CN107690385A - 制造层压品的工艺和设备 - Google Patents

制造层压品的工艺和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107690385A
CN107690385A CN201680030665.4A CN201680030665A CN107690385A CN 107690385 A CN107690385 A CN 107690385A CN 201680030665 A CN201680030665 A CN 201680030665A CN 107690385 A CN107690385 A CN 107690385A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
base material
thermoplastic
laser beam
polymeric materials
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680030665.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
H-G·金策尔曼
R·麦金利
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Henkel IP and Holding GmbH
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Henkel IP and Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA, Henkel IP and Holding GmbH filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of CN107690385A publication Critical patent/CN107690385A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1632—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1696—Laser beams making use of masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7888—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
    • B29C65/7894—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of continuously moving sheets or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294—Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将包含热塑性聚合物材料表面的第一基材层压至第二基材上的工艺，所述第一基材优选为热塑性聚合物膜，所述第二基材优选为无纺织物或纺织物，其中在将两个基材彼此层压之前，通过用激光束照射热塑性聚合物材料表面使其活化，还涉及用于实施这种工艺的设备。

Description

制造层压品的工艺和设备
本发明涉及一种将第一基材层压至第二基材上的工艺，所述第一基材包含热塑性聚合物材料表面，且第一基材优选为热塑性聚合物膜，所述第二基材优选为无纺织物或纺织物，其中在将两个基材彼此层压之前，通过用激光束照射使所述热塑性聚合物材料表面活化，还涉及用于实施这种工艺的设备。
国际专利公开WO2014/118356A1描述了一种不使用粘合剂用于生产层压品的工艺，其中所述层压品包括热塑性膜和无纺织物或纺织物。在所描述的工艺中，在将热塑性膜压到织物上以制造层压品之前，仅热塑性膜的表面通过红外照射加热，从而一方面提供必要的粘合性，另一方面避免了损害结构完整性和聚合物膜的机械性能。为了避免熔化整个膜，该工艺包括在红外照射期间冷却聚合物膜的下侧的步骤。
尽管该工艺避免了加热整个聚合物膜以及由此导致的结构完整性损失相关的缺点，并因此也能实现生产非常薄的层压品，例如卫生产品所需的层压品，但是它需要对现有生产设备进行大规模改造以实施用于聚合物膜的背面(下侧)的冷却措施。另外，层压装置所产生的热暴露是不希望的。
因此，本领域需要改进的工艺以克服现有技术的缺点，特别是上述那些缺点。
