CN107686456A - 一种喹喏酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种喹喏酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107686456A
CN107686456A CN201710610811.7A CN201710610811A CN107686456A CN 107686456 A CN107686456 A CN 107686456A CN 201710610811 A CN201710610811 A CN 201710610811A CN 107686456 A CN107686456 A CN 107686456A
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章鹏飞
沈超
李小玲
徐骏
沈佳斌
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Hangzhou Normal University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种喹喏酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物及其制备方法和应用,将取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯与甲酰胺衍生物在碱性条件下反应得喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,通过对喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物进行改造和创新,合成了一系列具有新颖结构特征和较高活性的新化合物。本发明的有益效果主要体现在:1)、反应简单,原子利用率高;2)、工艺合理、操作安全、三废排放量少、收率高;3)、对于二取代的甲酰胺衍生物都可以制备得到N上二取代的乙酯胺化物,有助于提高胺化物的稳定性和纯度;4)、避免了使用氢化钠或金属钠等致癌、易燃易爆的原料降低了成本,改善了生产环境。

Description

一种喹喏酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌药中间体的制备,尤其是涉及一种喹喏酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
为积极应对细菌耐药带来的挑战,提高抗菌药物科学管理水平,遏制细菌耐药发展与蔓延,维护人民群众身体健康,促进经济社会协调发展,国家卫生计生委等14部门联合制定了《遏制细菌耐药国家行动计划(2016-2020年)》,细菌感染严重地威胁着人类的生命,如由创伤弧菌感染导致的死亡率超过50%!2016年,抗菌药研发上升至“国家行动”。
喹诺酮类抗菌药是临床使用最广泛的抗感染药之一,广泛用于治疗各种感染,对敏感菌所致感染的治愈率的提高、危重感染病死率的降低起了重要作用。由于喹诺酮类药物具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、给药方便、不良反应小、与其他抗生素无交叉耐药性等优点而成为临床联合用药的首选,用量已超过头孢类抗生素,成为第一大抗菌用药。随着喹诺酮类抗菌药物的广泛使用,耐药菌日益增多,因此,探索新型喹诺酮类化合物已成为重要的研究方向。进入21世纪以来,杀菌能力更强,抗菌谱更广的喹诺酮类新品种不断涌现,喹诺酮类药物的研发和日益活跃。
喹诺酮主环化合物的合成是制备喹诺酮类原料药及关键中间体的共性技术,也是制约其发展的瓶颈,科学界一直未停止过对步骤短、三废排放少的喹诺酮主环的合成新方法研究的努力,其中高纯乙酯胺化物的制备技术是喹诺酮系列原料药清洁生产的关键,现有工艺中乙酯胺化物稳定差,纯度低,环合副产物多,因此存在的成本高,反应要求高,控制较困难,分子竞争难以解决等缺点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足,本发明对喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物进行改造和创新,合成了一系列具有新颖结构特征和较高活性的新化合物;同时本发明还提供了一种工艺合理、操作安全、三废排放量少、收率高的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法及在喹诺酮主环化合物的合成中的应用。
为达到发明目的本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,其结构式如(I)所示:
其中,R1、R2分别选自下列之一:氢、C1~C6的烷基、C5~C6的环烷基、C1~C6的烷基氧基、C1~C6的醇基、C2~C6的醚基、C1~C6的烷基硫基、C1~C6的硫醇基、C2~C6的硫醚基、C1~C6的烷胺基、C1~C6的羧酸基、杂环芳基、杂环芳基亚烷基、苄基、取代苄基、C6~C7芳基、取代芳基;R3、R4分别选自下列之一:C1~C6的烷基、C5~C6的环烷基、杂环芳基、苄基、取代苄基、C6~C7芳基或取代芳基;R5为氢、卤素或硝基;R6为卤素;R7、R8分别选自卤素或C1~C3的烷基。
作为优选,所述R1、R2分别为非氢基团。
作为优选,所述R1为叔丁氧羰基。
一种喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯与结构式如(Ⅲ)所示的甲酰胺衍生物在碱性条件下反应得结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物;
其中碱性缩合反应条件选取是成功制备高纯度目标化合物的关键。
作为优选,所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,具体步骤为:取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ)溶于有机溶剂中,在碱存在下,于30~60℃下搅拌活化0.5~2小时,然后分批加入甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ),进行缩合反应得喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物(Ⅰ),所述取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ)、甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ)、碱的质量比为1:1.0~1.5:1.0~2.0,所述的有机溶剂与取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ)质量比为1~8:1。
本发明所述的关键中间体乙酯胺化物合成的原理如下:
