605.5mA for 26min to 2.43V, then discharge to a constant current of 1518mA to 1.75V, repeat 605.5mA constant current charging for 26min, 1518mA discharge twice, then, make the lead-acid battery of this embodiment re-press The circulating charging and discharging working electric system (4) of the present embodiment works until the total accumulated 411 cycles of operation, and then the lead-acid storage battery of the embodiment is cycled according to the circulating charging and discharging working system (5) of the embodiment. After the total accumulated 440 cycles of operation, the lead acid battery of the present embodiment is cycled according to the cyclic charge and discharge working system (6) of the present embodiment, until the total accumulated 475 cycles of operation, and then the lead acid of the embodiment is further The battery is circulated according to the cyclic charging and discharging working system (7) of the embodiment, and after the total accumulated 652 cycles of operation, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to the second consecutive two positive and negative polarity reversals and Subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation: firstly, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to constant current discharge to 0 V at a current of 1518 mA, and then the lead of the embodiment is charged by the method of 1518 mA and reverse polarity charging. The polarity of the battery is reversed, so that the polarity of the tube electrode A of the battery of the embodiment is reversed from negative to negative, and the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is reversed from negative to positive, which is two consecutive periods. The first polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities and the first polarity reversal of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and then the constant polarity charging of the battery after the first polarity reversal of the operation is performed at a current of 1518 mA. 2 hours and 45 minutes (the polarity of the tube electrode A is negative in this process, the main occurrence of the tube electrode A is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, the polarity of the plate electrodes B1, B2 is positive, the plate electrode B1 and B2 mainly occur in the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery.) Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is discharged to 0 V at a current of 1518 mA (the polarity of the tube electrode A is negative in this process, The main occurrence of the tube electrode A is the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. The polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is positive, and the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the plate electrodes B1 and B2. ; then 300mA, reverse polarity charging The second positive and negative polarities of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment are reversed, so that the polarity of the tubular electrode A of the battery of the embodiment is reversed from negative to positive, and the polarities of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 are from It is being reversed to negative, then charged to 1.75V with a constant current of 300mA, then discharged for 5 seconds at 1518mA, then charged for 2min with a constant current of 905mA, then discharged with a constant current of 1518mA for 29 seconds, then charged with 905mA constant current for 35min. After 1518 mA constant current discharge to 1.0 V, repeat 905 mA constant current charge for 35 min, 1518 mA constant current discharge to 1.0 V, then charge at 905 mA for 2 hours 45 min, then 1518 mA discharge to 1.0 V, then, lead in this example The acid storage battery is circulated according to the cyclic charge and discharge operation system (7) of the present embodiment, and the lead-acid storage battery of the embodiment is charged and discharged according to the embodiment, after the total of 714 cycles of the lead-acid storage battery of the embodiment. The working system (8) performs the cyclic work until the total accumulated 732 cycles work, and then the lead-acid storage battery of the embodiment is cycled according to the cyclic charging and discharging working system (9) of the present embodiment until the total cumulative 751 cycles work. Rear Performing the third phase of the positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is in the charging state of the 752th cycle, the charging is stopped, and then the charging is stopped. For the battery of the present embodiment, the polarity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is reversed by the method of reverse polarity charging at 456 mA, so that the polarity of the tube electrode A of the battery of the embodiment is reversed from negative to negative, and the plate electrode is reversed. The polarity of B1 and B2 is reversed from negative to positive, which is the first polarity reversal of the operation of this period, and then the battery of this embodiment after the first polarity reversal of the period is performed with a current of 456 mA. Constant current charging for 4 hours and 15 minutes (in this process, the polarity of the tube electrode A is negative, the main occurrence of the tube electrode A is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is positive. The main electrode on the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is the charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery), and then the second time of the operation of the battery of this embodiment is performed by the method of reverse polarity charging with a current of 456 mA. , the polarity of the negative pole is reversed, that is, the tube type The polarity of the electrode A is reversed from negative to positive, the polarity of the plate electrodes B1, B2 is reversed from negative to negative, and then continues to be charged to 2.65V with a constant current of 456mA, and then discharged to 1.75V with a constant current of 228mA ( During the second positive and negative polarity inversion of the operation and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge reaction occurring on the tubular electrode A is reversed from the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. During the charging and discharging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the electrode reaction occurring on the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is reversed from the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery to the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery), and then The lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is subjected to a cyclic operation in accordance with the cycle charge and discharge working system (9) of the present embodiment.

In the lead-acid battery of this embodiment, the polarity of the tube electrode A is always positive during the cyclic operation, and the polarity of the plate electrodes B1 and B2 is always negative, that is, the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the tube electrode A. During the charging and discharging process, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the plate electrodes B1 and B2.

As shown in FIG. 6, after completing the two consecutive positive and negative pole inversions of the present embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is obviously improved. Or recovery (this is due to repair, improvement, elimination or reversal of the positive active material softening or / and shedding of lead-acid batteries, electrode / sink / current collector corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, activity One or more of the problems of poor contact between the substance and the current collector). If the rated capacity under the cyclic charging and discharging working system (4) of the present embodiment is defined as 106.6 mAh, and the battery life is terminated after three consecutive times less than 80% of the rated capacity, the battery life after the 278th cycle Has been terminated, or, if the rated capacity under the cycle charging and discharging working system (7) of the present embodiment is 288.8 mAh, and the battery life is terminated after three consecutive times less than 90% of the rated capacity, then the 582th The battery life has expired after the second cycle, or if the rated capacity under the cycle charge and discharge working system (9) of this embodiment is 562.2mAh, and the battery life is terminated after three consecutive times less than 88% of the rated capacity Then, after the 750th cycle, the battery life has been terminated, but as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the 304th and 305th times of the total cumulative cycle number of the lead-acid battery cycle charge and discharge operation in the present embodiment respectively. During the first, second, and third phases between the 652th, 653th, and 751th, 752th and 752th consecutive times, the positive and negative polarities of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment are reversed and thereafter. The electric or charging and discharging operation, the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is obviously improved or prolonged, and it can be presumed that the utility model is used without being interfered by problems such as corrosion, deformation, battery loss, short circuit, open circuit and the like. The method of the embodiment can make the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment more improved or prolonged.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the pulse current and the pulse voltage may be used instead of the direct current and the constant voltage to perform the polarity inversion in the two consecutive polarity inversions of the present example and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation steps. Subsequent charging or charging and discharging steps or processes are advantageous for improving the aging and energy efficiency of the polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

Example 10

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in the embodiment is a charge and discharge device, and the charge and discharge device is a battery pack management system. The function of the battery pack management system of the embodiment can fully realize the following All the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment provide technical support for the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack.

The lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is a flat-plate type lead-acid battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 4V, the designed rated capacity is 2.996Ah (C _3.5 , 3.5h rate, 25° C.), and the total anode capacity is relatively Excessive in the total positive electrode capacity, the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is formed by two single-cell lead-acid batteries which are identical to each other, and each single cell is composed of three negative plates and two positive plates, and each two negative plates There is a positive plate between the positive and negative plates. The outer frame of the positive and negative plates has the same size, the height×width is 38mm×68mm, and the grids of the positive and negative plates are rectangular. The grid is 11mm*5mm, the thickness of the positive plate is 2.1mm, and the thickness of the negative plate is 1.3. The positive paste of the positive plate is the current common commercial positive lead paste (the formula includes ball-milled lead powder, sulfuric acid, positive electrode additive, but does not include Barium sulfate) and negative electrode paste are the current common commercial negative electrode pastes (the formulation includes ball-milled lead powder, sulfuric acid, and negative electrode additives). The density of the sulfuric acid solution in the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ , and is as follows. The battery pack of this embodiment is cyclically operated and After the polarity inversion and the negative electrode during the charging or discharging operation of the charge remains sufficient. In the case of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, the positive electrode plate is only used as a positive electrode, and the negative electrode plate is only used as a negative electrode. To facilitate the subsequent polarity inversion operation, the four positive plates of the lead-acid battery group of the present embodiment are used. The plates are named as electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. The six negative plates of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are named as electrodes B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6, respectively. The output end of the battery pack connected to the positive electrode plate of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is named as the output end K of the battery pack, and the output end connected to the negative electrode plate of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is named as the output end L of the battery pack. This embodiment eliminates or prevents the interference of the implementation process and the implementation result of the present embodiment by factors such as loss of liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, and test failure.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in the embodiment is that when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is used or operated in the cyclic charge and discharge operation (for example, the cycle charge and discharge work has been completed more than once) Due to the cyclic charge and discharge, overcharge, undercharge, high active material utilization rate, grid corrosion and passivation of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, the positive active material is softened or/and detached, sulfated, One or more of the reasons of passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of the active material with the current collector, shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material, etc., such that the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is decreased, as needed ( For example, in this embodiment, when the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack decreases and is lower than a certain capacity value, it is desirable or necessary to increase the working discharge capacity of the battery pack or increase or extend the service life of the battery pack, or at a predetermined number of cycles. Between the cyclic work, the positive and negative polarities of the lead-acid battery pack of this example are automatically or/and manually performed for two consecutive positive and negative polarities. Turning on and after charging or charging and discharging operations, improving, repairing, eliminating, reversing, suppressing, preventing softening of the positive electrode active material, shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, corrosion, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, active substances and sets The problem of poor fluid contact, etc., enables the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment to recover or improve the working discharge capacity after completing the polarity reversal of two consecutive phases and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. After the two positive and negative polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is put back into the cyclic charging and discharging work for use or work until it is triggered again or another period begins. The positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are subjected to two consecutive polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of any one of the two phases described in this embodiment include the steps of: (1) stopping the operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and then passing the lead-acid battery of the embodiment; The method of performing reverse polarity charging causes the polarity of the original positive output terminal (battery output terminal K) of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment to be reversed or interchanged with the original negative output terminal (battery output terminal L). , that is, the polarity of the original positive output terminal (battery output terminal K) is reversed to negative, and the polarity of the original negative output terminal (battery output terminal L) is reversed to positive by negative, which is the The polarity inversion of two consecutive periods and the first polarity inversion in the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and then, the constant current of the battery pack of the present embodiment after the first polarity inversion is performed ( For example, 0.7C _3.5 , 1.5C _3.5 ) The voltage at the output of the battery pack is 3.5V (the polarity of the output terminal L of the battery pack is positive, and the polarity of the output terminal K of the battery pack is negative. In this process, the electrode B1 The main occurrence of all or some of the electrodes in B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6 is lead-acid storage. During the charging process of the positive electrode reaction, all or part of the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 mainly occur in the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery) and after reaching 3.5V, the charging is continued for a certain period of time (for example, 2) Hours, 5 hours, during this process, the polarity of the output terminal L of the battery pack is positive, and the polarity of the output terminal K of the battery pack is negative); (2) After the last step, a certain current is applied to the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment. (eg 0.7C _3.5 , 1.5C _3.5 , 0.4C _3.5 , 0.1C _3.5 ), reverse charging method, so that the original positive output terminal (battery output terminal K) of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment and the original negative output The polarity of the terminal (battery output terminal L) is reversed or interchanged again, that is, the polarity of the original positive output terminal (battery output terminal K) is reversed from negative to positive, the original negative output (battery pack) The polarity of the output terminal L) is reversed to be negative, which is the polarity inversion of two consecutive periods of the period and the second polarity inversion in the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The second positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The electrode reaction occurring on all or part of the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 is reversed from the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery to the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the electrodes B1, B2, B3, and B4 The electrode reaction occurring on all electrodes or parts of B5 and B6 is reversed from the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery to the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and then one or more currents or voltages (such as DC) , constant voltage or pulse current, pulse voltage), the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment after the second polarity reversal is charged to 5.4V, and then constant voltage charging is performed for 4 hours at a constant voltage of 5.2V. Step (2) is completed, and then the battery pack of the embodiment is reintroduced into the cyclic charge and discharge operation to be used or operated.

In addition, the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment also delay or repair the corrosion of the current collectors and the confluent fluid of the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 to some extent.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the pulse current and the pulse voltage may be used instead of the direct current and the constant voltage to perform the polarity inversion in the two consecutive polarity inversions of the present example and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation steps. Subsequent charging or charging and discharging, thereby improving the aging and energy efficiency of the polarity reversal of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery pack (VRLAB) of the present embodiment has a rated voltage of U volts, a rated capacity of C ₂ (2h rate, 25° C.), and a C ₅ (5h rate, 25°C) or C ₂₀ (20h rate, 25°C), where U= ₆ , 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 or 72, C ₂ = 6.5Ah, 12Ah, 14Ah, 16Ah, 20Ah, 24Ah, 30Ah or 32Ah , or, C ₅ = 8.6 Ah, 15.9 Ah, 18.6 Ah, 21.2 Ah, 26.5 Ah, 31.9 Ah, 39.8 Ah or 42.5 Ah or C ₂₀ = 10.4 Ah, 19.2 Ah, 22.4 Ah, 25.6 Ah, 32 Ah, 38.4 Ah , 48Ah or 51.2Ah. The positive electrode of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An (n = positive integer), and is connected to the output terminal A of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment. The negative electrode is the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn (n = positive integer), and is connected to the output terminal B of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment. The specific operation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is that after the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to the cyclic charge and discharge operation more than once, the cycle of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is The working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is softened, sulphated, oxidized, passivated, early capacity loss, active substances and sets due to charging, overcharging, undercharging, high active material utilization and the like. One or more of the reasons of poor fluid contact, shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material, etc., cause the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment to decrease, and the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment drops to When the rated capacity C ₂ , C ₅ or C ₂₀ is 60%, 75%, 80%, 90% or 95%, or the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is charged, the rate of increase of the charging voltage is increased by 10%. At 15%, 20%, 30%, or 50%, or when the cycle work reaches a certain number of times, the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is automatically and/or manually operated for one period. Sub-polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, operation step (1): reverse-charging the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment with a certain current source or/and a voltage source, and charging the anode The voltage at which the current is one or more of C ₂ , C ₅ , 0.5 C ₂₀ , 0.3 C ₂ , 3 C ₂ , or ₅ C ₅ or the reverse polarity is 0.5 U volts, U volts, 1.5 volts, 2 volts. One or more of the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are reversed from the original positive polarity to the negative polarity, and the electrodes B1, B2, ..., The polarity of Bn is reversed from the original negative polarity to positive polarity (this is the first polarity reversal of this period), and then, step (2) is operated: charging and discharging of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is continued. , the charging or discharging current is one or more of C ₂ , C ₅ , 0.5 C ₂₀ , 0.3 C ₂ , 3 C ₂ , or ₅ C ₅ or the charging or discharging voltage is 0.5 UV, U volt, 1.5 U volt, One or more of 2U volts, such that the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are subjected to a charging or/and discharging reaction process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the electrodes B1, B2 ..., or lead-acid battery charge / discharge reaction of the positive electrode and the electrode reaction occurs on Bn, when the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the charging or discharging battery group reaches _{_{_{4C 2, 3C 5, 0.5C 20}}} , 0.3C 2, 3C ₂ , or 5C ₅ o'clock or when the voltage reaches 0.6UV, UV, 1.2UV, 2.1UV, then operate step (3): 3C ₂ , 2.5C ₅ , 0.5C ₂₀ , 0.8C ₂ , One or more of 6C ₂ or 2C ₅ currents perform reverse polarity charging on the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, so that the lead-acid battery is generated on the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment. The discharge process of the reaction of the negative electrode and the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occur on the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn until the polarity of the electrodes A1, A2, ... An is reversed to the positive electrode by the negative polarity The polarity of the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn is reversed from the positive polarity to the negative polarity (this is the second polarity reversal of the current period), and then the step (4) is operated: for the present embodiment lead-acid batteries continue charging or charging and discharging, charging or discharging current of _{_{_{C 2, 2C 5, 0.5C 20}}} , 0.1C 2, 3C 2, or one or more of 0.05C ₅ Or the charging voltage is one or more of 0.7UV, 0.9UV, 1.1UV, and 1.7UV, and the charging and discharging is DC or pulse charging and discharging, so that the electrodes A1 and A2 of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment are provided. ..., An charging or / and discharging process in which the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts, and a charging or discharging process in which the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn. When the charge or discharge and discharge of the lead-acid battery pack reaches a certain value, for example, 6C ₂ , 3C ₅ , 2C ₂₀ , 8C ₂ , 3C ₂ , 0.5C ₂ , or 2C ₅ , or the battery voltage reaches a certain value. When the value is, for example, 0.7 UV, 0.9 UV, 1.05 UV or 1.4 UV, the working discharge capacity or working capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is restored or improved, and the positive and negative polarities of the current two consecutive times are ended. After the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is put into the circulating work to work or use. Thus, similarly, according to the method for increasing or lengthening the lead-acid battery pack according to the embodiment, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is timely, periodically or irregularly (for example, in a manner of specifying the number of cycles) according to needs or settings. During a two-cycle operation, the group performs one or more consecutive polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment does not have a battery loss or short circuit. Effectively improve, repair, reverse, eliminate, inhibit, prevent softening or/and shedding of positive active materials, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulphation, active substances in the event of mechanical breakage or grid damage. The problem of poor contact with the current collector and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, thereby repeatedly, repeatedly, repairing, restoring or improving the working discharge capacity or working capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, thereby improving or prolonging the lead acid of the embodiment. The life of the battery pack.