通过此处描述的使用激光活化热塑性聚合物材料表面的工艺可以满足这种需求，从而避免了对冷却装置的需要并且也使得层压设备的热暴露最小化。
第一方面，本发明因此涉及一种工艺，优选连续工艺，其用于在不使用粘合剂的情况下将至少一个包含热塑性聚合物材料表面的第一基材粘合到至少一个第二基材上以形成层压品，所述工艺包括：
(a)用激光束形式的电磁辐射照射热塑性聚合物材料表面，使得热塑性聚合物材料表面至少局部加热至软化状态；和
(b)将激光照射软化的热塑性聚合物材料表面层压到无纺织物或纺织物上。
另一方面，本发明涉及用于在不使用粘合剂的情况下将至少一个第一基材优选以连续工艺层压到至少一个第二基材上形成层压品的设备，其中所述至少一个第一基材包含热塑性聚合物材料表面，并且所述至少一个第一基材优选为热塑性聚合物膜，其中所述至少一个第二基材优选为无纺织物或纺织物，所述设备包括：
(a)至少一个传送装置，其用于在进料方向上传送所述至少一个第一基材、所述至少一个第二基材或两者；
(b)激光器，其用于产生激光束并照射热塑性聚合物材料表面，使得其至少局部加热到软化状态，其中激光束被导向使得其在热塑性聚合物材料表面上的投影相对于所述表面沿投影移动方向运动，其中所述投影移动方向相对于进料方向至少暂时成一定角度，以允许在层压步骤之前在第一基材沿着进料方向移动期间加热所述热塑性聚合物材料表面，其中所述激光器优选发射波长为1-12μm，更优选5-10μm，甚至更优选9-10μm的红外辐射，其中所述激光器任选为CO2激光器；
(c)层压单元，其用以将所述至少一个第一基材以该第一基材的软化的热塑性聚合物材料表面侧层压到所述至少一个第二基材上。
优选的实施方案在从属权利要求中列出。
此处所用的“至少一个”是指一个或多个，即1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9或更多个所提及的物体。
此处所用的“层压品”是指两层或更多层，优选至少一层热塑性聚合物材料层和至少一层无纺织物或纺织物层的层压品，所述两层或多层是通过本发明工艺且不使用层压粘合剂的情况下粘合在一起。
此处所用的和数值相关的“约”是指数值±10％，优选±5％。因此，“约90°”对应于90°±9°，优选90°±4.5°。
本发明的要旨是提供一种在不使用粘合剂的情况下将两个基材优选连续粘合的工艺，其中包含热塑性聚合物材料表面的第一基材在进料方向上被传输，并用激光束形式的电磁辐射加热，以实现热塑性聚合物材料表面的软化状态，然后将第一基材的软化侧粘合到第二基材上，所述第一基材优选是热塑性聚合物膜，第二基材优选是无纺织物或纺织物。该工艺可以省略粘合剂，因为通过加热热塑性聚合物材料表面产生粘合性，并且由于使用激光束加热表面，在加热期间或之后以及在层压之前不需要冷却第一基材。因此，此处所描述的工艺，就简易性和成本效益而言，比现有的工艺有优势，因为需要足够设备进行主动冷却的需求被省略了，而且层压设备热暴露被最小化。
此处使用的“不使用粘合剂”是指以下事实：在层压之前或期间没有将单独的粘合剂组合物施涂到待粘合的基材之一或两者上，而是仅通过各基材材料的性质，具体而言通过加热并因此软化或熔化第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面，而将第一基材和第二基材粘合。
在要求保护的本发明的各个实施方案中，所述工艺不包括在用激光束照射期间或之后冷却第一基材的步骤。此处使用的“冷却”涉及通过冷却装置主动冷却第一基材，冷却装置通常具有低于环境温度的温度。
用于本发明的工艺的第一基材可以选自多种不同的热塑性聚合物材料，这包括，但不限于：聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯(LDPE、LLDPE、茂金属催化的PE、HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP、CPP、OPP)和聚苯乙烯(PS)；苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯嵌段共聚物(SEP)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEPS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(ABS)；异戊二烯橡胶(IR)；聚氯乙烯(PVC)；乙烯共聚物，例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物，包括乙烯丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMMA)、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)；聚酯；聚乳酸(PLA)；聚酰胺及其混合物。作为第一基材，优选柔性片材，例如由上述热塑性聚合物材料制成的热塑性聚合物膜。上述聚合物材料，特别是柔性片材，例如由上述热塑性聚合物材料制成的热塑性聚合物膜，也可以被改性。例如，可以用官能团改性塑料表面，或者也可以在膜中包含其它组分，例如颜料和/或染料。
