CN107686567A - 一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107686567A
CN107686567A CN201710857093.3A CN201710857093A CN107686567A CN 107686567 A CN107686567 A CN 107686567A CN 201710857093 A CN201710857093 A CN 201710857093A CN 107686567 A CN107686567 A CN 107686567A
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starch
cellulose acetate
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程文喜
苗蔚
林浩伟
郑红娟
夏绍灵
彭进
宋伟强
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Henan University of Technology
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    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
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Abstract

一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：将淀粉、增塑剂、醋酯纤维素、催化剂、填充剂在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为淀粉100份，增塑剂0~40份，醋酯纤维素5~100份，催化剂0.5~10份，填充剂0~200份，该混合物在150~220℃下挤出成型，从而得到淀粉泡沫塑料。在熔融挤出过程中，醋酯纤维素的酯基在催化剂的作用下分解出乙酸并气化，从而使得淀粉塑料发泡，泡沫塑料的泡孔均匀性好。

Description

一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料制备领域，具体说是涉及一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法，属于可再生生物质资源的高附加值利用。
背景技术
泡沫塑料密度小、体积大、不便于集中和运输，而且本身化学性质稳定，具有耐老化、抗腐蚀等特点，日益增长的泡沫塑料垃圾对生态系统的威胁越来越大引起了严重的“白色污染”，世界上许多国家均已立法禁止生产难降解的泡沫塑料产品。近年来我国泡沫塑料产量每年以约10%的速度增加。淀粉是一种来源广泛、价格低廉、可完全生物降解的丰富的可再生资源，具有良好的发泡性能。淀粉在泡沫材料中的应用将会在很大程度上减轻目前泡沫材料工业面临的巨大的环境压力。
专利CN201510237554.8公开了一种全降解泡沫塑料的制备方法，它由下述原料制成：植物纤维、淀粉、聚乙烯醇、纳米二氧化硅、植物纤维表面改性剂、淀粉复合塑化剂和水，将植物纤维加入植物纤维表面改性剂进行改性处理；将淀粉加水加热糊化后再加入淀粉复合塑化剂进行塑化处理；将表面改性的植物纤维、塑化后的淀粉、聚乙烯醇和纳米二氧化硅充分搅拌均匀，制得均相体浆料，进一步水蒸气发泡、热压成型得到全降解泡沫塑料。
发明内容
本发明的目的正是针对上述现有技术中所存在的不足之处而提供一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法，能够解决提高泡沫塑料的泡孔均匀性。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将淀粉、增塑剂、醋酯纤维素、催化剂、填充剂在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为淀粉100份，增塑剂0~40份，醋酯纤维素5~100份，催化剂0.5~10份，填充剂0~200份，该混合物在150~220℃下挤出成型，从而得到淀粉泡沫塑料。
本发明所用的淀粉为玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、土豆淀粉、马铃薯淀粉中的任意一种或几种。
本发明所用的增塑剂为甘油、葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇、甲酰胺、山梨醇中的任意一种或几种。
本发明所用的催化剂为马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钙中的任意一种或几种。
本发明所用的填充剂为碳酸钙、黏土、膨润土、滑石粉、白炭黑、蒙脱土、木质素、竹纤维中的任意一种或几种。
本发明的有益效果如下：
所用原料安全无毒，全降解；
发泡剂为醋酯纤维素，发泡后残留物为高分子，发泡气体为乙酸气体，不同于以往的发泡气体；
醋酯纤维素与淀粉的相容性好，在淀粉塑料中分散均匀，因此醋酯纤维素在催化剂作用下释放出的乙酸气体位置分布均匀，从而在淀粉塑料中生成均匀的气孔，即淀粉泡沫塑料的气孔分散均匀。
具体实施方式
本发明以下将结合实施例作进一步详述。有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1. 将玉米淀粉、甘油、醋酯纤维素、马来酸酐在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为玉米淀粉100份，甘油40份，醋酯纤维素20份，马来酸酐1份，该混合物在150℃下挤出成型，从而得到耐水性好，气孔均匀的淀粉泡沫塑料，膨胀率达到20.1%。
实施例2. 将土豆淀粉、甲酰胺、醋酯纤维素、马来酸酐在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为土豆淀粉100份，甲酰胺35份，醋酯纤维素20份，马来酸酐1份，该混合物在160℃下挤出成型，从而得到耐水性好，气孔均匀的淀粉泡沫塑料，膨胀率达到21.3%。
实施例3. 将小麦淀粉、甘油、醋酯纤维素、碳酸钠和木质素在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为小麦淀粉100份，甘油35份，醋酯纤维素50份，碳酸钠1份，木质素60份，该混合物在140℃下挤出成型，从而得到耐水性好，气孔均匀的淀粉泡沫塑料，膨胀率达到26.4%。
将玉米淀粉、甘油、醋酯纤维素、醋酸钙和滑石粉在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为玉米淀粉100份，甘油40份，醋酯纤维素50份，醋酸钙3份，滑石粉80份，该混合物在160℃下挤出成型，从而得到耐水性好，气孔均匀的淀粉泡沫塑料，膨胀率达到29.2%。

Claims (5)

1.一种淀粉泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括下述步骤：
将淀粉、增塑剂、醋酯纤维素、催化剂、填充剂在高速混合机中混合均匀，所述各物的加入量为淀粉100份，增塑剂0~40份，醋酯纤维素5~100份，催化剂0.5~10份，填充剂0~200份，该混合物在150~220℃下挤出成型，从而得到淀粉泡沫塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所用的淀粉为玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、土豆淀粉、马铃薯淀粉中的任意一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所用的增塑剂为甘油、葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇、甲酰胺、山梨醇中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所用的催化剂为马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钙中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所用的填充剂为碳酸钙、黏土、膨润土、滑石粉、白炭黑、蒙脱土、木质素、竹纤维中的任意一种或几种。
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CN109912989A (zh) * 2019-03-23 2019-06-21 东莞市军强塑胶有限公司 一种可分解的环保材料
CN110330694A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-15 湖南工业大学 一种冷冻发泡法及其制备的淀粉基复合发泡材料
CN115746575A (zh) * 2021-09-02 2023-03-07 广州至简通用设备制造有限公司 一种代替糊化聚合用木薯淀粉的材料及其制备方法
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WO2023059844A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Eastman Chemical Company Melt processable cellulose ester compositions comprising amorphous biofiller

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109912989A (zh) * 2019-03-23 2019-06-21 东莞市军强塑胶有限公司 一种可分解的环保材料
CN110330694A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2019-10-15 湖南工业大学 一种冷冻发泡法及其制备的淀粉基复合发泡材料
CN110330694B (zh) * 2019-05-16 2021-08-13 湖南工业大学 一种冷冻发泡法及其制备的淀粉基复合发泡材料
CN115746575A (zh) * 2021-09-02 2023-03-07 广州至简通用设备制造有限公司 一种代替糊化聚合用木薯淀粉的材料及其制备方法
WO2023059849A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Eastman Chemical Company Process for making melt processable cellulose ester compositions comprising amorphous biofiller
WO2023059853A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Eastman Chemical Company Articles containing melt processable cellulose ester compositions comprising amorphous biofiller
WO2023059844A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Eastman Chemical Company Melt processable cellulose ester compositions comprising amorphous biofiller

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Application publication date: 20180213