Example 11

The embodiment relates to a method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery, a battery charge and discharge device, a lead-acid battery electrode current collector, a lead paste, a lead-acid battery electrode, and a lead-acid battery, wherein the charge and discharge device of the embodiment has lead The positive and negative electrodes of the acid battery perform the functions of polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations and the programmable execution function. In this embodiment, the battery charge and discharge device is switched on and off by the contact circuit of the relay circuit included therein. The polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the output terminal is realized, so that when the output end of the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment is connected to the lead acid battery electrode of the embodiment, the battery charge and discharge device of the embodiment can pass the polarity of the output end thereof. The charging, charging or charging/discharging operation after the inversion and polarity inversion is performed on the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, and the charging or charging/discharging operation is performed after the polarity is reversed and the polarity is reversed, and all of the following embodiments are used. The operation of the battery is realized by the function and operation of the battery charger and discharger of this embodiment unless otherwise specified. The lead-acid battery of the present embodiment has a rated voltage of 2V and a designed rated capacity of 745mAh (2h rate, 25°C). The lead-acid battery of the embodiment includes two planar grid electrodes, and the two electrodes are positive and negative common electrodes. (ie, the electrode common to the positive electrode and the negative electrode), and the two electrodes are the same positive electrode and the negative electrode, that is, the manufacturing error caused when the electrode is manufactured is not considered, and the two lead-acid battery electrodes of this embodiment are formed before being formed. , in all the electrode composition, manufacturing aspects (such as electrode structure, shape, current collector, lead paste formulation and lead paste quality, manufacturing process, etc.) are exactly the same, after being formed, the two electrodes are respectively formed into a positive electrode and The negative electrode, the two electrodes are named as electrode A and electrode B, respectively, and the average mass of the active material on each electrode is 12.17 g. The two electrodes are separated by an AGM separator, and the two electrodes are lead acid in this embodiment. When the battery is in operation, it is not always fixed as the positive electrode or the negative electrode. In the beginning, the electrode A is used as the positive electrode and the electrode B is used as the negative electrode (denoted as A+/B-. Similarly, when the electrode A is used as the negative electrode and the electrode B is used as the positive electrode, it is recorded as A- / B+, the following is the same) to carry out the formation and operation of the battery. In this embodiment, the electrode current collector of the lead-acid battery is made of pure lead (the lead content is 99.994%, the same below), as shown in Fig. 7, which is a planar grid type set. The width of the current collector is 40 mm×70 mm, the thickness of the frame 2 is 1.2 mm×1.5 mm, and the thickness of the grid sheet 3 in the current collector frame is 0.1 mm. The grid sheet is evenly distributed. A circular hole 4 having a diameter of 2.5 mm is opened, and the distance between the edges of each of the two circular holes 4 is 2.5 mm. The lead paste formulation of this embodiment includes lead oxide powder (100% oxidation degree) and BaSO ₄ (0.8%, The mass percentage, relative to the lead oxide powder, the sulfuric acid, the water, the short fiber, the lead acid battery electrode of the embodiment, including the current collector of the embodiment and the lead paste of the embodiment, uniformly apply the lead paste of the embodiment to the present embodiment. For example, the lead liquid on the surface of the electrode plate is parallel to the surface of the frame of the current collector, and is placed in the air at room temperature (about 15 ° C) to dry slightly to obtain the electrode of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, and the outer shape thereof is wide × The height x thickness is 40 mm x 70 mm x 1.2 mm. The density of the sulfuric acid solution in the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ . This embodiment eliminates or prevents the interference of the liquid-phase, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure and the like on the implementation process and the implementation result of the embodiment.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is as follows: Firstly, the battery of the embodiment is subjected to cyclic charging and discharging work, and the working system is: when the battery is in the state of charging, the battery of the embodiment is performed with a constant current of 337 mA. Discharge, when the battery voltage ≤ 1.75V, stop discharging, then charge the battery with a constant current of 201mA, and after measuring the battery voltage reaches 2.65V, convert to continue charging the battery at a constant voltage of 2.65V, twice ( Constant current, constant voltage) The total charging time is 7 hours and 24 minutes (except for special instructions). Then, the above discharge process is repeated with a constant current of 337 mA, so that the battery is cycled and discharged, and the battery working environment is repeated. The temperature is 25 ± 1 °C. Secondly, when the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment has reached a predetermined value in the above-mentioned work or its working discharge capacity, the positive electrode active material softens or/and falls off, the negative electrode specific surface area shrinks, and the current collector or sink Fluid corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, one or more of the problem of poor contact between active material and current collector, and drop to a certain capacity value (for example, the cycle set in this embodiment is respectively 15 consecutive operations, 12 consecutive cycles, 13 consecutive cycles, 360mAh, 870mAh, ..., as follows), stop the battery, start a single positive and negative polarity reversal and then charge the battery. Or charge and discharge operation, after the operation is completed, the battery is operated under the original working system, and the positive electrode of the battery before the polarity reversal is operated as a negative electrode after the polarity is reversed, and the battery negative electrode before the polarity is reversed. After the polarity is reversed, it works as a positive electrode until it triggers or starts the next single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so much In the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is subjected to a single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the electrode of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is provided. A sometimes works as a positive electrode and sometimes as a negative electrode, and the corresponding electrode B sometimes operates as a negative electrode and sometimes as a positive electrode to improve, repair, eliminate, reverse, suppress or prevent softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the battery of the present embodiment. One or more of negative electrode specific surface area shrinkage, electrode/cluster/sink corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulphation, poor contact between active material and current collector, and the working discharge charging capability of the battery of the present embodiment Improvement, recovery, improvement or maintenance is performed after each operation to achieve an increase or increase in the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. The cycle operation process of the battery of the embodiment is also implemented by the charging and discharging functions of the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment (hereinafter all the operations and measurements of the battery are charged and discharged by the battery of the embodiment except that the manual is specifically described. The appliance is programmed and implemented.

Pressing, initially set by programming, when the number of working discharges of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment is continuously accumulated for 15 times, the battery operation is stopped and the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging of the battery are started. Or charge and discharge operation. As shown in FIG. 8, in the 1st-15th cycle operation, the electrode state of the battery of this embodiment is A+/B-, at which time the positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B. In the -15 cycle operation, the discharge capacity of the battery of this embodiment is gradually reduced. After inspection, this is mainly caused by softening and falling off of the positive active material (with high content of BaSO ₄ and high active material utilization in the lead paste, The electrode is not related to the standard curing process, deep discharge, etc., and the discharge capacity is 638 mAh after the 15th discharge. At this time, according to the program setting, the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment automatically stops the operation of the battery, and prepares and officially performs the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. That is, after the end of the 15th working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V), the battery operation is stopped, and then the battery continues to discharge at a constant current of 337 mA for 1 hour, which causes the battery voltage to drop to 0.04 V, and then stops discharging. The polarity of the positive and negative poles of the battery is reversed, that is, the polarity of the output end of the battery charger is reversed by the polarity of the battery (the polarity reversal at the output of the charger is touched by a relay circuit in the charger/discharger). The connection state between the charge and discharge device and the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is connected from the positive electrode output end of the charge and discharge device to the lead-acid battery electrode A, the negative electrode output end of the charge and discharge device and the lead-acid battery electrode. B connection, change to, the negative output terminal of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode A, and the positive output end of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode B. After the connection state is changed, the measured The cell voltage is negative, and then the battery of this embodiment is charged with a constant current of 169 mA, so that the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0 V and then rises to 1.75 V (the first polarity of the battery of this embodiment occurs in this process). In the process of increasing the battery voltage from a negative value to 0V, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, and the battery voltage rises from 0V to 1.75V. During the process of charging, the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode A, and the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode B.) After the battery voltage reaches 1.75V, the battery is continuously charged to 2.65 with a constant current of 269 mA. V, then discharge the battery with a constant current of 337 mA to 1.75 V, and then charge the battery with a constant current of 201 mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65 V and the battery is subjected to constant voltage charging at 2.65 V. The total time of the secondary charging (constant current, constant voltage) is 7 hours and 24 minutes. At this point, the first single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging of the battery of the embodiment are completed. Electrical or charge and discharge operation, at this time the electrode state of the battery has been reversed from A+/B- to A-/B+. Then, the electrode A is operated as a negative electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a positive electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 16th operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the battery has a discharge capacity of 938.2 mAh in the 16th cycle, which is significantly larger than the 15th time. of. During this polarity reversal and before the battery resumes operation, the charging capacity of the battery is 4477 mAh.

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and after the 16th cycle operation, the trigger condition for the battery charging and the negative polarity reversal and the following charging or charging and discharging operations is changed by programming. The setting is: when the working discharge of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment reaches 12 consecutive times, the battery operation is stopped and the second single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are started on the battery. . As shown in FIG. 8, in the 16th to 27th cycle of the battery of this embodiment, the electrode state of the battery of this embodiment is A-/B+, and at this time, the negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the electrode B occurs. The positive electrode reaction, the discharge capacity gradually decreased from 938.2 mAh to 849 mAh during the 16-27th cycle. When the 27th battery discharge ended, according to the program setting, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery were triggered. The inversion of the sex and the starting condition of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation. Therefore, the charger and the charger of the embodiment automatically start the second single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging. Preparation and formal operation of the discharge operation, that is, after the end of the 27th working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V), the battery operation is stopped, and the battery is continuously discharged at a constant current of 337 mA for 1 hour, which causes the battery voltage to drop. 0.02V, then stop the discharge, the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the battery is reversed, that is, the polarity of the output end of the charger and the discharger is reversed by the polarity (the polarity reversal at the output end of the charge and discharge device is through the charge and discharge device) Relay circuit inside The connection state of the charge and discharge device and the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is connected from the positive electrode output end of the charge and discharge device to the lead acid battery electrode B, the negative electrode output end of the charge and discharge device and the lead acid battery electrode. A connection is changed, the positive output end of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode A, and the negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode B. After the connection state is changed, the measured battery voltage is a negative value. Then, the battery of this embodiment is charged at a constant current of 269 mA, so that the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0 V and then rises to 2.65 V (the second polarity reversal of the battery of this embodiment occurs in this process, wherein the battery voltage is from During the negative value rise to 0V, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B. The battery voltage rises from 0V to 2.65V during the process of the electrode A. The charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the charging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode B), and thus, the battery of the embodiment is completed. The second single positive charge, and subsequent negative polarity or charge and discharge operation, at this time the state of the battery electrodes from A- / B + is inverted to A + / B-. Then, the electrode A is operated as a positive electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a negative electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 28th operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the second single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the battery has a discharge capacity of 680 mAh in the 28th cycle operation state, even the 30th cycle operation. The discharge capacity of 796mAh (this polarity reversal and the maximum discharge capacity after charging or charging and discharging operations) are lower than the 27th working discharge capacity, which should be insufficiently charged after the polarity is reversed. Related to this, the total charging capacity of the battery during this polarity reversal and before the battery is restored is 724mAh.

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and after the 29th cycle operation, the trigger condition of the battery charging and charging and discharging operations of the battery positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging is changed by programming. It is set to: when the working discharge of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment reaches 13 consecutive times, the battery operation is stopped and the third single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are started on the battery. . As shown in Fig. 8, in the 28th-40th cycle operation, the electrode state of the battery of the embodiment is A+/B-, at which time the positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, the negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, and the battery discharges during operation. At the 40th time, the discharge capacity is reduced to 611 mAh. According to the program setting, the start condition of the positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging/discharging operation is triggered, and the battery is stopped. In the present embodiment, the charge and discharge device starts to prepare and officially perform the third single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the battery, that is, after the 40th working discharge is finished. (At this time, the battery voltage is 1.75V), the battery operation is stopped, and the battery continues to discharge at a constant current of 337 mA for 1 hour. This process causes the battery voltage to drop to -0.05 V, and then stops discharging, and the battery is subjected to the first embodiment as in this embodiment. The battery was subjected to the same operation of single positive and negative polarity inversion, and then the battery of the present embodiment in which the electrode connection state was changed was charged for 45 minutes with a constant current of 200 mA, and then continued with a constant current of 269 mA. Charge the battery to 2.65V, then discharge the battery to a constant current of 337mA to 1.75V, and then charge the battery with a constant current of 201mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65V and the battery is constant at 2.65V. Pressure charging, the total time of the last two charges (constant current, constant voltage) is 7 hours and 24 minutes. At this point, the third single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or Charge and discharge operation, at this time the electrode state of the battery has been reversed from A+/B- to A-/B+. Then, the electrode A is operated as a negative electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a positive electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 41st operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the third single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery during the 41st cycle is 533 mAh, which is lower than the 40th cycle. The discharge capacity is 611mAh, which is also related to the insufficient charge after the polarity reversal. The total charge capacity of the battery during the period after the polarity reversal and the battery recovery work is 925mAh, especially the polarity reversal. The first total charge after the turn is only 412mAh.

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system, and after the 41st cycle operation, the trigger conditions of the charging and charging/discharging operations of the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are changed by programming. Therefore, when the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is lower than 360 mAh, the battery operation is stopped and the fourth single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are started. As shown in FIG. 8, in the 41st to 51th cycle of the battery of this embodiment, the electrode state of the battery of this embodiment is A-/B+, at which time a negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and a positive electrode occurs on the electrode B. Reaction, when the battery is cycled to the 51st time, its working discharge capacity drops to 354mAh. According to the program setting, the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and the start of charging or charging and discharging operations are triggered. Condition, therefore, the charger and discharger of the embodiment automatically stops the operation of the battery, and starts preparation and formal operation of the fourth single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the battery, that is, After the end of the 51st working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V), the battery operation is stopped, and then the battery continues to discharge at a constant current of 337 mA for 1 hour. This process causes the battery voltage to drop to 0.03 V, and then stops discharging. Performing the polarity inversion operation of the positive and negative electrodes, the operation method and the process are the same as the second single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery in this embodiment, and the constant current of 169 mA after the electrode connection state is changed. Correct In this embodiment, the battery is charged to 1.75V, and then the battery is continuously charged with a constant current of 269 mA for 4 minutes, and then the battery is charged to 2.65 V with a constant current of 337 mA, and then the battery is charged at a constant voltage of 2.65 V. Hours, then discharge the battery to 1.75V with a constant current of 337mAh, and then charge the battery with a constant current of 201mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65V, and the battery is subjected to constant voltage charging at 2.65V, the last two times. The total time of charging (constant current, constant voltage) is 7 hours and 24 minutes. At this point, the fourth single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed. The electrode state of the battery has been inverted from A-/B+ to A+/B-. Then, the electrode A is operated as a positive electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a negative electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 52nd working discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the fourth single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery in the 52nd cycle is raised to 920mAh, which should be opposite to the polarity. The charge after the turn is relatively sufficient. The total charge capacity of the battery during the period after the polarity reversal and the battery recovery work is 5164 mAh, especially the first total charge after the polarity reversal reaches 3901 mAh.

