CN107679229A - The synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data - Google Patents

The synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data Download PDF

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CN107679229A
CN107679229A CN201710997120.7A CN201710997120A CN107679229A CN 107679229 A CN107679229 A CN 107679229A CN 201710997120 A CN201710997120 A CN 201710997120A CN 107679229 A CN107679229 A CN 107679229A
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CN107679229B (en
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杨俊宴
熊伟婷
史宜
曹俊
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Southeast University
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    • G06F16/9537Spatial or temporal dependent retrieval, e.g. spatiotemporal queries
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Abstract

The invention discloses the synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data, described method comprises the following steps:(1) basic geological study relief data storehouse is established;(2) urban transportation database is established;(3) urban built-up land database is established;(4) elevation contour line data storehouse is built;(5) city threedimensional model is established, forms city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data;(6) data mining analysis and visual presentation are carried out to three-dimensional modeling data.The present invention copes with the processing of magnanimity spatial shape data, carry out the acquisition of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data and estimating for Dimensional Factor rapidly and efficiently, synthetical collection and the information synthesis of the city space analysis foundation data based on artificial intelligence system are realized, contributes to the comprehensive of Urban Planning and Design, specification and efficient running.

Description

The synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data
Technical field
Excavate, gather and analyze the present invention relates to a kind of city space big data, and in particular to city three-dimensional building is high-precision Spend the synthetical collection and analysis method of space big data.
Background technology
City high-precision spatial big data using three-dimensional building as minimum unit is always space planning or even urban planning Key foundation, but this database has the characteristics that difficult acquisition, cycle be long, small sample.It is high-new for this problem, utilization The multi-source approach of information intelligence get city space large database concept developed for research Urban Spatial Morphology, in city Development mechanism etc. has highly important meaning.Wanted relative to traditional remote sensing satellite map by the way that infrared band differentiation city is all kinds of For the effect of element, bulk sample is had based on image technology and the city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial large database concept of data mining Originally, it can position, visualize, real-time monitoring characteristics.What is more important, this large database concept will from top layer to deep layer, from actual arrival Each space system in virtual pair city, each space cell carry out information representation comprehensively, comprehensive and analysis.
In the research of image technology and data mining, differentiate that various Data Elements are them by different types of data source In an important ring, the foundation of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial large database concept concerns specialized information identification, data extraction, dynamic The importance such as state variation prediction and aggregate map making.This database will meet increasingly huge city space big data pair Needed in Urban Planning and Design and aid decision demand and city management, be one of problem that urban planning faces.
The collection for being primarily upon single data of research city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial large database concept both at home and abroad at present, Analysis and visualization, less focus on the relation that influences each other between each data system in city space, and more shortage is fine to three-dimensional and built Build making and the dynamic display technology of the three-dimensional building high-precision spatial large database concept of the city space all standing of aspect.In city In the collection of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial large database concept, lack urban geography space coordinates, rest on the data of single dimension Processing, city space big data collection, integrated and display field in large scale complex data fall behind.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides the big number of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial According to synthetical collection and analysis method, described method be based on image analysing computer and big data and excavate structure city three-dimensional building mould Type, realize the seamless connection collection of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data and the simulation Dynamic Announce of space characteristics.
Technical scheme:The synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data, including following step Suddenly:
(1) the high definition remote sensing image diagram data in region to be measured is acquired, establishes City Terrain relief data storehouse;
(2) road and all kinds of traffic site information in the region are extracted by internet city big data of increasing income, established Urban transportation database;
(3) building and land used unit outline in the regional extent are identified from dubai internet city Dubai map code big data Point, establish building-land used database;
(4) elevational point and contour line data in the data acquisition regional extent are carried out with SRTM DEM, establish elevation- Contour line data storehouse;
(5) it was transformed into after above-mentioned database being entered into translation, scaling, revolution space processing in unified wgs84 coordinate systems, Data organization and management, synthesis are carried out with unified shp data formats, establish city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data;
(6) data mining analysis is carried out to three-dimensional modeling data, is distributed by GIS-Geographic Information System and visualizes exhibition Show.
Wherein, the topography and geomorphology database module of establishing described in step (1) includes using infrared remote sensing subrane technology, area Massif, water body and the afforestation vegetation fundamental of inside are separated, while is extracted carry out vectorized process.