第一基材也可以是复合基材，只要复合基材待粘合的表面涂覆有如上定义的热塑性聚合物材料。在各种实施方案中，第一基材选自有色或无色透明膜，例如包装膜、装饰膜、胶带或类似膜。第一基材因此可以由如上定义的热塑性材料构成，或者可以包含由这种热塑性聚合物材料制成的表面。
根据本发明使用的热塑性聚合物材料优选具有200℃以下，更优选150℃以下的软化温度。软化温度(或软化)可以根据DIN EN ISO 11357-3利用DSC在10K/min的加热速率下测定，并且优选是由此确定的熔融峰值温度Tpm。因此这里使用的“软化状态”指材料被加热到其软化点以上时所处于的状态。软化的状态可以包括熔融状态。
可以对基材表面进行预处理。可以对塑性表面进行清洁，并且可以在粘合之前任选进行物理、化学或电化学预处理。
适合作为所述至少一个第一基材的基材也可以用作所述至少一个第二基材。这样可以通过根据本发明的工艺获得膜/膜层压品。
在一个优选的实施方案中，第二基材是无纺织物或纺织物，优选由聚合物制成的合成织物。合适的无纺织物包括，但不限于，由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯，例如聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚酰胺等制成的无纺织物。合适的无纺织物还包括基于两种不同纤维材料的双组分无纺织物。合适的纺织物包括，但不限于，由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯，例如聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚酰胺等制成的织物。
根据本发明，有必要在基材粘合之前，将第一基材的待粘合表面加热。优选进行的加热使得只有所述表面被加热，从而不会对第一基材的机械性能产生不利影响，或者将不利影响降至最低。根据本发明，使用激光束形式的电磁辐射加热表面。这样可以在有限的表面积上在短时间内获得大量的能量。与使用灯进行加热相对比，第一基材的表面因此没有在较长时间内在大面积上被加热。另外，如果需要的话，激光束可以局部加热热塑性聚合物材料表面并因此仅软化表面上的离散区域。
在本发明的工艺中，将两块基材放在一起用于粘合。由于该工艺优选是连续工艺，所以优选将基材传输到层压装置，例如使得第一基材是移动的膜和/或第二基材是移动的织物。传输可以通过已知的进料装置实现。由于第一基材通常由进料装置传输到层压机，所以它受到拉伸应力。当较大面积的基材被软化时，这些拉伸应力可导致基材变形。使用激光束可以在粘合基材之前短时间内进行有针对性的聚焦加热，从而减少变形。使用激光束的另一个优点是排放到环境中的废热很少。这保护了机器组件并降低能耗。另外，激光器运行效率相对较高，且非常节能。最后，现有的层压设备可以相对容易地改装激光单元。
在各种实施方案中，所使用的电磁辐射是波长为1-12微米(μm)的红外(IR)辐射。由于原子或原子团的振动的频率和波数在此范围内，所以红外辐射在振动激发下被特别好地吸收。这导致被照射的基材高效和快速地升温。波长优选为5-10微米，特别是9-10微米，因为在该范围中有聚合物中经常出现的原子团，例如OH、NH、CH、C＝O、C＝C的振动频率。典型的热塑性材料吸收这个波长范围内的IR辐射。有许多类型的激光器发射波长为1-12μm的红外辐射。这些包括例如气体激光器例如一氧化碳和二氧化碳激光器(CO2激光器)，以及固态激光器例如Nd:YAG、Nd,Cr:YAG、Er:YAG、Nd:YLF、Nd:YVO4、Nd:玻璃、Tm:YAG、Yb:YAG、Ho:Yag和Cr:ZnSe激光器。特别优选二氧化碳激光器。CO2激光器的工作波长为9.4μm和10.6μm。使用二氧化碳激光器有几个优点：二氧化碳激光器可以连续运行。它们的效率非常高，也就是非常节能。辐射的功率也可以从几毫瓦(mW)到几百千瓦(kW)。而且，CO2激光器相对便宜且易于使用。
激光器的功率优选为1-25kW，更优选1-10kW。如果激光功率太高，则存在损坏基材的风险，如果功率太低，则基材表面未被充分加热。
在一个特定的实施方案中，激光器连续运行(CW模式)。在另一个实施方案中，它以脉冲模式运行，脉冲频率很高，几乎相当于CW模式。连续的或准连续的运行可以使得第一基材的表面的每个点都被加热并且因此实现均匀的粘合。