Next, the battery is continuously operated under the working system. As shown in FIG. 8, the electrode state of the battery in the 53th to 63rd charge and discharge cycles of the present embodiment is A+/B-, and the discharge capacity is reduced from 1071 mAh to 860 mAh. When the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is in the 63rd working charge and discharge cycle, at this time, the polarity of the electrode A is positive, and the polarity of the electrode B is negative, and the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and then The current of 337 mA is discharged to the lead-acid battery of the embodiment for 1 hour, so that the voltage thereof is reduced from 1.75 V to 0.05 V, and then the positive output end of the charge and discharge device is automatically connected to the lead acid battery electrode B of the embodiment, and is charged and discharged. The negative output end of the electric appliance is connected with the lead acid battery electrode A of the embodiment. After the connection, the charge and discharge device measures the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to -1.87 V, and then, for the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the current is 337 mA. The charging was performed for 14 hours and 42 minutes in the state of the connection, so that the voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment (the measured values of the charging and discharging device, the same in the present embodiment) were raised from -1.87 V to 0 V and then increased. At 2.65V, in this process, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment has undergone the fifth single polarity reversal, that is, during the process from -1.87V to 0V, the main electrode of the lead-acid battery is the electrode A. Reaction discharge The main process of the lead and electrode B is the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. In the process of 0V rising to 2.65V, the main charging process on the electrode A is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, on the electrode B. The main occurrence is the charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery. When the connection state of the output of the charge and discharge device and the output end of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is kept unchanged, the constant voltage is charged at 2.65 V for 5 hours, and then Then discharge at a constant current of 337 mA for 21 minutes to 1.75 V, and then charge the battery with a constant current of 201 mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65 V, and the battery is subjected to constant voltage charging at 2.65 V, and the last two charges ( The total time of the constant current and the constant voltage is 9 hours and 24 minutes. At this point, the fifth single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed. The electrode state has been inverted from A+/B- to A-/B+. Then, the electrode A is operated as a negative electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a positive electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 64th operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the fifth single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the discharge capacity of the battery of this embodiment at the 64th cycle is 914 mAh, and the 65th to 75th cycles The discharge capacity of the work is higher than 1000mAh, which should be related to the relatively sufficient charge after the polarity is reversed. After the polarity is reversed and the battery is restored, the total charge capacity of the battery is 8159mAh. In particular, the first total charge amount after polarity inversion is 6394 mAh, and the total time of constant charge and constant voltage charge in the 65-75 cycle operation of the battery of this embodiment is changed to 9 hours and 24 minutes.

In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the 64-75 cycle operation, the charging and discharging process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the charging and discharging process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, as shown in the figure. 8 is shown.

According to the experimental data in the present embodiment and the common knowledge in the prior art, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment can work after the single polarity reversal and after the charging or charging and discharging operation of the present embodiment. The degree of recovery of the discharge capacity and the number of times the charge and discharge cycle of the lead-acid battery can continuously maintain the normal or higher discharge capacity after each working discharge capacity recovery (ie, after each single polarity inversion and thereafter) The charging or charging and discharging operation between the normal operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment or the charging and discharging cycle of the higher discharge capacity) and the corresponding single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The current, voltage, time, charge and discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, internal resistance of the battery, electrolyte density, degree of saturation of the electrolyte, and the manner of the method vary.

As described above, on the one hand, the first, fourth, and fifth single positive and negative polarity inversions of the present embodiment and subsequent charge, discharge, or charge and discharge operations of the present embodiment enable the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. Softening and shedding are improved, repaired, reversed, eliminated, suppressed, and prevented, so that the working discharge capacity in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is improved or restored after the operation (discharge capacity of the 29th to 51st cycles) Low is caused by insufficient charging of the battery after the second and third polarity inversions. On the other hand, the fourth and fifth single positive and negative polarity inversions and the subsequent charging of the fourth and fifth times in this embodiment Or the charge-discharge operation also restores the working discharge capacity of the battery of the embodiment from the 29th to 51st cycles, and the working discharge capacity due to insufficient charging is restored, which indicates that the present embodiment is suitable for a single time. The polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations have the effect of improving, repairing, reversing, restoring or preventing the problem of battery sulfation caused by insufficient continuous charging. In addition, the polarity inversion of the positive and negative poles of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations are also inevitable for the electrode passivation, early capacity loss, slight or occurring, which occurs during the cycle operation of the battery of the present embodiment. Corrosion, poor contact between the active material and the current collector, and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode have the effects of improving, repairing, reversing, suppressing, eliminating, and preventing. In the normal cycle operation process of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment is performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment periodically or irregularly (for example, in a manner of a predetermined number of cycles). And subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations, will effectively improve, repair, reverse, eliminate, inhibit, prevent softening or / and shedding of the active material of the positive electrode, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, activity The problem that the substance is in poor contact with the current collector and the specific surface area of the negative electrode shrinks, thereby improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment.

The current commercial power application of lead-acid battery under the rated working conditions of the battery positive active material specific capacity of 55-61mAh / g (2h rate, 25 ° C), the rated capacity of the lead-acid battery electrode of this example is calculated at 61mAh / g 745 mAh (according to the mass of the active material on the single electrode of the lead-acid battery of the foregoing embodiment), if the discharge capacity is determined to be less than 745 mAh for 3 consecutive times when the 100% discharge depth is defined, the battery life is terminated, according to the working discharge in FIG. Capacity data, the cumulative number of discharges of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment before the first single positive and negative polarity reversal operation is 11 times, that is, the battery is used at the end of the 14th working discharge. Life has expired. However, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method, the battery charge and discharge device, the lead-acid battery electrode current collector, and the lead-acid battery electrode, the working discharge capacity of the battery in this embodiment is ≥745mAh. The cumulative number of discharges is increased to 52 times, that is, the cycle life is increased by nearly 4 times, and it is believed that the positive and negative polarity of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is reversed by using a suitable charging and discharging system or manner. The subsequent charge or charge and discharge operation will cause the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to soften due to active substances, shrinkage of the specific surface area of the electrode, corrosion, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of the active material and the current collector. The lead-acid battery working capacity or the working discharge capacity decreased by one or more of the problems is improved, repaired, reversed, and prevented, so that the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is further and significantly improved. Or extended.

The active material utilization rate of the lead-acid battery electrode as the positive electrode in the present embodiment is significantly higher than that of the active electrode of the current commercial power electric lead-acid battery, mainly related to the thickness of the electrode of the embodiment and the lead oxide powder material used. Related to the current collector structure.

The two electrodes of the lead-acid storage in this embodiment are also positive and negative common electrodes which are equivalent to each other, because after the electrodes are formed, the two have the same function and performance, but in actual use, the polarity reversal and Changes and differences in factors such as post-charge or charge-discharge operating systems and cyclical work systems can lead to differences in performance and performance.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, reducing the percentage of barium sulfate in the lead paste, increasing the mechanical force of the lead paste on the fixed electrode, adding an additive to the lead paste to slow the softening and falling off of the active material, and other implementation methods or processes The same is true, so that after each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the operating discharge capacity decay rate of the battery becomes slow.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the electrode current collector is also a square hole planar grid current collector, a wound grid current collector, a planar solid plate current collector, a core column current collector, and a foam grid assembly. The fluid and the lead-type current collector are correspondingly prepared as a square-hole grid plate electrode, a wound electrode, a plate electrode or a bipolar battery electrode, a tubular or column electrode, a foam electrode, and a lead cloth electrode.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the current collector is a composite material current collector, the core material of the composite material current collector is copper, and the surface layer material has a pure lead thickness of 50 um; another composite in this embodiment The core material of the type material current collector is aluminum, the transition layer material is Sn, and the surface layer material is 100 um thick lead alloy.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion operation of the output end of the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment is further controlled by the control circuit of the battery charger and discharge circuit of the embodiment to control the thyristor in the polarity inversion execution circuit. Turning on or off state to realize, or by managing, changing the operating state of the polarity inversion circuit composed of a transistor, an inductor, and a capacitor in the control execution circuit, or by controlling the forced discharge of the constant current source or the constant voltage source, Forced charging action transformation is implemented.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, all or a portion of the charger and discharger circuit of the present embodiment is integrated with the battery as a product as a whole.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is applied to the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment. The rated voltage of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is 12V, and the rated capacity is 20Ah, in the method implementation operation, the change and the execution of the values of voltage, current, capacity, etc. in operation are mainly changed, for example, the lead-acid battery pack is reversely charged and causes polarity reversal. After the occurrence of the battery pack, the battery pack is charged to increase the battery pack voltage to 8V, 10.8V, 13.3V, and 15.5V, and the charging is stopped. The charging current is 0.3 times, 0.5 times, 1 time, and 2 times.

Example 12

The battery charge and discharge device of this embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 11 of the present invention.

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment has a rated voltage of 2V and a designed rated capacity of 821mAh (2h rate, 25°C). The lead-acid battery of the embodiment includes two planar grid electrodes, and the two electrodes are positive and negative common electrodes. (ie, the electrode common to the positive electrode and the negative electrode) is also the same common electrode for the positive and negative electrodes, that is, regardless of the manufacturing error caused when the electrode is fabricated, the two lead-acid battery electrodes of the present embodiment are all before each other before being formed. The electrode composition and manufacturing aspects (such as electrode structure, shape, current collector, lead paste formulation and lead paste quality, manufacturing process, etc.) are exactly the same. After being formed, the two electrodes are respectively formed into a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The two electrodes are defined as electrode A and electrode B, respectively. At the beginning, the electrode A is used as the positive electrode and the electrode B is used as the negative electrode for the formation and operation of the battery. The two electrodes are separated by an AGM separator, and the two of the embodiments are embodiment of the electrode current collector sheet of the present invention is the same as in Example 11, lead paste formulations include ball lead powder, BaSO ₄ (0.8%, by mass percentage, with respect to the ball mill lead powder), sulfuric acid, water, short fibers The average mass of the active material on each electrode sheet 13.41 g, a sulfuric acid solution of the present embodiment density lead-acid battery of Example 1.27g / cm ^3, the present embodiment eliminates or prevents fluid loss, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure The factors that interfere with the implementation process and implementation results of this embodiment.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the embodiment is as follows: Firstly, the battery of the embodiment is subjected to cyclic charging and discharging work, and the working system is: when the battery is in the state of charging, the battery is discharged with a constant current of 371 mA. When the battery voltage is ≤1.75V, the discharge is stopped, then it is charged with a constant current of 222mA, and when the measured battery voltage reaches 2.65V, it is converted to continue charging the battery with a constant voltage of 2.65V, twice (constant current) , constant voltage) The total charging time is 7 hours and 24 minutes (except for special instructions), and then repeat the above discharge process with a constant current of 371 mA, so that the battery is cycled and discharged, and the battery operating environment temperature is 25 ± 1 ° C. Next, when the number of working cycles of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment reaches a certain set value in the above cyclic operation (for example, the 15th, 31st, ..., respectively, set in the embodiment), the battery is stopped. The work begins with a single positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. After the operation is completed, the battery is operated under the original working system and the polarity is reversed. The positive electrode of the battery operates as a negative electrode after the polarity is reversed, and the negative electrode of the battery before the polarity reversal operates as a positive electrode after the polarity is reversed until the next positive or negative polarity reversal of the next positive or negative polarity is started. Subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation, in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the single-time positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging are performed on the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. In the discharge operation, the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment sometimes operates as a positive electrode and sometimes as a negative electrode, and the corresponding electrode B sometimes operates as a negative electrode and sometimes as a positive electrode to improve and repair. Eliminating, reversing, inhibiting or preventing softening or/and shedding of the positive active material of the battery of the present embodiment, shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, electrode/catch/concentration corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, active material and current collector One or more of the problem of poor contact causes the working discharge charging capability of the battery of the embodiment to be improved, restored, improved or maintained after each operation, thereby achieving an increase or extension of the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment. The cycle operation process of the battery of the embodiment is also implemented by the charging and discharging functions of the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment (hereinafter all the operations and measurements of the battery are charged and discharged by the battery of the embodiment except that the manual is specifically described. The appliance is programmed and implemented.

Pressing, initially setting when the number of working discharges of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment reaches and completes the 15th and 31st, stops the battery operation and starts a single positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery and thereafter. Charging or charging and discharging operations. As shown in FIG. 9, in the 1st-15th cycle operation, the electrode state of the battery of this embodiment is A+/B-, at which time the positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, at the first During the -15 cycles, the discharge capacity of the battery of this example tends to decrease. After inspection, this is mainly caused by the softening and shedding of the positive active material (with high content of BaSO ₄ and high active material utilization in the lead paste). , related to deep discharge, the following similar), after the 15th discharge, the discharge capacity is 942mAh. At this time, according to the program setting, the battery charger and discharger of the embodiment automatically stops the operation of the battery, and prepares and officially performs the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the battery. That is, after the end of the 15th working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V), the battery operation is stopped, and the battery continues to discharge at a constant current of 371 mA for 1 hour. This process reduces the battery voltage to 0.04 V, and then stops discharging. The battery performs polarity reversal of its positive and negative poles, that is, the polarity of the output end of the charge and discharge device is reversed by the present embodiment (the polarity reversal at the output end of the charge and discharge device is through the contact of the relay circuit in the charger/discharger, The state of connection between the charge and discharge device and the lead-acid battery is connected from the positive output end of the charge and discharge device to the lead-acid battery electrode A, and the negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the lead-acid battery electrode B, and is changed into The negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the lead acid battery electrode A, and the positive and negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode B. After the connection state is changed, the measured battery voltage is negative, The battery of this embodiment after the connection state conversion is charged with a constant current of 186 mA, so that the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0 V and then rises to 1.75 V (the first polarity reversal of the battery of this embodiment occurs in this process). In the process in which the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0V, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, and the battery voltage rises from 0V to 1.75V. During the process, the charging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the electrode A and the charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the electrode B occur. When the battery voltage reaches 1.75V, the battery is continuously charged to 2.65 with a constant current of 222 mA. V, then charge the battery for 4 hours and 16 minutes with a constant voltage of 2.65V, then discharge the battery to a constant current of 371mA to 1.75V, and then charge the battery with a constant current of 222mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.65V was changed to charge the battery at 2.65V for 5 hours. After the charging is completed, the first single positive and negative polarity of the battery of this embodiment is completed. After charging or charging and discharging and transfer operations, this time from the state of the battery electrodes A + / B- is a switch from A- / B +. Then, the electrode A is operated as a negative electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a positive electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 16th operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that the discharge capacity of the battery of this embodiment in the 16th cycle operation state is 888.3 mAh after the first single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The charging capacity of the battery during this polarity reversal and before the battery recovery cycle is 7031 mAh.

