CN107714986A - 一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物及其制备方法，涉及蜜蜂疾病防治技术领域，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25‑35份、贯众20‑30份、鸡娃草15‑25份、皂角刺10‑20份、红藤10‑20份、厚朴20‑30份、金银花20‑30份、黄连15‑25份、米醋7‑12份。本发明中各药物相互配伍，相辅相助，对欧洲幼虫腐臭病的致病菌有很强的杀灭作用，能够迅速杀灭幼虫体内及巢脾上的致病菌，促进病蜂恢复，降低感染扩散率，治疗效果明显、持久，可以替代抗真菌西药的使用，安全副作用小，有效避免中华蜂因欧洲幼虫腐臭病死亡而导致的经济损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜜蜂疾病防治技术领域，尤其涉及一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
欧洲幼虫腐臭病是蜜蜂幼虫的一种细菌传染病，在世界许多国家均有发生。在中国的发生较为普遍，而西方蜂种较少发生。欧洲幼虫腐臭病的致病菌是蜂房蜜蜂球菌，其余为次生菌，如蜂房芽孢杆菌，侧芽孢杆菌及其变异型蜜蜂链球菌等。该病多发于早春晚秋季节，是气温变化大、饲喂保温较差所致，主要危害幼虫，可致幼虫体腐烂，腐烂的尸体稍有黏性但不能拉成丝状，具有酸臭味，使蜂群失去活力及生产能力。
目前，治疗该病的普遍方法是采用抗真菌药物，如采用0.1％-0.2％的新洁尔灭溶液喷蜂喷蜂，不仅治疗效果不好，而且这类药物毒副作用强，不利于蜂群的发展，对蜂蜜的质量也有污染。现有方法中也用采用纯中草药验方进行治疗的，使用时，将中草药熬成药汁后勾兑糖浆后饲喂，虽然毒副作用小，甚至是无副作用，但药效不甚理想。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物及其制备方法，对欧洲幼虫腐臭病的致病菌有很强的杀灭作用，促进病蜂恢复，降低感染扩散率。
本发明提出的一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25-35份、贯众20-30份、鸡娃草15-25份、皂角刺10-20份、红藤10-20份、厚朴20-30份、金银花20-30份、黄连15-25份、米醋7-12份。
优选地，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25-30份、贯众22-27份、鸡娃草17-22份、皂角刺15-20份、红藤11-16份、厚朴22-27份、金银花20-25份、黄连15-20份、米醋10-12份。
本发明还提出上述中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入6-10倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取1.5-2.5h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量3-5倍的水，搅拌20-30min，静置2-3h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的8-12倍的水，煎煮提取1-2h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
优选地，所述米醋的浓度为9度。
本发明制备的中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的使用方法如下：将制备的防治药物用适量温水溶解，加入到50％糖水中，充分搅匀，防治药物和糖水的质量体积比为1g：350-400mL，对巢脾进行喷喂，隔日1次，连续用药3-5个疗程，间隔7天后再喷喂一次即可。
本发明中各原料的功效如下：
穿心莲：性寒，味苦，归肺经、胃经、肝经，具有清热解毒、凉血、消肿的功效，用治感冒发热、咽喉肿痛、口舌生疮、顿咳劳嗽、泄泻痢疾、热淋涩痛、痈肿疮疡、毒蛇咬伤；穿心莲主要具有解热作用，还有抗病原微生物及抗炎、增强免疫功能。
贯众：性微寒，味苦，归肝经、胃经，具有清热解毒、杀虫、止血的功效；具有驱虫作用，可兴奋离体子宫，可抗早孕及堕胎，有雌激素样作用，有抗肿瘤、抗病原微生物等作用。
鸡娃草：性寒，味苦，具有解毒、杀虫的功效，用于治疗神经性皮炎、牛皮癣、头癣、手癣、足癣、疣痣。
皂角刺：性温，味辛，归肝经、胃经，具有消肿托毒、排脓、杀虫的功效；现代药理研究表明，皂角刺的煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌和卡他球菌有抑制作用，水浸剂对肉瘤-180的抑制率为32.8％。
红藤：性平，味苦，归胃经、大肠经，具有清热解毒，活血通络，败毒散瘀，祛风杀虫的功效；现代药理研究表明，红藤的煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌有极强的抑菌作用，对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、甲型链球菌、卡他球菌、白色葡萄球菌等，也有高敏感抑菌作用。
厚朴：性温，味苦，归脾经、胃经、大肠经，具有行气消积、燥湿除满、降逆平喘之功效；现代药理研究表明，厚朴煎剂对葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌等革兰阳性菌和炭疽杆菌、痢疾杆菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、枯草杆菌等革兰阴性杆菌均有一定的抗菌杀菌作用，在试管内，煎剂(1:1)稀释至1/640时，其抑菌作用仍强于金霉素。
金银花：性寒，味甘。归肺经、心经、胃经，具有清热解毒、凉散风热的功效；现代药理研究表明，金银花具有抗病原微生物、抗毒、抗炎、解热、促进炎细胞吞噬功能、降血脂、中枢兴奋等作用。
黄连：性寒，味苦，归心经、脾经、胃经、肝经、胆经、大肠经，具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效；动物试验表明，黄连中含有的小檗碱有抗菌、抗病毒及原虫、抗炎、抗微生物的作用。
米醋：米醋中有20多种氨基酸和16种有机酸，可促进糖代谢等，消除疲劳，降低胆固醇，防止动脉硬化等，用于中药炮制，能够引药入肝、增强活血止痛作用，.降低毒性、缓和药性，增加药物有效成分的溶出，杀菌防腐。
