CN107705360B - Method for quickly generating section of mountain landscape - Google Patents
Method for quickly generating section of mountain landscape Download PDFInfo
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- CN107705360B CN107705360B CN201710878819.1A CN201710878819A CN107705360B CN 107705360 B CN107705360 B CN 107705360B CN 201710878819 A CN201710878819 A CN 201710878819A CN 107705360 B CN107705360 B CN 107705360B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly generating a mountain landscape section diagram, which sequentially comprises the following steps: establishing a mountain digital elevation model and generating a mountain section structure line: by analyzing landscape resource elements in the mountain remote sensing satellite image and combining site investigation and second-class investigation, establishing a mountain various landscape resource element elevation graphic material library: and (5) manufacturing a mountain landscape section view. The method is based on a digital geographic information system, a remote sensing image processing system and a global positioning system, combines a digital elevation model section structure chart, an analytic remote sensing image and mountain landscape resource elements investigated on the spot, and utilizes AutoCAD to quickly manufacture a mountain landscape section chart, thereby providing a new scientific method for integrating space information such as site terrain, landform, hydrology, elevation and the like and generalizing and analyzing landscape resources of artificial structures such as trees, shrubs, grass plant communities, buildings, roads and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a landscape section generation technology, in particular to a method for quickly generating a mountain landscape section diagram.
Background
The landscape section view is a vertical plane of the environment where the landscape is located, and shows a graphical tool of the left-right vertical and vertical spatial relationship of the whole landscape. Researchers can be used for combing the space information of site landform, hydrology, elevation and the like, and scientifically inducing and analyzing the complexity and the mutual relation of arbor, shrub and grass plant communities and artificial structure landscape resources such as buildings, roads and the like. The landscape sectional diagram can combine scientific data with visual illustrations, so that designers can easily link the data with images, the landscape sectional diagram plays an indispensable role in researching the composition structure and the spatial relationship of landscape elements and the inherent complexity, and a new communication platform is created for interdisciplinary research.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for quickly generating a mountain landscape section map. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical route is adopted by combining with on-site investigation to establish a digital elevation model, analyze a satellite remote sensing image and establish a landscape resource element material elevation graphic material library.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a method for quickly generating a mountain landscape section diagram, which sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) establishing a mountain digital elevation model and generating a mountain section structure line:
(2) by analyzing landscape resource elements in the mountain remote sensing satellite image and combining site investigation and second-class investigation, establishing a mountain various landscape resource element elevation graphic material library:
(3) and (5) manufacturing a mountain landscape section view.
Further, the specific method of the step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) completely and accurately acquiring a three-dimensional vector topographic map and related geographic space coordinate data of the mountain land according to actual surveying and mapping and a satellite remote sensing map;
(1.2) converting all the obtained vector mountain space form three-dimensional data into a multi-segment line format by using a format conversion command in AutoCAD software; extracting two basic data of a contour line and a height point from vector data in AutoCAD according to the dwg file converted into a multi-segment line format, and establishing a new layer, wherein the contour line is in a multi-segment line form, and the height point is in a point form;
(1.3) storing the simplified and processed vector data dwg file in a dxf format, and then importing the vector data dwg file into an ArcGIS geographic information system to form basic topographic data information;
and (1.4) establishing a DEM digital elevation model by using a 3D analysis tool in ArcGIS, generating a section structure line by using a section drawing tool, and importing the section structure line into AutoCAD in a dwg format.
Further, the specific method of the step (2) is as follows:
(2.1) after correction processing is carried out on the mountain land remote sensing image file in the ERDAS remote sensing image processing software, a tiff format is exported, and the mountain land remote sensing image file is converted into an Akt.
(2.2) opening an Akt.msi image file in the MapGIS to perform image projection and registration, constructing a vector area file according to the longitude and latitude of the mountain, and cutting the registered image through a grid vector conversion area file to obtain a proper mountain image;
(2.3) according to a land utilization survey report of a region where the mountain land is located, analyzing various landscape resource elements in the mountain land by combining 3 false color images synthesized by wave bands with 30m pixels, simultaneously establishing various landscape resource element material vertical face graphic material libraries by combining field investigation and two types of investigation by using AutoCAD software, and respectively establishing different layers and name attributes for various landscape resource elements.
Further, the specific method of the step (3) is as follows:
(3.1) finding the plane position of the cross section in the step (1) according to various landscape resource elements analyzed from the mountain remote sensing image in the step (2), and determining the types of the landscape resource elements on the cross section;
(3.2) use in AutoCAD: inserting a command of a block (B), inputting names of various landscape elements, and quickly calling various landscape resource element elevation graphs on the section;
and (3.3) adding various landscape resource element elevation graphs on a section structure line in the AutoCAD according to the plane positions of various landscape resource elements on the section to manufacture a mountain landscape section diagram.