低脉冲激光导致表面照射不均匀，从而不能保证均匀的软化。这可能造成层压品的缺陷。然而，在仅需要表面局部软化的某些情况下，可以使用脉冲激光，甚至可能是有优势的。
在本发明工艺的各种实施方案中，在将第一基材粘合到第二基材之前，激光束相对于第一基材的进料方向成一定角度被导向到热塑性聚合物材料表面上。此处使用的“进料方向”是指在入射激光束的位置处第一基材的移动方向。在图1中，进料方向6对应于传输方向。相对于进料方向成一定角度被导向意味着引导激光束使得其在膜表面上的投影相对于表面在投影移动方向上移动，其中激光束投影的移动方向相对于进料方向至少暂时成一定角度。因此，激光束可以不受限制地在与进料方向基本垂直(正交)的投影路径上在基材表面上被导向。这意味着激光束在表面上的投影至少暂时在不同于进料方向的方向上移动。
由于激光束的成角度导向，可以在基材粘合之前直接加热基材。与二维辐射，例如使用红外灯产生的辐射相比，这具有几个优点。一方面它可以显著缩短加热和粘合之间的时间。照射和粘合之间不希望发生的基材的冷却因此减少。结果，消耗更少的能量来补偿这种热损失。这使得该工艺更节能，并减少了不希望的热释放到周围环境。而且，第一基材不是如例如使用IR灯时那样整个表面被软化。这增加了基材的尺寸稳定性，并且不会像在大面积的基材因进料装置承受拉伸应力被软化的情况下观察到的那样，产生变形。换句话说，如果快速完成加热并且在粘合之前只有待粘合表面的小区域被直接加热，则是有利的。因此，可以确保第一基材的机械性能受到的损害很小，或在理想状况不受损害。
在所述工艺的各种实施方案中，在加热之后，将两个基材放在一起并立即粘合，使得第一基材的表面在加热之后不能显著冷却。在各种实施方案中，第一基材的加热区域与第二基材在加热之后小于1秒，优选小于0.1秒，更优选小于0.01秒内放到一起。
表面可被加热至优选近似于第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料的软化温度的温度。然而，本领域技术人员已知的是热塑性聚合物材料可以在软化温度附近的温度区间内处于软化状态。因此，第一基材的表面优选被加热到对应于热塑性聚合物材料的软化温度±40℃，优选±20℃的温度。在这些温度下，基材的表面是柔软的，并且任选在压力下是可变形或可流动的。
可以使用传统的装置在层压步骤中连接和粘合基材。例如，可以使用印模、辊或板来连接基材，特别是通过将基材相对于彼此按压或辊压。通过辊压粘合的过程中基材上的压力可以例如为0.2-15巴。通常，合适的层压装置是本领域已知的和可用的。因此，在该工艺的各种实施方案中，例如可以通过压力支撑第一基材的软化侧与第二基材的结合。该压力可以例如由辊施加并且可以为约0.2-约16巴。在本发明工艺的各种实施方案中，可以在不使用任何粘合剂的情况下实现基材的全表面粘合。在本发明工艺的其它实施方案中，基材在没有任何粘合剂的情况下以可具有任何合适形状的图案结合，典型实施方案包括线或虚线或点状图案。
已经发现如果基材以大于10m/min，特别是大于100m/min的速率移动，任选通过辊传送，本发明的工艺是特别有利的。在进一步优选的实施方案中，两个基材都通过如上所述的辊进行层压，其中导向激光束投影使其接近辊隙，优选在辊隙前面小于10cm，更优选小于1cm的位置处。一般而言，有利的是，激光束的投影在两个基材彼此接触的位置，优选辊压机的辊隙之前小于10cm，优选小于1cm的位置处照射在待粘合的热塑性聚合物材料表面上。
特别有利的是激光束在待粘合的热塑性聚合物材料表面上的投影区域的宽度为0.1-20mm，优选为1-10mm。由于速度高，激光束和辊隙的距离短以及激光束投影区域的宽度小，加热和粘合之间的时间间隔显著缩短。如上所述，照射和粘合之间的时间间隔的减少导致能量效率提高，并且所得到的复合体表现出小得多的不希望的变形。
在本发明的各种实施方案中，激光束通过可围绕旋转轴转动的多角镜引导或偏转到热塑性聚合物材料表面。这可以在任选的利用聚焦装置对激光束的聚焦步骤之前和/或之后进行。
在各种实施方案中，以线形图案在第一基材表面上导向激光束。使用多角镜使得激光束可以在基材表面上非常快速地移动。可旋转安装的多角镜的旋转速度通常根据具体的进料速度、光束直径、线间距以及多角镜与基材表面之间的距离来选择。在一个实施方案中，已经发现如果可旋转安装的多角镜围绕所述旋转轴以大于300转/分，特别是大于1000转/分钟的速度旋转，则是特别有利的。