有益效果：本发明中各药物相互配伍，相辅相助，对欧洲幼虫腐臭病的致病菌有很强的杀灭作用，能够迅速杀灭幼虫体内及巢脾上的致病菌，促进病蜂恢复，降低感染扩散率，治疗效果明显、持久，可以替代抗真菌西药的使用，安全副作用小，有效避免中华蜂因欧洲幼虫腐臭病死亡而导致的经济损失。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25份、贯众30份、鸡娃草15份、皂角刺20份、红藤10份、厚朴30份、金银花20份、黄连25份、家用食用米醋7份。
本发明还提出上述中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入6倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取1.5h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量3倍的水，搅拌20min，静置2h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的8倍的水，煎煮提取1h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲32份、贯众28份、鸡娃草20份、皂角刺16份、红藤14份、厚朴28份、金银花26份、黄连17份、9度米醋10份。
本发明还提出上述中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入8倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取2h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量4倍的水，搅拌25min，静置2.5h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的10倍的水，煎煮提取1.5h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲28份、贯众25份、鸡娃草18份、皂角刺17份、红藤12份、厚朴22份、金银花25份、黄连18份、9度米醋12份。
本发明还提出上述中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入10倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取2.5h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量5倍的水，搅拌30min，静置3h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的12倍的水，煎煮提取2h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲35份、贯众20份、鸡娃草25份、皂角刺10份、红藤20份、厚朴20份、金银花30份、黄连15份、9度米醋11份。
本发明还提出上述中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入10倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取1.5h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量5倍的水，搅拌30min，静置2h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的12倍的水，煎煮提取1h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
将本发明制备的防治药物进行防治效果测试。
试验步骤：将发现有欧洲幼虫腐臭病病害的中华蜂蜜蜂养殖场作为试验场地，选择3框中华蜂进行试验，每框保留蜜蜂300只左右；3框蜜蜂其中一箱不做任何防治措施，作为空白组；一箱采用高效抗真菌试剂新洁尔灭作为对照组，用适量温水溶解新洁尔灭，加入到50％糖水中，充分搅匀，试剂和糖水的质量体积比为2g：350mL，对巢脾进行喷喂，隔日1次，连续用药4个疗程，间隔7天后再喷喂一次；一箱采用本发明实施例3制备的防治药物，用适量温水溶解，加入到50％糖水中，充分搅匀，防止药物和糖水的质量体积比为1g：350mL，对巢脾进行喷喂，隔日1次，连续用药4个疗程，间隔7天后再喷喂一次即可，记录患病蜜蜂和健康蜜蜂的数量。试验结果见下表。
表1欧洲幼虫腐臭病防治效果
从表1中可以看出，空白组中华蜂患欧洲幼虫腐臭病大范围蔓延，对照组对于该病害有一定的控制作用，但复发率高，不能完全治愈，而本发明实施例3制备的防治药物对欧洲幼虫腐臭病有很好的治愈作用，效果要明显优于对照组。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25-35份、贯众20-30份、鸡娃草15-25份、皂角刺10-20份、红藤10-20份、厚朴20-30份、金银花20-30份、黄连15-25份、米醋7-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：穿心莲25-30份、贯众22-27份、鸡娃草17-22份、皂角刺15-20份、红藤11-16份、厚朴22-27份、金银花20-25份、黄连15-20份、米醋10-12份。
3.一种基于权利要求1或2所述的中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、取红藤、厚朴、黄连，混合粉碎，加入6-10倍的65％乙醇溶液，加热回流提取1.5-2.5h，过滤，滤渣备用，将滤液减压回收乙醇，向其中加入原料初始质量3-5倍的水，搅拌20-30min，静置2-3h后过滤，得滤液A；
S2、取穿心莲、贯众、鸡娃草、皂角刺、金银花和S1中的滤渣，混合粉碎，加入米醋，然后加入原料初始质量的8-12倍的水，煎煮提取1-2h，过滤，得滤液B；
S3、将滤液A和滤液B混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩至稠膏，干燥、粉碎，即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中华蜂欧洲幼虫腐臭病的防治药物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述米醋的浓度为9度。
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