Next, the battery of the embodiment is continuously operated under the working system. As shown in FIG. 9, in the 16th to 31st cycle of the battery of the embodiment, the electrode state of the battery of the embodiment is A-/B+, and the electrode is A negative electrode reaction occurs on A, and a positive electrode reaction occurs on electrode B. In the 16th to 31st cycle of the battery of the present embodiment, the discharge capacity is changed from 888.3 mAh to 905 mAh, wherein the discharge capacity is increased to the 27th duty cycle. 987.6mAh is because the battery was overcharged by manual intervention before the discharge (that is, the constant voltage charging time of 2.65V is 10 hours longer than the normal working system), and the working system of other cycles is unchanged. When the 31st cycle operation discharge ends, according to the program setting, the start condition of the polarity inversion of the battery positive and negative electrodes and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is triggered at this time. Therefore, the charge and discharge device of this embodiment The preparation and official operation of the second single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the battery are automatically started, that is, after the end of the 31st working discharge (the battery voltage is 1.75V), the charger and discharger of this embodiment stops the battery operation, and continues to discharge the battery at a constant current of 371 mA for 1 hour. This process causes the battery voltage to drop to 0.02V, then stops discharging, and the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes is performed on the battery. Inversion, that is, the polarity reversal at the output end of the charger and the discharger according to the present embodiment (the polarity reversal at the output end of the charger/discharger is realized by the opening and closing state of the relay circuit contacts in the charger/discharger), and the charging and discharging are performed. The connection state of the electric appliance and the lead-acid battery is connected from the positive output end of the charge and discharge device to the lead acid battery electrode B, and the negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected with the lead acid battery electrode A, and is changed into a positive output terminal of the charge and discharge device. The lead-acid battery electrode A is connected, and the negative electrode output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the lead-acid battery electrode B. After the connection state is changed, the measured battery voltage is a negative value, and then the connected state is converted by the constant current of 186 mA. The battery of the embodiment is charged for 15 minutes, and then the battery is charged at a constant current of 371 mA, so that the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0 V and then rises to 2.65 V (the second polarity inversion of the battery of this embodiment occurs in this process, The process in which the battery voltage rises from a negative value to 0V, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, the discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, and the battery voltage rises from 0V to 2.65V. The charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the middle electrode A, the charging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the electrode B), and then charging the battery for 4 hours at a constant voltage of 2.65 V, and then a constant current of 371 mA The battery is discharged to 1.75V, and then the battery is charged with a constant current of 222mA for 7 hours and 25 minutes, and then the battery is charged with a constant voltage of 2.65V for 7 hours. 25 points, at this point, the second single positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of the embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed. At this time, the electrode state of the battery has been changed from A-/B+ to A+. /B-. Then, the electrode A is operated as a positive electrode, and the electrode B is operated as a negative electrode, and the battery is re-entered into the same discharge-charge cycle operation system to perform the 32nd operation discharge and the subsequent number of cycles. The results show that after the second single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the battery has a discharge capacity of 1189 mAh in the 32nd cycle operation state, which should be opposite to the polarity. After the turn, the battery is fully charged. The total charge capacity of the battery between the polarity reversal and the battery recovery cycle is 6659 mAh. Next, the battery is continuously operated under the working system. As shown in FIG. 9, in the 32-45th cycle operation, the electrode state of the battery of this embodiment is A+/B-, and at this time, the positive electrode is generated on the electrode A. In the reaction, the negative electrode reaction occurred on the electrode B. The discharge capacity of the battery in the 32-45 cycle of the present example was reduced from 1189 mAh to 787 mAh.

During the cyclic charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the present embodiment is repeated, repeated, and interspersed, for example, the single positive and negative polarity reversal similar to the first or second time described above. After the charging or charging and discharging operation, that is, between the 45th, 46th, 55th, 56th, 64th, and 65th times of the working cycle of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment in the cycle work process thereof , between the 73rd, 74th, the 82nd, the 83rd, the 94th, the 95th, the 104th, the 105th, or the third, fourth, ..... . The ninth single positive and negative polar polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment during the cycle charging and discharging operation before or after the single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment. The polarity state or polarity direction of A and B. In the cycle working system of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment in the 46th and subsequent times, the charging method is changed to, after the end of the working discharge, the battery is charged with a constant current of 222 mA, and when the measured battery voltage reaches 2.65 V, , converted to a constant voltage of 2.65V to continue charging the battery, the total time of two (constant current, constant voltage) charging is 8 hours and 24 minutes.

As shown in FIG. 9, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is improved or restored year by year. On the one hand, as described above, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations cause the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to be softened and peeled off, improved, repaired, reversed, eliminated, Suppressing and preventing, so that the working discharge capacity in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is improved or restored after the operation, and on the other hand, the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the embodiment is reversed and then charged or discharged or charged. The discharge operation also has the problems of electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of active material and current collector, shrinkage of specific surface area of the anode, and sulfation which occur during the cycle operation of the battery of the present embodiment. The role of improvement, repair, reversal, suppression, elimination, prevention, for example,

Since the electrodes A and B are repeatedly alternately operated as a positive electrode or a negative electrode for charging and discharging, the problem of electrode corrosion generated when the electrode is operated as a positive electrode is improved, repaired, and reversed when the electrode is used as a negative electrode for charging and discharging cycles, thereby also implementing the present embodiment. In the long-term use of the lead-acid battery, the corrosion problem is delayed, improved, repaired, reversed, and prevented. In the normal cycle of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment, it is periodically or irregularly (for example, the number of cycles is specified). The method of performing the charging and discharging or charging and discharging operations of the positive and negative polarities of the present embodiment on the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment in an interspersed manner, and effectively improving, repairing, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, and preventing the positive electrode. The softening or/and shedding of the active material, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of the active material with the current collector, and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, thereby increasing or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion of the present example and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations can also be performed using the rapid charge and discharge pulse current and the pulse voltage.

Some experimental data in this embodiment indicate the degree of recovery of the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment after the single polarity inversion of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment and the charging or charging and discharging operation thereafter. The number of times that the lead-acid battery can continuously maintain the normal or high discharge capacity of the charge-discharge cycle after each working discharge capacity recovery (ie, after each single polarity inversion and after the charge or charge and discharge operation) The number of charge and discharge cycles of the normal or high working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment) and the current, voltage, time, and time used in each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, The charge/discharge capacity, pulse or direct current, internal resistance of the battery, electrolyte density, and degree of saturation of the electrolyte vary depending on the mode.

According to the current commercial power electric lead-acid battery under the rated working conditions, the specific capacity of the battery positive active material is 61 mAh / g (2h rate, 25 ° C), the rated capacity of the lead-acid battery electrode of this embodiment is 821 mAh (according to the foregoing implementation The average mass of the active material of a single electrode of a lead-acid battery), if the discharge capacity is defined three times below the rated capacity or 80% (657 mAh) of the rated capacity when the discharge depth is 100%, the judgment is based on the end of the battery life. As shown in FIG. 9, according to the discharge capacity attenuation trend line of the 1st to the 15th, it can be considered that the lead-acid battery of the embodiment does not undergo the charging or charging/discharging operation of the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent embodiment. At the time, the service life will be basically 25 and 36 times respectively. However, in fact, after the positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery of this embodiment and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the operating discharge capacity of the battery remains above the rated capacity after the 111th cycle operation. The service life of the battery is obviously increased or prolonged, and it is presumed that the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in the present embodiment in the case of eliminating short-circuit, open circuit, water loss, pollution and the like which cause the battery to fail, The service life of the lead-acid battery of this example was further improved or extended on the basis of 111 cycles. In the present embodiment, the active material utilization rate of the lead-acid battery electrode as the positive electrode is significantly higher than that of the current commercial power lead-acid battery positive electrode, which is mainly related to the thickness of the electrode and the current collector structure of the present embodiment.

Example 13

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment is a flat-plate lead-acid battery with a rated voltage of 2V and a rated capacity of 754mAh (C _2.5 , 2.5h rate, 25° C.), including two positive and negative electrode electrodes (ie, positive and negative electrodes). Electrode), the grid of the grid current collectors of the two electrodes is rectangular, and the two electrodes are also the same kind of positive and negative common electrodes, that is, the manufacturing error caused when manufacturing the electrodes is not considered, the two pieces of the implementation The lead-acid battery electrodes are identical to each other in all electrode composition and manufacturing aspects (such as electrode structure, shape, current collector, lead paste formulation and lead paste quality, manufacturing process, etc.) before being formed, after being formed, The two electrodes are respectively formed into a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and each of the planar grid-type positive and negative electrode common electrodes of the present embodiment has a thickness of 1.3 mm, and the width and height of the frame are 38 mm and 68 mm, in order to facilitate the subsequent description of the embodiment. The two planar grid positive and negative common electrodes of the lead storage battery of the present embodiment are respectively named as electrode A and electrode B, and the formulation and quality of the lead paste of electrode A and electrode B are the same, that is, the electrodes A and B are Lead paste formula Ball-milled lead powder, barium sulfate (0.8wt% relative to ball-milled lead powder), and other commercially used negative electrode additives. The quality of dry lead paste (after smearing, curing, drying) on electrodes A and B is 10.8g. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the initial cycle charging and discharging operation, the electrode A is used as the positive electrode for circulating operation (that is, the charging and discharging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode A during the cyclic charging and discharging process). ), the electrode B is used as the negative electrode for the cyclic charging and discharging work (that is, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode B during the cyclic charging and discharging operation), and the intervals of the positive and negative electrodes or the electrodes A and B are separated. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, the polarity state or polarity direction of the electrodes A and B during the cyclic charging and discharging operation can be expressed as A+/B- or A-/B+, wherein A+/B- represents the electrode A. The polarity is positive and the polarity of the electrode B is negative. Similarly, A-/B+ indicates that the polarity of the electrode A is negative and the polarity of the electrode B is positive. The density of the electrolyte sulfuric acid solution used in the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ , and the embodiment eliminates or prevents the factors such as loss of liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure, etc., and the implementation process and implementation results of the embodiment. Interference.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is that the lead-acid battery of the embodiment can be charged and discharged to a certain number of times or the working discharge charging capacity is softened or/and detached due to the positive active material. When the negative electrode specific surface area shrinks, current collector or sink corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulphation, poor contact between active material and current collector, etc., when it falls to a certain degree, it is automatic or And manually performing a single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment or performing a one-stage continuous two-stage polarity on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment. Sexual reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, thereby improving, eliminating, suppressing, repairing, preventing or reversing one or more of the aforementioned problems, so that the working discharge charging capability of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is improved and restored. Or increase, and then, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is put back into the circulating charging and discharging work to perform the circulating work. For the positive polarity and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, a single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed, and after the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the present embodiment is implemented. The lead-acid battery is circulated in the polarity state or the polarity direction of the electrode after the polarity is reversed. For example, if the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is used as the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed, Cyclic work (ie, charge and discharge process of lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction on electrode A during cyclic charging and discharging work), after the polarity reversal, electrode A is cycled as a negative electrode (ie, in the cycle charge) During the charging process, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrode A), and the corresponding electrode B is cycled as the negative electrode before the polarity is reversed (ie, the electrode B is in the process of circulating charging and discharging) The charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the cycle is performed as the positive electrode after the polarity reversal (that is, the lead-acid battery positive electrode occurs on the electrode B during the cyclic charging and discharging operation) In the charging and discharging process of the reaction, similarly, if the polarity state or the polarity direction of the electrode A or the electrode B during the cyclic operation before the polarity inversion is reversed, the electrode A or the electrode B is at the secondary pole. The polarity state or the polarity direction in the cyclic working process after the reversal is also reversed; for the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the polarity inversion is repeated twice in succession and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging Operation, in the present lead-acid battery, during the period of two consecutive positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the polarity of the positive and negative polarities or the polarity direction and the current period are consecutive The polarity of the secondary positive electrode and the negative electrode is reversed and the same as before the charging or charging and discharging operation. For example, if the electrode A of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is in this phase, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reversed twice. The first is to perform the cycle operation as the positive electrode (that is, the charge and discharge process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the electrode A during the cyclic charge and discharge operation), and then the polarity of the positive and negative polarities is reversed twice in this period, the electrode A Still The positive electrode is circulated, and the corresponding electrode B is circulated as a negative electrode before the polarity reversal for two consecutive periods in this period (ie, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery on the electrode B during the cyclic charging and discharging operation) Then, after two consecutive polarity reversals in this period, it is still circulating as a negative electrode.

The circulating charge and discharge working system adopted in the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is: discharging discharge to 1.75V at a current of 300 mA during the working discharge, and then performing constant current charging at a current of 140 mA for 4 hours and 57 minutes, and then with a current of 63 mA. The constant current is charged for 5 hours and 44 minutes, and then charged at a constant current of 17 mA for 5 hours, and then the previous working discharge process is repeated, and the cycle and the cycle are repeated to make the lead-acid battery of the embodiment charge and discharge.

The lead-acid battery cycle operation of the embodiment and the implementation result of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment are as shown in FIG. 10, and the lead-acid battery of the embodiment works in the cycle work thereof. Between the 14th, 15th, 29th, 30th, 45th, and 46th, 60th, and 61st cycles, or the first, second, and The third and fourth single positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are between the 51st and 52nd, the 55th and 56th, and the 57th of the number of duty cycles. Performed or performed between 58 times or two consecutive positive electrodes of the first phase, the second phase, and the third phase, and the polarity reversal of the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, performed or carried out The specific method or process of polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is as follows:

For the first single positive and negative polarity reversal of the first embodiment, and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation: when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is in the state of charge after the 14th cycle is completed, at this time, The polarity of the electrode A is positive, the polarity of the electrode B is negative, the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is discharged for 10 min at a current of 300 mA, so that the voltage thereof is lowered from 1.75 V. 0V, then the positive and negative output ends of the charge and discharge device are connected to the original positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, that is, the positive output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the lead acid battery electrode B of the embodiment. The negative output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the lead acid battery electrode A of the embodiment. After the reverse pole is connected, the charge and discharge device measures the voltage of the lead acid battery of the embodiment to be -2.07V, and then, for the lead acid battery of the embodiment. The current is charged at a current of 150 mA in the state of the reverse pole connection, so that the voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment (the measured values of the charge and discharge device, the same in the present embodiment) are from -2.07V. It rises to 0V and then rises to 1.76V. During this process, the lead polarity battery of this embodiment has the first polarity reversal, that is, during the process of rising from -2.07V to 0V, lead acid is mainly generated on the electrode A. The discharge process of the positive electrode of the battery reacts, and the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs mainly on the electrode B. In the process of 0V rising to 1.76V, the main electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts with the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. During the charging process, the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred on the electrode B. In the case where the connection state of the output terminal of the charging and discharging device and the output end of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is kept unchanged, the embodiment is further 300 mA. The lead-acid battery is subjected to constant current charging for 3 hours and 36 minutes to 2.65V, then constant voltage charging at 2.65V for 4 hours, then discharging at a constant current of 300mA for 55 minutes to 1.75V, and then charging and discharging according to the cyclic working system. Operation, then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is re-introduced into the charging process of the cyclic operation to be charged, and then the 15th cycle or even thereafter until the 29th cycle operation. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the 15th to 29th cycle operation, the charging and discharging process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the charging and discharging process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, as shown in the figure. 10 is shown.

For the second single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment: when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is in the 29th cycle, at this time, the polarity of the electrode A Negative, the polarity of the electrode B is positive, the cycle charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is discharged for 33 minutes at a current of 300 mA, so that the voltage thereof is lowered from 1.75 V to 0 V. Then, the positive and negative output ends of the charging and discharging device are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment in the 15th to 29th cycle charging and discharging operation, that is, the positive output end of the charging and discharging device and the present embodiment The lead-acid battery electrode A is connected, and the negative output end of the charging and discharging device is connected with the lead-acid battery electrode B of the embodiment. After the reverse pole is connected, the charging and discharging device measures the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to be -2.14V. Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is charged at a current of 150 mA in the state of the reverse pole connection for 6 hours and 13 minutes, so that the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is measured. In the present embodiment, the following is the same as rising from -2.14V to 0V and then rising to 1.76V. In this process, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment undergoes a second polarity reversal, that is, from -2.44V to 0V. During the process, the main discharge occurred on the electrode A was the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery was mainly occurred on the electrode B, and the electrode A was raised during the process of 0 V rising to 1.76 V. The main occurrence is the charging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery. The main charging process on the electrode B is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the connection state of the output end of the charging and discharging device and the output end of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is maintained. Under the same conditions, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was subjected to constant current charging for 5 hours and 11 minutes to 2.65 V at 300 mA, then subjected to constant voltage charging at 2.65 V for 4 hours, and then discharged at a constant current of 300 mA for 49 minutes to 1.75. V, then the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is re-introduced into the charging process of the cyclic operation, and then, the 30th cycle or even the subsequent 45th cycle operation is performed. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the 30-45 cycle operation, the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, as shown in the figure. 10 is shown.