Further, the City Terrain relief data library module of the foundation described in step (1) includes step in detail below:
(1.1) the high definition remote sensing image technical data in certain area is acquired, and distinguished based on infrared ray wave band The Eyedropper tool in platform is carried out to the massif in the high definition remote sensing image image in region, water body and afforestation vegetation key element color Draw, and then set out the color standard threshold value of massif, water body and afforestation vegetation key element, and meet mountain in the range of pickup area Image section in body, water body and afforestation vegetation key element threshold value, is set as single file format;
(1.2) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor data are directed respectively into VPstudio vector softwares, carry out A wheels Profile vector quantization command operation, while the general order intensity that stretches is adjusted to " strong " grade, and to " layer " this threshold value Level adjustment is head and the tail most strong grade, finally using V vector quantization orders, carries out vectorized process to four class key elements respectively, is formed Gradient map as vector quantization;
(1.3) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor vector data are directed respectively into GIS-Geographic Information System, and by its Shp formatted files are stored as respectively, and three class data conversions are turned into ground by wherein massif, water body key element using the processing of multistage face is turned Shape relief data library module three-dimensional modeling basic data.
Further, the urban transportation database module of establishing described in step (2) specifically includes following steps:
(2.1) with URL coding methods access openstreet map backstages API ports, and frame select it is identical with step A The region of scope, using " Overpass API " orders carry out data download;
(2.2) data for obtaining step (2.1) import JSOM softwares, and using keyword search methodology to road and friendship Logical website Space Elements are scanned for searching, and it is individually exported and wanted as independent OSM formatted datas progress space The extraction and screening of prime number evidence;
(2.3) OSM formatted datas are imported into GIS-Geographic Information System, and is translated into independent SHP formatted files.
Further, urban architecture-land used database module of establishing described in step (3) specifically includes following steps:
(3.1) latitude and longitude coordinates of the boundary node in the range of same area are entered with high moral map reference pick tool Row pickup, and checked and recorded;
(3.2) the building coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate Building outline point in the range of boundary node under latitude and longitude coordinates is captured, while is encoded with txtToPolygon Building outline point is converted into building outer contour by program, and assigns its building height attribute information;
(3.3) the land use coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate Land used plot outline point in the range of boundary node under latitude and longitude coordinates is captured, while is compiled with txtToPolygon Land used plot outline point is converted into land used plot outer contour by coded program, and assigns its land character attribute information;
Further, described step (4) establish elevation-contour line data storehouse include by API code development approach and Vector quantization, the elevational point in regional extent and contour line data are captured with valley floor GIS platform, and selected Required precision and coordinate system are taken, exports to csv formatted files;Then csv formatted files are imported into Arcgis platforms, conversion For SHP formatted files.
Further, step (5) establishes city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data and specifically includes following steps:
(5.1) comprehensive modeling is carried out to the big data of single type, gis database is directed respectively into, by four classes Data module carries out the contraposition of locus according to unified data format, and Various types of data library module is converted into unified wgs84 Coordinate system so that the numerical value per a kind of data can be with other categorical data Numerical Implementation Space Couplings;
(5.2) multi-level Data Format Transform is carried out, the data type of different-format is converted into unified or can phase The data format mutually changed.
It is (5.3) six class data after contraposition are unified to using the block that urban road encloses as basic statistics unit, Each block elementary cell includes shape relief data library module, traffic data library module, building-land used database module and height The data message of journey-contour line data library module four module.
Further, step (6) includes the asd number data inside each land used Land unit of statistics, building area Data, gross floors area data, and calculate the space index such as the site coverage in each block, plot ratio.
Beneficial effect:Its significant effect is the present invention compared with prior art:1st, the present invention based on image analysing computer and Big data is excavated, and copes with the processing of mass data, and it is big to carry out quick progress city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial in real time The synthetical collection of data;2nd, by the way that the Urban Spatial Data of polytype, multisystem is superimposed on into same Digital Map System Under, realize seamless connection collection and the space characteristics of the city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data based on city coordinate-system Simulation Dynamic Announce;3rd, by by topography and geomorphology database module, traffic data library module, building-land used database module And elevation-contour line data library module is superimposed under same Digital Map System, realizes the city based on city coordinate-system The collection of city space big data and comprehensive analysis are shown;4th, corresponding city sky is corresponded to by different approaches Type division multi-layer image Between big data key element, be advantageous to Classification Management and selection operation, setting constituency function can quickly select indication range, so as to subtract Few artificial duplication of labour, is easy to data input to export, quick analysis and deduced image;5th, it is of the invention by each of Urban Spatial Morphology Factor data carries out multiplex roles seamless combination, realizes the quick obtaining of mass data and query display directly perceived, is government function portion Door and architectural design, urban planning field provide data access;6th, city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data key element can be with By selecting query display, required data and image are dynamically shown on computers, are further each System Computer in city System improves and spatial shape optimization provides decision scheme.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the comprehensive of the city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data that the present invention is excavated based on image analysing computer and big data Close acquisition method figure;
Fig. 2 is administrative region of a city spatial dimension figure in Hangzhou City of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Hangzhou City shape relief data library module figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is traffic database module map in Hangzhou City of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Hangzhou City building of the present invention-land used database module figure;
Fig. 6 is Hangzhou City elevation of the present invention-contour line data library module figure.
