CN1076808C - 加压流体罐、特别是液化气体罐 - Google Patents

加压流体罐、特别是液化气体罐 Download PDF

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CN1076808C
CN1076808C CN97180578A CN97180578A CN1076808C CN 1076808 C CN1076808 C CN 1076808C CN 97180578 A CN97180578 A CN 97180578A CN 97180578 A CN97180578 A CN 97180578A CN 1076808 C CN1076808 C CN 1076808C
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pipe fitting
basic pipe
jar
described jar
basic
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CN1240508A (zh
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莱昂内尔·波内特
帕特里克·雅基耶
让－路易斯·夏尔
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/0185—Shape variable with separating membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

一种罐，由平行地连接到至少一个集管(30，32)的例如管件(20)的多个基本管件制成，罐包括阀式封闭机构，相应于其内压力下降，该阀能隔开任一基本管件。

Description

加压流体罐、特别是液化气体罐
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加压流体、特别是一种大于1Ma、通常大于5MPa的高压流体用罐。
特别，但并不是限定的，本发明的应用领域为液化气罐，尤其是汽车用的液化丙烷气体罐。
背景技术
靠近人群或敏感物体，或者处于有限空间内的加压罐会导致安全问题。通常解决方法在于使用大而重的容器。此外，能够适当承受内压的此种容器的最佳形状经常受到安装场所的限制，特别是在汽车中。这将占据车辆内大量有效容积。此外，安全标准规定，装配有此种罐的车辆禁止接近公路隧道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种克服上述缺点的高压流体罐，为此，本发明的罐包括多个平行地连接到至少一集管的基本管件和适于响应其内压力下降以将任一基本管件隔开的封闭机构。
最好是，基本管件由管构成。
本发明的首要优点在于，可很容易地适用于有效空间。承受压力的能力是由每个基本管件的断面和壁厚决定的，而与整体罐的整个形状无关。因此使用不同长度的基本管件或罐的布置为，每排数量不同的多排基本管件，或者将基本管件分组成不同的互联分组件，能将罐体容积分布在有效空间内。这样的选择对于汽车是特另有利的，确保不破坏套罐的有效容积。
此外，由于其积木化设计，罐体制造简单并且成本低。尤其是基本管件的应用，因该基本管件是管的形式，由于是相同的管子，当切割成所需长度时，可用于制造任何形状和任何体积的罐体。
此外，这样的基本管件体现出遏制外压的能力，特别是因基本管件内压力相对下降的情况，而这种能力对于无特殊结构和尺寸的任何复杂形状的容器是所不能具有的。
本发明的基本管件也能够使用各种材料，例如，金属，金属合金，或复合材料。复合材料可以由碳纤维、“Kevlar”(注册商标)或玻璃纤维加强，它们可具有如环氧树脂的树脂基。
此外，尤其是有关壁厚的必要条件要求，对于每个基本管件，要比提供同样容积单体罐的条件宽松，并且与单体罐相比重量可大大地减轻。
本发明罐的另一优点在于安全。由于封闭机构，一个基本管件的损害并不危害整个罐及其容量，这样在泄漏时，对环境的破坏有限。当仅仅一个基本管件损坏，流体缓慢流动并且只少量流体溢出，则使用上的某种限制如禁止接近公路隧道这样的要求不再适用。
最好是，封闭机构为如柔性隔膜形式阀，它安装在与一个集管连接的每个基本管件的各端，根据所述基本管件中压力相对集管中压力的下降，阀关闭基本管件的端部。上述的柔性隔膜可安装在与多个基本管件端部连接的一个集管上，从而为基本管件所公有。
罐带有覆盖至少罐的每个暴露表面的保护屏。
保护屏最好具有一个带套结构，该结构由刚性盖片材和泡沫或蜂窝形式的蜂窝状材料的厚底层制成。例如为复合材料的盖片材能够部分吸收冲击或投射物能量，并能够将并不吸收的能量传送到遍布在罐的较大区域的泡沫材料上，以避免底部结构变形。要被吸收而实际并不损坏整个罐的冲击大小由保护屏的尺寸决定。
附图简介
本发明的罐的其他特点和优点在下面参照附图的非限定的说明中更加显而易见，其中，
图1和2分别示意地示出本发明罐的一个实施例的端视图和侧视图，
图3详细地示出图1和2的罐中基本管件是如何连接到集管上的视图，