For the third single positive and negative polarity inversion of the third embodiment of the present embodiment, and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the first single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the first embodiment of the present embodiment. The process is basically the same, the difference is that the state of charge of the battery at the start of operation, the charging or charging and discharging system after the polarity is reversed, specifically: when the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is in the 45th cycle. In the charging state after the operation, at this time, the polarity of the electrode A is positive, the polarity of the electrode B is negative, the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is performed at a current of 300 mA. After discharging for 2 hours and 35 minutes, the voltage is reduced from 2.29V to 0V, and then the positive output end of the charging and discharging device is connected to the lead acid battery electrode B of the embodiment. The negative output end of the charging and discharging device and the lead acid battery electrode of the embodiment The A phase is connected. At this time, the charge and discharge device measures the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment to be -2.04V, and then, for the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the battery is charged at the current of 900 mA for 2 hours. The voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment (the measured value of the charge and discharge device, the same in the present embodiment) is raised from -2.04V to 0V and then rises to 2.52V, in the process, the lead of the embodiment The third polarity reversal occurred in the acid battery, that is, in the process of rising from -2.04V to 0V, the main discharge occurred on the electrode A was the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the lead on the electrode B was mainly lead. The discharge process of the negative electrode of the acid battery reacts, and during the process of 0V rising to 2.52V, the main charging process on the electrode A is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery. The main electrode of the lead-acid battery is the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery. In the charging process, while maintaining the connection state of the output end of the charging and discharging device and the output end of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment, the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is charged with constant current for 20 minutes at 60 mA, and then the 674 mA pair is used. The lead-acid battery of the embodiment was subjected to constant current charging for 1 hour, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was subjected to constant current charging for 20 minutes at 60 mA, and then the lead acid storage of the present embodiment was further charged at 505 mA. The cell was charged for 1 hour, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was subjected to constant current charging for 20 minutes at 60 mA, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was charged with constant current for 1 hour at 379 mA, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was further treated at 60 mA. The constant current charging was performed for 20 minutes, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was charged at a constant current of 284 mA for 1 hour, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was subjected to constant current charging for 20 minutes at 60 mA, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was further applied at 213 mA. Constant current charging for 1 hour, then constant voltage charging at 2.65V for 1 hour, then constant current charging of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment at 60 mA for 20 minutes, then discharging at a constant current of 300 mA for 45 minutes to 1.75 V, and then pressing The cycle work system performs a charge and discharge operation, and then the lead acid battery of the embodiment is reintroduced into the charging process of the cycle operation, and then the cycle work is performed for the 46th time and thereafter until the 51st time. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the cycle operation of the 46-51th cycle, the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, as shown in the figure. 10 is shown.

For the first period of the first embodiment, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reversed and the charging or charging and discharging operations thereafter: when the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is in the state of charge after the completion of the 51st cycle, at this time The polarity of the electrode A is negative, the polarity of the electrode B is positive, the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is stopped, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is forcibly discharged for 14 minutes with a current of 300 mA and 900 mA by the charge and discharge device. And 20 minutes, so that the lead-acid battery of this embodiment keeps the connection state with the charging and discharging device unchanged from 1.75V to 0V and then to -1.75V (the value measured by the charging and discharging device, this In the embodiment, the same is the same, in the process, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment has the first polarity reversal in the current two positive and negative polarity inversions and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, In the process of decreasing from -1.75V to 0V, the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred on the electrode A, and the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred on the electrode B, and is decreased at 0V. During the process of -1.75V, the main charging process on the electrode A is the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. The main process of the electrode B is the charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the output of the charging and discharging device is maintained. In the case where the connection state of the output end of the lead-acid battery is unchanged, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is forcibly discharged for 1 hour at a current of 900 mA until the voltage of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is -2.53 V, and then, at 900 mA. The current is forcibly charged to the lead-acid battery of the embodiment for 1 hour and 13 minutes until the battery voltage rises from -2.53V to 0V and then rises to 2.65V. In this process, the lead-acid battery of this embodiment has two consecutive positive and negative poles. The second polarity reversal in the reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, in the process of rising from -2.53V to 0V, the main discharge on the electrode A is the discharge of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. In the process and the electrode B, the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery is mainly occurred, and in the process of 0V rising to 2.65V, the lead-acid storage mainly occurs on the electrode A. During the charging process of the negative electrode reaction, the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the electrode B, and the state of the connection between the output end of the charging and discharging device and the output end of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is kept unchanged, and then The battery was discharged at a constant current of 300 mA for 1 hour and 32 minutes to 1.75 V, and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was put back into the charging process for charging, and then charged, and then the 52nd cycle was continued until the 55th cycle. In the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, during the cycle operation of the 52-55th cycle, the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction occurs on the electrode A, and the charge-discharge process of the lead-acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrode B, as shown in the figure. 10 is shown.

For the second and third phases of the present embodiment, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reversed and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are the same as the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the first phase of the first embodiment. Or the charge and discharge operations are basically the same or similar, except that the current, voltage, charge and discharge time, charge and discharge capacity, charge and discharge frequency, and number of times vary in operation. For example, in the third phase of the embodiment, the positive polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are as follows: the lead-acid battery of the embodiment which is in the charging state after the 57th working discharge is completed. Directly switch to the constant current forced discharge state, that is, the current of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is lowered from 2.60V to 0V at a current of 300 mA for 2 hours and 22 minutes, and then the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is continuously forced at a current of 898 mA. Discharge, so that the voltage of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment drops from 0V to -2.58V in 1 hour and 15 minutes (this decreases from 2.60V to 0V, and then decreases from 0V to -2.58V. Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is subjected to forced charging of 898 mA, so that the lead-acid battery of the embodiment rises from -2.58 V to 0 V and then rises to 2.65 V after 1 hour and 18 minutes. The second polarity reversal), and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is discharged to 1.85V at a current of 300 mA for 1 hour and 10 minutes, and then, for a lead-acid battery of the present embodiment, at a current of 450 mA for 1 hour. 08 minutes, constant current charging to 2 .65V, then the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is discharged at a current of 300 mA through a constant current of 4 s to 2.0 V. Then, the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is charged at a current of 300 mA and charged at a constant current of 28 min to 2.65 V, and then to the present. The lead-acid battery was charged at a constant voltage of 2.65 V for 1 hour (charge amount was 223 mAh), and then the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment was discharged at a constant current of 300 mA for 3 hours and 10 minutes to 1.75 V, thereby completing the first embodiment. In the third phase, the positive polarity and the negative pole polarity inversion are repeated twice and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (the whole process is 10 hours and 51 minutes), and then the lead acid battery of the embodiment is put into the charging process during the cycle working process. Then, the 58th cycle charge and discharge operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is performed.

For the fourth single positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation of the fourth embodiment of the present embodiment, the second single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the second embodiment of the present embodiment. Basically the same or similar, the difference is that there are changes in the current, voltage, charge and discharge time, charge and discharge capacity, charge and discharge frequency, and number of times involved in the operation.

The state of the electrode in the 56th-76th cycle of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment is as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 10, after each or every period of polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is improved or restored year by year. The polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations cause the positive electrode active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to be softened and peeled off to be improved, repaired, reversed, eliminated, suppressed, and prevented. The working discharge capacity in the cycle operation of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is improved or restored after the operation. On the other hand, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the embodiment and the subsequent charge, discharge or charge and discharge operations are also The problems of electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, poor contact of active material and current collector, shrinkage of specific surface area of the negative electrode, and sulfation of the battery during the cycle of the battery have been improved, repaired, reversed, The effect of suppressing, eliminating, and preventing, for example, since the electrodes A and B repeatedly alternately function as a positive electrode or a negative electrode for charging and discharging, so that the problem of electrode corrosion generated when the electrode is operated as a positive electrode is improved when the electrode is used as a negative electrode for charging and discharging cycles. , repairing, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, preventing, and thus also causing lead acid storage in this embodiment Corrosion problems during long-term use are delayed, improved, repaired, reversed, eliminated, suppressed, and prevented. In the normal cycle of lead-acid batteries in this embodiment, they are periodically or irregularly (for example, with a specified number of cycles). The method of performing the charging and discharging or charging and discharging operations of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the present embodiment on the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment in an interspersed manner, and effectively improving, repairing, reversing, eliminating, suppressing, and preventing the positive electrode. The softening or/and shedding of the active material, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of the active material with the current collector, and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode, thereby increasing or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment.

If the lead-acid battery of the embodiment is defined as having an operating discharge capacity of less than 65% of the rated capacity during the cycle operation, the number of effective cycle operations of the lead-acid battery of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is 75. Secondly, if the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is defined as having an operating discharge capacity of less than 80% of the rated capacity during the cycle operation, the effective cycle of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment as shown in FIG. It is 70 times. It can be speculated that in the case of eliminating short-circuit, open circuit, liquid loss, pollution, mechanical damage and the like which cause the battery to fail, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery in this embodiment will make the service life of the lead-acid battery of the present example A greater increase or extension is achieved based on the number of effective cycles available.

Some experimental data in this embodiment indicate the degree of recovery of the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment after the charge or charge/discharge operation of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment after each period or period of polarity reversal and In this embodiment, the lead-acid battery can continuously maintain the normal or high discharge capacity of the charge and discharge cycle after each working discharge capacity recovery (ie, the charge or charge and discharge operation after each or every period of polarity inversion) The current and voltage of the normal operation of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment or the charge and discharge cycle of the higher discharge capacity) and the corresponding current or voltage used in each phase or period of polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations Time, charge and discharge capacity, pulse or DC, internal resistance of the battery, electrolyte density, electrolyte saturation level, and mode.

In this embodiment, in addition to a certain number of cycles, the trigger condition parameter for triggering and performing the polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment may be a number of cycles multiplied by a certain value of the total amount of charge, and when the battery is charged. The rate at which the voltage of a certain battery voltage rises, and the like.

The two electrodes of the lead-acid storage in this embodiment are also positive and negative common electrodes which are equivalent to each other, because after the electrodes are formed, the two have the same function and performance, but in actual use, the polarity is reversed and Subsequent changes and differences in factors such as charging or charging and discharging operating systems and cyclical operating systems may lead to differences in performance and performance.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the density of the electrolyte lead-acid battery of the present embodiment may be implemented 1.282g / cm ³ or 1.30g / cm ^3.

Example 14

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in the embodiment is a charge and discharge device, and the charge and discharge device is a battery pack charge and discharge device. The function of the battery pack charge and discharge device of the embodiment can be completely realized. All the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment as described below provide technical support for the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present invention.

The lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is a full-tube lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 4V and a rated capacity of 539mAh (C _3.5 , 3.5h rate, 25° C.) connected in series by two identical tubular-type lead-acid batteries. Each of the electrodes of the full-tube lead-acid battery is a tubular electrode, and the tubular electrodes are positive and negative common electrodes (ie, electrodes common to the positive electrode and the negative electrode), and the tubular positive and negative The extremely common electrode is the same in the electrode structure and active material formulation. The inner diameter of the sleeve of each positive and negative electrode of the tube is 6.3mm, the height of the sleeve is 75mm (including the plug), and the lead-calcium alloy conductive bone in the sleeve The core diameter is 2.5 mm, and each of the full-tube lead-acid batteries includes three tubular positive and negative common electrodes. To facilitate the subsequent description of the embodiment, the six tubular positive and negative electrodes of the lead battery pack of the present embodiment are generally used. The electrodes are named as electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, and B2, respectively. The six electrodes are arranged in each of the full-tube lead-acid batteries in the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment: the electrode B1 is sandwiched between electricity. Between A1, A2 or electrode B2 is sandwiched between electrodes A3 and A4, and electrode A1 or A2 or A3 The mass of the active material in the A4 casing is 5.8g, the mass of the active material in the sleeve of the electrode B1 or B2 is 5.5g, and the active substances in the electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2 are all ball-milled. Powder, barium sulfate (0.8wt% relative to ball-milled lead powder), the two output terminals of the lead-acid battery of this embodiment are respectively named as battery terminals A, B, wherein the battery terminal A is connected to the electrode A1 or A2 or A3 or A4, the battery terminal B is connected to the electrode B1 or B2. In the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, during the initial cycle charging and discharging operation, the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 are cycled as the positive electrode ( That is, during the cyclic working process, the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 are charged and discharged during the reaction of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery), and the electrodes B1 and B2 are used as the negative electrode for the cyclic operation (that is, the electrodes B1 and B2 occur during the cyclic operation). The charging and discharging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery), that is, the polarity of the terminal A of the battery pack is positive, and the polarity of the terminal B of the battery pack is negative, which is expressed as A+/B- (same reason, when the battery pack When the polarity of terminal A is negative and the polarity of battery terminal B is positive, It is expressed as A-/B+), and the separators of the positive and negative tube electrodes are separated by a separator. The density of the sulfuric acid solution of the electrolyte used in the lead-acid battery group of the present embodiment is 1.27 g/cm ³ , and the present embodiment excludes or prevents the loss. Factors such as liquid, open circuit, short circuit, mechanical damage, test failure, etc. interfere with the implementation process and implementation results of this embodiment.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is that, when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is circulated to a certain number of times or the working discharge charging capability is softened or/and detached from the positive active material, the ratio of the negative electrode is increased. Automatic or / and manual when one or more of surface area shrinkage, current collector or sink corrosion, passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact of active material and current collector, etc. Performing a single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment to improve, repair, reverse, prevent, suppress, and eliminate the softening and negative electrode ratio of the positive active material. Surface area shrinkage, electrode passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulphation, poor contact of active material and current collector, one or more causes of reduced working discharge capacity or working capacity, end of service life, The operating discharge capacity or working capacity of the lead-acid battery pack is restored or improved, and then the polarity reversal and After the charging or charging and discharging operation, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is re-introduced into the cyclic charging and discharging operation by the polarity state of the electrode after the polarity is reversed, until the next positive and negative polarity is started. Reverse and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. After the polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the lead acid battery pack of the embodiment is re-introduced into the cyclic charging and discharging operation by the electrode polarity state after the polarity inversion. Cycling operation, for example, if the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are operated as a positive electrode before the polarity is reversed (that is, the electrodes A1, A2, and A3 during the cycle operation) On the A4, the charge and discharge process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs), after the polarity is reversed, the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4 are used as the negative electrode for the charge and discharge cycle (ie, the electrode A1 during the cycle operation). On the A2, A3, and A4, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs. The corresponding electrodes B1 and B2 are cycled as the negative electrode before the polarity is reversed (that is, the electrode B1 during the cycle operation). The charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on B2), and the cycle is performed as the positive electrode after the polarity reversal (that is, the charging of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2 during the cyclic operation). Discharge process), Similarly, if the polarity state or polarity direction of the electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4 or the electrodes B1, B2 during the cyclic operation before the polarity inversion is reversed, the electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4 Or the polar states or polar directions of the electrodes B1 and B2 during the cyclic operation after the polarity inversion are reversed. Triggering or starting the triggering of any polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment may be manual triggering or the arrival of the program according to a preset trigger condition. The automatic triggering, the triggering condition may be one or more of a certain number of cyclic charging and discharging operations or cumulative times, a charging amount, a discharging amount, a charging and discharging rate, a current variation amount, a voltage variation amount, or the like, or a calculated value thereof.

The circulating charge and discharge working system adopted in the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is: discharging discharge to 3.5V at a current of 0.283 C _3.5 during working discharge, and then performing constant current charging to 5.95 V or time 9 at a current of 0.338 C _3.5 . After 24 hours, then constant voltage charging was carried out for 3 hours with a voltage of 5.3 V, and then the previous working discharge process was repeated, and the cycle of the lead-acid battery pack of this example was cyclically charged and discharged.

