CN109509234B - Urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method - Google Patents
Urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109509234B CN109509234B CN201811170729.8A CN201811170729A CN109509234B CN 109509234 B CN109509234 B CN 109509234B CN 201811170729 A CN201811170729 A CN 201811170729A CN 109509234 B CN109509234 B CN 109509234B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-definition grid map vectorization method based on urban building groups, which comprises the following steps: 1) Acquiring a high-definition grid map; 2) Extracting high-definition grid map information; 3) Establishing a management working space; 4) Importing a geographic information database; 5) Geographic information registration; 6) Exporting the file; 7) Data conversion; 8) And finishing vectorization. The urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method can process the urban building high-definition grid map with large information content by using a more accurate geographic information proportioning technology, and can obtain a better vectorization result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vectorization method of a building map, in particular to a vectorization method based on a high-definition grid map of urban buildings.
Background
With the speed of urbanization increasing, the requirements for the geographic information system data based on urbanization are more and more extensive, and the GIS data becomes a vital part as basic data required by research. The currently popular map software provides grid maps and does not have geographic information system data. Therefore, the vectorization proportioning needs to be performed manually on the grid map. In order to make up for the deficiency of the urban building geographic information system information in China, a grid map vectorization method is required to be selected to provide basic information for the urban building geographic information database. However, the map that we can obtain at ordinary times is almost a grid map with lower resolution, and the disadvantage is that the map is distorted when slightly magnifying and observing the building information, so that the map is not suitable for accurate geographic information system research, and the vectorization is not accurate. The vector diagram is characterized in that distortion does not occur along with the enlargement or reduction of the image, and the vector diagram is composed of points with small volume. The invention provides a map vectorization method based on a high-definition TIF grid map, which can process the high-definition grid map of urban buildings with large information content by using a more accurate geographic information matching technology and can achieve a better vectorization result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a map vectorization method based on a high-definition TIF grid map, which can process an urban building high-definition grid map with large information quantity by using a more accurate geographic information proportioning technology and can obtain a better vectorization result.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-definition grid map vectorization method based on urban building groups is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) And acquiring a high-definition grid map: acquiring a high-definition grid map of an urban building group through high-definition map software;
2) Extracting high-definition grid map information: extracting information of a high-definition grid map of an urban building group, wherein the information comprises the number of pixel columns and lines, the number of wave bands, the pixel size, the source type, the pixel depth, a spatial reference coordinate system and a reference surface, and the DPI is ensured to be more than 300;
3) Establishing a management working space: establishing a management working space through geographic information system software, ensuring that subsequent vectorized data are stored in the space, and then establishing a geographic information database in the space, wherein the geographic information database construction elements comprise point, line and plane data sets;
4) Importing a geographic information database: and importing the downloaded high-definition grid map, the management working space and the constructed geographic information database into geographic information system software ArcGIS, and generating a geographic information database layer. Determining that the constructed geographic information database information and the high-definition grid map information are matched with each other, wherein the geographic information database information comprises a geographic coordinate system and a projection coordinate system;
5) Geographic information registration: carrying out geographic information registration on the high-definition grid map in a geographic information base map layer, establishing a matching origin coordinate and an X axis and a Y axis, and determining that a scale of the X axis and the Y axis is 1:1000, and ensure that the scale matches the realistic scale;
6) And exporting the file: vectorizing the high-definition grid map in map software ArcGIS, and exporting a SHP format result file;
7) And data conversion: converting the SHP format result file into a comma separated value file format file through Qgis data conversion software;
8) Completing vectorization: and finishing high-definition grid map vectorization.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the urban building group-based high-definition grid map vectorization method disclosed by the invention can quickly complete the grid map vectorization work through the cooperative cooperation of BIGEMAP, arcGIS and Qgis software, and is suitable for completing the high-definition grid map vectorization task under the conditions of limited working conditions, no high-performance machine vision equipment and no help of advanced algorithm.
2. The urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method can be used for combining the obtained geographic information data with dynamic data (such as local area typical meteorological data, cold and heat load and the like) and static information (such as window-wall ratio, window heat conductivity coefficient, wall heat conductivity coefficient and the like) of a building by performing special GTN numbering on each building, matching the registered geographic information data with GTN data, combining the obtained geographic information data with an ASCII code compiling function such as R language and the like to generate an energy consumption simulation data file similar to an IDF file, and putting the generated file into energy consumption simulation software such as EnergyPlus and Dest and the like for energy consumption simulation so as to complete the energy consumption simulation work based on the urban building group and ensure the accuracy of the calculated speed and ratio.
3. According to the urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method, through the vectorization of the grid map, the geographic coordinate comma separated value file format data file which can be finally converted is combined with the relevant file data (meteorological parameters, building envelope characteristics, internal heating, heating and ventilation systems and the like) of building simulation, and finally the building energy consumption simulation research based on the urban geographic information system is completed. In the conventional building energy consumption simulation, taking energy plus as an example, if a large batch of building energy consumption simulation is to be performed, the geometric parameters and the non-geometric parameters of the building need to be edited by an Editor IDF Editor of the energy plus. In addition, a method is to adopt a plug-in Openstudio of SketchUp to perform visualized parameter editing on the building, and although the visualized parameter editing is realized compared with the prior IDF Editor, a large amount of repetitive work is still needed if the energy consumption condition of the urban building is simulated.