图4和5示意地示出图1和2的罐中封闭基本管件的封闭件的剖视图，
图6示出本发明的罐装配有保护其免遭冲击和投射物的保护屏的剖视图，
图7示意地示出本发明罐处于多个部分的一个实施例的视图。
最佳实施例
下面将对制造高压液化气体罐、特别是用于汽车的LPG罐加以说明。本技术领域的普通技术人员应当理解到，所描述的原理可直接应用到加压气体或液体罐的其他应用，例如，在工业场所的包含有毒物质的罐或包含卤素气体的罐。
图1和2示出罐10由与集管30平行地连接的多个基本管件20形成。
多个管件20叠排相互平行地设置，也就是以“捆扎”形式配置。所有管件均具有相同的直径和相同的壁厚。作为例子，这些管件由钢类金属制成，或者由复合材料如碳纤维加强的环氧树脂或“Kevlar”，(注册商标)制成。
每一排管件20的长度和管件数量应选定为以最佳方式占据适于套住罐的如车辆构造下方的容积。在图1和2中，可适用容积的范围为点划链线限定的区域。可直接看到，用基本管件以积木形式组成的罐特别适用于各种形状的罐。
每个管件20两端各与集管30相连。在图示例中，每个集管30为管件形式，给定管件排中的基本管件20全部都连接到所述集管30上。另外的集管32，34在罐两端的每一端相平行地互联集管30。集管32，34与管道36连接，管道36将罐10与使用出口连接，并将罐10与填充入口(未示出)连接。
借助于连接件22，基本管件20的每一端与集管30连接，连接件22拧紧或焊接到基本管件20端部22a上并且拧紧或焊接到集管30的相对端。连接件22的相对端22b插入集管30中一段短距离，从而该端部伸进管内部(见图3，4和5)。
尽管所述的集管是排列在基本管件的每个端部，自然也可以仅仅在管件的一端仅仅提供一排集管，此时另一端被封闭。
此外，取代所使用的、管件自身平行地与集管32，34互联形式的集管30，在罐每端的每个集管组件可由经过管件所有排的波形管构成，或者可以由空心端板构成。此种情况下，端板可由两个隔开的平行壁形成，这两壁以围绕着其壁周缘的气密相联，壁之一上有穿入基本管件连接件的孔。
图4和5示出一个柔性隔膜40，如因断裂或损坏导致碰撞或投射物冲击，使任何基本管件内压力下降时，隔膜40构成封闭基本管件20的封闭机构。
在图示例中，隔膜40为沿着集管30全长延伸的柔性材料带，它的表面垂直于与集管相关排基本管件20的轴线。结果，隔膜40构成一排中所有管件20共享的封闭机构。隔膜40的端部如通过粘合剂或通过机械方式固定到集管30的闭端。
举例来说，柔性隔膜40由纤维加强的合成橡胶构成的复合材料制成。在正常工作中，隔膜40并不变形，并可自由地接近与集管30相连的管件20(图4)。因为隔膜并不将集管30分成两个以密封状态相互隔离的纵长容积，在隔膜的两面保持相同的压力。
在基本管件20内压力突然下降时(图5)，隔膜40自动地变形并且封闭相应于所述管件的连接件22端部22a。如果基本管件在其每个端部都与集管组件连接，则在基本管件的两端都发生上述同样的现象。结果，罐的出故障部分与罐其他部分快速隔离，流体的损耗非常有限，其他部分可以连续地使用，。
使用柔性隔膜的优点在于其低成本和可靠性，从而不需要移动部件。尽管如此，也可以使用其他形式的封闭机构，例如，与各基本管件的每端相联系的单向阀，而单向阀可选择承受最小的返回力，在相应的基本管件中无压力下降时，该返回力保持单向阀打开。
正如已描述的，所使用的基本管件的每一个的直径相当小，通常小于5cm，或者甚至小于1cm，管件能够承受相当高的压力，同时所使用的壁厚并不很厚。例如，管件由碳/环氧树脂复合材料制成，其外径为8mm，壁厚为1mm，可承受的内压为100Mpa。
这样，即使对于高压流体罐实质上可轻于同样容量的单体罐。
为了保护基本管件免遭冲击和免遭投射物撞击，希望至少在罐的每个暴露表面带有保护屏。
图6示出这样的保护屏。在该实施例中，保护屏包括一层泡沫材料42，特别是环绕基本管件20和集管束的聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫。该层42由如包括由芳族聚酰胺纤维加强的环氧树脂基的复合物制成的刚性壳或结构件44覆盖。壳44可通过在泡沫42上方覆盖树脂浸渍的纤维织物然后聚合树脂而成。在一变形例中，浸渍的纤维织物可覆盖在罐插入其中的模具的内表面上，用于形成盖泡沫层。保护屏也可以由如芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维壳构成，并且蜂窝结构材料的厚度取代和执行泡沫材料的功能。
当基本管件(和集管)由金属材料外的材料如复合材料制成时，使用保护屏是特别理想的，因为这样的材料比金属经常呈现低的抗冲击和具有小的塑性。
在碰撞或冲击情况下，刚性壳44将压力分布在泡沫42的整个表面。这种压力分布甚至更广，而与罐的基本管件接触的泡沫的后表面无变形。
在上述，假定罐10的形状复杂，并作为单组基本管件20加以实施的。
当适于接收罐的间隔空间都没有提供足以放置罐体容积时，可以如图7所示，使罐10成为多个分组件12，14。每个分组件包括多个长度和配置选择为适用该空间功能的基本管件。分组件12，14通过一个或多个管道38联接。