此外，连续地粘合两个基材是有利的，由此在基材表面上导向激光束，使得其速度与进料速度匹配，从而激光束照射与在粘合步骤中待粘合的第一基材的表面上随后每一个点的粘合之间的时间间隔都基本相等。这确保了在粘合步骤中，对于待粘合表面的每个点，温度和因此的软化都基本相同。因此已经发现在第一基材上基本上以线性图案和/或基本上垂直于进料方向导向激光束是有利的。激光束产生的光斑沿着投影移动方向在基材表面上的运动产生投影线，其投影宽度由激光束的横截面确定。通过适当选择投影速度、进料速度和投影宽度，可以确保第二基材在与进料方向正交的线上的所有点处具有相同的温度。
此外，在各种实施方案中，激光束的导向使得激光束的入射方向的矢量和进料方向的矢量形成小于120°，优选小于90°，更优选地小于60°的角度。因此，第一基材的表面在与第二基材粘合之前可被照射得尽可能的短。
在各种实施方案中，可引导激光束通过用以图案化热塑性聚合物材料表面的光掩模。该图案化导致仅在预定区域中对表面进行加热和软化，使得与第二基材的粘合仅发生在局部，而不是在第一基材的整个区域上。光掩模可以具有梳子或筛的形状，并且可以直接布置在层压装置之前。对于不需要两个基材在其整个表面上完全粘合的应用而言，优选这样的实施方案。图案化可以具有任何合适的形状，典型的实施方案包括线或虚线或斑点状图案。图5-图8以非限制性实施例的方式描绘了这样的实施方案的示意图。
本发明还涉及根据所述工艺可获得的层压品及其用于各种应用的用途，包括但不限于包装应用和卫生产品，包括尿布和卫生巾。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于实施根据本发明的工艺的设备，特别是用于连续地将优选为片状的第一基材与第二基材粘合的设备，其中所述基材如上文所定义。所述设备包括至少一个传输装置，所述传输装置用以沿进料方向传送所述至少一个第一基材，所述至少一个第二基材或两者；激光器，所述激光器用于产生激光束并照射热塑性聚合物材料的表面，使得热塑性聚合物材料的表面至少局部被加热到呈软化状态的温度；以及层压装置，所述层压装置用于将具有软化的热塑性聚合物材料表面的第一基材层压到第二基材上。所述激光器可以被布置成使激光束可以被导向使得其在热塑性聚合物材料表面上的投影可以在投影移动方向上相对于所述表面移动，其中所述投影移动方向相对于进料方向至少暂时成一定角度。这使得在层压步骤之前第一基材在进料方向上移动期间可以加热聚合物表面。层压装置可以包括层压压机，所述层压压机包括辊或板或类似装置以在压力下粘合两个基材。
关于激光器的布置，待粘合的基材以及各个方面，可以参考上面与发明工艺相关的描述，其也类似的适用于这些装置。
传输装置可以是任何合适的能够使第一基材沿进料方向移动的进料装置。这种进料装置对于本领域技术人员是已知的。如本文所使用的，进料方向通常是指在入射激光束的位置处第一基材的移动方向。进料装置优选设计成使得其能够沿着进料方向连续地供给第一基材。此外，可以为第二基材提供另外的进料装置，其优选也可以连续进料。在这种情况下，两个进料装置优选被联接，或者通过控制系统，尤其是通过控制单元相连接，使得保证两个基材的均匀进料。在一个实施方案中，基材的进料也可以通过层压装置实现，在这种情况下，所述层压装置优选设计为能够连续进料基材的辊或圆柱状单元。在各种实施方案中，供给装置可以实现10m/min或更大，尤其是100m/min或更大的传送速度。
激光器可以是任何合适的激光器，例如上面与本发明的工艺描述相关的那些激光器。在各种实施方案中，激光单元还包括用于聚焦和导向激光束的装置，所有这些都是本领域技术人员已知的，并且包括上述多角镜。激光单元优选被设计成可以以上述关于本发明的工艺描述的方式在热塑性聚合物材料表面上导向激光束。
在优选的实施方案中，激光单元因此包括光束导向单元或光束控制单元，其使激光束偏转并且适于在第一基材的表面上导向激光束。因此，光束导向单元如上所述用于主动移动投影。光束控制单元可以直接连接到激光单元，并且还可以如上所述还包括用于聚焦激光束的一个或多个聚焦装置。或者也可以配置与激光器本身和/或光束导向单元完全分开的单独的聚焦装置。光束导向单元可以被设计用于投影在空间维度上的移动，例如如上所述的线性运动，并且因此可以是电流计驱动器、优选连续旋转的反射镜或优选连续旋转的棱镜。后者也被称为多角镜。此外，投影的二维移动也是可能的，因此可以使用两个反射镜，每个反射镜可以在两个方向上偏转。或者，也可以使用两个正交可旋转且位置相邻的反射镜反射激光束。
在优选的实施方案中，用于使激光束偏转的可旋转安装的多角镜被用于在第一基材的表面上导向激光束，从而在表面上移动激光束的投影。这使得特别容易实现投影在表面上的上述优选线性移动。
优选地，激光束被导向或偏转，使得投影在整个表面上线性地移动。还特别优选投影的移动基本垂直于进料方向的实施方案。此处所用的“基本垂直”是指相对于进料方向成90°±15°的角度。在各种实施方案中，所述激光束投影矢量在表面上的优选线性移动相对于进料方向的矢量成一定角度，选择所述角度使得特别是当到达层压装置，优选两个层压辊的间隙时，在由激光束沿着与进料方向垂直的线照射的表面上的所有区域都处于基本上相同的温度。
