CN107723056A - 非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油 - Google Patents
非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油 Download PDFInfo
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 alkylamine zinc complexes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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Abstract
本发明属于液压油领域，涉及一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油，其有机锌添加剂制备方法为称取一定量的氧化铜粉末，溶解到硫酸溶液中，然后慢慢滴加C4~C18的直链或支链双烷基胺，加热，减压蒸馏，干燥得到双烷基胺锌络合物；其节能型长寿命低温液压油则由加氢深度精制基础油、二烷基苯基础油、聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂、聚甲基丙烯酸酯增粘剂、双烷基胺锌络合物抗氧抗磨添加剂、烷基二苯胺、十二烯基丁二酸和非硅油型消泡剂组成。本发明提供的双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂及使用该添加剂调和的节能型长寿命低温液压油平均换油周期是市面长寿命液压油的1~2倍，换油周期可达到5500小时以上，节能10~20%之间，经济性可以提高20~30%，具有可观的经济效益和市场推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于液压油领域，涉及添加剂，尤其涉及一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油。
背景技术
液压油在多种设备和系统中担负着传动、润滑、密封、降温、防腐、防锈等重要功能。在液压系统中，液压油就如同人体的血液一样重要。系统能否可靠、有效而经济地工作，在相当程度上取决于液压油的性能。
液压油是工业润滑油中用量最大、应用面最广的品种，2017年总需求量约200万吨，约占工业润滑油需求量的 61.20%。而且每年以0.55%的需求量递增。
液压油寿命的决定因素主要有：（1）基础油的精制程度；（2）添加剂的配方；（3）使用的环境与工况。市面上销售的液压油种类繁多，使用时间大多为300~2000个小时，油品快速变黑、油泥多、使用时间短是现在液压油出现的常见问题。
发明内容
本发明针对上述的问题，提供了一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油，非硫磷型有机锌添加剂代替液压油添加剂中经常使用的非环保型的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为，一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂，所述非硫磷型有机锌添加剂为双烷基胺锌络合物，其化学结构式为：
，
其中R为C4~C18的直链或支链烷基。
一种制备非硫磷型有机锌添加剂的方法，具体包括以下步骤：
1）称取氧化铜粉末，溶解到硫酸溶液中；
2）然后慢慢滴加C4~C18的直链或支链双烷基胺，并做加热处理；
3）依次进行减压、蒸馏、干燥，即得到双烷基胺锌络合物。
作为优选，所述步骤2）中的加热温度为100~120℃；加热时间为38~42min。
一种含有机锌添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油，具体包括以下组分：
| 加氢深度精制基础油 | 70.63~8525份； |
| 二烷基苯基础油 | 10~20份； |
| 聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂 | 0.1~0.2份； |
| 聚甲基丙烯酸酯增粘剂 | 4~8份； |
| 双烷基胺锌络合物 | 0.4~0.72份； |
| 烷基二苯胺 | 0.2~0.35份； |
| 十二烯基丁二酸 | 0.05~0.1份； |
| 非硅油型消泡剂 | 10~20ppm。 |
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果在于，
1、本发明中有机锌添加剂在低温液压油中的应用，大大提高了低温液压油抗氧化性能；双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂含有胺基结构，提高了低温液压油的抗氧性。
2、聚甲基丙烯酸酯作为增粘剂，极大地提高了油品的抗剪切能力，具有低粘度和高粘度指数化的特点；
3、使用二烷基苯基础油，提高了油品的低温流动性；
4、双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂不含硫、磷，代替液压油添加剂中经常使用的非环保型的抗氧抗磨二烷基二硫代磷酸锌添加剂，提高了整体油品的环保效果。
5、本发明提供的双基胺锌络合物添加剂及使用该添加剂调和的节能型长寿命低温液压油平均换油周期是市面长寿命液压油的1~2倍，换油周期可达到5500小时以上，节能10~20%之间，经济性可以提高20~30%，具有可观的经济效益和市场推广价值。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明并不限于下面公开说明书的具体实施例的限制。