Claims (13)

1.一种加压流体罐，其特征在于，包括多个与至少一个集管(30，32，34)平行地连接的基本管件(20)，和相对于其内压力下降将任一基本管件隔开的封闭机构(40)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的罐，其特征在于，基本管件是管(20)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的罐，其特征在于，基本管件(20)相互平行设置。
4.按照权利要求1-3任一所述的罐，其特征在于，还包括多排基本管件(20)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的罐，其特征在于，罐由多排具有不同数目的基本管件(20)制成。
6.按照权利要求1-5任一所述的罐，其特征在于，具有不同长度的基本管件(20)。
7.按照权利要求1-6任一所述的罐，其特征在于，包括多个相联的组件(12，14)，每个均包括多个基本管件。
8.按照权利要求1-7任一所述的罐，其特征在于，封闭机构是安装在与集管(30)相连的每个基本管件(20)每端的各阀(40)，根据所述的基本管件中压力相对集管压力的下降，阀封闭基本管件的端部。
9.按照权利要求8所述的罐，其特征在于，阀是柔性隔膜(40)。
10.按照权利要求9所述的罐，其特征在于，柔性隔膜(40)安装在与多个基本管件(20)连接的集管(30)上，并且为多个基本管件公有。
11.按照权利要求1-10任一所述的罐，其特征在于，具有一个至少覆盖暴露表面的保护屏(42，44)。
12.按照权利要求11所述的罐，其特征在于，保护屏包括覆盖复合材料制刚性壳(44)的泡沫或蜂窝状材料层(42)。
13.按照权利要求1-12任一所述的罐，其特征在于，基本管件(20)由复合材料制成。
CN97180578A 1996-12-13 1997-12-12 加压流体罐、特别是液化气体罐 Expired - Fee Related CN1076808C (zh)

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