作为优选,碱为无机碱或有机碱,所述无机碱为下列之一:氢氧化钠(NaOH),氢氧化钾(KOH),氢氧化锂(LiOH),碳酸钠(Na2CO3),碳酸钾(K2CO3),碳酸氢纳(NaHCO3),碳酸氢钾(KHCO3),醋酸钾(KOAc),磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4);所述有机碱为下列之一:三乙胺、三乙烯二胺、二氮杂二环(DBU),1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯(DBN),4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),吡啶,N-甲基吗啉,四甲基乙二胺,正丁基锂,六甲基二硅基胺基钾(KHMDS),六甲基二硅烷重氮钠(NaHMDS),二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)。
作为优选,有机溶剂为下列之一或二种以上任意组合:烷基苯、卤代苯、烷基卤代苯、脂环烃、卤代烷、链烃、醇类、酯类、醚类、酮类、极性溶剂,其中所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈。
更为具体的,所述有机溶剂选自:1)烷基苯,特别是每个苯环上有0~3个的1~4个碳原子取代基的烷基苯,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯;2)卤代苯,特别是每个苯环上有1~2个卤原子取代的卤代苯,如氯苯;3)烷基卤代苯,特别是每个苯环上有1~2个的1~4个碳原子取代基和1~2个卤原子取代基的卤代苯;4)脂环烃,特别是有0~2个的1~4个碳原子的、开环的、饱和或不饱和烃取代基的五~七元环,如环己烷;5)卤代烷,如CH2Cl2、CHCl3、CCl4;6)链烃,如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、或者主要成分为戊烷和己烷的石油醚;7)醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、环己醇、丁二醇;8)酯类,如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;9)醚类,如异丙醚、乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF);10)酮类,如丙酮、丁酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮;11)极性溶剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、乙腈等。
作为优选,所述取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ)、甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ)、碱的质量比为1:1:1.2。
作为优选,缩合反应温度为30~90℃。
本发明还提供了一种喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物在喹诺酮主环化合物的合成中的应用。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:1)、反应简单,原子利用率高;2)、工艺合理、操作安全、三废排放量少、收率高;3)、对于二取代的甲酰胺衍生物都可以制备得到N上二取代的乙酯胺化物,有助于提高胺化物的稳定性和纯度;4)、避免了使用氢化钠或金属钠等致癌、易燃易爆的原料降低了成本,改善了生产环境。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明所要保护的范围并不限于此。
实施例1
搅拌下,将27.7g(0.1mol)2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ-1)加到80ml甲苯中,加入10ml三乙胺升温至50℃搅拌半小时,分批加入18.5g(0.1mol)甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ-1),滴加完后50℃保温搅拌反应3h,TLC跟踪反应完全,过滤除固体盐,再加水(50ml×2)洗涤有机相,硫酸镁干燥,浓缩制得化合物(Ⅰ-1)40.9g,收率92.1%,经HPLC测定纯度为98.6%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),7.60(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.03(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.59–2.57(m,1H),1.47(s,9H),1.01(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.81(dd,J=13.3,6.8Hz,2H),0.62(s,2H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ186.47(s),165.22(s),151.45(s),146.64(s),146.21(s),136.75(s),131.25(s),130.55(s),117.89(s),117.71(s),110.98(s),83.08(s),59.92(s),30.44(s),26.98(s),12.91(s),10.20(s)。
实施例2
将溶剂甲苯改为乙腈,其他条件同实施例1,制得化合物(Ⅰ-1)39.16g,收率88.2%,经HPLC测定纯度为99.2%。
实施例3
搅拌下,将27.7g(0.1mol)2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ-1)加到80ml甲苯中,加入10ml三乙胺升温至50℃搅拌半小时,分批加入8.5g(0.1mol)甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ-2),滴加完后50℃保温搅拌反应3h,TLC跟踪反应完全,过滤除固体盐,再加水(50ml×3)洗涤有机相,硫酸镁干燥,浓缩制得化合物(Ⅰ-2)32.8g,收率95.2%,经HPLC测定纯度为99.5%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.35(s,1H),7.61(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.02(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.57–2.59(m,1H),1.03(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.83(dd,J=13.3,6.8Hz,2H),0.62(s,2H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ186.46(s),165.22(s),151.46(s),146.64(s),146.23(s),136.71(s),131.24(s),130.55(s),117.89(s),117.70(s),110.99(s),83.07(s),59.91(s),30.44(s),26.92(s),12.91(s),10.24(s)。