The implementation result of the method for circulating the lead-acid battery pack in the present embodiment and the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the process of circulating 6th, 7th, 17th, 18th, 25th, 26th, 33rd, 34th, 41st, 42nd, 56th, 57th times of the number of work cycles Performed or carried out in sequence for the first time, the second time, ....., the sixth single positive and negative polarity inversion, and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, performed or The method or process of performing positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is as follows:

For the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations: when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the charging state after the completion of the sixth cycle operation, at this time, the electrode A1 The polarities of A2, A3, and A4 are positive, and the polarities of the electrodes B1 and B2 are negative. The cycle of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is stopped, and the positive and negative outputs of the charge and discharge device are combined with the lead acid of this embodiment. The positive and negative output terminals of the battery pack are connected in reverse polarity, that is, the positive output end of the charge and discharge device is connected to the negative output terminal (battery terminal B) of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and the negative output of the charge and discharge device The terminal is connected to the positive output terminal (battery terminal A) of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and after the reverse pole is connected, the charge and discharge device measures the voltage of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment to be -5.53V, and then, the implementation The lead-acid battery pack is charged at a current of 458 mA in the state of the reverse pole connection, so that the voltages of the positive and negative output terminals of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment (the measured values of the charge and discharge device, the same in the present embodiment) From -5.53V It rises to 0V and then rises to 5.8V. During this process, the lead polarity battery pack of this embodiment has the first polarity reversal, that is, during the process from -5.53V to 0V, the electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4 The main occurrence is the discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the discharge process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery mainly occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2, and the electrodes A1 and A2 are in the process of rising to 5.8V from 0V. A3 and A4 mainly occur in the charging process of the negative electrode reaction of lead-acid batteries. The main charging process on the electrodes B1 and B2 is the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. The lead-acid of the present embodiment is maintained at the output of the charging and discharging device. When the connection state of the output terminals of the battery pack is unchanged, the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is discharged at 152.7 mA for 14 minutes to 3.5 V, and then charged at a constant current of 229 mA for 8 hours to 5.72 V, and then, again. The battery was discharged at 152.7 mA for 2 minutes to 4.5 V, and then charged at a constant current of 114 mA for 3 hours to 5.5 V. Then, the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment was put into the seventh working discharge process of the cycle, and the seventh was performed. Second or even later Work to cycle 17 times. In the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment, in the 7th to 17th cycle operation, the polarity of the battery terminal A is negative, and the polarity of the electrode pool terminal B is positive, as shown in FIG. 11, that is, in the process On the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4, the charge and discharge process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs, and the charge and discharge processes of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery occur on the electrodes B1 and B2.

For the second single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations: when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the charging state after the completion of the 17th cycle operation, at this time, the electrode A1 The polarity of A2, A3, and A4 is negative, and the polarity of the electrodes B1 and B2 is positive. The cycle of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is stopped, and the positive and negative outputs of the charge and discharge device are combined with the lead acid of this embodiment. The positive and negative output terminals of the battery pack are connected in reverse polarity at that time, that is, the positive output end of the charging and discharging device is connected to the negative output terminal (battery group terminal A) of the lead-acid battery group of the embodiment, and the charging and discharging device The negative output terminal is connected to the positive output terminal (battery pack terminal B) of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment. After the reverse pole is connected, the charge and discharge device measures the voltage of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment to be -4.54V. Then, the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is charged at a current of 459 mA in the state of the reverse pole connection, so that the output voltage of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment (the measured value of the charge and discharge device, the same in the present embodiment) From -4.54V to 0V It rises to 5.8V for 4 hours and 30 minutes. During this process, the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment has a second polarity reversal, that is, during the process of rising from -4.54V to 0V, electrodes A1, A2, and A3. The main occurrence of A4 is the discharge process of the negative electrode of lead-acid battery, the discharge process of the positive electrode of lead-acid battery on the electrodes B1 and B2, and the electrode A1 during the process of 0V rising to 5.8V. A2, A3, and A4 mainly occur in the charging process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. The charging process of the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery occurs mainly on the electrodes B1 and B2. The output of the charging and discharging device is maintained and the embodiment is When the connection state of the lead-acid battery pack output terminal is unchanged, the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is discharged at 152.7 mA for 17 minutes to 3.5 V, and then charged at a constant current of 229 mA for 8 hours to 5.41 V, and then And then discharge at 152.7mA for 2 minutes to 4.23V, and then charge at a constant current of 114mA for 3 hours to 5.26V, and then put the lead-acid battery of the embodiment into the 18th working discharge process in the cycle work, get on 18 and thereafter until the first cycle for 25 times. In the 18-25th cycle of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment, the polarity of the battery terminal A is positive, and the polarity of the electrode bank terminal B is negative, as shown in FIG. 11, that is, in the process The charging and discharging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes A1, A2, A3, and A4, and the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes B1 and B2, that is, the battery terminals A, B and the electrode The polarity state or polarity direction of A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2 is returned to the state at which the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is most initially cycled.

During the cyclic operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, the single positive and negative polarity inversions similar to the first or second time of the present embodiment as described above are repeated, repeated, and interspersed as described above. The charging or charging and discharging operation, that is, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is realized between the 25th and 26th, the 33rd and 34th, the 41st and the 42nd, and the 56th of the working cycle. 57th, ..., X, X+1 times or the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ...., Y The secondary positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (X, Y are positive integers). FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the battery pack terminal A in the cycle operation process of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment before or after the single charge and charge polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The polarity state or polarity direction of B, FIG. 12 shows the 23-28th cycle charge and discharge operation process of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment and the third single positive and negative poles interposed during the process. Sexual reversal and subsequent changes in current and voltage during charging or charging and discharging operations, the third single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations and the first single positive The polarity reversal of the negative electrode and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are basically the same, except that after the steps of "discharging at 152.7 mA for 2 minutes and then charging at 114 mA constant current for 3 hours" are completed after the operation. Then, the battery was discharged at a current of 153 mA for 2 hours and 58 minutes, and then the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment was put into the 26th cycle.

As shown in FIG. 11, after each single polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are completed, the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is improved or restored year by year. The positive and negative polarity inversion of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations of the present embodiment cause the positive active material of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment to soften or/and fall off, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, and corrosion. One or more of the problems of poor contact between the active material and the current collector and shrinkage of the specific surface area of the negative electrode are improved, repaired, reversed, suppressed, eliminated, and prevented. In the normal cycle work of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, periodically Or the irregularity of the polarity of the positive and negative electrodes of the present embodiment and the subsequent charge and discharge or charge and discharge operations of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment may be performed intermittently (for example, in a manner of specifying the number of cycles). Effectively improve, repair, reverse, eliminate, inhibit, prevent softening or/and shedding, passivation, corrosion, early capacity loss, sulfation, active substances and sets of positive active materials The problem of poor contact between the body and the specific surface area of the negative electrode increases or prolongs the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment. For example, since the electrodes A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, and B2 are alternately alternately charged or discharged as a positive electrode or a negative electrode The cycle work makes the corrosion problem of the electrode generated as the positive electrode work improve, repair and reverse when the electrode is used as the negative electrode for the charge and discharge cycle, thereby also delaying the corrosion problem of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment during long-term use. , improving, repairing, reversing, preventing, and thus also greatly improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and presumably, in the case of eliminating short-circuit, open circuit, water loss, pollution, etc., which cause battery failure The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in this embodiment will make the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the present example more improved or prolonged based on the existing effective number of cycles.

Some experimental data in this embodiment indicate the degree of recovery of the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment after the single polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment. And the number of times of charging and discharging cycles in which the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment can continuously maintain normal or high discharge capacity after each working discharge capacity is restored (ie, charging or charging and discharging after each single polarity inversion) The number of charge and discharge cycles in which the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment operates normally or has a higher discharge capacity, and the current used in each single polarity inversion and subsequent charge or charge and discharge operations, The voltage, time, charge and discharge capacity, pulse or DC, internal resistance of the battery or battery pack, electrolyte density, and the degree of electrolyte saturation vary.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the positive, negative or all electrodes of the full-tube lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are the same tubular positive and negative common electrodes, that is, manufacturing that is not considered when manufacturing the electrodes. Error, all the electrodes or all the tubular electrodes of the full-tube lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are formed and manufactured in all the electrodes before the formation (such as electrode structure, shape, conductive core, casing, and fluid pool). The formulation of the active material and the quality, the manufacturing process, and the like are completely the same. After being formed, the tubular electrodes of the full-tube lead-acid battery of the present embodiment are respectively formed into a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the positive, negative or all electrodes of the full-tube lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are tubular positive and negative common electrodes equivalent to each other, that is, the electrodes are formed or charged. After discharge, each tubular electrode of the present embodiment has or exhibits the same function and performance without regard to error factors during operation or use of the lead-acid battery.

Example 15

The lead-acid battery of the embodiment includes a flat-plate lead-acid battery, a tubular lead-acid battery, a wound lead-acid battery, a bipolar lead-acid battery, and a horizontal lead-lead lead acid. Battery, foam grid type lead-acid battery, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery, colloidal lead-acid battery, lead carbon battery, supercapacitor-lead acid battery, one or more of which are lead-acid battery packs of this embodiment The rated voltage U is 6V, 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V or 72V. The rated capacity (C ₂ , 2 hour rate, 25 ° C) of the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment is 12Ah, 14Ah, 16Ah, 18Ah, 20Ah, 24Ah, 30Ah, 60Ah, 100Ah, 200Ah or 1000Ah, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment has the battery output terminals A, B, the battery output terminal A and the electrodes A1, A2, .. in the lead-acid battery group of this embodiment. ...., An (n = positive integer) phase conductive connection, battery pack output terminal B and electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn in the lead-acid battery pack of this embodiment (n = positive integer) The phase is electrically connected. In the present embodiment, the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An, B1, B2, ..., Bn in the lead-acid battery group are positive and negative common electrodes (i.e., electrodes common to the positive and negative electrodes). ) can be used or operated as a positive electrode of a lead-acid battery, or as a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery. In the initial cycle charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, the polarity of the battery output terminal A is positive, and the polarity of the battery output terminal B is negative, that is, the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is During the initial cycle work, the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An occurred on the charge and discharge process of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn What happens is the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery. The separators are separated by positive and negative electrodes.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is: when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the use or work of the circulating work, the working cycle reaches a certain number of times or as needed (for example, due to The positive electrode active material softening, the negative electrode specific surface area shrinkage, corrosion, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, poor contact between the active material and the current collector, etc., cause the working discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment to decrease and be lower than a certain capacity. When the value is or after, when it is desired or necessary to increase the working discharge capacity of the battery pack or to increase or prolong the service life of the battery pack, the single-time positive or positive and/or manual operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the example is performed once between two working cycles. , reverse polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, improve, eliminate, reverse, inhibit, prevent positive electrode active material softening, negative electrode specific surface area shrinkage, corrosion, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, sulfation, activity The problem of poor contact between the substance and the current collector makes the working capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment recover or After the completion of the positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the lead acid battery pack of the embodiment is re-introduced into the charging and discharging cycle by the polarity state after the polarity is reversed. Use or work in the work until the triggering or starting again to perform the positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, so that the lead acid battery pack of the embodiment is cycled. Working with the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are intermittently, interspersed, alternately performed or occur, thereby improving or extending the embodiment. The service life of lead-acid battery packs.

The first single positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment include the following steps: when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the initial cycle working process (this During this period, the polarity of the output terminal A of the lead-acid battery pack is positive, and the polarity of the output terminal B is negative, that is, the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery reacts on the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An. During charging and discharging, the charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn), when the working cycle reaches a certain number of times, for example, 5 times, 9 times, 20 times or 60, lead-acid batteries of Examples of the present embodiment will be reverse polarity charge, the counter electrode comprises a charging mode, a single stage, multi stage, a constant current (e.g. _{_{_{0.1C 2, 0.5C 2, 1.2C 2}}} , 6C 2), One or more of constant voltage (for example, U, 1.3U, 2U, 5U), positive pulse, and negative pulse, and finally the polarity of the output terminals A, B of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and thus the electrode A1 The polarity of A, A2, ..., An, B1, B2, ... Bn is reversed, and the polarity is reversed. Charge or discharge, charge or charge and discharge mode, the present embodiment comprises a lead-acid battery group, single phase, multiple phase, constant current (e.g. _{_{_{0.15C 2, 0.4C 2, 0.8C 2}}} , 7C 2), a constant voltage (for example, 0.8U, 1.5U, 2U, 4U), one or more of a positive pulse and a negative pulse, and then, the lead acid battery pack of the embodiment is re-polarized after the polarity is reversed. Putting into the cycle work to carry out the cyclic work, in the cycle work of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment after completing the first single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, In the embodiment, the polarity of the output terminal A of the lead-acid battery pack is negative, and the polarity of the output terminal B is positive, that is, the charge and discharge of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An. In the process, the charging and discharging processes of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occur on the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn.

The second single positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment include the following steps: when the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is in the first single positive and negative During the cycle of polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations (during this period, the polarity of the output terminal A of the lead-acid battery pack is negative, and the polarity of the output terminal B is positive, that is, the electrode The charging and discharging process of the lead electrode battery negative electrode reaction occurs on A1, A2, ..., An, and the charge and discharge process of the lead acid battery positive electrode reaction occurs on the electrodes B1, B2, ..., Bn When the working cycle is completed a certain number of times, for example, 9 times, 13 times, 20 times or 40 times, the second reverse polarity charging is performed on the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, and the manner of the reverse polarity charging includes Single phase, multiple phases, constant current (eg 0.2C ₂ , 0.5C ₂ , 1.5C ₂ , 3C ₂ ), constant voltage (eg U, 1.1U, 2U, 4U), positive pulse, negative pulse or a variety, and ultimately the polarity of the output terminals A, B of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, and thus the electrode A1 The polarity of the A2, ..., An, B1, B2, ... Bn is reversed, and after the polarity is reversed, the lead acid battery pack of the embodiment is charged. Or charging, discharging, charging or charging and discharging methods include single-stage, multi-stage, constant current (for example, 0.18C ₂ , 0.7C ₂ , 2C ₂ , 5C ₂ ), constant voltage (for example, 0.6U, 1.3U, 2.2U, One or more of 3U), a positive pulse, and a negative pulse, and then the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is re-introduced into the cycle work by the polarity state after the polarity is reversed, and the cycle is performed. In the cycle work performed by the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment after completing the second single positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the lead-acid battery pack output terminal A of the present embodiment The polarity is positive, and the polarity of the output terminal B is negative, that is, the charging and discharging process of the positive electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs on the electrodes A1, A2, ..., An, and the electrodes B1, B2, ... ..., Bn The charging and discharging process of the negative electrode reaction of the lead-acid battery occurs.

During the cyclic charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, the method of performing other secondary positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations is performed and the first embodiment of the present embodiment is implemented or The second single positive and negative polar polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging methods are similar. In this way, during the cyclic charging and discharging operation of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment, the positive or negative polarity inversion described above and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed repeatedly, repeatedly, and interspersed in the present embodiment. The one or more of the problems of softening or/and shedding of the positive electrode active material of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, sulfation, specific surface area shrinkage of the negative electrode, and poor contact between the active material and the current collector. The improved, repaired, reversed, eliminated, suppressed, and prevented are improved, so that the working discharge capacity and service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment are improved or prolonged.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is to improve, repair, reverse, solve, and prevent during the cyclic working process of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment. Battery pack operation due to one or more of problems such as softening or/and shedding of the positive active material, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, sulfation, specific surface area shrinkage of the negative electrode, and poor contact between the active material and the current collector The capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is multi-period and interspersed in an odd-numbered or even-numbered positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations to complete the odd-numbered times or After the polarity of the positive and negative polarities of the even number of times and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, the lead acid battery pack of the present embodiment is reintroduced into the charging and discharging cycle by the polarity state after the polarity is reversed in this period. Use or work to obtain the recovery or improvement of the working capacity of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment until the triggering or starting another phase of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is performed. The odd or negative polarity reverses and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. The positive or negative polarity inversion of each odd or even number of times and the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are the same as those described in the present embodiment. The first or second single positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are similar.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or all of the electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are all common positive and negative electrode common electrodes, that is, manufacturing errors caused when manufacturing the electrodes are not considered, this embodiment All the electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack are identical to each other in terms of all electrode composition and manufacturing (such as electrode structure, shape, current collector, fluid pool, active substance formulation and quality, other accessories, manufacturing process, etc.). After being formed, the electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are respectively formed into a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the positive, negative or all electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment are positive and negative common electrodes equivalent to each other, that is, after the electrodes are formed or charged and discharged, in lead. In the operation or use of the acid battery pack, the electrodes of the present embodiment have or exhibit the same function and performance regardless of the error factor.