4. The urban building group high-definition grid map vectorization-based method can process the urban building high-definition grid map with large information content by using a more accurate geographic information proportioning technology, and can achieve a better vectorization result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high definition TIF map downloaded through the commercial software BIGEMAP;
FIG. 2 is a geographic registration (determination of the origin of coordinates, X-axis and Y-axis of the image) by the ArcMap software;
FIG. 3 is vectorization proportioning by vectorization software ArcMap;
FIG. 4 is a conversion of an ArcMap-exported SHP formatted file into the required comma-separated value file format (CSV) via a Qgis file;
FIG. 5 is a partial data of the resulting comma separated value file format;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A vectorization method for a high-definition grid map comprises the following steps:
1) And acquiring a high-definition grid map: acquiring a high-definition grid map of an urban building group through high-definition map software; and (3) summarizing the coordinate position and the orientation of the geographic information building to be researched, carrying out field investigation and measurement if necessary, and after the inquiry is finished, downloading a high-definition grid map file with a format of TIF through high-definition map software BIGEMAP to obtain the graph 1. The obtained high-definition grid map is high in resolution, and subsequent matching work is facilitated.
2) Extracting high-definition grid map information: extracting information of a high-definition grid map of an urban building group, wherein the information comprises the number of pixel columns and lines, the number of wave bands, the pixel size, the source type, the pixel depth, a spatial reference coordinate system and a reference surface, and ensuring that DPI is more than 300, and the DPI is one of parameters for measuring image pixels; and checking the high-definition grid map, aiming at ensuring the information consistency when establishing a geographic information database later, and preventing the parameters of the file geographic information database established in the next step ArcCatalog from being mismatched with the information of the high-definition grid map, so that geographic registration cannot be carried out in ArcGIS. In order to ensure the vectorization accuracy, the DPI of the high-definition grid map file is determined to be more than 300.
3) Establishing a management working space: establishing a management working space through ArcCatalog in geographic information system software ArcGIS, ensuring that subsequent vectorized data are stored in the space, and then constructing a geographic information database in the space, wherein the construction elements of the geographic information database comprise point, line and plane data sets; arcCatalog is a database of user organizational, usage and management workspace and geographic information. Workspace refers to the folders on the disk that are used to manage and operate the geographic information systems (map documents, images and other data files, geographic processing models, layers, etc.). The workspace provides a simple way to organize and share a logical collection of geographic information.
4) Importing a geographic information database: and importing the downloaded high-definition grid map, the management working space and the constructed geographic information database into geographic information system software ArcGIS, and generating a geographic information database layer. The information of the established geographic information database and the information of the high-definition grid map are matched with each other, and the geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system are included, for example, the geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system are selected, in the patent, WGS _1984 is used as the geographic coordinate system, and WGS _1984 \ u world_Mercator is used as the projection coordinate system. Due to differences in the mapping software. Important parameters need to be determined, and a high-definition grid map and a file geographic information database established before are imported into the ArcMap. The geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system can be checked and modified through the attribute options.
5) Geographic information registration: performing geographic information registration on the high-definition grid map in a geographic information base map layer, as shown in fig. 2; establishing the coordinate of a proportioning origin and an X axis and a Y axis, and determining that the scale of the X axis and the Y axis is within the range of 1:1000 and ensure that the scale matches the real scale. The map is accurately matched manually by the map zooming function of the ArcMap, a two-dimensional cartesian coordinate system is established, and the finished result is shown in fig. 3.
6) And exporting the file: vectorizing the high-definition grid map in map software ArcGIS, and exporting a SHP format result file. The result file in the SHP format is exported from the ArcMap file, but the result file in the SHP format cannot be directly adopted by the subsequent building energy consumption simulation, and the result file in the SHP format cannot be visualized, so that the next data conversion is needed.
7) And data conversion: the SHP format result file is converted into a comma-separated-value file format file (csv file) by Qgis data conversion software, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and partial data in the comma-separated-value file format is finally obtained. The file information includes the coordinate information and area information of the building layer. The results obtained can be used directly in the operation of automated modeling.
8) Completing vectorization: and finishing high-definition grid map vectorization.
Claims (1)
1. A high-definition grid map vectorization method based on urban building groups comprises the following steps:
1) And acquiring the high-definition grid map: acquiring a high-definition grid map of an urban building group through high-definition map software;
2) Extracting high-definition grid map information: extracting information of a high-definition grid map of an urban building group, wherein the information comprises the number of pixel columns and lines, the number of wave bands, the pixel size, the source type, the pixel depth, a spatial reference coordinate system and a reference plane, and the DPI is ensured to be more than 300;
3) Establishing a management working space: establishing a management working space through geographic information system software, ensuring that subsequent vectorized data are stored in the space, and then establishing a geographic information database in the space, wherein the geographic information database construction elements comprise point, line and plane data sets;
4) Importing a geographic information database: importing a downloaded high-definition grid map, a management working space and a constructed geographic information database into geographic information system software ArcGIS, generating a geographic information database layer, and determining that the constructed geographic information database information is matched with the high-definition grid map information, wherein the geographic information database information comprises a geographic coordinate system and a projection coordinate system;
5) Geographic information registration: carrying out geographic information registration on the high-definition grid map in a geographic information base map layer, establishing a matching origin coordinate and an X axis and a Y axis, and determining that a scale of the X axis and the Y axis is 1:1000, and ensure that the scale matches the realistic scale;
6) And exporting the file: vectorizing the high-definition grid map in map software ArcGIS, and exporting a SHP format result file;
7) And data conversion: converting the SHP format result file into a comma separated value file format file through Qgis data conversion software;
8) Completing vectorization: and finishing high-definition grid map vectorization.
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| CN101957987A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-26 | 同济大学 | Method for automatically registering raster image and vector electronic map |
| CN102332168A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-01-25 | 南京大学 | V (Voronoi) diagram-based raster map vectorization method |
| JP2016071786A (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-05-09 | 株式会社日立システムズ | Geographic information vectorization supporting system and geographic information vectorization support method |
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