CN107675489A - 一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN107675489A
CN107675489A CN201710860833.9A CN201710860833A CN107675489A CN 107675489 A CN107675489 A CN 107675489A CN 201710860833 A CN201710860833 A CN 201710860833A CN 107675489 A CN107675489 A CN 107675489A
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nylon fabric
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施金椽
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Anhui Jin School Textile And Clothing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，涉及功能性面料技术领域，包括如下步骤：(1)锦纶面料的预处理，(2)防紫外线处理液的配制，(3)锦纶面料的浸轧，(4)防紫外线涂层的固着。本发明所述加工方法对锦纶面料处理后能显著提高锦纶面料的防紫外线性能，使UVA透过率、UVB透过率均低于4％，UPF大于30；并且经整理后的锦纶面料具有较好的防紫外线效果稳定性，水洗50次后仍保持较强的防紫外线性能；同时使用安全性高，长期使用后不会对人体造成任何不利影响，避免使用常规化学类紫外线吸收剂存在的毒害问题。

Description

一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及功能性面料技术领域，具体涉及一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法。
背景技术：
锦纶，俗称尼龙，又称聚酰胺纤维，优点是高强度、高耐磨性、强抗化学性及良好的抗变形性、抗老化性，缺点是手感较硬。锦纶是最常见的户外纺织材料，广泛用于背包、睡袋、服装、帐篷等加工。
由于户外锦纶面料长时间处于户外环境中，因此对其防紫外线要求很高，尤其是将其应用于户外服装加工中。目前，仅依赖于锦纶面料自身的防紫外线性能已经完全不能满足户外服装的防紫外线要求。因此，需要在锦纶面料加工过程中添加适宜的紫外线遮蔽剂以显著增强其防紫外线性能。
目前，紫外线遮蔽剂分为两种，一种是无机类紫外线反射剂，作用机理主要是对紫外线进行反射和散射以阻止其透过面料，常用二氧化钛和氧化锌；另一种是有机类紫外线吸收剂，主要是对紫外线具有吸收作用，其结构上含有羟基，在形成稳定氢键、氢键螯合环等过程中吸收紫外线能量并转变为热能散失，常用二苯甲酮类和苯并三唑类。上述两类紫外线遮蔽剂通过共混纺丝和后整理方法制备防紫外线织物，就无机类紫外线反射剂来说其具有防紫外线效果稳定性差且效率低的问题，而就有机类紫外线吸收剂来说其具有一定的毒性，不适合与人体皮肤的长时间接触。
为了解决上述问题，本公司开发出一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，该加工方法具有操作简单、工艺参数可控性强的特点，并且经其加工所得锦纶面料具有较强的防紫外线性能，同时防紫外线效果稳定性好，使用安全性高，其作用于锦纶面料后不会对人体产生毒性。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种操作简单、工艺参数可控性强且防紫外线性能优异、防紫外线效果稳定性好、使用安全性高的户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5-10wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15-30min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10-15min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌5-10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间5-10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.25-0.35MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着3-5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
所述步骤(2)中防紫外线处理剂、水的重量比为1:15-30。
所述步骤(2)中防紫外线处理剂选自氧化锌、二氧化钛、UV-531、UV-326中的一种。
所述步骤(2)中防紫外线处理剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：纳米胶粉15-25份、陶瓷微粉5-10份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺5-10份、聚乙烯醇1-5份、乙氧基化氢化蓖麻油0.5-2份、环氧大豆油0.5-2份、葡萄糖酸钠0.1-1份、二茂铁0.05-0.5份；其制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向聚乙烯醇中加入环氧大豆油和二茂铁，并加热至115-125℃保温混合10-15min，再加入乙氧基化氢化蓖麻油，继续在115-125℃下保温混合10-15min，即得助剂；
(2)向纳米胶粉中加入助剂和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，充分混合后于0-5℃环境中密封静置1-2h，然后加入陶瓷微粉和葡萄糖酸钠，并加热至120-130℃保温混合10-15min，所得混合物自然冷却至室温，最后经超微粉碎机制成微粉，即得防紫外线处理剂。
所述聚乙烯醇选自聚乙烯醇217。
所述阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量在800-1000万。
所述纳米胶粉由纳米氧化锌、聚天门冬氨酸与鲸蜡醇制成，其具体制备方法为：搅拌下向鲸蜡醇中滴加无水乙醇直至完全溶解，同时向聚天门冬氨酸中滴加去离子水直至完全溶解，再向聚天门冬氨酸水溶液中加入鲸蜡醇的乙醇溶液和95wt％浓硫酸，充分混合后利用微波处理器微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后继续微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，如此反复使微波照射回流处理总时间达到40-60min，然后加入纳米氧化锌和二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯，混合均匀后微波照射回流处理10min，间隔10min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，所得混合物送入喷雾干燥机中，干燥所得颗粒经研磨机制成粉末，即得纳米胶粉。