Embodiment
In order to which technical scheme disclosed by the invention is described in detail, with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment do into The elaboration of one step.
Below with reference to Hangzhou China administrative region of a city scope (16596 square kilometres of the gross area, the people of permanent resident population 918.8 ten thousand, cities and towns Rate 76.2%) city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data synthetical collection and analysis method, data acquisition of the present invention Flow is as shown in figure 1, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) the high definition remote sensing image diagram data in the range of Hangzhou Area is acquired, and uses infrared remote sensing subrane Technology, distinguishes massif, water body and the afforestation vegetation fundamental of inside, while carries out vectorized process after being extracted, Topography and geomorphology database module is formed, as shown in Figure 3;
(1.1) the high definition remote sensing image technical data in the range of Hangzhou Area is acquired, and is based on infrared ray wave band The Eyedropper tool in platform is distinguished to massif, water body and the afforestation vegetation in the high definition remote sensing image image in the range of Hangzhou Area Key element color is drawn, and then sets out the color standard threshold value of massif, water body and afforestation vegetation key element, and gathers Hangzhou The image section met in massif, water body and afforestation vegetation key element threshold value in the range of domain, is set as single file format;
(1.2) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor data are directed respectively into VPstudio vector softwares, carry out A wheels Profile vector quantization command operation, while the general order intensity that stretches is adjusted to " strong " grade, and to " layer " this threshold value Level adjustment is head and the tail most strong grade, finally using V vector quantization orders, carries out vectorized process to four class key elements respectively, is formed Gradient map as vector quantization;
(1.3) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor vector data are directed respectively into GIS-Geographic Information System, and by its Shp formatted files are stored as respectively, and wherein massif, water body key element turn the technological treatment in multistage face so that three types Data can be converted into topography and geomorphology database module three-dimensional modeling basic data.
(2) URL coding methods are used, city big data grasping means is increased income to the road in the range of Hangzhou Area from internet Road and all kinds of traffic stations point are extracted, and are stored as single file, form traffic data library module, as shown in Figure 4;
(2.1) with URL coding methods access openstreet map backstages API ports, and frame select it is identical with step A The region of scope, using " Overpass API " orders carry out data download;
(2.2) obtained data are downloaded according to step (2.1) and import JSOM softwares, and using keyword search methodology to road Road and traffic station space of points key element are scanned for searching, and it is individually exported as independent OSM formatted datas progress The extraction and screening of Space Elements data;
(2.3) OSM formatted datas are imported into GIS-Geographic Information System, and is translated into independent SHP formatted files.