如上所述，层压装置可以是用于连接和粘合的任何已知的常规装置。例如，可以使用印模、辊和/或板来连接基材，特别是通过将基材彼此按压或辊压。在通过辊压结合期间显示的基材上的压力可以为例如0.2-15巴。在各种实施方案中，层压机是包括至少两个辊的辊式层压机，其中两个辊分别传输第一基材和第二基材，然后通过在辊隙中施加压力来粘合两个基材。这种层压装置通常为本领域技术人员所知。在使用这种辊时，优选将它们设计成使得基材以10m/min或更大，特别是100m/min或更大的速率传输。
作为例子，将参考附图对根据本发明的设备进行描述，利用该设备可以实施本发明的工艺。
图1是根据本发明的设备的示意图。
图2是图1的设备通过截面线A-A的截面图快照。
图3是在时间段t1结束之后图2的截面图。
图4是在时间段t2结束之后图2的截面图。
图5是根据本发明的设备的示意图。
图6是图5的设备通过截面线A-A的截面图快照。
图7是在时间段t1结束之后图6的截面图。
图8是在时间段t2结束之后图6的截面图。
图1展示了本发明的设备1的示意图，该设备用于连续地将例如无纺织物或纺织物的形式的第二基材2与例如由热塑性聚合物材料制成的第一片状基材4粘合。在这种情况下，第二片状基材2在供给辊3上并且通过包含驱动器和多个偏转和/或导向辊的未作进一步描述的进料装置供料。第二基材2朝向用于将第二基材2的一侧按压到第一基材4上的压力单元7传输。
在这种情况下，第一基材4位于供给辊5上，并且也用进料装置利用未详细描述的方法沿着压力单元7的进料方向6供给。在即将到达压力单元7之前，通过从激光单元10发射的波长为9-10微米的激光束11加热将要与第二基材2接触的第一基材4的表面。所示的激光器单元10包括例如功率为500W-1500W的CO2激光器。另外，CO2激光器连续地或近乎连续地运行。为了在第一基材4的表面上导向激光束11，设置了偏转单元12，该偏转单元12特别包括可旋转安装的多角镜13。多角镜13具有伺服马达形式的驱动器，以期望的旋转速度驱动多角镜13。另外，偏转单元可以包括未示出的聚焦装置。特别是偏转单元12与可旋转安装的多角镜13结合提供了一种方式偏转激光束11并将其在第一基材4的表面上导向，使得其投影在第一基材4的表面上相对于该表面沿着投影移动方向移动，以允许加热第一基材4并将其转化为软化状态。偏转单元12被设计成至少暂时在第一基材4的表面上导向激光束11，使得投影移动方向与进料方向成一定角度，以允许在其沿着进料方向移动期间加热表面区域。为了获得第一基材4表面的期望温度，还提供了温度传感器16，其测定在即将到达压力单元7之前上表面的温度。此外，提供光束收集器14以便以受控的方式阻挡透过第一基材4的激光辐射。为了控制设备1，两个进料装置、激光单元10、偏转单元12和温度传感器16都连接到控制单元15。该控制单元可以使基材2,4的进料速率和激光束11的速度在第一基材4的表面上彼此匹配，从而将第一基材4的表面加热到期望的温度。
随后，第一基材4的软化表面在压力单元7中与第二基材2接触。为了压制，两个基材2,4都被供给到压力单元7，其中压辊8和相应的床辊9一起挤压基材2,4。
图2示出了图1的设备通过截面线A-A的截面图，其中切面延伸通过压辊8，并且截面区域平行于第一基材4的表面。在此以快照图像的方式展示了设备1用于说明通过激光单元10和偏转单元12对第一基材4的照射。激光束11以投影19照射到第一基材4的表面上，其中能量输入导致表面被加热。为了进一步加热表面，激光束11通过偏转单元12被偏转，使得其投影19沿着投影移动方向17在表面上移动。这种相对于表面的主动投影移动独立于基材沿着进料方向6的移动。在所示的实施方案中，投影移动方向17基本上与进料方向6垂直。
图3示出了在时间段t1之后图2的截面图，在该时间段t1期间激光束11已经在第一基材4上被导向使得图2所示的投影19已经沿着上述主动投影移动方向相对于表面从基材4的第一侧边缘移动到对面的第二侧边缘。此外，即使投影移动方向17基本上垂直于进料方向6，第一基材4在照射期间已经沿着进料方向6移动，使得平行四边形形式的投影线在表面上延伸。因此第一基材4在进料方向6上的移动导致表面上的被动投影移动。通过上述聚焦装置，投影线21的宽度被设定为约8mm的投影宽度20。