所述聚天门冬氨酸的分子量在3000-4000。
所述鲸蜡醇、聚天门冬氨酸、浓硫酸、纳米氧化锌、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯的重量比为5-10:10-15:0.05-0.5:10-15:0.5-3。
纳米胶粉制备时先利用鲸蜡醇与聚天门冬氨酸发生酯化反应生成高分子酯化物，再在二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯的交联作用下使纳米氧化锌均匀渗透到高分子酯化物中并固化，制得的纳米胶粉相对于纳米氧化锌具有较强的防紫外线性能，并且防紫外线效果稳定性好。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)以5-10wt％小苏打水溶液先对锦纶面料进行预处理，避免使用强碱处理锦纶面料存在的严重破坏纤维结构的问题；并且小苏打水溶液对环境污染性小，经多次预处理后的废液处理难度小；此外小苏打水溶液在预处理锦纶面料的同时还能起到清洁和杀菌的作用；
(2)在浸轧时将防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，以便防紫外线处理剂快速渗透到锦纶纤维结构中，并在浸轧后通过高温固着方式来使水分快速挥发同时促进防紫外线处理剂在锦纶纤维结构上的牢固附着；
(3)以自制纳米胶粉作为主料，协以陶瓷微粉、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺以及多种助剂制得防紫外线处理剂，该防紫外线处理剂适用于户外用品加工用锦纶面料的后整理，将其作用于锦纶面料后能显著提高锦纶面料的防紫外线性能，使UVA透过率、UVB透过率均低于4％，UPF大于30；并且经整理后的锦纶面料具有较好的防紫外线效果稳定性，水洗50次后仍保持较强的防紫外线性能；同时使用安全性高，长期使用后不会对人体造成任何不利影响，避免使用常规化学类紫外线吸收剂存在的毒害问题。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg氧化锌，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
实施例2
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg二氧化钛加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
实施例3
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kgUV-531，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
实施例4
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kgUV-326，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
实施例5
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
防紫外线处理剂的制备：
(1)向3g聚乙烯醇217中加入0.5g环氧大豆油和0.05g二茂铁，并加热至115-125℃保温混合10min，再加入0.5g乙氧基化氢化蓖麻油，继续在115-125℃下保温混合15min，即得助剂；
(2)向20g纳米胶粉中加入助剂和5g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，充分混合后于0-5℃环境中密封静置2h，然后加入5g陶瓷微粉和0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，并加热至120-130℃保温混合10min，所得混合物自然冷却至室温，最后经超微粉碎机制成微粉，即得防紫外线处理剂。
其中，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量在800-1000万。
纳米胶粉的制备：搅拌下向10g鲸蜡醇中滴加无水乙醇直至完全溶解，同时向15g聚天门冬氨酸中滴加去离子水直至完全溶解，再向聚天门冬氨酸水溶液中加入鲸蜡醇的乙醇溶液和0.5g 95wt％浓硫酸，充分混合后利用微波处理器微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后继续微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，如此反复使微波照射回流处理总时间达到60min，然后加入15g纳米氧化锌和2g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯，混合均匀后微波照射回流处理10min，间隔10min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，所得混合物送入喷雾干燥机中，干燥所得颗粒经研磨机制成粉末，即得纳米胶粉。其中，聚天门冬氨酸的分子量在3000-4000。
实施例6
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
防紫外线处理剂的制备：
(1)向5g聚乙烯醇217中加入0.5g环氧大豆油和0.05g二茂铁，并加热至115-125℃保温混合15min，再加入1g乙氧基化氢化蓖麻油，继续在115-125℃下保温混合10min，即得助剂；
(2)向25g纳米胶粉中加入助剂和10g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，充分混合后于0-5℃环境中密封静置2h，然后加入8g陶瓷微粉和0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，并加热至120-130℃保温混合15min，所得混合物自然冷却至室温，最后经超微粉碎机制成微粉，即得防紫外线处理剂。
其中，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量在800-1000万。