(3) Java language code method is used, Hangzhou Area model is identified from dubai internet city Dubai map code big data method Enclose interior building and land used unit outline point and carried out spatial integration into building and land used multistage face, form building-use Ground database module, as shown in Figure 5;
(3.1) longitude and latitude of the boundary node in the range of identical Hangzhou Area is sat with high moral map reference pick tool Mark is picked up, and is checked and recorded;
(3.2) the building coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate Building outline point in the range of boundary node under latitude and longitude coordinates is captured, while is encoded with txtToPolygon Building outline point is converted into building outer contour by program, and assigns its building height attribute information;
# upper left corners latitude and longitude coordinates (Mars coordinate) 117.250586,31.879621
Zs_lon_lat='117.250586,31.879621'
Zs_lon_deg=float (zs_lon_lat.split (', ') [0])
Zs_lat_deg=float (zs_lon_lat.split (', ') [1])
# lower right corner latitude and longitude coordinates (Mars coordinate) 117.312298,31.851338
Yx_lon_lat='117.312298,31.851338'
Yx_lon_deg=float (yx_lon_lat.split (', ') [0])
Yx_lat_deg=float (yx_lon_lat.split (', ') [1])
# map zoom levels
Zoom=int (17)
Li1=deg2num (zs_lat_deg, zs_lon_deg, zoom)
M=li1 [0]
N=li1 [1]
Level=li1 [2]
Li2=deg2num (yx_lat_deg, yx_lon_deg, zoom)
M1=li2 [0]
N1=li2 [1]
X=m1-m
Y=n1-n
(3.3) the land use coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate Land used plot outline point in the range of boundary node under latitude and longitude coordinates is captured, while is compiled with txtToPolygon Land used plot outline point is converted into land used plot outer contour by coded program, and assigns its land character attribute information;
def deg2num(lat_deg,lon_deg,zoom):
Lat_rad=math.radians (lat_deg)
N=2.0**zoom
Tx=int ((lon_deg+180.0)/360.0*n)
Ty=int ((1.0-math.log (math.tan (lat_rad)+(1/math.cos (lat_rad)))/ math.pi)/2.0*n)
Li=[]
li.append(tx)
li.append(ty)
li.append(zoom)
return li
def transformCell(tx,ty,zoom):
if tx>2**zoom-1:
Tx=2**zoom-1
if ty>2**zoom-1:
Ty=2**zoom-1
D=int (math.pow (2, int ((zoom+1)/2)))
X=tx%d
Y=ty%d
M=(tx-x)/d
N=(ty-y)/d
Tile=[tx-m*d+n*d, ty-n*d+m*d]
return tile
(4) by API code development approach, the height in the range of data grabber acquisition Hangzhou Area is carried out with SRTM DEM Journey point and contour line data, and import CAD and carry out vector quantization, elevation-contour line data library module is formed, as shown in Figure 6;
(4.1) elevational point in the range of Hangzhou Area and contour line data are carried out with valley floor GIS platform Crawl, and required precision and coordinate system are chosen, export to csv formatted files;
(4.2) csv formatted files are imported into Arcgis platforms, is converted into SHP formatted files;
(5) above-mentioned database module is imported into GIS platform, and is translated, scaled, rotated etc. at space Reason, Various types of data library module is converted into unified wgs84 coordinate systems, and guarantees to carry out complete space contraposition;Meanwhile with system One data format carries out Various types of data organization and administration, and the data after superposition carry out synthesis processing, had between each data unified Block data processing unit, three-dimensional modeling is carried out according to the data after synthesis, it is high-precision to form unified Hangzhou City three-dimensional building Spend space big data;
(5.1) comprehensive modeling is carried out to the big data of single type, gis database is directed respectively into, by four classes Data module carries out the contraposition of locus according to unified data format, and Various types of data library module is converted into unified wgs84 Coordinate system so that the numerical value per a kind of data can be with other categorical data Numerical Implementation Space Couplings;
(5.2) multi-level Data Format Transform is carried out, the data type of different-format is converted into unified or can phase The data format mutually changed.
(5.3) it is six class data after contraposition are unified to using the block that Hangzhou City road encloses as basic statistics list Member, i.e., each block elementary cell include shape relief data library module, traffic data library module, building-land used database module And the data message of elevation-contour line data library module four module.
(6) data mining analysis is carried out to three-dimensional modeling data, obtains Hangzhou City space big data space index feature Integrated information, and analyze Hangzhou City three-dimensional construction situation in real time, and then be distributed by GIS-Geographic Information System and visually Change displaying.
(6.1) asd number data, building area data, the gross floors area inside each land used Land unit are counted Data, and calculate the space index such as the site coverage in each block, plot ratio.
(6.2) database is visualized by GIS-Geographic Information System, supports export two-dimensional display image form There are DWG, JPEG, PDF, EPS, PNG, GIF, TIFF;Support export three dimensional rendered images form have DWG, 3ds, skp, CityGML。

Claims (8)

1. the synthetical collection and analysis method of city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data, it is characterised in that:Including following step Suddenly:
(1) the high definition remote sensing image diagram data in region to be measured is acquired, establishes City Terrain relief data storehouse;
(2) road and all kinds of traffic site information in the region are extracted by internet city big data of increasing income, establishes city Traffic database;
(3) building and land used unit outline point in the regional extent are identified from dubai internet city Dubai map code big data, is built Vertical building-land used database;
(4) elevational point and contour line data in the data acquisition regional extent are carried out with SRTM DEM, establishes elevation-contour Line database;
(5) it was transformed into after above-mentioned database being entered into translation, scaling, revolution space processing in unified wgs84 coordinate systems, with system One shp data formats carry out data organization and management, synthesis, establish city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data;
(6) data mining analysis is carried out to three-dimensional modeling data, is distributed and is visualized by GIS-Geographic Information System.