图4示出了时间段t2结束之后图2的截面图，t2对应于图3的时间段t1的数倍，其中，如上所述，激光束11已经在第一基材4上被导向使得图2中所示的投影19已经通过上述主动投影移动而相对于表面从基材4的第一侧边缘移动到对位的第二侧边缘。通过使用可旋转安装的多角镜13，到达基材4的第二侧边缘之后激光束11再次偏转到基材4的第一侧边缘上的起始点，并再次从那里在表面上导向。此处投影移动方向17也基本与进料方向6垂直。这里，选择投影宽度20，到达基材4的第一侧的两个相邻点之间的时间，以及第一基材4沿进料方向6的移动速度，使得在表面上没有点被照射两次，其中在时间段t2中由投影17在表面上移动产生的投影线21、21'、21“和21”'在基材4的表面上表现为相邻的平行四边形。进一步选择所述参数，使得在由激光束11照射之后的第一基材在与进料方向垂直的线上的所有照射点上都具有相同的温度。
图5展示了类似于图1的本发明的设备1的示意图。不同之处在于存在梳状的光掩模22，其阻挡住部分的入射激光束11以使激光束在基材表面上的投影点更靠近压力单元7，此处描绘的激光束11的角度与图1所示的不同。尽管可能存在，但图5中未示出光束收集器14。
图6展示了图5的设备通过截面线A-A的截面图，其切面延伸穿过压辊8，并且截面区域平行于第一基材4的表面。在此以快照图像的方式展示了设备1用于说明激光单元10和偏转单元12透过光掩模对第一基材4的照射。激光束11以投影19照射到第一基材4的表面上，其中能量输入导致表面被加热。为了进一步加热表面，激光束11借助于偏转单元12被偏转，使得其投影19沿着投影移动方向17在表面上移动。这种相对于表面的主动投影移动独立于基材沿着进料方向6的移动。在所示的实施方案中，投影移动方向17基本上与进料方向6垂直。
图7示出了在时间段t1之后的图6的截面图，在该时间段t1内激光束11已经在第一基材4上被导向使得图6所示的投影19已经沿着上述主动投影移动方向相对于表面从基材4的第一侧边缘移动到对面的第二侧边缘。此外，第一基材4在照射期间已经沿着进料方向6移动，从而形成了由以短平行线形式存在的照射并加热的区域和未被照射的区域的交替平行区域构成的平行四边形形状的假想投影线。
图8示出了时间段t2结束之后的图7的截面图，t2对应于图3的时间段t1的数倍，其中，如上所述，激光束11已经在第一基材4上被导向使得图6中所示的投影19已经通过上述主动投影移动而相对于表面从基材4的第一侧边缘移动到对位的第二侧边缘。通过使用可旋转安装的多角镜13，到达基材4的第二侧边缘之后的激光束11再次偏转到基材4的第一侧边缘上的起始点，并再次从那里在表面上被导向。此处投影移动方向17也基本与投影方向6垂直。这里，选择投影宽度20，到达基材4的第一侧上的两个相邻点之间的时间，以及第一基材4沿进料方向6的移动速度，使得在表面上没有点被照射两次，其中在时间段t2中由投影17在表面上移动产生的投影线21、21'、21“和21”在基材4的表面上表现为相邻的平行四边形。再次，每个平行四边形由以平行线性区域形式存在的照射和未被照射(被光掩模22阻挡)的交替区域组成。进一步选择所述参数，使得在被激光束11照射之后的第一基材在与进料方向垂直的线上的所有照射点上具有相同的温度。
参考标志列表
1设备
2第二基材
3供给辊
4第一基材
5供给辊
6进料方向
7压力单元
8压辊
9床辊
10激光单元
11激光束
12偏转单元
13多角镜
14光束收集器
15控制单元
16温度传感器
17投影移动方向
18角度
19投影
20投影宽度
21投影线
22光掩模(梳子)
本文关于本发明的工艺所公开的所有实施方案类似地适用于本文所述的设备，反之亦然。

Claims (15)

1.一种工艺，其是用于在不使用粘合剂的情况下将至少一个包含热塑性聚合物材料表面的第一基材粘合到至少一个第二基材上以形成层压品，所述工艺优选是连续工艺，该工艺包括：
(a)用激光束形式的电磁辐射照射所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面，使得所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面至少局部加热到软化状态；以及，
(b)将所述第一基材的经激光照射的软化的热塑性聚合物材料表面层压到所述第二基材上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其中所述工艺不包括在用激光束照射期间或之后冷却所述第一基材。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的工艺，其中所述第一基材是热塑性聚合物膜。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述第二基材是无纺织物或纺织物。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述激光束通过可围绕旋转轴旋转的多角镜指向所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的工艺，其中，所述激光束任选在通过多角镜指向之前或之后被聚焦。