本发明提供了一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂、及其制备方法以及含有该添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油，下面依次描述以下，
1、环保型抗氧抗磨有机锌添加剂即双烷基胺锌络合物的合成：
在氮气流保护的环境下，称取427.5g的质量分数为30%的硫酸溶液转移至1000ml的三口烧瓶中，将称取的97.5g的氧化锌固体粉末均匀分散在烧瓶中，磁力搅拌，将称取的1.0~2.0mol过量的C4~C18的直链或支链双烷基胺慢慢滴加到三口烧瓶中，控制该反应体系的温度100~120℃之间，反应时间大约为40分钟。利用分水器分离上面的水层，过滤，在经减压蒸馏，真空干燥得到双烷基胺锌络合物固体。反应方程式如下：
2、双烷基胺锌络合物抗磨性的测定。按质量分数0.5、1.0的双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌添加剂分别加入大连150SN基础油中，按照SH/T 0189测试方法，392N压力，1200r/min，常温，30min测试其磨斑直径。测试结果如下：
| 磨斑直径Pb，mm | |
| 0.5%（二烷基二硫代磷酸锌） | 0.51 |
| 0.5%（双烷基胺锌络合物） | 0.30 |
| 1.0%（二烷基二硫代磷酸锌） | 0.408 |
| 1.0%（双烷基胺锌络合物 | 0.34 |
结论：磨斑直径Pb值越小越好。通过测试数据可以看出，本发明合成的双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂抗磨性明显优于市场主要使用的抗氧抗磨添加剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。
3、按试验方法SH/T 0193旋转氧弹法测试双烷基胺锌络合物在大连150SN中的抗氧化性。
| 氧化诱导时间，mm | |
| 0.0%（双烷基胺锌络合物） | 22 |
| 0.5%（双烷基胺锌络合物） | 316 |
| 1.0%（双烷基胺锌络合物 | 550 |
结论：氧化诱导时间越长代表油品的抗氧化能力越好。通过测试数据可以看出，本发明合成的双烷基胺锌络合物添加剂可以很好的提高基础油的抗氧化性。
4、节能型长寿命低温液压油配方。一种加入上述有机锌抗氧抗磨添加剂即双烷基胺锌络合物的节能型长寿命低温液压油，其组分及重量百分比如下：
| 46# | |
| 加氢精制基础油100N | 45.70% |
| 加氢精制基础油250N | 35% |
| 二烷基苯基础油DAB6 | 10% |
| 聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂 | 0.2% |
| 聚甲基丙烯酸酯增粘剂 | 8.0% |
| 双烷基胺锌络合物抗氧抗磨剂 | 0.70% |
| 烷基二苯胺抗氧剂 | 0.30% |
| 十二烯基丁二酸防锈剂 | 0.10% |
| 非硅油型消泡剂 | 15ppm |
本发明一种加入上述非硫磷型有机锌抗氧抗磨添加剂剂即双烷基胺锌络合物的节能型长寿命低温液压油检测指标以及与市场在售同类型产品数据对比如下：
| 46# | A | B | |
| 运动粘度40℃（mm2/s） | 45.23 | 46.14 | 48.22 |
| 粘度指数 | 212 | 168 | 174 |
| 开口闪点（℃） | 230 | 216 | 222 |
| 抗磨性Pb，mm | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.44 |
| 倾点，℃ | -55 | -40 | -42 |
数据说明：本发明一种加入上述非硫磷型有机锌抗氧抗磨添加剂剂即双烷基胺锌络合物的节能型长寿命低温液压油抗磨性要小于市场同类产品，具有更好的抗磨性；粘度指数高达210以上，因而高温工作时具有更大的流量和容积效率。，具有低粘度和高粘度指数化的特点。低粘度是指在低温和常温状态下油品的粘度较低，低粘度的油品摩擦阻力小，油品流速快，可以大大提高机械效率；高粘度指数是指在高温状态下油品的粘度较大，高温时粘度较大可以减少液压系统内的内部泄漏，提高容积使用率；倾点-55℃，可以在极冷地区使用，扩大了油品的使用地区。
据多台挖掘机实践证明，和普通液压油相比，该液压油最高可节能10% 以上，换油周期可以达到5500小时以上。此外，该液压油具有优异的低温启动性，低温启动时的动力效率比普通液压油可提高50％。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域，但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种非硫磷型有机锌添加剂，其特征在于，所述有机锌添加剂为双烷基胺锌络合物，其化学结构式为：
，
其中R为C4~C18的直链或支链烷基。
2.一种制备非硫磷型有机锌添加剂的方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
称取氧化铜粉末，溶解到硫酸溶液中；
然后慢慢滴加C4~C18的直链或支链双烷基胺，并做加热处理；
依次进行减压、蒸馏、干燥，即得到双烷基胺锌络合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备非硫磷型有机锌添加剂的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2）中的加热温度为100~120℃；加热时间为38~42min。
4.一种含非硫磷型有机锌添加剂的节能型长寿命低温液压油，其特征在于，具体包括以下组分：
。
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