实施例4
将溶剂甲苯改为乙腈,其他条件同实施例1,制得化合物(Ⅰ-2)31.3g,收率91.0%。
实施例5
搅拌下,将27.7g(0.1mol)2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯(Ⅱ-1)加到80ml甲苯中,加入10ml三乙胺升温至50℃搅拌半小时,分批加入17.5g(0.1mol)甲酰胺衍生物(Ⅲ-3),滴加完后50℃保温搅拌反应3h,TLC跟踪反应完全,过滤除固体盐,再加水(50ml×2)洗涤有机相,硫酸镁干燥,浓缩制得化合物(Ⅰ-3)40.4g,收率93.0%,经HPLC测定纯度为98.5%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),7.60(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.45-7.32(m,6H),4.03(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.59–2.57(m,1H),1.47(s,9H),1.01(m,,5H),0.81(dd,J=13.3,6.8Hz,2H),0.62(s,2H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ186.47(s),165.22(s),151.82(s),151.45(s),150.23(s),146.64(s),146.21(s),136.75(s),131.25(s),130.55(s),117.89(s),117.71(s),110.99(s),83.06(s),59.91(s),30.44(s),29.42(s),26.95(s),12.90(s),10.25(s)。
实施例6
乙酯胺化物用于喹诺酮类主环化合物的制备
向反应釜内投入40.4g实施例5制备的乙酯胺化物,100mL甲苯和4g固体酸催化剂,在搅拌下保温反应1小时,继续反应1小时后,在反应液中加入12g片碱和200mL甲苯,搅拌升温至100℃,保温半小时,过滤回收催化剂,加压回收甲苯至干。加适量水,升温至120℃,体系澄清后滴加盐酸调节酸碱度,待晶体析出后,离心、烘干得喹诺酮类主环产物,收率为95.6%,经HPLC测定纯度为99.6%。

Claims (10)

1.一种喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,其结构式如(I)所示:
其中,R1、R2分别选自下列之一:氢、C1~C6的烷基、C5~C6的环烷基、C1~C6的烷基氧基、C1~C6的醇基、C2~C6的醚基、C1~C6的烷基硫基、C1~C6的硫醇基、C2~C6的硫醚基、C1~C6的烷胺基、C1~C6的羧酸基、杂环芳基、杂环芳基亚烷基、苄基、取代苄基、C6~C7芳基、取代芳基;R3、R4分别选自下列之一:C1~C6的烷基、C5~C6的环烷基、杂环芳基、苄基、取代苄基、C6~C7芳基或取代芳基;R5为氢、卤素或硝基;R6为卤素;R7、R8分别选自卤素或C1~C3的烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,起特征在于:所述R1、R2分别为非氢基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,起特征在于:所述R1为叔丁氧羰基。
4.权利要求1所述喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于:结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯与结构式如(Ⅲ)所示的甲酰胺衍生物在碱性条件下反应得结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯溶于有机溶剂中,在碱存在下,于30~60℃下搅拌活化0.5~2小时,然后分批加入甲酰胺衍生物,进行缩合反应得喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物,所述取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯、甲酰胺衍生物、碱的质量比为1:1.0~1.5:1.0~2.0,所述的有机溶剂与取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯质量比为1~8:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于:碱为无机碱或有机碱,所述无机碱为下列之一:氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,氢氧化锂,碳酸钠,碳酸钾,碳酸氢纳,碳酸氢钾,醋酸钾,磷酸二氢钾;所述有机碱为下列之一:三乙胺、三乙烯二胺、二氮杂二环,1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯,4-二甲氨基吡啶,吡啶,N-甲基吗啉,四甲基乙二胺,正丁基锂,六甲基二硅基胺基钾,六甲基二硅烷重氮钠,二异丙基氨基锂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于:有机溶剂为下列之一或二种以上任意组合:烷基苯、卤代苯、烷基卤代苯、脂环烃、卤代烷、链烃、醇类、酯类、醚类、酮类、极性溶剂,其中所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈。
8.根据权利要求5所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述取代苯甲酰乙酸乙酯、甲酰胺衍生物、碱的质量比为1:1:1.2。
9.根据权利要求5所述的喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物的制备方法,其特征在于:缩合反应温度为30~90℃。
10.权利要求1所述喹诺酮关键中间体乙酯胺化物在喹诺酮主环化合物的合成中的应用。
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