2. collection and the analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its feature It is:Topography and geomorphology database module of establishing described in step (1) includes distinguishing inside using infrared remote sensing subrane technology Massif, water body and afforestation vegetation fundamental, while extracted carry out vectorized process.
3. the synthetical collection and analysis method of the city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data according to claim 1,2, It is characterized in that:The City Terrain relief data library module of foundation described in step (1) includes step in detail below:
(1.1) the high definition remote sensing image technical data in certain area is acquired, and platform is distinguished based on infrared ray wave band In the Eyedropper tool the massif in the high definition remote sensing image image in region, water body and afforestation vegetation key element color are inhaled Take, and then set out the color standard threshold value of massif, water body and afforestation vegetation key element, and meet mountain in the range of pickup area Image section in body, water body and afforestation vegetation key element threshold value, is set as single file format;
(1.2) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor data are directed respectively into VPstudio vector softwares, carry out A contour lines Vector quantization command operation, while the general order intensity that stretches is adjusted to " strong " grade, and to " layer " this threshold levels Head and the tail most strong grade is adjusted to, finally using V vector quantization orders, vectorized process is carried out to four class key elements respectively, forms conduct The gradient map of vector quantization;
(1.3) massif, water body and afforestation vegetation factor vector data are directed respectively into GIS-Geographic Information System, and distinguished Shp formatted files are stored as, wherein massif, water body key element are using the processing of multistage face is turned, by three class data conversions with turning into landform Looks database module three-dimensional modeling basic data.
4. the synthetical collection and analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its It is characterised by:Urban transportation database module of establishing described in step (2) specifically includes following steps:
(2.1) with URL coding methods access openstreet map backstages API ports, and frame is selected and step A same ranges Region, using " Overpass API " order carry out data download;
(2.2) data for obtaining step (2.1) import JSOM softwares, and using keyword search methodology to road and traffic station Space of points key element is scanned for searching, and it is individually exported and carries out Space Elements number as independent OSM formatted datas According to extraction and screening;
(2.3) OSM formatted datas are imported into GIS-Geographic Information System, and is translated into independent SHP formatted files.
5. the synthetical collection and analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its It is characterised by:Urban architecture-land used database module of establishing described in step (3) specifically includes following steps:
(3.1) latitude and longitude coordinates of the boundary node in the range of same area are picked up with high moral map reference pick tool Take, and checked and recorded;
(3.2) the building coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate longitude and latitude The building outline point in the range of boundary node under degree coordinate is captured, while uses txtToPolygon coded programs Building outline point is converted into building outer contour, and assigns its building height attribute information;
(3.3) the landuse coded programs in IDLE (Python GUI) module in Python softwares are used to accurate longitude and latitude The land used plot outline point in the range of boundary node under degree coordinate is captured, while with txtToPolygon coding journeys Land used plot outline point is converted into land used plot outer contour by sequence, and assigns its land character attribute information.
6. the synthetical collection and analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its It is characterised by:Described step (4), which establishes elevation-contour line data storehouse, to be included passing through API code development approach and vector quantization, is transported The elevational point in regional extent and contour line data are captured with valley floor GIS platform, and required for selection Precision and coordinate system, export to csv formatted files;Then csv formatted files are imported into Arcgis platforms, is converted into SHP forms File.
7. the synthetical collection and analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its It is characterised by:Step (5) establishes city three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data and specifically includes following steps:
(5.1) comprehensive modeling is carried out to the big data of single type, gis database is directed respectively into, by four class data Module carries out the contraposition of locus according to unified data format, and Various types of data library module is converted into unified wgs84 coordinates System so that the numerical value per a kind of data can be with other categorical data Numerical Implementation Space Couplings;
(5.2) multi-level Data Format Transform is carried out, the data type of different-format is converted into unified or can mutually be turned The data format changed;
(5.3) it is six class data after contraposition are unified to using the block that urban road encloses as basic statistics unit, it is each Block elementary cell include shape relief data library module, traffic data library module, building-land used database module and elevation- The data message of contour line data library module four module.
8. the synthetical collection and analysis method of three-dimensional building high-precision spatial big data in city according to claim 1, its It is characterised by:Step (6) includes counting asd number data inside each land used Land unit, building area data, built Gross area data are built, and calculate the space index such as the site coverage in each block, plot ratio.
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