纳米胶粉的制备：搅拌下向5g鲸蜡醇中滴加无水乙醇直至完全溶解，同时向10g聚天门冬氨酸中滴加去离子水直至完全溶解，再向聚天门冬氨酸水溶液中加入鲸蜡醇的乙醇溶液和0.5g 95wt％浓硫酸，充分混合后利用微波处理器微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后继续微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，如此反复使微波照射回流处理总时间达到40min，然后加入10g纳米氧化锌和1g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯，混合均匀后微波照射回流处理10min，间隔10min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，所得混合物送入喷雾干燥机中，干燥所得颗粒经研磨机制成粉末，即得纳米胶粉。其中，聚天门冬氨酸的分子量在3000-4000。
对照例1
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
防紫外线处理剂的制备：
(1)向5g聚乙烯醇217中加入0.5g环氧大豆油和0.05g二茂铁，并加热至115-125℃保温混合15min，再加入1g乙氧基化氢化蓖麻油，继续在115-125℃下保温混合10min，即得助剂；
(2)向25g纳米胶粉中加入助剂和10g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，充分混合后于0-5℃环境中密封静置2h，然后加入8g陶瓷微粉和0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，并加热至120-130℃保温混合15min，所得混合物自然冷却至室温，最后经超微粉碎机制成微粉，即得防紫外线处理剂。
其中，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量在800-1000万。
纳米胶粉的制备：搅拌下向5g鲸蜡醇中滴加无水乙醇直至完全溶解，同时向10g聚天门冬氨酸中滴加去离子水直至完全溶解，再向聚天门冬氨酸水溶液中加入鲸蜡醇的乙醇溶液和0.5g 95wt％浓硫酸，充分混合后利用微波处理器微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后继续微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，如此反复使微波照射回流处理总时间达到40min，然后加入10g纳米氧化锌，混合均匀后微波照射回流处理10min，间隔10min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，所得混合物送入喷雾干燥机中，干燥所得颗粒经研磨机制成粉末，即得纳米胶粉。其中，聚天门冬氨酸的分子量在3000-4000。
对照例2
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将25kg水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入1kg防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.3MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
防紫外线处理剂的制备：
向25g纳米胶粉中加入10g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺，充分混合后于0-5℃环境中密封静置2h，然后加入8g陶瓷微粉和0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，并加热至120-130℃保温混合15min，所得混合物自然冷却至室温，最后经超微粉碎机制成微粉，即得防紫外线处理剂。
其中，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量在800-1000万。
纳米胶粉的制备：搅拌下向5g鲸蜡醇中滴加无水乙醇直至完全溶解，同时向10g聚天门冬氨酸中滴加去离子水直至完全溶解，再向聚天门冬氨酸水溶液中加入鲸蜡醇的乙醇溶液和0.5g 95wt％浓硫酸，充分混合后利用微波处理器微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后继续微波照射回流处理10min，间隔5min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，如此反复使微波照射回流处理总时间达到40min，然后加入10g纳米氧化锌和1g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯，混合均匀后微波照射回流处理10min，间隔10min后再次微波照射回流处理10min，所得混合物送入喷雾干燥机中，干燥所得颗粒经研磨机制成粉末，即得纳米胶粉。其中，聚天门冬氨酸的分子量在3000-4000。
实施例7
分别利用实施例1-6、对照例1-2所制方法对同批同规格的等量锦纶面料进行防紫外线处理，并测定处理后锦纶面料的防紫外线性能，结果如表1所示，设置以等量纳米氧化锌作为防紫外线处理剂的对照例3。其中，UVA/％、UVB/％分别指UVA透过率、UVB透过率。
表1经防紫外线处理剂处理后的锦纶面料防紫外线性能
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)锦纶面料的预处理：将锦纶面料浸没于5-10wt％小苏打水溶液中，并于40-45℃下保温浸泡15-30min，再用去离子水洗涤除去小苏打，洗净后置于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重；
(2)防紫外线处理液的配制：先将水加入配液罐中，并于搅拌速度300-400r/min下分批加入防紫外线处理剂，加完后转到700-800r/min下搅拌10-15min，并加热至回流状态保温搅拌5-10min，即得防紫外线处理液；
(3)锦纶面料的浸轧：将配制好的防紫外线处理液泵入浸液槽中，防紫外线处理液的温度维持在55-60℃，采用二浸二轧方式对锦纶面料浸轧，每次浸泡时间5-10min，轧车转速2-3m/min，压力0.25-0.35MPa，轧余率70-80％；
(4)防紫外线涂层的固着：将浸轧后的锦纶面料置于120-125℃烘箱中高温固着3-5min，并于55-60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重。
2.根据权利要求1所述的户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中防紫外线处理剂、水的重量比为1:15-30。
3.根据权利要求1所述的户外锦纶面料防紫外线涂层的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中防紫外线处理剂选自氧化锌、二氧化钛、UV-531、UV-326中的一种。
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