Example 16

The lead-acid battery group of the embodiment, the battery pack charge and discharge device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack, and the polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles for increasing or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The method for distinguishing operation, wherein the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment comprises two equivalent lead-acid battery cells A and B (equivalent battery means that all parameters of the A and B batteries are the same except for manufacturing errors, Similarly, the rated voltage of the battery pack is 2V, and the rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of the single cells in the lead-acid battery pack. Each of the single cells in the battery pack of the embodiment has independent input and output of positive and negative circuits. end.

The battery pack charge and discharge device of the present embodiment has the functions of performing charge or charge/discharge operation of the positive and negative polarity inversion of any one of the single-acid batteries of the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment.

The method for distinguishing the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the present embodiment and the charging or charging and discharging operations thereafter is as follows: the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to a charging and discharging cycle under the rated voltage, and the operation is performed in the battery pack of the embodiment. The single battery A bears, and the single battery B is in a non-cyclic working state. When the battery pack of the embodiment, that is, the single battery A that performs the work task, the discharge capacity is decreased (the reason is that the positive active material softens, falls off, or the negative surface area shrinks or When sulfating, the same as below) to 90% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the battery unit A is stopped by the trigger and execution program set in the battery pack charger and discharger of the embodiment, and is transferred to the non-circulating working state. And switching the battery unit B with the qualified working ability in the non-cyclic working state in the battery pack to the circulating working state, and allowing the battery pack to continue working based on the single battery B, and shifting from the original circulating working state to the non-cyclic working The single battery A in the state separately performs the positive and negative polarity inversion of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations to restore the working capacity of the battery cell A. Ability to qualified, after the operation is completed, so that the cell cycle in a non-operating state A, to be switched.

After the battery pack of the embodiment is operated for a period of time based on the single battery B, when the battery pack of the embodiment, that is, the battery cell B performing the work task, has a discharge capacity lower than 90% of the rated capacity of the battery pack of the embodiment, In the battery pack charger/discharger of the embodiment, the triggering and executing program is set, the battery unit B in the circulating working state is stopped, and the battery in the non-cyclic working state is passed through the battery. The battery cell A having the qualified working ability after the polarity polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation is switched to the cyclic working state, so that the battery pack of the embodiment can be continuously cycled based on the cell A, and then, The battery cells B that have been transferred from the original cyclic working state to the non-cyclic working state individually perform the charging and charging or discharging operations of the positive and negative polarity of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the working capacity of the single battery B is restored to the qualified operation. Capability, after the operation is completed, the battery B is in a non-cyclic working state, and is to be switched.

According to the above method, the positive and negative polarities are reversed and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed on the single cells A and B in turn, so that the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is significantly improved or prolonged, compared with ordinary lead. The service life of the acid battery pack is increased or extended by more than one time.

Example 17

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack in the embodiment is a circuit, and the functions of the circuit of the embodiment can fully realize all the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment as follows. Technical support is provided for the implementation of the method of the invention for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack.

The lead-acid battery group of the embodiment, the circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery group, and the differential operation method for increasing or prolonging the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment includes three equivalent lead-acid battery cells A, B, and C. The rated voltage of the battery pack is 4V, and the rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of the single-cell in the lead-acid battery pack. Each of the battery cells in the battery pack has its own independent input and output circuits of the positive and negative circuits.

The circuit of this embodiment has the functions of performing charge or charge/discharge operation of the positive and negative polarity inversion of any one of the lead-acid battery packs of the embodiment.

The method for distinguishing the polarity of the positive and negative poles and the charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment is as follows: the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to a charge and discharge cycle under the rated voltage, and the battery pack is operated during operation. The single cells A and B are in the charging and discharging cycle working state, and undertake the charging and discharging cycle work task of the battery pack, the single battery C is in the non-charge and discharge cycle working state, and the battery pack performs the charging and discharging cycle based on the single cells A and B, when the battery When the cycle discharge capacity of the group is decreased (including the positive electrode active material softening, detachment or negative electrode surface area shrinkage or sulphation, the same applies below) to 80% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the trigger has been set in the circuit of this embodiment. And executing the program, for the battery cell B with a faster voltage drop during operation, switching it to the non-cyclic working state, and switching the battery cell C with the qualified working ability originally in the non-cyclic working state to the circulating working state, so that the battery The group can continue to cycle according to the single cells A, C, and separately perform the battery for the single battery B that is transferred from the original circulating working state to the non-cyclic working state. After the polarity inversion and the negative electrode charge or charge and discharge operation, so that the working capacity of the unit cell B is qualified to restore the ability of this operation is completed, so that the cell cycle in a non-operating state B, to be switched.

When the battery pack operates based on the single cells A, C, and its cyclic working discharge capacity drops to 80% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the voltage and voltage drop during operation are determined by the trigger and execution procedures that have been set in the circuit of this embodiment. The faster battery cell A switches from the cyclic working state to the non-cyclic working state, and after the charging or charging and discharging operation of the original positive and negative polarity reversed and the subsequent non-cyclic working state The battery cell B with the qualified working ability is switched to the cyclic working state, so that the battery pack can continue to work cyclically based on the single cells B and C, and the battery cells A that are transferred from the original working state to the non-cyclic working state are separately subjected to the battery positive, The polarity of the negative electrode is reversed and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed to restore the working ability of the battery cell A to the qualified working capability. After the operation is completed, the battery cell A is in a non-cyclic working state and is to be switched.

When the battery pack operates based on the single cells B, C, and its circulating working discharge capacity drops to 80% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the single cell C with a faster voltage drop during operation in the battery pack and the non-cyclic working state are The single battery A performs the same operation as above, so that the battery pack is cycled again based on the single cells A and B, and the single cell C resumes the qualified operation after the battery positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations. Ability, in a non-cyclic working state, to be switched.

In the present embodiment, the switching between the cycle state and the non-circulation state of each of the cells in the lead-acid battery group can also be triggered by specifying the number of cycles of the battery pack or the battery cells.

According to the above method, the positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed on the single cells A, B, and C in turn (not necessarily in order or average number of times), so that the lead acid battery pack of the present embodiment The service life is significantly improved or extended, and the service life of the ordinary lead-acid battery pack is increased or extended by more than one time.

Example 18

The lead-acid battery group of the embodiment, the battery pack charge and discharge device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack, and the polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles for increasing or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The method for distinguishing operation, wherein the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment comprises 7 equivalent lead-acid battery cells A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and the rated capacity is equal to The rated capacity of the single cells in the lead-acid battery pack, each of the cells in the battery pack has independent input and output terminals of the positive and negative circuits.

The method for distinguishing the polarity of the positive and negative poles and the charging or charging and discharging operations of the present embodiment is as follows: the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to a charge and discharge cycle under the rated voltage, and the battery pack is operated during operation. The single cells A, B, C, D, E, F are in a cyclic working state, and bear the task of the battery pack. The battery cells G are in a non-cyclic working state, and the battery pack is based on the single cells A, B, C, D, E, F. Performing a cyclic operation, when the operating discharge capacity of the battery pack drops to 80% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the triggering and execution procedures have been set in the battery pack charger and discharger of the present embodiment, and the positive active material is used in the battery pack. The single battery B which has the largest capacity attenuation caused by softening and falling off switches its cycle working state to the non-cyclic working state, and switches the single-cell G with the qualified working ability originally in the non-cyclic working state to the cyclic working state. In order to enable the battery pack to continue to cycle based on the cells A, C, D, E, F, G, the battery cells B are individually switched from the original cycle working state to the non-cyclic working state. After the polarity inversion and the negative electrode charge or charge and discharge operation, so that the working capacity of the unit cell B is qualified to restore the ability of this operation is completed, so that the cell cycle in a non-operating state B, to be switched.

When the battery pack operates based on the single cells A, C, D, E, F, G, and its working discharge capacity drops to 75% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, it has been set by the battery pack charge and discharge device of this embodiment. The triggering and execution procedure is to switch the working cycle state to the non-cyclic working state for the single cell E with the largest capacity attenuation caused by the softening and falling off of the positive active material in the battery pack, and to be in the non-cyclic working state. The single battery B with qualified working ability is switched to the cyclic working state, so that the battery pack can continue to cycle according to the single cells A, B, C, D, F, G, and shift from the original circulating working state to the non-cyclic working state. The single battery E separately performs the positive and negative polarity reversal of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, so that the working ability of the single battery E is restored to the qualified working ability, and the battery pack can be working or the operation is performed. In other states in the cycle work, after the operation is completed, the battery cell E is in a non-cyclic working state, and is to be switched.

When the battery pack is cycled based on the cells A, B, C, D, F, and G, and its working discharge capacity drops to 65% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, it is caused by softening and falling off of the positive electrode active material in the battery pack. The single cell with the largest capacity attenuation and the single cell in the non-cyclic working state perform the same operation as above, so that the battery pack is charged and discharged again based on six cells with qualified working capacity, and the capacity attenuation is maximized. The battery cells are restored to the qualified working capacity after the battery's positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and are in a non-cyclic working state, to be switched.

According to the above method, the positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging of the single cells A, B, C, D, E, F or G are carried out alternately (not necessarily in order or average number of times). In operation, the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment is significantly improved or prolonged, and the service life of the ordinary lead-acid battery pack is increased or extended by more than one time.

Example 19

The lead-acid battery group of the embodiment, the circuit for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery group, and the differential operation method for increasing or prolonging the polarity of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations The lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment includes 12 equivalent lead-acid battery cells A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, k, L, and the battery pack is rated. The voltage is 12V, and the rated capacity is equal to the rated capacity of the single battery in the lead-acid battery pack, 20Ah (2h rate, 25°C). Each battery cell in the battery pack has independent input and output terminals of the positive and negative circuits.

The circuit of the present embodiment has the functions of performing charge or charge/discharge operation of the positive and negative polarity inversion of any one of the lead-acid battery packs of the present embodiment.

In this embodiment, the positive and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are differentiated as follows: the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to a charging and discharging cycle at a rated voltage, and the battery pack is operated during the cycle. The single cells A, B, C, D, E, F are in a cyclic working state, and the single cells G, H, I, J, k, L are in a non-cyclic working state, and the battery pack is based on the single cells A, B, C, D, E, F perform cyclic operation. When the working discharge capacity of the battery pack drops to 80% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the triggering and execution procedures have been set in the circuit of the embodiment, and the softening of the positive active material in the battery pack is performed. The single battery B that has fallen off and has a heavy capacity attenuation stops its operation and switches from the cyclic working state to the non-cyclic working state, and switches the single-cell G with the qualified working ability that was originally in the non-cyclic working state to the cyclic working state. In order to enable the battery pack to continue to cycle based on the cells A, C, D, E, F, G, the battery positive and negative polarity reversal is performed separately for the battery cells B that are switched from the original cycle working state to the non-cyclic working state. and The charge or charge and discharge operation, so that the working capacity of the unit cell B is qualified to restore the ability of this operation is completed, so that the cell cycle in a non-operating state B, to be switched.

When the battery pack performs charging and discharging cycles based on the cells A, C, D, E, F, and G, and the discharge capacity thereof is reduced to 50% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the trigger has been set in the circuit of this embodiment. And the execution program, for the single cells C and D with large capacity attenuation to stop working and switch from the circulating working state to the non-cyclic working state, and the single cells H and I with the qualified working ability which were originally in the non-cyclic working state. Switching to the cyclic working state, so that the battery pack can continue to work based on the cells A, E, F, G, H, I, and then, the cells C, D that are transferred from the original cycle working state to the non-cyclic working state are separately Performing charging or charging and discharging operations of the positive and negative polarity of the battery and subsequent charging, so that the working ability of the single cells C and D is restored to the qualified working ability. After the operation is completed, the cells C and D are in a non-circulating manner. Working status, to be switched.

When the battery pack is cycled based on the cells A, E, F, G, H, and I, and its discharge capacity drops to 70% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the cells A and E having a large capacity attenuation in the battery pack , F, G, and the cells B, C, D, and J in a non-cyclic working state perform the same operation as above, so that the battery pack can be cycled based on six single cells with qualified working ability, and the capacity attenuation is large. The battery cells are restored to the qualified working capacity after the battery's positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and are in a non-cyclic working state, to be switched.

In this embodiment, the switching between the circulating working state and the non-cyclic working state of each of the single cells in the lead-acid battery group can be realized by instantaneous switching.

According to the above method, one or more of the single cells A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L are taken simultaneously (not necessarily in order or average number of times) The positive and negative polarities of the battery and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations make the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the present embodiment significantly improved or prolonged, and the service life of the ordinary lead-acid battery pack is increased or extended by one time. the above.

Example 20

In this embodiment, the battery pack charge and discharge device, the lead-acid battery pack, and the positive or negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the lead-acid battery pack are improved or prolonged. The method for distinguishing the operation, wherein the battery pack charge and discharge device of this embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 16 of the present invention. The lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment comprises 6 equivalent lead-acid battery cells A, B, C, D, E, F, and the rated voltage of the battery pack is 12V, and the rated capacity is equal to the single battery in the lead-acid battery group. Rated capacity, 12Ah (2h rate, 25°C), each cell in the battery pack has its own independent input and output circuits for the positive and negative circuits.

The distinguishing operation of the positive and negative polarity reversal and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the battery pack is as follows: the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is subjected to the charging and discharging cycle at the rated voltage, when the battery pack of the embodiment When the discharge capacity is decreased (including the positive electrode active material softening, detachment or negative electrode surface area shrinkage or sulfation, the same applies hereinafter) to 75% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, the trigger has been set in the battery pack charge and discharge device of this embodiment. And executing the program to stop the battery pack, and perform one or more rows of the battery pack in which the discharge capacity is attenuated to perform the positive or negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, and the operation method is similar to The related operations in other embodiments of the present invention restore the working ability of the one or more battery cells to the qualified working capability, and after the operation is completed, return the battery pack to the working state. Whenever the discharge capacity of the battery pack of the embodiment is reduced to 75% of the rated capacity, the above operation is repeated, so that the service life of the lead-acid battery pack of the embodiment is significantly improved or prolonged, and the service life of the ordinary lead-acid battery pack is higher than that of the conventional lead-acid battery pack. Increased or extended by more than 1 time.

Example 21

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack in the embodiment is a charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is a battery or battery management system, and the function of the battery or battery management system of the embodiment It can fully realize all the operations and effects of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment as described below, and provide technical support for the implementation of the method for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present invention.

The method for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to the embodiment includes the total cumulative number of lead-acid batteries or battery packs of the present embodiment being interspersed during the floating charging operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack. Positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations described in the same or similar to all of the above embodiments of the present invention (ie, Example 1 to Example 20), Improve, repair, reverse, eliminate, inhibit, prevent softening or/and shedding of positive active materials in lead-acid batteries or batteries, electrode passivation, early capacity loss, corrosion, sulfation, specific surface area shrinkage, active substances and sets One or more of the fluid contact failures, etc., so that the working capacity of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment is restored or increased or prevented from falling, and then the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment is put into the floating charge work again. Go until the trigger or start again to perform the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the lead-acid battery or the lead-acid storage group of the present embodiment.

Example 22

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack is a charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is a battery or a battery pack charging and discharging machine, and the function of the charging and discharging machine of the embodiment can Fully implementing all the operations and effects performed on the lead-acid battery or battery pack of the present embodiment as described below, and providing technical support for the implementation of the lead-acid battery or battery pack forming method of the present invention.