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述工艺是连续工艺，并且所述第一基材和第二基材沿进料方向传输，并且其中激光束在所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面上以线性图案和/或基本上垂直于所述第一基材的移动方向被导向。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中，所述激光束通过光掩模被导向用以图案化所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述激光束投影在两个基材彼此接触的位置之前，优选辊压机或辊隙之前小于10cm，优选小于1cm处照射在所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面上。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述激光束在所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面上被导向，并且与所述第一基材的移动速度匹配，使得对于热塑性聚合物材料表面上的每个点，照射与层压之间的时间都基本相同。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述激光器：
(a)在1-12μm，优选5-10μm，更优选9-10μm的波长下运行；
(b)是二氧化碳激光器；和/或
(c)以相对于所述第一基材的进料方向至多约90°，优选约90°的角度被偏转到所述第一基材的热塑性聚合物材料表面上。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中所述热塑性聚合物材料是聚烯烃，优选聚乙烯。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工艺，其中步骤(b)是通过使用辊式层压机或辊隙站来实施的。
14.用于将至少一个第一基材优选以连续工艺层压到至少一个第二基材上的设备，其中所述至少一个第一基材包含热塑性聚合物材料表面，所述至少一个第一基材优选为热塑性聚合物膜，其中所述至少一个第二基材优选为无纺织物或纺织物，所述设备包括：
(a)至少一个传送装置，其用于在进料方向上传送所述至少一个第一基材、所述至少一个第二基材或两者；
(b)激光器，其用于产生激光束并照射所述热塑性聚合物材料表面，使得该热塑性聚合物材料表面至少局部被加热到软化状态，其中所述激光束被导向使得其在热塑性聚合物材料表面上的投影相对于所述表面沿投影移动方向移动，其中所述投影移动方向相对于进料方向至少暂时成一定角度，以允许在层压步骤之前在所述第一基材沿进料方向移动期间加热所述热塑性聚合物材料表面，其中所述激光器优选发射波长为1-12μm，更优选5-10μm，甚至更优选9-10μm的红外辐射，其中所述激光器任选是CO2激光器；
(c)层压单元，其用于将所述至少一个第一基材以该第一基材的软化的热塑性聚合物材料表面侧层压到所述至少一个第二基材上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述设备还包括：
(a)激光束偏转单元，其用于偏转激光束并将其在热塑性聚合物材料表面上导向，其中所述激光束偏转单元优选包括多角镜；
(b)激光束聚焦装置，其用于聚焦激光束；和/或
(c)光掩模，其用于图案化所述热塑性聚合物材料表面。
CN201680030665.4A 2015-05-29 2016-05-25 制造层压品的工艺和设备 Pending CN107690385A (zh)

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RU2017141235A3 (zh) 2019-07-25
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TW201704031A (zh) 2017-02-01
AR104785A1 (es) 2017-08-16
WO2016193076A1 (en) 2016-12-08
KR20180013935A (ko) 2018-02-07
US20180079142A1 (en) 2018-03-22
JP2018517588A (ja) 2018-07-05

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