And (3) analyzing various landscape resource elements in the mountainous region through image reading in the step (2.3), namely primarily identifying forest lands, grasslands, cultivated lands, water systems and buildings through colors and shapes by using MapGIS software, and then distinguishing tree species in the forest lands through canopy layers.
Has the advantages that: the method can quickly generate a complete mountain landscape section map, find the actual section position through the geographic coordinates to perform comparison and check, and can improve the precision of the mountain remote sensing satellite image if the difference is large.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. high precision: the existing landscape section diagram manufacturing method is manufactured according to a common plan diagram, and subjective design is integrated to a certain extent; the invention is based on a digital geographic information system, a remote sensing image processing system and a global positioning system, combines the section generation of a digital elevation model, the analysis of a remote sensing image and secondary investigation, utilizes AutoCAD to manufacture, objectively reflects the actual landscape through scientific technology, and comprehensively improves the precision of the landscape section.
2. High flexibility: the invention acquires the landscape section at any position and any angle of the mountain land, not only can acquire the regional landscape section ignored by people, but also can acquire the regional landscape section which is difficult to reach by people, and simultaneously can manufacture the landscape section with larger span.
3. Multi-scale property: the invention can carry out scaling with any proportion and interception with any length according to the requirement of design research.
4. Strong sharing property: the landscape section diagram can be used as effective data information for planning design and current situation analysis, and provides scientific basis and guidance for planning and construction departments.
5. Strong operability: if the traditional landscape section diagram is consistent with the actual situation, the site investigation is required to be realized, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be invested, and the difficulty in manufacturing the large-scale landscape section diagram is greatly increased; the method is based on the principle of actual operability, combines the analysis of the remote sensing image with the generation of the section of the digital elevation model, utilizes computer-aided design software to manufacture, can manufacture the landscape section at any position, at any angle and at any scale, and is favorable for the popularization and application of the landscape section manufacture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a digital elevation map of the mountains in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a structural line diagram of arbitrary 3 cross sections of mountain areas in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a cut-out view of registration of satellite pictures and an elevation model in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating remote sensing image analysis in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of any 3 landscape sections in example 1;
wherein, FIG. 3(a) is a sectional structure line drawing in a-a ' direction in FIG. 2, FIG. 3(b) is a sectional structure line drawing in b-b ' direction in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3(c) is a sectional structure line drawing in c-c ' direction in FIG. 2; fig. 6(a), 6(b) and 6(c) are enlarged partial views of the final landscape cross-section of the three cross-sections of fig. 2 in sequence.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for rapidly generating a mountain landscape section view of the invention sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a mountain digital elevation model and generating a mountain section structure line:
(2) by analyzing landscape resource elements in the mountain remote sensing satellite image and combining site investigation and second-class investigation, establishing a mountain various landscape resource element elevation graphic material library:
(3) and (5) manufacturing a mountain landscape section view.
Example 1:
the method for quickly generating the mountain landscape section comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishing a mountain digital elevation model and generating a mountain section structure line
(1.1) completely and accurately acquiring a three-dimensional vector topographic map of a certain mountain land and related geographic space coordinate data according to actual surveying and mapping and a satellite remote sensing map;
(1.2) importing the obtained vector space form three-dimensional data into AutoCAD to carry out simplification and format conversion, completing the screening of vector data information, and converting all data into a multi-segment line format by using a format conversion command PE-M-J in the AutoCAD software according to the current land vector graph fully covered by the landscape area;
(1.3) extracting two basic data of contour lines and elevation points from vector data in AutoCAD according to the dwg file converted into the multi-segment line format, and establishing a new layer, wherein the contour lines are in a multi-segment line form, and the elevation points are in a point form;
and (1.4) storing the simplified and processed vector data dwg file in a dxf format, and importing the vector data dwg file into an ArcGIS geographic information system to form basic topographic data information.
(1.5) establishing a digital elevation model (as shown in figure 2) by using an ArcToolBox-3D analysis tool in ArcGIS, generating any 3 section structure lines (as shown in figure 3) by using a section generation tool, and importing the section structure lines into AutoCAD in a dwg format.
(2) By analyzing landscape resource elements in mountain remote sensing satellite images and combining site investigation and second-class investigation, a vertical-face graphic material cloud library of various landscape resource elements in mountainous regions is established
(2.1) after correction processing is carried out on the mountain land remote sensing image file in the ERDAS remote sensing image processing software, a tiff format is exported, and the mountain land remote sensing image file is converted into an Akt.