The method for forming a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to the present embodiment includes using the same or similar polarity inversion as described in Embodiments 1 to 20 of the present invention and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operation method. The lead-acid battery or battery pack of the embodiment was formed. The method for forming a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to the embodiment further includes performing symmetric polarity inversion on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, the lead-acid battery in the embodiment. Or before the battery pack is put into the cyclic charging and discharging operation, all the electrodes (including the initial positive electrode and the negative electrode) of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the present embodiment are subjected to at least one formation of the positive electrode and one time as the formation of the negative electrode. In the embodiment, the method for forming a lead-acid battery or a battery pack improves the initial capacity of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, and has a certain improvement effect on the softening of the active material caused by the chemical formation, and at the same time, ensures positive and negative effects. The cycle charge and discharge performance of a lead-acid battery or battery pack of a very common electrode, which is repeatedly applied during the cyclic charging and discharging operation, and which is subjected to polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, is reversed in each polarity. Relative before and after the transfer.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the chemical conversion method of the present embodiment is implemented in the formation of a tubular lead-acid battery, including: in a normal chemical conversion process (charge and discharge of the battery in a positive connection state, a positive connection state, that is, a charge and discharge device) Before the positive output terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, that is, the tubular electrode A, and the negative output terminal of the charging and discharging device is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, that is, the plate electrode B), the reverse charging of the tubular lead-acid battery of the present embodiment is performed once. (In the reverse connection state, the battery is charged and discharged, and the reverse connection state, that is, the positive output end of the charging and discharging device is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, that is, the plate electrode B, and the negative output end of the charging and discharging device is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, that is, the tubular electrode A) In the formation, the amount of charge charged by the reverse polarity is 5-10% of the normalization process, and then the tubular lead-acid battery of the embodiment is transferred to a normalization process to be formed. As a result, in terms of the initial capacity of the battery, compared with other tubular lead-acid batteries which are only subjected to the normalizing process, the initial capacity of the tubular lead-acid battery in which the reverse polarity charging formation and the normalizing process are performed in this embodiment is relatively 10-20% higher.

Example 23

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack has the functions of performing ≥1 positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, The embodiment device includes a power supply circuit unit and a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and an output terminal of the power supply circuit unit is connected to an input terminal of the polarity inversion execution circuit unit, as shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the polarity inversion execution circuit unit can invert the polarity of its own output voltage. The power supply circuit unit of the device of the embodiment is one or two of a DC power supply and a pulse power supply, and the polarity is reversed. The circuit unit includes a relay that can switch between the open and closed states of the relay internal contact by manual or electromagnetic force control, and its structure is as shown in FIG. In the device of the present embodiment, before the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, as shown in FIG. 14, the positive and negative output terminals of the power supply circuit unit are sequentially and respectively The

input terminals

5, 6 of the polarity inversion execution circuit unit are connected, and the contacts of the routing rotor 7 and the

conductive paths

9, 11 are in a closed state, and the contacts of the

conductive paths

10, 12 are in an off state. At this time, the polarity of the output terminal 13 of the polarity inversion execution circuit is positive, the polarity of the output terminal 14 is negative, and the

output terminals

13, 14 are also the output terminals of the apparatus of this embodiment. When the apparatus of the present embodiment performs the primary and negative polarity inversion and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment, the polarity of the device of the embodiment is reversed to the output terminal of the circuit unit. 13 and 14 are respectively connected to the two output terminals A and B of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack. If the polarity of the terminal A is positive and the polarity of the terminal B is negative, the device of the embodiment is at this time. The connection with the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is in a positive connection state, that is, the connection between the output end of the device and the lead-acid battery or the battery output terminal of the embodiment is positive polarity and positive polarity connection, negative polarity and negative polarity connection, and then manually Or electromagnetic force operation, such that the routing rotor 7 inside the polarity inversion execution circuit is disconnected from the contacts of the

conductive paths

9, 11, and the contacts with the

conductive paths

10, 12 are closed, thereby making the

conductive paths

9, 11 The circuit is open, and the

conductive paths

10, 12 are turned on, such that the polarity of the output terminal 13 is reversed to be negative, and the polarity of the output terminal 14 is reversed to be positive, thereby causing the device of the present embodiment and the lead-acid battery or battery at this time. group The connection formed is a reverse connection state, that is, the connection between the output end of the device and the lead-acid battery or the battery output terminal of the embodiment is that the positive polarity is connected to the negative polarity, the negative polarity is connected to the positive polarity, and in the reverse connection state, The apparatus of the embodiment charges the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment, so that the polarity of the voltage at the output end of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is reversed, that is, the polarity of the terminal A of the lead-acid battery or the output end of the battery pack is reversed to Negative, the polarity of terminal B is reversed to positive. At this point, the polarity reversal of the positive and negative poles of the lead-acid battery or battery pack is completed. After the polarity is reversed, the lead-acid battery or battery pack output at this time. In the terminal voltage polarity state or the polarity direction, the device of the embodiment continues to charge or charge and discharge the lead-acid battery or the battery pack until the end of charging or charging and discharging, that is, the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is completed. The negative electrode performs polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

The other polarity inversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the apparatus of the present embodiment are similar to the above-described operation methods of the embodiment.

In other embodiments of the embodiment, the relay in the device of the embodiment may be a transistor relay.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the polarity inversion execution circuit of the present embodiment includes an inverter circuit composed of a transistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, as shown in FIG.

Example 24

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment has the functions of performing ≥1 positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, Any one of the operations performed on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack in Embodiment 1-22 of the present invention is completed. The apparatus of the embodiment includes a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, an auxiliary power supply circuit unit, a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, an isolation/drive circuit unit, and a signal acquisition circuit unit (also referred to as a measurement circuit unit), and the polarity of this embodiment The reverse execution circuit unit can invert the polarity of its own output voltage. In this embodiment, the auxiliary power supply circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, and the control circuit unit passes the isolation/drive circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit and the polarity. The reverse execution circuit unit is connected, the power supply circuit unit is connected to the polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and the signal acquisition circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit. As shown in FIG. 16, the output end of the polarity inversion execution circuit is also The output of the device of this embodiment. When the device of the present embodiment performs a positive or negative polarity inversion and a subsequent charging or charging/discharging operation on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, the output of the polarity inversion execution circuit unit of the apparatus of the present embodiment is lead-lead. The acid battery or the output end of the battery pack is connected, and the control circuit unit controls and realizes the pole of the polarity reversal execution circuit power or electric signal according to the internal setting and the signal from the battery or the battery pack fed back by the signal acquisition circuit unit. The connection between the output end of the device and the output end of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is reversed, that is, the connection between the output end of the device of the embodiment and the output end of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is a reverse connection. That is, the positive polarity is connected to the negative polarity, and the negative polarity is connected to the positive polarity. In the reverse polarity connection state, the apparatus of the embodiment charges the lead acid battery or the battery pack of the embodiment to make the output voltage of the lead acid battery or the battery pack output terminal. The polarity is reversed. At this point, the polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or battery pack is completed. After the polarity is reversed, At this time, the voltage polarity state or the polarity direction of the output end of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, the device of this embodiment continues to charge or charge and discharge the lead-acid battery or the battery pack, and the charging or charging and discharging ends, that is, once completed. Reverse polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery or battery pack and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.

Example 25

The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack has the functions of performing ≥1 positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, Any of the functions of the apparatus for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to any one of embodiments 1-22 of the present invention. The device of the embodiment comprises a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, an auxiliary power supply circuit unit, a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, an isolation/drive circuit unit, a signal acquisition circuit unit (also called a measurement circuit unit), an input circuit unit, and an output. Circuit unit, storage circuit unit, battery identification circuit unit, battery identification circuit unit, battery group bus platform circuit unit, grid noise filter circuit unit, human/machine interaction circuit unit, host computer, reverse connection protection circuit, one of Kind or more. The auxiliary power supply circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, and the control circuit unit is connected to the power supply circuit unit and the polarity inversion execution circuit unit through the isolation/drive circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit is connected to the polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and the signal The acquisition circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, wherein the control circuit unit and the storage circuit unit, the battery identity circuit unit, the battery identification circuit unit, the battery group bus platform circuit unit, the human/machine interaction circuit unit, the upper computer, wherein One or more of the connections are connected or connected through the isolation/drive circuit unit, the grid noise filter circuit unit is connected to the input circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit, and the reverse connection protection circuit is connected to the output circuit unit, as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the polarity inversion execution circuit unit can invert the polarity of its own output voltage, and the power supply circuit unit is composed of a power conversion circuit and a chopper circuit.

The device of this embodiment performs the positive or negative polarity inversion of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are the same as or similar to those in the embodiment 1-24 of the present invention.

In other embodiments of the present embodiment, the power supply circuit unit of the embodiment includes a current source, a voltage source, and a pulse circuit unit, one or more of which; the control circuit unit includes a single chip microcomputer, a programmable logic circuit, and an analog integrated circuit. One or more of them; the polarity inversion execution circuit unit includes one or more of a relay, another inverter circuit, or a phase change circuit.

Example 26

The present embodiment relates to the application of the apparatus for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack of the present invention to other types of secondary batteries or battery packs other than a lead-acid battery or a battery pack. The apparatus of the present embodiment is the same or similar to any of the embodiments 1-25 of the present invention for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, and the apparatus of the present embodiment is used for a lead-acid battery or a battery pack. The polarity reversal of the positive and negative electrodes of other types of secondary batteries or battery packs and the subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are the same as or similar to those of the lead-acid batteries or battery packs, during operation. Parameters such as current, voltage, time, etc., need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of the battery or battery pack being operated.

Claims

A device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, characterized in that the device can perform polarity reversal and subsequent charging of a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a lead-acid battery or/and a lead-acid battery battery group or The charge and discharge operation, and the total cumulative number of times that the operation can or actually be performed is ≥ 2 times, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, that is, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are The polarity is reversed, and after the polarity is reversed, the electrode that has undergone the polarity inversion is charged or charged and discharged.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the device is a circuit or a charge and discharge device; or characterized in that the device is a lead-acid battery or / The polarity reversal, polarity reversal, and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery pack are performed automatically or/and manually.
The device for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the circuit or the charging and discharging device is a management circuit of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack, a charger, a charger, and a repairing device. , a tester, a charge and discharger, a battery or battery management system, one of the uninterruptible power systems, or a device formed by integrating them with each other.
The apparatus for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein said positive and negative electrodes are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including a lead-acid battery Or / and the electrode of the lead-acid battery pack is reversed in polarity, and after the polarity is reversed, the electrode that has undergone the polarity reversal is subjected to an electrochemical reaction in which the electrode is positive before the polarity is reversed. After the polarity is reversed, the lead-acid battery negative electrode reaction is performed, and the lead oxide, the basic lead sulfate, and the lead sulfate contained in the electrode which is the positive electrode before the polarity is reversed are electrically inverted after the polarity is reversed. The chemical reduction reaction and the electrode which is the negative electrode before the polarity is reversed are subjected to the reverse polarity reaction, and then the lead acid battery positive electrode reaction is carried out, one or more of them.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein said positive polarity and negative electrode are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including said positive electrode And the polarity reversal of the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations and the operation of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack are interspersed and alternately performed, and the lead-acid battery or the battery pack is in operation, the original The positive electrode and the original negative electrode are in one of the following three electrode working states: (1) the original positive electrode always operates as a positive electrode, and the original negative electrode always operates as a negative electrode; (2) the original positive electrode always operates as a negative electrode. The original negative electrode always operates as a positive electrode; (3) the original positive electrode may operate as a positive electrode or may operate as a negative electrode, and accordingly, the original negative electrode may operate as a negative electrode or may operate as a positive electrode; The positive electrode and the original negative electrode are charged or charged without being subjected to any of the positive and negative polarity inversions. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery or the battery pack during electrical operation.
The apparatus for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein the polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations include: Performing two consecutive or consecutive even times of positive and negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, performing single or continuous odd number of positive and negative polarity inversions, and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations One or more of them;
The apparatus for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein said positive polarity and negative electrode are subjected to polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations, including Performing a distinguishing operation on one of the battery cells and some of the battery cells in the battery pack, that is, the device may perform the polarity reversal of the positive and negative polarities separately for only one of the battery cells in the battery pack Charging or charging and discharging operations, or performing only the positive and negative polarity inversions and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations on some of the battery cells in the battery pack.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein the polarity inversion of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations are performed. Pulse charging or / and discharging operation.
The apparatus for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 8, wherein said pulse charging or/and discharging comprises a positive pulse, a negative pulse, a positive and negative pulse mixed pulse, a slow pulse charge or / And discharge one or more of them.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that it can be based on a certain physical quantity, a quantity value, a chemical quantity value, and a variation value thereof and a calculated value. One or more of setting, measuring, signal acquisition, calculation results, starting or stopping the charging of the positive and negative polarities, the charging or discharging operation after the polarity inversion, or the polarity inversion is performed or Perform previous discharge or / and charge operations.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 10, wherein the physical quantity comprises a voltage value, a current value, a current density value, a power value, a capacity value, a power value, and a time value. One or more of temperature value, force value, pressure value, density value, photometric value, frequency value; the quantity value includes cumulative value, odd value, even value, proportional value, battery or/and battery pack One or more of the values of the charge and discharge cycles; the chemical amount includes the acidity value of the battery or/and the battery.
Apparatus for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein said apparatus implements or implements said positive and negative polarity reversal and subsequent charging or charging The method of discharging operation includes: performing reverse polarity charging on the lead-acid battery or battery pack.
Apparatus for increasing or extending the useful life of a lead-acid battery or battery pack according to claim 12, said reverse polarity charging operation comprising: reacting polarity of said device output connected to said lead-acid battery or battery electrode The charging or charging and discharging operations performed on the lead-acid battery or the battery pack after the polarity is reversed are performed to implement or implement the positive or negative polarity inversion and subsequent charging or charging and discharging operations.
The apparatus for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus comprises at least a power supply circuit unit, a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and an output terminal and a polarity of the power supply circuit unit. The input terminal of the inversion execution circuit unit is connected, and the polarity inversion execution circuit unit can invert the polarity of its own output voltage.
A device for increasing or extending the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 14, wherein the device comprises a power supply circuit unit, a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, a control circuit unit, an auxiliary power supply circuit unit, An isolation/drive circuit unit, a signal acquisition circuit unit, the auxiliary power supply circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit, and the control circuit unit is connected to the power supply circuit unit and the polarity inversion execution circuit unit through the isolation/drive circuit unit, The power supply circuit unit is connected to a polarity inversion execution circuit unit, and the signal acquisition circuit unit is connected to the control circuit unit.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 15, wherein the apparatus further comprises an input circuit unit, an output circuit unit, a storage circuit unit, a battery identity circuit unit, and a battery identification One or more of a circuit unit, a battery pack bus platform circuit unit, a grid noise filter circuit unit, a human/machine interaction circuit unit, a host computer, and a reverse connection protection circuit unit, wherein the control circuit unit and the storage circuit unit and the battery Identification circuit unit, battery identification circuit unit, battery group bus platform circuit unit, human/machine interaction circuit unit, host computer, one or more of which are connected or connected through isolation/drive circuit unit, grid noise filtering The circuit unit is connected to the input circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit, and the reverse connection protection circuit unit is connected to the output circuit unit.
The apparatus for improving or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the power supply circuit unit comprises a current source, a voltage source, and a pulse circuit unit, one or more of which; The polarity inversion execution circuit unit includes one or more of a relay, another inverter circuit or a phase change circuit; the control circuit unit includes a single chip microcomputer, a programmable logic circuit, an analog integrated circuit, one or more of which Kind.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is applied to a repair, regeneration, and formation process of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack.
The apparatus for increasing or prolonging the service life of a lead-acid battery or a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is applied to other types of secondary batteries or battery packs other than a lead-acid battery or a battery pack; or The battery is characterized in that the polarity-reversed electrode is charged or charged and discharged, wherein the charge or charge and discharge amount is 0.5 times or more of the rated capacity of the electrode.