(2.2) opening an Akt. msi image file in the MapGIS to perform image projection and registration, constructing a vector area file according to the longitude and latitude of the mountain, and cutting the registered image through a grid vector conversion area file to obtain a proper mountain image (as shown in figure 4);
(2.3) according to a land utilization survey report of a region where the mountain land is located, analyzing various landscape resource elements (shown in figure 5) in the mountain land by combining 3 false color images synthesized by wave bands with 30m pixels, simultaneously establishing a vertical face graphic material cloud library of various landscape resource elements in the AutoCAD by combining a two-class survey method, and respectively establishing different layers and name attributes for the various landscape resource elements.
(3) Making a mountain landscape section view:
(3.1) finding the plane position of the cross section in the step (1) according to various landscape resource elements analyzed from the mountain remote sensing image in the step (2), and determining the types of the landscape resource elements on the cross section;
(3.2) use in AutoCAD: inserting a command of a block (B), inputting names of various landscape elements, and quickly calling various landscape resource element elevation graphs on the section;
and (3.3) adding various landscape resource element elevation graphs on a section structure line in the AutoCAD according to the plane positions of various landscape resource elements on the section to manufacture 3 corresponding mountain landscape section graphs (as shown in figure 6).
According to the embodiment, the digital elevation model cross-section structure diagram is generated, the remote sensing image is analyzed, mountain landscape resource elements are investigated on the spot and combined through the digital elevation model cross-section structure diagram, the remote sensing image is rapidly manufactured through the AutoCAD, and a novel scientific method is provided for integrating spatial information of site terrain, landform, hydrology, elevation and the like and carrying out inductive analysis on artificial structure landscape resources of arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plant communities, buildings, roads and the like.
In short, the invention finds the actual section position for comparison and check according to the geographical coordinates of the rapidly generated mountain landscape section map, if the difference is larger, the precision of the mountain remote sensing satellite image can be improved, and the landscape section map obtained for many times is basically consistent with the landscape resource elements of the on-site investigation, thereby proving that the precision of the remote sensing image basically meets the requirement.
Claims (1)
1. A method for quickly generating a mountain landscape section diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a mountain digital elevation model and generating a mountain section structure line:
(2) by analyzing landscape resource elements in the mountain remote sensing satellite image and combining site investigation and second-class investigation, establishing a mountain various landscape resource element elevation graphic material library:
(3) making a mountain landscape section diagram;
the specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1.1) completely and accurately acquiring a three-dimensional vector topographic map and related geographic space coordinate data of the mountain land according to actual surveying and mapping and a satellite remote sensing map;
(1.2) converting all the obtained vector mountain space form three-dimensional data into a multi-segment line format by using a format conversion command in AutoCAD software; extracting two basic data of a contour line and a height point from vector data in AutoCAD according to the dwg file converted into a multi-segment line format, and establishing a new layer, wherein the contour line is in a multi-segment line form, and the height point is in a point form;
(1.3) storing the vector data dwg file which is simplified and processed in the step (1.2) in a dxf format, and then importing the vector data dwg file into an ArcGIS geographic information system to form basic topographic data information;
(1.4) establishing a DEM digital elevation model by using a 3D analysis Tool in ArcGIS, generating a section structure line by using a profile Tool, and introducing the section structure line into AutoCAD in a dw format;
the specific method of the step (2) is as follows:
(2.1) after correction processing is carried out on the mountain land remote sensing image file in the ERDAS remote sensing image processing software, a tiff format is exported, and the mountain land remote sensing image file is converted into an Akt.
(2.2) opening an Akt.msi image file in the MapGIS to perform image projection and registration, constructing a vector area file according to the longitude and latitude of the mountain, and cutting the registered image through a grid vector conversion area file to obtain a proper mountain image;
(2.3) according to a land utilization survey report of a region where the mountain land is located, analyzing various landscape resource elements in the mountain land by combining 3 false color images synthesized by wave bands with 30m pixels, simultaneously establishing various landscape resource element material elevation graphic material libraries by using AutoCAD software by combining site survey and second-class survey, and respectively establishing different layers and name attributes for the various landscape resource elements;
the specific method of the step (3) is as follows:
(3.1) finding the plane position of the cross section in the step (1) according to various landscape resource elements analyzed from the mountain remote sensing image in the step (2), and determining the types of the landscape resource elements on the cross section;
(3.2) use in AutoCAD: inserting a command of a block (B), inputting names of various landscape elements, and quickly calling various landscape resource element elevation graphs on the section;
(3.3) adding various landscape resource element elevation graphs on a section structure line in the AutoCAD according to the plane positions of various landscape resource elements on the section to manufacture a mountain landscape section diagram;
and (3) analyzing various landscape resource elements in the mountainous region through image reading in the step (2.3), namely primarily identifying forest lands, grasslands, cultivated lands, water systems and buildings through colors and shapes by using MapGIS software, and then distinguishing tree species in the forest lands through canopy layers.
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